CN201365204Y - Single-stage and single-phase AC-DC converter based on LLC series resonance - Google Patents
Single-stage and single-phase AC-DC converter based on LLC series resonance Download PDFInfo
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- CN201365204Y CN201365204Y CNU2009200504794U CN200920050479U CN201365204Y CN 201365204 Y CN201365204 Y CN 201365204Y CN U2009200504794 U CNU2009200504794 U CN U2009200504794U CN 200920050479 U CN200920050479 U CN 200920050479U CN 201365204 Y CN201365204 Y CN 201365204Y
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Abstract
本实用新型提供了一种基于LLC串联谐振的单级单相AC－DC变换器，包括一个单相PFC环节、一个LLC串联谐振DC－DC变换器环节和输出滤波电容(CO)，所述单相PFC环节与LLC串联谐振DC－DC变换器环节共用第一MOS管和第二MOS管，通过该两个MOS管的切换工作同时实现输入功率因数校正和输出电压调节，并实现所有功率器件的软开关，具有较高的效率。单相PFC变换器与DC－DC变换器共同构成单级单相AC－DC变换器。单相PFC变换器与DC－DC变换器共用一对MOS管，该实用新型涉及的电路省去了两个输入整流二极管、一个开关管和一个续流二极管，降低了电路的成本和体积，本实用新型适合用作LCD电源。
The utility model provides a single-stage single-phase AC-DC converter based on LLC series resonance, which includes a single-phase PFC link, an LLC series resonance DC-DC converter link and an output filter capacitor (C O ). The single-phase PFC link and the LLC series resonant DC-DC converter link share the first MOS tube and the second MOS tube. Through the switching work of the two MOS tubes, the input power factor correction and output voltage regulation are realized at the same time, and all power devices are realized. soft switching with high efficiency. The single-phase PFC converter and the DC-DC converter together constitute a single-stage single-phase AC-DC converter. The single-phase PFC converter and the DC-DC converter share a pair of MOS tubes. The circuit involved in this utility model saves two input rectifying diodes, a switching tube and a freewheeling diode, which reduces the cost and volume of the circuit. The utility model is suitable for use as an LCD power supply.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本实用新型涉及AC-DC变换器，尤其涉及一种实现功率因数校正和软开关的单级单相AC-DC变换器。The utility model relates to an AC-DC converter, in particular to a single-stage single-phase AC-DC converter for realizing power factor correction and soft switching.
背景技术 Background technique
具有隔离变压器的单相AC-DC变换器已广泛应用于LCD和LED等电源中。传统的单相AC-DC变换器在输入整流桥后直接接储能大电容，导致变换器功率因数低、输入电流谐波大，并且对电网造成污染。为了减小单相AC-DC变换器的输入电流谐波，提高输入功率因数，减小变换器对电网的污染，一般在整流桥后加入一级有源功率因数校正环节。当单相AC-DC变换器需要隔离时，还要在有源功率因数校正环节后加入一级带隔离变压器的DC-DC变换器。因此，传统的具有隔离变压器的单相AC-DC变换器一般由输入整流桥、有源功率因数校正环节、带隔离变压器的DC-DC变换器组合而成，如图1所示，整个单相AC-DC变换器使用的功率管较多，而且经过多级变换，造成较大的功率损耗，特别是开关损耗。Single-phase AC-DC converters with isolation transformers have been widely used in power supplies such as LCDs and LEDs. The traditional single-phase AC-DC converter is directly connected to a large energy storage capacitor after the input rectifier bridge, resulting in low power factor of the converter, large input current harmonics, and pollution to the power grid. In order to reduce the input current harmonics of the single-phase AC-DC converter, improve the input power factor, and reduce the pollution of the converter to the power grid, a first-stage active power factor correction link is generally added after the rectifier bridge. When the single-phase AC-DC converter needs to be isolated, a DC-DC converter with an isolation transformer must be added after the active power factor correction link. Therefore, a traditional single-phase AC-DC converter with an isolation transformer is generally composed of an input rectifier bridge, an active power factor correction link, and a DC-DC converter with an isolation transformer. As shown in Figure 1, the entire single-phase The AC-DC converter uses more power tubes, and after multi-stage conversion, it causes a large power loss, especially the switching loss.