CN2396398Y - Capacitive type soil humidity meter - Google Patents
Capacitive type soil humidity meter Download PDFInfo
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- CN2396398Y CN2396398Y CN 99232565 CN99232565U CN2396398Y CN 2396398 Y CN2396398 Y CN 2396398Y CN 99232565 CN99232565 CN 99232565 CN 99232565 U CN99232565 U CN 99232565U CN 2396398 Y CN2396398 Y CN 2396398Y
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 24
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
电容式土壤湿度测定仪,属于对土壤湿度测定仪器的改进。其特征是测量探头顶端是金属引锥(1),探头杆(6)下部连接一个由多孔金属管(2)与其中心的绝缘金属棒(3)之间的吸湿介质(4)组成的传感器电容体,多孔金属管(2)与绝缘金属棒(3)的电极引线(5)均由探头杆(6)的内腔引出探头与测量主机电路连接。仪器能对不同深度的土壤能实施原态－原位测定。
The utility model relates to a capacitive soil moisture measuring instrument, which belongs to the improvement of the soil moisture measuring instrument. It is characterized in that the top of the measuring probe is a metal guide cone (1), and the lower part of the probe rod (6) is connected with a sensor capacitance composed of a moisture-absorbing medium (4) between a porous metal tube (2) and an insulating metal rod (3) in the center. The electrode leads (5) of the porous metal tube (2) and the insulated metal rod (3) are all drawn out from the inner cavity of the probe rod (6) to connect the probe to the circuit of the measuring host. The instrument can perform original state-in-situ determination on soils of different depths.
Description
本实用新型是一种电容式土壤湿度测定仪，属于田间土壤湿度测定仪器的设计制造技术领域。The utility model relates to a capacitive soil moisture measuring instrument, which belongs to the technical field of design and manufacture of field soil moisture measuring instruments.
在测定土壤湿度方法中，最经典的烘干法虽然测定准确，但采样、烘干费时、费事，不适用于田间土壤湿度的直接测量，特别是原态-原位测定。Among the soil moisture measurement methods, the most classic drying method is accurate, but sampling and drying are time-consuming and troublesome, and are not suitable for direct measurement of soil moisture in the field, especially in-situ-in-situ measurement.
田间土壤湿度的直接测定包括有电导法(石膏电极法)、热传导法(电热法)、微波法、负压计法、中子法测定。其不足之处在于：负压计法仅能测定土壤毛细管段的含水。由于土壤电导不仅与土壤湿度有关，而且与离子浓度和种类有关，因此电导法用于农田土壤湿度测定时受施肥和灌溉水水质的影响较大，其测定准确度较低。电热法、微波法在操作方法、重现性、探测深度等方面也存在一定的局限性。中子法测定范围宽，精度高，但由于售价高，在储藏、搬运和使用中需进行核辐射防护，适用面较窄。同时中子法测定受土壤有机质含量的影响，不适用于耕层土壤的湿度测定。The direct measurement of field soil moisture includes conductivity method (gypsum electrode method), heat conduction method (electrothermal method), microwave method, negative pressure meter method, and neutron method. Its disadvantage is that the negative pressure gauge method can only measure the water content of the soil capillary section. Since soil conductance is not only related to soil moisture, but also related to ion concentration and type, the conductometric method is greatly affected by fertilization and irrigation water quality when used in the determination of farmland soil moisture, and its measurement accuracy is low. The electrothermal method and microwave method also have certain limitations in terms of operation method, reproducibility, and detection depth. The neutron method has a wide measurement range and high precision, but due to the high price, nuclear radiation protection is required during storage, transportation and use, and its application is narrow. At the same time, the determination of neutron method is affected by the content of soil organic matter, so it is not suitable for the determination of soil moisture in the plow layer.
本实用新型的目的在于弥补上述现有技术的不足而提供一种插入式探头，以吸湿介质材料作为电容介质形成电容体结构的电容式土壤湿度测定仪。The purpose of this utility model is to provide a plug-in probe to make up for the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, and a capacitive soil moisture measuring instrument with a capacitive body structure formed by using a hygroscopic medium material as a capacitive medium.
