CN1926975B - A method of using solar energy to breed bat moth eggs on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for breeding hepialus eggs on Qinghai-Tibet plateau by utilizing solar energy. The method comprises establishing greenhouse Hepialus captive market in Hepialus suitable habitat of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, generating hot water by solar water heater in winter and spring, regulating greenhouse temperature to be higher than 4 deg.C at night as heat energy via radiator; by reducing the harm of natural enemies of the hepialus and promoting herbaceous plants and/or bush plants to maintain good growth and development and form a rich vegetation tender root system; meanwhile, the quantity and density of the larvae of the cultured hepialus are improved by releasing eggs, larvae and/or pupae of the hepialus; the hepialus larva only needs 360-390 days from the 1 st-age growth and development to the 6-8 th-age, pupates in the next 5 months, and emerges in the 6-8 months to become imagoes, and the hepialus imagoes are captured in a large scale and fertilized eggs produced after mating are harvested. The obtained Hepialus egg can be used as artificially-fed Hepialus larva or Hepialus bred on Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Through detection, no entomogenous fungi are carried or infected in the harvested hepialus eggs.

Description

A method of using solar energy to breed bat moth eggs on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

technical field

The invention relates to a method for breeding bat moth eggs by utilizing solar energy on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Background technique

Insects of the genus Hepialus need to complete a life cycle through four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult, with obvious generation alternation phenomenon, and their common feature is that they need to go through a long larval stage. The larvae of the genus Batmoth grow in the special ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The larvae of the genus Batmoth are almost dormant in the soil during the permafrost period of the high-cold habitat of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from October to April of the next year. Bat moth larvae hatched in a natural environment need about 6 to 8 instars of growth and development and several dormancy periods before they can pupate. The specific number of days varies with species. The moth is about 1000d, and the Gongga bat moth is 875-1040d, and larvae of different ages can be found in the soil all year round. Some bat moth larvae form pupae in late May each year, and emerge as adults from June to August. Most of the adults emerge from 17 to 20 o'clock every day. After mating, the female moth immediately lays eggs in the meadow grass or shrub vegetation of a few square meters while fluttering immediately after mating. Generally, each female moth lays about 500 eggs. . Due to the extremely long growth cycle of bat moth larvae, it has become a key technical bottleneck restricting the artificial breeding of bat moth.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method utilizing solar energy to breed bat moth eggs on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Bat moth larvae are omnivorous insects that live in tunnels in the soil and feed on tender roots of plants. There are many kinds of plants it eats, but the roots of Polygonum sphaerostachyum Meisn, P. viviparum L., and Rheumpumilum Maxim in the Polygonaceae plant are the most suitable, and it also eats roses. The tender roots of plants such as Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. and leguminous Astragalus. In addition, bat moths also feed on the tender roots of dozens of plants such as Cyperaceae, Gramineae, Gentianaceae, Primulaceae and Juncus. The study found that the breeding of insects of the genus Batmoth in the natural environment is comprehensively controlled by various ecological factors such as ecological geographical distribution, food, vegetation, soil structure, temperature and humidity. Overwintering in permafrost for 8 months and being dormant, restricting the continuous growth and development of bat moth larvae.

The present invention proposes a method of using solar energy to breed bat moth eggs on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, by setting up a greenhouse in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau suitable habitat for the bat moth as a breeding ground for the bat moth, and using a common solar water heater to generate and store heat during the day in winter and spring The water is stored in the thermal insulation storage tank, and at night, it is used as heat energy to control the temperature in the greenhouse to be higher than 4°C through the radiators distributed in the greenhouse, so as to create a good ecological environment for the continuous growth and development of bat moth larvae living in the soil, thereby promoting bat moth larvae. Moth larvae grow continuously and rapidly, shortening the generation cycle of bat moths.

The method of the present invention is, in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau alpine habitat Batmoth genus insect suitable habitat meadow grass vegetation area and/or shrub plant vegetation area, set up the glass greenhouse and/or plastic film greenhouse that modern agriculture usually uses as bat moth Captive farms (referred to as greenhouse bat moth captive farms); according to the growth and development of bat moths, the temperature and humidity of the soil and air in the greenhouse bat moth captive farms are regulated. In winter and spring, solar water heaters are used to generate and store hot water during the day, and use it as heat at night. Regulate the temperature in the greenhouse through the radiator to be higher than 4°C; by controlling and reducing the harm of bat moth natural enemies (such as entomogenic fungi, rodents, ants, parasitic wasps, parasitic flies, insect disease source nematodes, etc.) to bat moths, and through effective Monitor water, fertilizer management and plant dense planting to promote the maintenance of good growth and development of herbaceous plants and/or shrub plants in the manta moth captive farm and form a rich and well-developed vegetation tender root system to provide support for tunnel-style burrowing in the soil Living bat moth larvae feed; at the same time, by releasing an appropriate amount of bat moth eggs and/or larvae and/or pupae, the number and breeding density of captive bat moth larvae are effectively improved; Every year from June to August when the bat moths emerge as adults, the adult bat moths are captured on a large scale in the captive farm of the bat moths and the fertilized eggs of the bat moths are harvested after mating and laying eggs.