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型的目的在于克服现有技术存在的上述不足，提供一种基于LLC串联谐振的单级单相AC-DC变换器，将输入整流桥、有源功率因数校正环节和带隔离变压器的DC-DC变换器集成，即将这三个变换环节的二极管和开关管集成，从而构成新的单级AC-DC变换器，同时采用LLC串联谐振回路实现所有功率器件的软开关。本实用新型通过如下技术方案实现：The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies existing in the prior art, and provide a single-stage single-phase AC-DC converter based on LLC series resonance, which will input rectifier bridge, active power factor correction link and DC with isolation transformer - DC converter integration, which is to integrate the diodes and switch tubes of the three conversion links to form a new single-stage AC-DC converter, and use the LLC series resonant circuit to realize the soft switching of all power devices. The utility model is realized through the following technical solutions:
基于LLC串联谐振的单级单相AC-DC变换器，其包括一个单相PFC环节、一个LLC串联谐振DC-DC变换器环节和输出滤波电容CO，所述单相PFC环节由一个输入电感L、第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2、第一MOS管S1和第二MOS管S2和一个储能电容Cd构成；所述LLC串联谐振DC-DC变换器环节由上述两个MOS管S1、S2、一个谐振电容Cr、一个变压器T、输出整流二极管之一DO1、输出整流二极管之二DO2及集成在所述变压器T中的励磁电感Lm和漏电感Lr构成；所述单相PFC环节与LLC串联谐振DC-DC变换器环节共用第一MOS管S1和第二MOS管S2，并通过该两个MOS管的切换工作同时实现输入功率因数校正和输出电压调节。A single-stage single-phase AC-DC converter based on LLC series resonance, which includes a single-phase PFC link, an LLC series resonant DC-DC converter link and an output filter capacitor C O , the single-phase PFC link consists of an input inductor L, the first diode D 1 and the second diode D 2 , the first MOS transistor S 1 and the second MOS transistor S 2 and an energy storage capacitor C d ; the LLC series resonant DC-DC converter The link consists of the above two MOS transistors S 1 , S 2 , a resonant capacitor C r , a transformer T, one of the output rectifier diodes D O1 , the second output rectifier diode D O2 and the excitation inductance L integrated in the transformer T m and leakage inductance L r ; the single-phase PFC link and the LLC series resonant DC-DC converter link share the first MOS transistor S 1 and the second MOS transistor S 2 , and work simultaneously through the switching of the two MOS transistors Realize input power factor correction and output voltage regulation.
上述基于LLC串联谐振的单级单相AC-DC变换器中，单相PFC变换器的输入整流桥由第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第一MOS管S1和第二MOS管S2构成；单相交流电源的一端通过输入电感L和第一二极管D1的阳极、第二二极管D2的阴极连接；单相交流电源的另一端直接与第一MOS管S1的源极、第二MOS管S2的漏极连接，然后再与变压器T的同名端连接；储能电容Cd的一端与第一MOS管S1的漏极、第一二极管D1的阴极连接；储能电容Cd的另一端与第二MOS管S2的源极、第二二极管D2的阳极连接，然后再与谐振电容Cr的一端连接，谐振电容Cr的另一端与变压器T的异名端连接。In the above single-stage single-phase AC-DC converter based on LLC series resonance, the input rectifier bridge of the single-phase PFC converter consists of the first diode D 1 , the second diode D 2 , the first MOS transistor S 1 and The second MOS transistor S2 is formed; one end of the single-phase AC power supply is connected to the anode of the first diode D1 and the cathode of the second diode D2 through the input inductance L; the other end of the single-phase AC power supply is directly connected to the first diode D2 The source of the first MOS transistor S1 is connected to the drain of the second MOS transistor S2 , and then connected to the terminal of the same name of the transformer T; one end of the energy storage capacitor C d is connected to the drain of the first MOS transistor S1 , the first The cathode of the diode D1 is connected; the other end of the energy storage capacitor C d is connected to the source of the second MOS transistor S2 and the anode of the second diode D2 , and then connected to one end of the resonant capacitor C r , The other end of the resonant capacitor C r is connected to the opposite end of the transformer T.