本实用新型的目的可以通过以下措施来达到：由测量探头、传输电缆和测量主机电路构成的电容式土壤湿度测定仪，测量探头顶端是金属引锥，探头杆下部连接一个由多孔金属管与其中心的绝缘金属棒及其之间的吸湿介质组成的传感器电容体，多孔金属管和绝缘金属棒的电极引线均由探头杆的内腔引出探头与测量主机电路连接。The purpose of this utility model can be achieved through the following measures: a capacitive soil moisture measuring instrument composed of a measuring probe, a transmission cable and a measuring host circuit, the top of the measuring probe is a metal guide cone, and the bottom of the probe rod is connected with a porous metal tube and its center. The insulated metal rod and the sensor capacitor composed of the hygroscopic medium between them, the electrode leads of the porous metal tube and the insulated metal rod are all drawn out from the inner cavity of the probe rod to connect the probe to the measurement host circuit.
本实用新型的目的还可以通过以下措施来达到：测量主机电路包括由正弦波信号发生器、集成运算放大器组成的电容测量电路、传感器起始电容和传输电缆线间电容补偿电路、温度补偿电路、整流滤波电路；主机电路中由集成运算放大器A3和以Cx作为传感器的被测电容以及决定测量范围的定标电容Cn构成电容测量电路，电阻R6保持A3有稳定工作状态的反馈直流通道；主机电路中由集成运算放大器A2与电容Cp和调节电位器Rw构成传感器起始电容和传输电缆线间电容补偿电路；主机电路中由集成运算放大器A4与电阻Rt构成温度补偿电路；主机电路中由集成运算放大器A5与二极管D1、D2和电阻R13、电容C3构成整流滤波电路；吸湿介质是玻璃棉。The purpose of this utility model can also be achieved by the following measures: the measurement host circuit includes a capacitance measurement circuit composed of a sine wave signal generator, an integrated operational amplifier, a sensor initial capacitance and a capacitance compensation circuit between transmission cable lines, a temperature compensation circuit, Rectification and filtering circuit; in the host circuit, the integrated operational amplifier A3 , the measured capacitance with Cx as the sensor, and the calibration capacitance Cn that determines the measurement range constitute the capacitance measurement circuit, and the resistor R6 keeps A3 with a stable working state feedback DC channel; the host circuit is composed of integrated operational amplifier A 2 , capacitor C p and adjusting potentiometer R w to form the initial capacitance of the sensor and the capacitance compensation circuit between transmission cables; the host circuit is composed of integrated operational amplifier A 4 and resistor R t Temperature compensation circuit; the host circuit consists of integrated operational amplifier A 5 , diodes D 1 , D 2 , resistor R 13 , and capacitor C 3 to form a rectification and filter circuit; the hygroscopic medium is glass wool.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
图1为测量探头结构图Figure 1 is a structural diagram of the measuring probe
图2为测量探头电容体结构放大剖面图Figure 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the capacitor structure of the measuring probe
图3为测量主机电路结构图Figure 3 is the circuit structure diagram of the measurement host
本实用新型下面将结合附图作进一步说明：The utility model will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
如图1和图2所示：测量探头杆(6)顶端是金属引锥(1)，探头杆(6)下部连接一个由多孔金属管(2)与绝缘金属棒(3)及其之间的吸湿介质(4)组成的传感器电容体Cx，多孔金属管(2)与绝缘金属棒(3)的电极引线(5)均为单屏蔽线，由探头杆(6)管内引出到探头端的接线金(7)，最后装配时焊接在接线盒(7)的测量电缆连接插座(8)上，使探头与主机电路连接。引锥和多孔金属管用不锈钢制作；绝缘金属棒用铜材料制作；探头杆用尼龙材料或其他抗老化、绝缘好、具有一定机械强度的塑料材料车制或注塑成型。引锥能增强探头入土的压强，使其容易插入土中；探头杆的长度决定探头的最大入土深度。As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2: the top of the measuring probe rod (6) is a metal guide cone (1), and the lower part of the probe rod (6) is connected to a porous metal tube (2) and an insulating metal rod (3) and between them. The sensor capacitor Cx composed of the hygroscopic medium (4), the electrode lead (5) of the porous metal tube (2) and the insulated metal rod (3) are all single shielded wires, which are drawn out from the probe rod (6) to the probe end. Gold (7), welded on the measurement cable connection socket (8) of the junction box (7) during final assembly, so that the probe is connected to the host circuit. The guide cone and porous metal pipe are made of stainless steel; the insulating metal rod is made of copper; the probe rod is made of nylon or other plastic materials with anti-aging, good insulation and certain mechanical strength. The introduction cone can enhance the pressure of the probe into the soil, making it easy to insert into the soil; the length of the probe rod determines the maximum depth of the probe into the soil.