The concrete steps of the inventive method comprise:

1. In the alpine habitat of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the meadow grass vegetation area and/or the shrub plant vegetation area suitable for the alpine habitat of the genus Batmoth, establish a common glass greenhouse and/or plastic film greenhouse as a captive field for the bat moth, and follow the conventional greenhouse The method of management is to control the soil humidity in the greenhouse to 50% to 95%, and the relative air humidity to 70% to 95%. In winter and spring, the usual solar water heaters are used to generate and store hot water in the thermal storage tank during the day, and at night as heat energy, the temperature in the greenhouse is adjusted to 10°C ± 6°C through the radiators distributed in the greenhouse; The bat moth larvae create a good ecological environment for continuous growth and development;

2. After the establishment of the bat moth captive farm in the greenhouse (usually within one month after the establishment of the greenhouse), control and kill the entomogenic fungi by spraying fungicides in the captive field of the bat moth moth in the greenhouse, as well as the filling and blocking of rat holes and Use rodenticides to lure and kill rats, release ant killers, insecticides, nematodes, parasitic wasps, and parasitic fly insecticides to control and reduce the harm of bat moth natural enemies to bat moths bred in captive farms;

3. By adopting the usual plant protection management methods of modern agriculture to effectively monitor water, fertilizer management and plant close planting, promote the herbaceous plants and/or shrub plants in the bat moth captivity to maintain a good growth and development state and form a rich vegetation tender root system, To provide food for the bat moth larvae living in tunnel-like caves in the soil, and to create a good ecological environment for the continuous growth and development of the bat moth larvae; to cultivate seedlings by using the nutrient conservation bags of common crop breeding and plant them in the cultivation shed. Alpine meadow herbaceous plants and/or shrub plantlet seedlings with well-developed root system are transplanted and replanted to the captive farm of bat moths in greenhouses;

4. By releasing an appropriate amount of bat moth eggs and/or larvae and/or pupae in greenhouse bat moth captive farms, the number and breeding density of captive bat moth larvae can be effectively increased; The moth larvae grow and develop from the 1st instar to the 6th to 8th instar after 360d to 390d, and pupate in May of the following year; when the bat moth emerges as an adult from June to August each year, it grows and develops in the greenhouse bat moth captivity. The adults of the bat moth are captured on a large scale and the fertilized eggs of the bat moth are harvested after mating and laying eggs.

According to the above-mentioned method of the present invention, usually in the captive field of the above-mentioned greenhouse bat moth, 10 to 25 pairs of fertilized eggs or hatched larvae produced after mating of the bat moth adults are dropped into each hectare, and the bat moth larval survival rate is as high as 91 to 95%. It only takes 360d-390d for the growth and development of bat moth larvae from the 1st instar to the 6th to 8th instar; Mating and laying eggs, 1.25-3.7 million bat moth eggs with a hatch rate as high as 91-97% can be harvested. After testing, none of the harvested bat moth eggs carried or were infected with entomogenic fungi.

The method of the invention creates a good ecological environment for the continuous growth and development of the bat moth larvae, especially utilizes solar energy to create a suitable temperature environment for the bat moth larvae overwintering in winter and spring, thereby promoting the continuous and rapid growth of the bat moth larvae, which can significantly shorten the growth of the bat moth larvae A large number of healthy and high-quality bat moth eggs can be obtained in a short period of time. The harvested bat moth eggs can be directly provided as artificial feeding bat moth larvae or as breeding bat moth species on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and can also be provided after hatching larvae as artificial breeding bat moth larvae species or as Qinghai-Tibet Plateau breeding Species of bat moths.

The alpine habitats of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau that are suitable for the alpine habitats of the genus Basilisk include grass vegetation areas and/or shrub plant areas of alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at altitudes ranging from 3,000 meters to 5,300 meters.

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau alpine meadow herbaceous plants and shrub plants involved in the present invention include herbaceous plants that grow in alpine habitats all the year round: Polygonum glaciale, P. tenuifolium, and P. viviparum , Polygonum chinensis (P.macrophyllum), Astragalus bolfourianus (A. craipianus), Astragalus membranaceus (A.tatsienens s), Astragalus yunnanensis (A.yunnanensis f.elougatus), rhubarb (Rheum pumilum), Ganoderma lucidum (Arenaria lancangensis), Ganoderma lucidum moss (A. bryophylla), black-hearted saxifrage (Saxifraga melanocentra), mountain saxifrage (S.Montana), cotton-headed snowdrop (Saussurea laniceps) and sheep's spear (Festucaovina); , late-flowering ground cushion willow (S.faxoniana), golden wintersweet (Potentillafruticosa), purple-flowered rhododendron (Rhododendron rupicola), pseudo-small scale-leaved rhododendron (R.cephaltanhoides), cloud-mist rhododendron (R.chamaethomsonii), short-stamen rhododendron (R .microgynum), Yunnan-Tibetan Rhododendron (R.temenium), dwarf Rhododendron (R.pumilum) and creeping Rhododendron (R.erastum); it can be one or more of them.

The insects of the genus Hepialus that the present invention relates to (abbreviated as Hepialus minyuancus) include: Chinese caterpillar fungus Hepialus minyuancus, Hepialus minyuancus, Hepialus lagii Yan, Hepialus lagii Yan, and Hepialus gonggaensis S.Q. Fu&T.F.Fuang), Hepialus guidera Yan, Hepialus oblifurcus Chu et Wang, Hepialus oblifurcus Chu et Wang, Hepialus renz hiensis, Deqin guidera Yan, Altai bat moth And such as bat moth (Hepialus bi ruensis Hepial Fu a Huang), scholar bat moth (Hepialus GURU), can be one or more of them.

The medicine (or its trade name) that the present invention relates to controlling and reducing the harm of natural enemies of bat moths includes: fungicides such as carbendazim, thiophanate, and Dasheng 45; Rodenticides such as Mirexate, Diratine, Fumiera, Warfarin, Bromadiolone, etc.; Mirex and other ant-killing medicines; Insecticides for killing insects and disease-causing nematodes such as carbodan; insecticides for killing parasitic wasps and parasitic flies such as abamectin. The time and frequency of spraying or spraying fungicides, rodenticides, and ant-killing medicines depend on the killing effect; the concentration of fungicides used is: the weight ratio of water in the liquid medicine to fungicides is 1000: 1-5, The amount of spraying per ^10M2 area is 20-160g of liquid medicine; the use concentration of rodenticide is: the weight ratio of bait to rodenticide in the rodenticide bait is 100:0.02-0.3, and every ^10M2 area is placed with 2-12 The weight of each pile of poisonous bait is 5-25g; the concentration of Mirex used is: the weight ratio of bait to Mirex in the poisonous bait is 100:0.02-0.3, and ^2-12 piles of poisonous bait are placed in every 10M2 area. The heap weight is 1-15g; the concentration of insecticidal nematode medicine used is: the weight ratio of water and medicine in the liquid medicine is 1000:2-6, can be watered or sprayed, and the dosage per ^10M2 area is 5-220g liquid medicine; The use concentration of the insecticide for killing parasitic wasps and parasitic flies is: the weight ratio of water and insecticide in the liquid medicine is 1000: 2-6, and the spraying amount per ^10M2 area is 5-210g of liquid medicine. When the above-mentioned medicines are used, there may be one or more than one.