本实用新型具有如下优点和效果：单相PFC变换器与DC-DC变换器共同构成单级单相AC-DC变换器。单相PFC变换器与DC-DC变换器共用一对MOS管S1和S2，相对于传统的Boost PFC+LLC串联谐振DC-DC变换器构成的单相两级AC-DC变换器，该实用新型涉及的电路省去了两个输入整流二极管、一个开关管和一个续流二极管，降低了电路的成本和体积。本实用新型采用LLC串联谐振技术实现MOS管S1和S2的零电压开关，以及整流二极管DO1和DO2的零电流关断，电路中所有功率器件都实现软开关，从而极大地降低该实用新型电路的开关损耗。本实用新型适合用作LCD电源。相对于传统的带隔离变压器的多级AC-DC变换器，本实用新型的电路结构简单，功率器件较少，控制电路简单，效率高。The utility model has the following advantages and effects: the single-phase PFC converter and the DC-DC converter jointly constitute a single-stage single-phase AC-DC converter. The single-phase PFC converter and the DC-DC converter share a pair of MOS transistors S 1 and S 2 . Compared with the traditional Boost PFC+LLC series resonant DC-DC converter composed of a single-phase two-stage AC-DC converter, the The circuit involved in the utility model saves two input rectifying diodes, a switch tube and a freewheeling diode, thereby reducing the cost and volume of the circuit. The utility model adopts the LLC series resonance technology to realize the zero-voltage switching of the MOS transistors S1 and S2 , and the zero-current switching off of the rectifier diodes D O1 and D O2 . All power devices in the circuit realize soft switching, thereby greatly reducing the Switching loss of the utility model circuit. The utility model is suitable for being used as an LCD power supply. Compared with the traditional multi-stage AC-DC converter with isolation transformer, the utility model has simple circuit structure, fewer power devices, simple control circuit and high efficiency.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为传统的具有隔离变压器的单相AC-DC变换器电路图。Figure 1 is a circuit diagram of a traditional single-phase AC-DC converter with an isolation transformer.
图2是本实用新型实施方式中的电路实例图，图中，DS1和CS1分别为MOS管S1的体二极管和体电容，DS2和CS2分别为MOS管S2的体二极管和体电容；Fig. 2 is the circuit example diagram in the embodiment of the present utility model, among the figure, D S1 and C S1 are the body diode and the body capacitance of MOS transistor S1 respectively, D S2 and C S2 are the body diode and the body capacitance of MOS transistor S2 respectively bulk capacitance;
图3是本实用新型实施方式中在不同时间阶段(t0～t9)的工作原理示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the working principle at different time stages (t 0 -t 9 ) in the embodiment of the utility model;
图4a～图4i为实施方式中分别对应于不同阶段的工作模态(Va＞0)示意图；Figures 4a to 4i are schematic diagrams of working modes (Va>0) corresponding to different stages in the embodiment;
图5a、图5b为实施方式中输入电源Va＜0时的两种工作模态示意图。Fig. 5a and Fig. 5b are schematic diagrams of two working modes when the input power Va<0 in the embodiment.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下结合附图对本实用新型作进一步描述。本实用新型涉及的电路包含：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is further described. The circuit involved in the utility model includes:
一个单相PFC变换器，它由一个输入电感L、两个二极管D1和D2、两个MOS管S1和S2、一个储能电容Cd构成；A single-phase PFC converter, which consists of an input inductor L, two diodes D 1 and D 2 , two MOS transistors S 1 and S 2 , and an energy storage capacitor C d ;
一个LLC串联谐振DC-DC变换器，它由两个MOS管S1和S2、一个谐振电容Cr、一个变压器T及其集成的励磁电感Lm和漏电感Lr、两个输出整流二极管DO1和DO2构成；An LLC series resonant DC-DC converter, which consists of two MOS transistors S 1 and S 2 , a resonant capacitor C r , a transformer T and its integrated excitation inductance Lm and leakage inductance Lr, two output rectifier diodes D O1 and D O2 form;
一个输出滤波电容CO。An output filter capacitor C O .