如图3所示：测量主机电路包括由正弦波信号发生器G，集成运算放大器A1-A5组成的电容测量电路、传感器起始电容和传输电缆线间电容补偿电路、温变补偿电路、整流滤波电路，均装在主机壳内。集成运算放大器A1为跟随器，C1为隔直电容，其作用是消除信号发生器所产生的直流分量对测量的影响。由集成运算放大器A2与电容Cp和电位器Rw构成传感器起始电容和传输电缆线间电容补偿电路，集成运算放大器A2将集成运算放大器A1输出的正弦波信号反相，电容Cp为传感器起始电容和传输电缆线间电容的补偿电容，调节电位器Rw就可以达到传感器起始电容和传输电缆线间电容补偿的目的，使集成运算放大器A3的输出值仅是传感器测量电容Cx因土壤湿度变化而产生的电容变化值。由集成运算放大器A3和以Cx作为传感器的被测电容以及决定测量范围的定标电容Cn构成电容测量电路，电阻R6保持A3有一稳定工作状态的反馈直流通道。由集成运算放大器A4与电阻Rt构成温度补偿电路。热敏电阻Rt的阻值随被测土壤温度的变化而变化，调节集成运算放大器A4的闭环放大倍数，从而补偿土壤温度对传感器测量电容Cx的影响。由集成运算放大器A5与二极管D1、D2和电阻R13、电容C3构成整流滤波电路，将测量输出的交流信号变成直流信号U。提供给显示器，电容C2为隔直电容，避免集成运算放大器A3、A4电路产生的直流分量对集成运算放大器A5的影响。As shown in Figure 3: the measurement host circuit includes a capacitance measurement circuit composed of a sine wave signal generator G, integrated operational amplifiers A 1 -A 5 , a sensor initial capacitance and a transmission cable line capacitance compensation circuit, a temperature change compensation circuit, The rectification and filtering circuits are all installed in the main casing. The integrated operational amplifier A 1 is a follower, and C 1 is a DC blocking capacitor. Its function is to eliminate the influence of the DC component generated by the signal generator on the measurement. The integrated operational amplifier A 2 , the capacitor C p and the potentiometer R w constitute the initial capacitance of the sensor and the capacitance compensation circuit between the transmission cables. The integrated operational amplifier A 2 inverts the sine wave signal output by the integrated operational amplifier A 1 , and the capacitor C p is the compensation capacitance of the initial capacitance of the sensor and the inter-line capacitance of the transmission cable. Adjusting the potentiometer Rw can achieve the purpose of compensation for the initial capacitance of the sensor and the inter-line capacitance of the transmission cable, so that the output value of the integrated operational amplifier A3 is only the sensor Measure the capacitance change value of capacitance C x due to the change of soil moisture. The capacitance measurement circuit is composed of the integrated operational amplifier A3 , the measured capacitance with Cx as the sensor, and the calibration capacitance Cn that determines the measurement range. The resistor R6 keeps A3 with a feedback DC channel in a stable working state. The temperature compensation circuit is composed of integrated operational amplifier A4 and resistor R t . The resistance value of the thermistor R t changes with the measured soil temperature, and the closed-loop magnification of the integrated operational amplifier A4 is adjusted to compensate the influence of the soil temperature on the sensor measurement capacitance Cx . The integrated operational amplifier A 5 , diodes D 1 , D 2 , resistor R 13 , and capacitor C 3 form a rectification and filtering circuit, which converts the measured output AC signal into a DC signal U. Provided to the display, the capacitor C 2 is a DC blocking capacitor to avoid the influence of the DC components generated by the circuits of the integrated operational amplifiers A 3 and A 4 on the integrated operational amplifier A 5 .
集成运算放大器A1-A4为宽带高输入阻抗运算放大器，A5为宽带低漂移运算放大器。对以干电池供电的便携式仪器，集成运算放大器A1-A5应为宽带低功放运算放大器。电容Cn、Cp为低温度系数精密电容，电阻Rt为正温度系数热敏电阻，电容C3为电解电容，二极管D1、D2为检波二极管。电路中的电阻为金属膜电阻。Integrated operational amplifiers A 1 -A 4 are broadband high input impedance operational amplifiers, and A 5 is a broadband low-drift operational amplifier. For portable instruments powered by dry batteries, the integrated operational amplifiers A 1 -A 5 should be broadband low power amplifier operational amplifiers. Capacitors C n and C p are low temperature coefficient precision capacitors, resistor R t is a positive temperature coefficient thermistor, capacitor C 3 is an electrolytic capacitor, and diodes D 1 and D 2 are detection diodes. The resistors in the circuit are metal film resistors.