Detailed ways

The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment.

Embodiment one:

1. In the alpine habitat of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the alpine habitat of the genus Batmoth, the meadow grass vegetation area and/or the shrub plant vegetation area, establish a greenhouse for the bat moth captivity; according to the management method of the conventional greenhouse, the soil humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to 50% ～95%, the relative air humidity is 70%～95%; in summer and autumn, the temperature of the soil and air in the captive field of bat moths is adjusted to 10℃±6℃ through the vents; in winter and spring, ordinary domestic or industrial solar water heaters are used During the day, hot water is generated and stored in the heat preservation water storage tank, and at night, it is used as heat energy to control the temperature in the greenhouse to 10℃±6℃ through the radiator distributed in the greenhouse;

2. Within one month after the establishment of the bat moth captive farm in the greenhouse, spray carbendazim on the captive farm of the bat moth in the greenhouse for fungicidal treatment, prepare the liquid medicine according to the weight ratio of water and carbendazim 1000:3, and spray it by spraying The amount of spraying per ^10M2 area is 20g of medicinal liquid; and the rat holes are landfilled and blocked and zinc phosphide rodent bait is used to kill rodents. In the rat rodent bait, the weight ratio of bait to zinc phosphide is 100:0.02, Place 3 piles of poisonous rodent bait per ^10M2 area ^, each pile of poisonous bait weighs 5g; at the same time, cast Mirex poison bait to eliminate ants. 2 piles of termite poisonous bait, each pile weighing 5g; and spraying Kexianling to kill insects and disease source nematodes. The liquid medicine is prepared according to the weight ratio of water and Kexianling 1000:2, which can be sprayed by watering and used per ^10M2 area The amount of liquid medicine is about 50g; apply abamectin to kill parasitic bees and parasitic flies, prepare the liquid medicine according to the weight ratio of water and abamectin 1000:1, and spray it by spraying, spraying every ^10M2 area The amount of liquid medicine is about 150g;

3. By adopting common plant protection management methods to effectively monitor water and fertilizer management, establish and promote astragalus (A.tatsienens s), snow ganoderma (A.bryophylla), rhododendron (R.cephaltanhoides) and/or Or creeping Rhododendron (R.erastum) and other plants maintain a good growth and development state and form a rich vegetation tender root system; use the nutrient conservation bags of common crop breeding to cultivate seedlings and cultivate them in cultivation sheds to grow in alpine meadows with well-developed root systems Seedlings of perennial Astragalus membranaceus, mossy Snow Ganoderma lucidum, Rhododendron quasi-leaf and/or Rhododendron creeping, transplanted and replanted to the captive farm of the bat moth in a greenhouse for dense planting;

4. Put 10 pairs of fertilized eggs produced after mating of adults of the bat moth per hectare into the captive farm of the bat moth. up to 95%, and pupate in May of the following year; when the bat moths emerge as adults from June to August, by capturing the adult bat moths in the greenhouse bat moth captivity and letting them mate and lay eggs, the hatching rate is as high as 97%. There are about 1.48 million eggs of the bat moth. After testing, none of the harvested bat moth eggs carried or were infected with entomogenic fungi.

Embodiment two:

1. Establish a captive breeding ground for bat moths in alpine habitats on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau that are suitable for the genus Batmoth; according to the management methods of conventional greenhouses, control the soil humidity in the greenhouse to 50% to 95%, and the relative air humidity to 70% to 95%; In the summer and autumn seasons, the temperature of the soil and air in the captive field of bat moths in greenhouses is adjusted to 10°C ± 6°C through the vents; in the winter and spring seasons, ordinary domestic or industrial solar water heaters are used to generate and store hot water in the thermal storage tank during the day. At night, as heat energy, the temperature in the greenhouse is adjusted to 10°C ± 6°C through the radiators distributed in the greenhouse;

2. After setting up the captive farm of bat moths in greenhouses, spray carbendazim in the captive farms of bat moths in greenhouses to carry out fungicidal treatment, and prepare medicinal liquid according to the weight ratio of water and carbendazim 1000: 2.8, which can be sprayed by spraying. 10M ² area spraying liquid medicine amount is 115g; And carry out landfill blockage to mouse hole and release poisonous rodenticide bait to carry out rodent control, in the poisonous rodent bait, the weight ratio of bait and tetraphosphorus is 100:0.18, every 10M ² Place 5 piles of poisonous rodent bait in the area, each pile of poisonous bait weighs 18g; at the same time, cast the poisonous bait of Mirex for the treatment of termites, the weight ratio of bait and poisonous mirex in the poisonous bait is 100:0.1, place the poisonous bait of termites per ^10M2 area 8 heaps, each heap weight is 2g; and cast Wanqiang to kill insects and nematodes, prepare the liquid medicine according to the weight ratio of water and Wanqiang 1000:2, and use the irrigation method to release it. The amount of medicine used per ^10M2 area is about 160g; Spray Abamectin to kill parasitic bees and parasitic flies, prepare liquid medicine according to the weight ratio of water and Abamectin 1000:5, spray method can be used, and the amount of liquid medicine sprayed per ^10M2 area is about 110g;