参考图2，输入电感L、二极管D1和D2、MOS管S1和S2、储能电容Cd构成单相PFC变换器；MOS管S1和S2、谐振电容Cr、变压器T及其集成的励磁电感Lm和漏电感Lr、输出整流二极管DO1和DO2构成LLC串联谐振DC-DC变换器；单相PFC变换器与LLC串联谐振DC-DC变换器共用两个MOS管S1和S2；单相交流电源Va的一端通过输入电感L和二极管D1的阳极、二极管D2的阴极连接；单相交流电源Va的另一端直接与MOS管S1的源极、MOS管S2的漏极连接，然后再与变压器的同名端连接；储能电容Cd的一端与MOS管S1的漏极、二极管D1的阴极连接；储能电容Cd的另一端与MOS管S2的源极、二极管D2的阳极连接，然后再与谐振电容Cr的一端连接；谐振电容Cr的另一端与变压器T的异名端连接。Referring to Figure 2, the input inductor L, diodes D 1 and D 2 , MOS transistors S 1 and S 2 , and energy storage capacitor C d form a single-phase PFC converter; MOS transistors S 1 and S 2 , resonant capacitor C r , transformer T Its integrated excitation inductance Lm and leakage inductance Lr, output rectifier diodes D O1 and D O2 form an LLC series resonant DC-DC converter; the single-phase PFC converter and the LLC series resonant DC-DC converter share two MOS transistors S 1 and S 2 ; one end of the single-phase AC power supply V a is connected to the anode of the diode D 1 and the cathode of the diode D 2 through the input inductor L; the other end of the single-phase AC power supply V a is directly connected to the source of the MOS transistor S 1 , The drain of the MOS transistor S2 is connected, and then connected to the same-named terminal of the transformer; one end of the energy storage capacitor C d is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor S 1 and the cathode of the diode D 1 ; the other end of the energy storage capacitor C d is connected to The source of the MOS transistor S2 is connected to the anode of the diode D2 , and then connected to one end of the resonant capacitor C r ; the other end of the resonant capacitor C r is connected to the opposite end of the transformer T.
图3给出了本实用新型的工作原理，图4和5给出了本实用新型的工作模态。电路稳态工作时，本实用新型的工作过程如下：Figure 3 shows the working principle of the utility model, and Figures 4 and 5 show the working mode of the utility model. When the circuit works in a steady state, the working process of the utility model is as follows:
(1)当输入电源Va＞0时，工作原理和工作模态分别如图3和4所示。(1) When the input power Va>0, the working principle and working mode are shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 respectively.
阶段1(t0～t1)，如图4a：t0时刻MOS管S1和S2关断，电感Lm的电流iLm与谐振电流iLr相等，变压器一次侧电流ip为零，输出被变压器隔离，输出整流二极管DO1和DO2反偏截止，输出电容CO放电并给负载供电。谐振电流iLr对S2的体电容CS2充电，同时为S1的体电容CS1放电。t1’时刻，当CS1的端电压VCS1小于输入电压Va时，输入二极管D1开始导通，电感L在电压(Va-VCS1)下充电。当CS1放电结束时，S1上的体二极管DS1导通，阶段1工作状态结束。Phase 1 (t 0 ～t 1 ), as shown in Figure 4a: MOS transistors S 1 and S 2 are turned off at time t 0 , the current i Lm of the inductor L m is equal to the resonant current i Lr, and the primary side current i p of the transformer is zero. The output is isolated by the transformer, the output rectifier diodes D O1 and D O2 are reverse-biased and cut off, and the output capacitor C O discharges and supplies power to the load. The resonant current i Lr charges the bulk capacitance CS2 of S2 and discharges the bulk capacitance CS1 of S1 at the same time. At time t 1' , when the terminal voltage V CS1 of C S1 is lower than the input voltage Va, the input diode D 1 starts to conduct, and the inductor L is charged under the voltage (Va-V CS1 ). When the discharge of C S1 ends, the body diode D S1 on S 1 conducts, and the working state of stage 1 ends.