电容式土壤湿度测定仪，探头下部采用多孔金属管(2)与其中心的绝缘金属棒(3)之间的吸湿快、解吸也快的介质材料(4)作为电容介质形成的传感器电容体Cx结构，插入土壤中的非毛细管含水段，当土壤湿度变化时，作为探头传感器电容Cx的电容值出现明显变化，利用这一特性，在测得土壤湿度与电容体电容值变化的相关系数后就可通过测定其电容值来确定土壤的湿度，其测量与土壤的松紧度无关。Capacitive soil moisture measuring instrument, the lower part of the probe adopts the dielectric material (4) with fast moisture absorption and fast desorption between the porous metal tube (2) and the insulating metal rod (3) in the center as the sensor capacitance C x formed by the capacitance medium structure, the non-capillary water-containing section inserted into the soil, when the soil moisture changes, the capacitance value of the probe sensor capacitance C x changes significantly, using this characteristic, after measuring the correlation coefficient between the soil moisture and the capacitance value of the capacitor body The humidity of the soil can be determined by measuring its capacitance value, and its measurement has nothing to do with the tightness of the soil.
本实用新型具有如下优点：1、测定土壤非毛细管段含水量具有极好的效果，并能与负压计测量范围相衔接。2、土壤含盐量对测定影响很小。3、探头为插入式结构，引锥增强了探头入土的压强，使其容易插入土中，可对不同深度的土壤实施原态-原位测定。The utility model has the following advantages: 1. The determination of the water content of the non-capillary section of the soil has an excellent effect, and can be connected with the measurement range of the negative pressure gauge. 2. Soil salinity has little influence on the determination. 3. The probe is a plug-in structure, and the guide cone enhances the pressure of the probe into the soil, making it easy to insert into the soil, and can perform in-situ-in-situ measurements on soils of different depths.
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Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 99232565 CN2396398Y (en) | 1999-09-08 | 1999-09-08 | Capacitive type soil humidity meter |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 99232565 CN2396398Y (en) | 1999-09-08 | 1999-09-08 | Capacitive type soil humidity meter |
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| CN2396398Y true CN2396398Y (en) | 2000-09-13 |
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| CN 99232565 Expired - Fee Related CN2396398Y (en) | 1999-09-08 | 1999-09-08 | Capacitive type soil humidity meter |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105067678A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-18 | 重庆市长寿区大嘉富水果种植股份合作社 | Soil humidity tester |
| CN107064243A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-08-18 | 武汉大学 | A kind of clay dielectric capacitor type soil matrix gesture measuring method |
| CN107091864A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-08-25 | 武汉大学 | Condenser type soil matrix gesture real-time measurement system |
| WO2020217243A1 (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2020-10-29 | Korol Oleg | Water absorbent tensiometer for determining moisture levels for irrigation |
| WO2021244897A1 (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2021-12-09 | Plantcare Ag | Moisture measuring device having an antibacterial effect |
| CN116482299A (en) * | 2023-03-16 | 2023-07-25 | 中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心 | An in-situ monitoring system and installation monitoring method for natural gas hydrate in permafrost regions |
-
1999
- 1999-09-08 CN CN 99232565 patent/CN2396398Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105067678A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-18 | 重庆市长寿区大嘉富水果种植股份合作社 | Soil humidity tester |
| CN107064243A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-08-18 | 武汉大学 | A kind of clay dielectric capacitor type soil matrix gesture measuring method |
| CN107091864A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-08-25 | 武汉大学 | Condenser type soil matrix gesture real-time measurement system |
| CN107091864B (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2020-01-14 | 武汉大学 | Capacitance type soil matrix potential real-time measuring system |
| WO2020217243A1 (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2020-10-29 | Korol Oleg | Water absorbent tensiometer for determining moisture levels for irrigation |
| WO2021244897A1 (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2021-12-09 | Plantcare Ag | Moisture measuring device having an antibacterial effect |
| CN116482299A (en) * | 2023-03-16 | 2023-07-25 | 中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心 | An in-situ monitoring system and installation monitoring method for natural gas hydrate in permafrost regions |
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