3. By adopting common plant protection management methods to effectively monitor water and fertilizer management, establish and promote the cultivation of Polygonum tenuifolium (P. tenuifolium), Saussurea laniceps, Festuca ovina and/or Potentilla fruticosa ) and other plants maintain a good growth and development state and form a rich vegetation tender root system; adopt the nutrient conservation bags of common crop breeding to cultivate seedlings, and cultivate them in cultivation sheds to grow perennial thin-leaved Polygonum villosa and Cotton spp. in alpine meadows with developed root systems The small plant seedlings of snow lotus, sheep's spear and/or wintersweet are transplanted and replanted to the greenhouse bat moth captive farm for dense planting;

4. Put 10 pairs of Menyuan bat moths and 15 pairs of Gongga bat moth adults into each hectare of greenhouse bat moth captive farms. The hatched larvae of the fertilized eggs produced after mating respectively, the bat moth larvae grow and develop from the 1st instar to the 6th to 8th instar The period only needs 390 days, and the survival rate of bat moth larvae reaches 95%, and they will pupate in May of the following year; Mating and laying eggs, harvesting about 3.7 million eggs of Menyuan bat moth and Gongga bat moth with a hatch rate as high as 91%. After testing, none of the harvested bat moth eggs carried or were infected with entomogenic fungi.

Embodiment three:

1. Establish a captive breeding ground for bat moths in alpine habitats on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau that are suitable for the genus Batmoth; according to the management methods of conventional greenhouses, control the soil humidity in the greenhouse to 50% to 95%, and the relative air humidity to 70% to 95%; In the summer and autumn seasons, the temperature of the soil and air in the captive field of bat moths in greenhouses is adjusted to 10°C ± 6°C through the vents; in the winter and spring seasons, ordinary domestic or industrial solar water heaters are used to generate and store hot water in the thermal storage tank during the day. At night, as heat energy, the temperature in the greenhouse is adjusted to 10°C ± 6°C through the radiators distributed in the greenhouse;

2. Within one month after the establishment of the captive breeding ground for bat moths in greenhouses, spray Dasheng 45 for fungicidal treatment, prepare a liquid medicine according to the weight ratio of water and Dasheng 45 1000:2, and spray it by spraying, spraying every ^10M2 area The amount of medicinal solution is 60g; and the mouse hole is landfilled and blocked and the rodenticide bait is used to kill rodents. In the rodenticide bait, the weight ratio of bait to bromotranitine is 100:0.03, and every ^10M2 area Place 12 piles of rodent-killing poisonous baits, each pile of poisonous baits weighs 5g; at the same time, cast ^Mirex poisonous bait for ant-killing treatment. Heap, each heap weight is 8g; And spray Mierle and Wanqiang to carry out insecticidal nematode treatment, prepare liquid medicine according to the weight ratio of water and Mierle and Wanqiang 1000:3, can adopt spraying method to spray, every 10M ² The amount of medicinal solution used in the area is about 50g; spraying abamectin to kill parasitoids and parasitic flies is processed according to the weight ratio of water and abamectin 1000:2, and can be sprayed by spraying, every 10M ² The amount of liquid sprayed on the area is about 100g;

3. By adopting common plant protection management methods to effectively monitor water and fertilizer management, establish and promote the establishment of Polygonum viviparum (P. chamaethomsonii) and other plants maintain a good growth and development state and form a rich vegetation tender root system; the seedlings are cultivated in the nutrient conservation bags of common crop breeding and cultivated in the cultivation shed into an alpine meadow with a well-developed root system. The seedlings of Astragalus membranaceus, Rhubarb and/or Rhododendron yunwu are transplanted and replanted to the captive farm of bat moth in a greenhouse for dense planting;

4. Put the fertilized eggs produced by 7 pairs of guide bat moths and 8 pairs of scholar bat moth adults into each hectare of greenhouse bat moth captive farms. The growth and development of bat moth larvae from the 1st instar to the 6th to 8th instar only needs In 360 days, the survival rate of bat moth larvae reached 92%, and they pupated in May of the following year; when the bat moth emerged as an adult from June to August, by capturing the bat moth adults in the greenhouse bat moth captivity and allowing them to mate and lay eggs, About 2.22 million eggs of guide bat moth and scholar bat moth with a hatch rate of 95% were harvested. After testing, none of the harvested bat moth eggs carried or were infected with entomogenic fungi.

Embodiment four:

1. Establish a captive breeding ground for bat moths in alpine habitats on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau that are suitable for the genus Batmoth; according to the management methods of conventional greenhouses, control the soil humidity in the greenhouse to 50% to 95%, and the relative air humidity to 70% to 95%; In the summer and autumn seasons, the temperature of the soil and air in the captive field of bat moths in greenhouses is adjusted to 10°C ± 6°C through the vents; in the winter and spring seasons, ordinary domestic or industrial solar water heaters are used to generate and store hot water in the thermal storage tank during the day. At night, it is used as heat energy to control the temperature in the greenhouse to be higher than 10℃±6℃ through the radiator distributed in the greenhouse;

2. Within one month after the establishment of the captive farm for bat moths in greenhouses, spray carbendazim for fungicide treatment, prepare a liquid medicine according to the weight ratio of water and carbendazim 1000:3, and spray it by spraying, every ^10M2 area The amount of spraying liquid is 80g; and the rat holes are landfilled and blocked and the rodenticide bait is used to kill rodents. The weight ratio of bait to rodenticide bait is 100:0.03, every 10M ² Place 10 piles of rodent-killing poisonous bait, each ^pile of poisonous bait weighs 6g; at the same time, cast Mirex poisonous bait for ant-killing treatment. 6 heaps of poisonous baits, each pile of weight is 8g; ^10M2 area uses about 80g of liquid medicine; spray Abamectin to kill parasitic wasps and parasitic flies, and prepare liquid medicine according to the weight ratio of water and Abamectin 1000:3, which can be sprayed by spraying method. 10M ² area of spraying liquid is about 120g;