阶段2(t1～t2)，如图4b：t1时刻，S2关断，体二极管DS1导通，为S1的ZVS导通创造条件。此时输出整流二极管DO1导通，变压器一次侧电压被钳位在nVO，Lm在此电压下线性充电，不参与谐振，ip＝iLr-iLm。电感L在输入电压Va下线性充电。当谐振电流iLr上升至0时，阶段2工作状态结束。Phase 2 (t 1 ~ t 2 ), as shown in Figure 4b: at time t 1 , S 2 is turned off, body diode D S1 is turned on, creating conditions for the ZVS conduction of S 1 . At this time, the output rectifier diode D O1 is turned on, and the voltage on the primary side of the transformer is clamped at nV O , and L m is linearly charged at this voltage without participating in resonance, i p =i Lr -i Lm . The inductor L charges linearly under the input voltage Va. When the resonant current iLr rises to 0, the
阶段3(t2～t3)，如图4c：S1在阶段1时已加上门极驱动信号，在t2时刻，谐振电流iLr由负变正时，S1正向导通，电感L继续在输入电压Va下线性充电，输出整流二极管DO1导通，变压器一次侧电压被钳位在nVO，Lm在此电压下线性充电，不参与谐振，能量由VCd传递到VO。当iLm等于谐振电流iLr时，阶段3结束。Phase 3 (t 2 ~ t 3 ), as shown in Figure 4c: S 1 has applied the gate drive signal in phase 1. At time t 2 , when the resonant current i Lr changes from negative to positive, S 1 conducts forward, and the inductance L Continue to charge linearly under the input voltage Va, the output rectifier diode D O1 is turned on, the primary side voltage of the transformer is clamped at nV O , Lm is linearly charged at this voltage, does not participate in resonance, and the energy is transferred from V Cd to V O . Phase 3 ends when i Lm is equal to the resonant current i Lr .
阶段4(t3～t4)，如图4d：t3时刻，iLm等于谐振电流iLr，Lm参与谐振，输出整流二极管DO1反偏截止，输出电容CO放电并给负载供电。电感L继续在输入电压Va下线性充电。Stage 4 (t 3 ～t 4 ), as shown in Figure 4d: at time t 3 , i Lm is equal to the resonant current i Lr , L m participates in the resonance, the output rectifier diode D O1 is reverse-biased and cut off, and the output capacitor C O discharges and supplies power to the load. The inductor L continues to charge linearly under the input voltage Va.
阶段5(t4～t5)，如图4e：t4时刻，S1和S2关断，输出整流二极管DO1和DO2反偏截止，输出电容CO放电并给负载供电，谐振电流iLr对体电容CS1充电，同时为体电容CS2放电。t5’时刻，当CS1的端电压VCS1大于输入电压Va时，电感L在电压(VCS1-Va)下放电。当CS2放电结束时，S2上的体二极管DS2导通，阶段5工作状态结束。Stage 5 (t 4 ～t 5 ), as shown in Figure 4e: at time t 4 , S 1 and S 2 are turned off, the output rectifier diodes D O1 and D O2 are reverse-biased and cut off, the output capacitor C O discharges and supplies power to the load, and the resonant current i Lr charges the bulk capacitor CS1 and discharges the bulk capacitor CS2 at the same time. At time t 5' , when the terminal voltage V CS1 of C S1 is greater than the input voltage Va, the inductor L discharges under the voltage (V CS1 -Va). When the discharge of C S2 ends, the body diode D S2 on S 2 conducts, and the working state of stage 5 ends.
阶段6(t5～t6)，如图4f：t5时刻，体二极管DS2导通，为S2的ZVS导通创造条件。电感L在电压VCd下放电并给储能电容Cd充电。此时输出整流二极管DO2导通，变压器一次侧电压被钳位在-nVO，Lm在此电压下线性充电，不参与谐振，ip＝iLr-iLm。当谐振电流iLr下降至0时，阶段6工作状态结束。Stage 6 (t 5 -t 6 ), as shown in Fig. 4f: at time t 5 , the body diode D S2 is turned on, which creates conditions for the ZVS conduction of S 2 . The inductor L discharges at the voltage V Cd and charges the storage capacitor C d . At this time, the output rectifier diode D O2 is turned on, and the voltage on the primary side of the transformer is clamped at -nVO, and L m is linearly charged at this voltage without participating in resonance, i p =i Lr -i Lm . When the resonant current i Lr drops to 0, the stage 6 working state ends.