3. By adopting common plant protection management methods to effectively monitor water and fertilizer management, establish and promote the establishment of Polygonum polyphyllum (P. S.faxoniana) and/or dwarf rhododendron (R.pumilum) and other plants maintain a good growth and development state and form a rich vegetation tender root system; use the usual crop breeding nutrient conservation bags to cultivate seedlings and cultivate them in a cultivation shed to develop a well-developed root system Seedlings of perennial Polygonum anus, Astragalus Lengdi, Qinghai-Tibet willow, late-flowering willow and/or dwarf rhododendron in the alpine meadow, transplanted and replanted to the bat moth captive farm in a greenhouse for dense planting;

4. Put 20 pairs of fertilized eggs produced by mating adults of Menyuan bat moth into each hectare of greenhouse bat moth captive farms. It only takes 380 days for the growth and development of bat moth larvae from the 1st instar to the 6th to 8th instar, and the survival rate of bat moth larvae reaches 94%, and pupated in May of the following year; when the bat moths emerged as adults from June to August, by capturing the adult bat moths in the greenhouse bat moth captivity and allowing them to mate and lay eggs, the hatching rate was as high as 96%. There are about 2.9 million eggs of the source bat moth and guide bat moth. After testing, none of the harvested bat moth eggs carried or were infected with entomogenic fungi.

Embodiment five:

1. Establish a captive breeding ground for bat moths in alpine habitats on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau that are suitable for the genus Batmoth; according to the management methods of conventional greenhouses, control the soil humidity in the greenhouse to 50% to 95%, and the relative air humidity to 70% to 95%; In the summer and autumn seasons, the temperature of the soil and air in the captive field of bat moths in greenhouses is adjusted to 10°C ± 6°C through the vents; in the winter and spring seasons, ordinary domestic or industrial solar water heaters are used to generate and store hot water in the thermal storage tank during the day. At night, as heat energy, the temperature in the greenhouse is adjusted to 10°C ± 6°C through the radiators distributed in the greenhouse;

2. Within one month after the establishment of the captive breeding ground for bat moths in greenhouses, spray Dasheng 45 for fungicidal treatment, prepare a liquid medicine according to the weight ratio of water and Dasheng 45 1000:2, and spray it by spraying, spraying every ^10M2 area The amount of liquid medicine is 30g; and the rat hole is buried and blocked and the rodenticide bait is used for rodent control. The weight ratio of bait and warfarin in the rodenticide bait is 100:0.05, and the rodenticide bait is placed every ^10M2 area 6 piles, the weight of each pile of poisonous bait is 15g; at the same time, the poisonous bait of ^Mirex is used to kill the termites. The weight is 3g; and the treatment of insecticide source nematodes is carried out by spraying clematin, and the liquid medicine is prepared according to the weight ratio of water and clematine 1000:4, which can be sprayed by spraying, and the amount of liquid medicine used per ^10M2 area is about 130g Spray Abamectin to kill parasitic bees and parasitic flies, prepare medicinal liquid according to the weight ratio of water and Abamectin 1000: 4, spray method can be used, and the amount of medicinal liquid sprayed per ^10M2 area is about 60g;

3. By adopting common plant protection management methods to effectively monitor water and fertilizer management, establish and promote the cultivation of Polygonum tenuifolium, P. macrophyllum, S. Montana, and Snow Lotus. Plants such as Saussurea laniceps, R. chamaethomsonii and/or R. microgynum maintain a good growth and development state and form a rich vegetation tender root system; adopt the nutrient bag breeding of common crop breeding The seedlings are cultivated in the alpine meadow with well-developed root system in the cultivation shed to grow the seedlings of the perennial Polygonum spp. Replanting to the greenhouse bat moth captive field dense planting;

4. Put 12 pairs of hatched larvae from the fertilized eggs produced by mating of Gongga bat moth adults in each hectare of greenhouse bat moth captive farms. It only takes 380 days for the growth and development of bat moth larvae from the 1st instar to the 6th to 8th instar. The survival rate of larvae reached 92%, and they pupated in May of the following year; when the bat moths emerged as adults from June to August, by capturing the adult bat moths in the captive farm of bat moths and allowing them to mate and lay eggs, the harvest hatching rate was as high as There are about 1.75 million eggs of 93% of the bat moth Laji and bat moth Gongga. After testing, none of the harvested bat moth eggs carried or were infected with entomogenic fungi.

Embodiment six:

1. Establish a captive breeding ground for bat moths in the alpine habitat of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is suitable for the genus Batmoth, and adjust the ventilation and humidity; according to the management methods of conventional greenhouses, control the soil humidity in the greenhouse to 50% to 95%, and the air is relatively low. The humidity is 70% to 95%; in summer and autumn, the temperature of the soil and air in the greenhouse bat moth captive farm is adjusted to 10°C ± 6°C through the vents; in winter and spring, ordinary domestic or industrial solar water heaters are used to generate and store heat during the day. The water is stored in the heat preservation water storage tank, and the temperature in the greenhouse is adjusted to 10°C ± 6°C at night as heat energy through the radiators distributed in the greenhouse;

2. Within one month after the establishment of the bat moth captive farm in the greenhouse, spray carbendazim for fungicidal treatment, prepare a liquid medicine according to the weight ratio of water and carbendazim 1000:3.5, and spray it by spraying, every ^10M2 area The amount of spraying liquid is 100g; and the rat holes are landfilled ^and blocked and the rodent killing poison bait is used for rodent control. 3 piles of poisonous rat bait, ^each pile of poisonous bait weighed 18g; at the same time, the poisonous bait of Mirex was used to kill the termites. The weight of each heap is 6g; and spraying cartap carries out the treatment of insecticide source nematodes, prepares liquid medicine according to the weight ratio of water and cartap 1000: 2.5, can adopt spraying method to spray, and every 10M ² area uses liquid medicine amount about It is 80g; Spray Abamectin to kill parasitoid bees and parasitic flies, prepare medicinal liquid according to the weight ratio of water and Abamectin 1000:2, spray method can be used, and the amount of medicinal liquid sprayed per ^10M2 area About 150g;

3. By adopting common plant protection management methods to effectively monitor water and fertilizer management, establish vegetation with lush growth of herbaceous plants, especially to promote the growth of Polygonum (P.macrophyllum), Saxifraga melanocentra and Rhododendron (R. microgynum) and other plants maintain a good growth and development state and form a rich vegetation tender root system; the seedlings are cultivated in the nutrient conservation bag of common crop breeding and cultivated in the cultivation shed into an alpine meadow with a well-developed root system. Seedlings of saxifrage and Rhododendron brevifolia, transplanted and replanted to the captive farm of the bat moth in the greenhouse for dense planting;

4. Put 22 guide bat moth pupae into each hectare greenhouse bat moth captive farm. These bat moth pupae will mate and lay eggs and hatch larvae after emergence from June to August. The bat moth larvae grow and develop from the 1st instar to 6 It only takes 375 days to reach the 8th instar, and the survival rate of bat moth larvae reaches 95%. They will pupate in May of the following year, and when they emerge as adults from June to August, the adults of bat moths will be captured and mated in the captive farm of bat moths in greenhouses. Lay eggs and harvest 1.6 million eggs of the guide bat moth with a hatch rate as high as 96%. After testing, none of the harvested bat moth eggs carried or were infected with entomogenic fungi.

Embodiment seven:

1. Establish a captive breeding ground for bat moths in alpine habitats on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau that are suitable for the genus Batmoth; according to the management methods of conventional greenhouses, control the soil humidity in the greenhouse to 50% to 95%, and the relative air humidity to 70% to 95%; In the summer and autumn seasons, the temperature of the soil and air in the captive field of bat moths in greenhouses is adjusted to 10°C ± 6°C through the vents; in the winter and spring seasons, ordinary domestic or industrial solar water heaters are used to generate and store hot water in the thermal storage tank during the day. At night, as heat energy, the temperature in the greenhouse is adjusted to 10°C ± 6°C through the radiators distributed in the greenhouse;

2. Within one month after the establishment of the greenhouse bat moth captive farm, spray thiophanate for fungicidal treatment, prepare a liquid medicine according to the weight ratio of water and thiophanate 1000:1.5, and spray it by spraying, spraying every ^10M2 area The amount of liquid medicine is 120g; and the mouse hole is buried and blocked and the rodenticide bait is used for rodent control. The weight ratio of the bait to the rodentate sodium in the rodenticide bait is 100:0.06, and the rodenticide bait is placed every ^10M2 area 4 piles, the weight of each pile of poisonous bait is 18g; at the same time, the poisonous bait of Mirex is used to kill the termites. The weight ratio of bait and ^Mirex in the poisonous bait is 100:0.08. Weight is 5g; and spray nematode clear to carry out the treatment of entomopathogenic nematodes, prepare medicinal liquid according to the weight ratio of water and nematode clear 1000:3, can adopt spraying method to spray, and every 10M ² area uses medicinal liquid amount to be about 180g; Spray Abamectin is used to kill parasitic wasps and parasitic flies, and the liquid medicine is prepared according to the weight ratio of water and abamectin 1000:3, which can be sprayed by spraying, and the amount of liquid medicine sprayed per ^10M2 area is about 120g;

3. By adopting common plant protection management methods to effectively monitor water and fertilizer management, establish and promote the maintenance of plants such as A.frigidus, Rheumpumilum, Rhododendron rupicola and R.pumilum. Good growth and development state and a rich tender root system of vegetation; the seedlings are cultivated in the nutrient conservation bag of common crop breeding and cultivated in the cultivation shed into an alpine meadow with a well-developed root system, growing perennial astragalus membranaceus, rhubarb and rhododendron and dwarf Rhododendron small plant seedlings, transplanted and replanted to the greenhouse bat moth captive farm for dense planting;

4. Put 36 6 to 8-year-old larvae of the bat moth per hectare into the captive farm of the bat moth. After pupating in May of the following year, they will emerge as adults, mate and lay eggs, and hatch the larvae. It only takes 368 days for bat moth larvae to grow and develop from the 1st instar to the 6th to 8th instar. The moth captive farm captures the adults of the bat moth and allows them to mate and lay eggs, harvesting about 2.65 million eggs of the bat moth with a hatch rate as high as 97%. After testing, none of the harvested bat moth eggs carried or were infected with entomogenic fungi.

Embodiment eight:

1. Establish a captive breeding ground for bat moths in alpine habitats on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau that are suitable for the genus Batmoth; according to the management methods of conventional greenhouses, control the soil humidity in the greenhouse to 50% to 95%, and the relative air humidity to 70% to 95%; In the summer and autumn seasons, the temperature of the soil and air in the captive field of bat moths in greenhouses is adjusted to 10°C ± 6°C through the vents; in the winter and spring seasons, ordinary domestic or industrial solar water heaters are used to generate and store hot water in the thermal storage tank during the day. At night, as heat energy, the temperature in the greenhouse is adjusted to 10°C ± 6°C through the radiators distributed in the greenhouse;

2. Within one month after the establishment of the bat moth captive farm in the greenhouse, spray thiophanate and Dasheng 45 to carry out fungicidal treatment, prepare the liquid medicine according to the weight ratio of water, thiophanate and Dasheng 45 1000:3, and spray it by spraying. The amount of liquid medicine sprayed per ^10M2 area is 150g; and the rat holes are landfilled and blocked and bromadiolone rodent bait is used for rodent control. The weight ratio of bait to bromadiolone in the rodent bait is 100:0.15, ² Place 3 piles of poisonous rodent bait in the area, each pile of poisonous bait weighs 18g; at the same time, cast Mirex poisonous bait for termite treatment, the weight ratio of bait to Mirex in the poisonous termite bait is 100:0.06, and place termites per ^10M2 area 6 heaps of poisonous baits, each heap weight is 4g; and spraying abamectin carries out the treatment of entomopathogenic nematode and parasitic wasp parasitic fly, prepares liquid medicine by water and abamectin weight ratio 1000: 4.5, can adopt spraying method to spray, The amount of liquid medicine used per ^10M2 area is about 200g;