阶段7(t6～t7)，如图4g：S2在阶段6时已加上门极驱动信号，在t6时刻，谐振电流iLr由正变负时，S2正向导通，输出整流二极管DO2导通，变压器一次侧电压被钳位在-nVO，Lm在此电压下线性充电，不参与谐振，谐振电流流经Lm和变压器一次侧，传递能量至VO。电感L在电压VCd下放电并给储能电容Cd充电，当电感电流iL下降到零时，D1反偏截止，阶段7结束。Stage 7 (t 6 ~ t 7 ), as shown in Figure 4g: S 2 has applied the gate drive signal in stage 6, and at time t 6 , when the resonant current i Lr changes from positive to negative, S 2 conducts forward, and the output rectifies Diode D O2 is turned on, the primary side voltage of the transformer is clamped at -nV O , L m is linearly charged at this voltage, and does not participate in resonance, the resonant current flows through L m and the primary side of the transformer, and transfers energy to V O . The inductor L discharges under the voltage V Cd and charges the energy storage capacitor C d . When the inductor current i L drops to zero, the reverse bias of D 1 is cut off, and stage 7 ends.
阶段8(t7～t8)，如图4h：t7时刻，电感电流iL下降到零时，D1反偏截止，谐振电流继续流经Lm和变压器一次侧，传递能量至VO。当iLm等于谐振电流iLr时，阶段8结束。Stage 8 (t 7 ～t 8 ), as shown in Figure 4h: at time t 7 , when the inductor current i L drops to zero, the reverse bias of D 1 is cut off, and the resonant current continues to flow through L m and the primary side of the transformer, transferring energy to V O . Phase 8 ends when i Lm is equal to the resonant current i Lr .
阶段9(t8～t9)，如图4i：t8时刻，iLm等于谐振电流iLr，Lm参与谐振，输出整流二极管DO2反偏截止，输出电容CO放电并给负载供电。Stage 9 (t 8 ～t 9 ), as shown in Figure 4i: at time t 8 , i Lm is equal to the resonant current i Lr , L m participates in the resonance, the output rectifier diode D O2 is reverse-biased and cut off, and the output capacitor C O discharges and supplies power to the load.
(2)当输入电源Va＜0，工作波形如图5所示。(2) When the input power Va<0, the working waveform is shown in Figure 5.
当输入电源Va＜0时，电路工作模态与输入电源Va＞0时的工作模态近似。所不同的是当S1关断和S2导通时，电感L在输入电压Va下线性充电，见图5a；当S1导通和S2关断时，电感L在输入电压Va下线性放电，见图5b。When the input power Va<0, the working mode of the circuit is similar to that of the input power Va>0. The difference is that when S1 is turned off and S2 is turned on, the inductor L charges linearly under the input voltage Va, as shown in Figure 5a; when S1 is turned on and S2 is turned off, the inductor L is linearly charged under the input voltage Va discharge, see Figure 5b.
为验证本实用新型的基于LLC串联谐振的单级单相AC-DC变换器的功率因数校正能力和电压调节性能，我们进行了有关实验，并采用变频控制技术对该电路进行控制。实验结果表明，功率因数和效率分别达到99％和94％。相对于传统的带隔离变压器的多级AC-DC变换器，本实用新型的电路结构简单，功率器件较少，控制电路简单，效率高。In order to verify the power factor correction capability and voltage regulation performance of the single-stage single-phase AC-DC converter based on LLC series resonance of the utility model, we conducted related experiments and used frequency conversion control technology to control the circuit. Experimental results show that the power factor and efficiency reach 99% and 94% respectively. Compared with the traditional multi-stage AC-DC converter with isolation transformer, the utility model has simple circuit structure, fewer power devices, simple control circuit and high efficiency.
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
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Granted publication date: 20091216 Effective date of abandoning: 20090120 |