3. By adopting common plant protection management methods to effectively monitor water and fertilizer management, establish lush vegetation of herbaceous plants and shrub plants, especially promote the growth of stemless astragalus (A.acaulis), golden wintersweet (Potentilla fruticosa), dwarf rhododendron (R Pumilum) and creeping rhododendron (R.erastum) and other plants maintain a good growth and development state and form a rich vegetation tender root system; use the nutrient conservation bag of common crop breeding to cultivate seedlings and cultivate them into alpine grass with well-developed root system in the cultivation shed Seedlings of perennial stemless Astragalus membranaceus, golden wintersweet, dwarf rhododendron and creeping rhododendron are transplanted and replanted to the greenhouse bat moth captive farm for dense planting;

4. Put 20 bat moth pupae into each hectare of greenhouse bat moth captive farms. These bat moth pupae will mate and lay eggs and hatch larvae after they emerge from June to August. For the fertilized eggs produced, it only takes 370 days for the bat moth larvae to grow from the 1st instar to the 6th to 8th instar, and the survival rate of the bat moth larvae reaches 93.5%. They pupate in May of the following year and emerge as adults in June to August At that time, about 2.9 million eggs of the bat moth with a hatch rate as high as 94% were harvested by capturing the adults of the bat moth in the greenhouse and letting them mate and lay eggs. The harvested eggs of the bat moth can be used as species for rapid breeding of the bat moth on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. After testing, none of the harvested bat moth eggs carried or were infected with entomogenic fungi.

Embodiment nine:

1. Establish a captive breeding ground for bat moths in alpine habitats on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau that are suitable for the genus Batmoth; according to the management methods of conventional greenhouses, control the soil humidity in the greenhouse to 50% to 95%, and the relative air humidity to 70% to 95%; In the summer and autumn seasons, the temperature of the soil and air in the captive field of bat moths in greenhouses is adjusted to 10°C ± 6°C through the vents; in the winter and spring seasons, ordinary domestic or industrial solar water heaters are used to generate and store hot water in the thermal storage tank during the day. At night, as heat energy, the temperature in the greenhouse is adjusted to 10°C ± 6°C through the radiators distributed in the greenhouse;

2. Within one month after the establishment of the bat moth captive farm in the greenhouse, spray carbendazim for fungicidal treatment, prepare a liquid medicine according to the weight ratio of water and carbendazim 1000:2, and spray it by spraying, every ^10M2 area The amount of spraying liquid is 100g; and the rat holes are landfilled and blocked, and the rodent control bait is applied for rodent control. The weight ratio of bait to Dalong in the rodent control bait is 100:0.1, and the rodent control bait is placed every ^10M2 area 7 piles, the weight of each pile of poisonous bait is 12g; at the same time, ^the poisonous bait of Mirex is used for the treatment of termites. The weight is 3g; and spray Wanqiang to kill insects and nematodes, and prepare a liquid medicine according to the weight ratio of water and Wanqiang 1000:4, which can be sprayed by spraying, and the amount of medicine used per ^10M2 area is about 150g; spraying A Vermectin is used to kill parasitic wasps and parasitic flies, and the liquid medicine is prepared according to the weight ratio of water and avermectin at 1000:5, which can be sprayed by spraying, and the amount of liquid medicine sprayed per ^10M2 area is about 90g;

3. By adopting common plant protection management methods to effectively monitor water and fertilizer management, establish and promote plants such as Polygonum viviparum (P.viviparum), Rheumpumilum (Rheumpumilum) and/or Rhododendron (R.chamaethomsonii) to maintain a good growth and development state and form Rich vegetation tender root system; use the nutrient conservation bags of common crop breeding to cultivate seedlings and cultivate them in cultivation sheds to grow perennial Polygonum viburnum, Astragalus membranaceus, small rhododendron and/or rhododendron cloud in the alpine meadow with well-developed root system Seedlings are transplanted and replanted to the greenhouse bat moth captive farm for dense planting;

4. Put 16 pairs of fertilized eggs produced after mating of adult bat moths into each hectare of greenhouse bat moth captive farms. It only takes 385 days for the growth and development of bat moth larvae from the 1st instar to the 6th to 8th instar, and the survival rate of bat moth larvae reaches 92%, and pupated in May of the following year; when the bat moths emerged as adults from June to August, by capturing the adult bat moths in the greenhouse bat moth captivity and allowing them to mate and lay eggs, the hatching rate was as high as 94%. The source of bat moth eggs is 2.36 million grains. After testing, none of the harvested bat moth eggs carried or were infected with entomogenic fungi.

Embodiment ten:

1. Establish a captive breeding ground for bat moths in alpine habitats on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau that are suitable for the genus Batmoth; according to the management methods of conventional greenhouses, control the soil humidity in the greenhouse to 50% to 95%, and the relative air humidity to 70% to 95%; In the summer and autumn seasons, the temperature of the soil and air in the captive field of bat moths in greenhouses is adjusted to 10°C ± 6°C through the vents; in the winter and spring seasons, ordinary domestic or industrial solar water heaters are used to generate and store hot water in the thermal storage tank during the day. At night, as heat energy, the temperature in the greenhouse is adjusted to 10°C ± 6°C through the radiators distributed in the greenhouse;

2. Within one month after the establishment of the captive farm for bat moths in greenhouses, spray thiophanate for fungicidal treatment, prepare a liquid medicine according to the weight ratio of water and thiophanate 1000:5, and spray it by spraying, spraying every ^10M2 area The amount of liquid medicine is 160g; and the rat holes are landfilled and blocked, and ratifin and Dalong rodent control bait are used for rodent control. The weight ratio of bait to ratatamine and Dalong rodent bait is 100:0.3, per 10M ² Place 2 piles of poisonous rodent bait in the area, each ^pile of poisonous bait weighs 25g; at the same time, cast the poisonous bait of Mirex to eliminate the termites. 12 heaps of poisonous baits, each heap weight is 1g; and spraying avermectin to kill insect disease source nematodes and parasitic wasps and parasitic flies is processed, and the medicinal liquid is prepared according to the weight ratio of water and abamectin of 1000:6, which can be sprayed by spraying. The amount of liquid medicine used per ^10M2 area is about 220g;

3. By adopting common plant protection management methods to effectively monitor water and fertilizer management, establish lush vegetation of shrub plants, especially to promote plants such as Rheum pumilum and Potentilla fruticosa to maintain a good growth and development state and form Rich vegetation tender root system; the seedlings are cultivated in the nutrient conservation bags of common crop breeding and cultivated in the cultivation shed to grow perennial small rhubarb and golden wintersweet small plant seedlings in the alpine meadow with developed root system, transplanted and replanted in the greenhouse Close planting in moth captive farms;

4. Put the fertilized eggs produced by 18 pairs of adult guide moths after mating in each hectare of greenhouse bat moth captive farms. It only takes 365 days for the growth and development of bat moth larvae from the 1st instar to the 6th to 8th instar. The survival rate of bat moth larvae up to 94%, and pupate in May of the following year; when the bat moths emerge as adults from June to August, the hatching rate can be as high as 96% by catching the adult bat moths in the captive farm of bat moths and allowing them to mate and lay eggs There are about 2.6 million eggs of the guide bat moth. After testing, none of the harvested bat moth eggs carried or were infected with entomogenic fungi.

Claims (6)

1. a method of utilizing solar energy to breed bat moth ovum in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the method comprises: in the alpine habitat of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the meadow grass vegetation zone and/or the shrub plant vegetation zone, the usual glass Greenhouses and/or plastic film greenhouses are used as bat moth captive farms; according to the growth and development of bat moths, the temperature and humidity of the soil and air in the greenhouse bat moth captive farms are adjusted, and solar water heaters are used to generate and store hot water during the day in winter and spring At night, it is used as heat energy through the radiator to control the temperature of the greenhouse to be higher than 4°C; by controlling and reducing the damage of the natural enemies of the bat moth to the bat moth, and through effective monitoring of water, fertilizer management and plant dense planting, the herbaceous plants in the greenhouse bat moth captivity are promoted. and/or shrub plants maintain good growth and development and form a rich and well-developed vegetation tender root system to provide food for bat moth larvae, while releasing eggs and/or larvae and/or pupae of bat moths to promote The number and breeding density of moth larvae; after the bat moth completes a life cycle generation alternation, when the bat moth emerges as an adult from June to August every year, the adults of the bat moth are captured in the captive farm of the bat moth and harvested after mating and laying eggs fertilized bat moth eggs. 2. according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the concrete steps of the method are as follows: (1), in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau alpine habitat Batmoth genus insect suitable habitat meadow grass vegetation area and/or shrub plant vegetation area, set up the usual glass greenhouse and/or plastic film greenhouse as the bat moth captive field, according to the routine The method for greenhouse management is to control the soil humidity in the greenhouse to be 50% to 95%, and the relative air humidity to be 70% to 95%; in summer and autumn, adjust and control the temperature of the soil and air in the greenhouse bat moth captivity to 10% in summer and autumn. ℃ ± 6 ℃; in winter and spring, the usual solar water heater is used to generate and store hot water in the heat preservation water storage tank during the day, and at night as heat energy, the temperature in the greenhouse can be adjusted to 10 ℃ ± 6 ℃ through the radiator distributed in the greenhouse; (2), after the establishment of the bat moth captive farm in a greenhouse, control and kill the entomogenic fungi by spraying fungicides in the bat moth captive field, and fill and block the rat holes in the bat moth captive field and release rodenticide to trap and kill For rodent control, ant killers, nematodes, parasitoids and parasitic flies are used to control and reduce the harm of insect-growing fungi and natural enemies of bat moths to bat moths bred in captive farms; (3) By adopting the common plant protection management methods of modern agriculture to effectively monitor water, fertilizer management and plant close planting, promote the herb and/or shrub plants in the bat moth captivity to maintain a good growth and development state and form abundant vegetation tender roots system to provide food for the bat moth larvae and create a good ecological environment for the continuous growth and development of the bat moth larvae; to cultivate the seedlings in the nutrient conservation bags of common crop breeding and plant them in the cultivation shed to grow alpine meadow herbaceous plants with well-developed roots And/or the small plant seedlings of shrub plants are transplanted and replanted to the greenhouse bat moth captive farm; (4), by releasing bat moth eggs and/or larvae and/or pupae in greenhouse bat moth captive farms, the number and breeding density of bat moth larvae raised in captivity; after experiencing bat moth completion of a life cycle generation alternation, bat moth The larvae grow and develop from the 1st instar to the 6th to 8th instar after 360d to 390d, and pupate in May of the following year; when the bat moth emerges as an adult from June to August every year, the bat moth is captured in the greenhouse bat moth captive farm Adults and after mating and laying eggs, the fertilized bat moth eggs produced are harvested. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said bat moths include: Cordyceps bat moth, Menyuan bat moth, Yushu bat moth, Laji bat moth, Gongga bat moth, guide bat moth , Bat moth obliquus, bat moth white horse, man branch moth, bat moth Deqin, Altai bat moth, such as bat moth and scholar bat moth one or more. 4. according to the method for claim 2, it is characterized in that the fungicide described in step (2) comprises: one or more in carbendazim, thiophanate, Dasheng 45; Drugs include: one or more of zinc phosphide, tetramethine, bromotramethine, Dalong, diquatate, voltame, warfarin, and bromadiolone; the ant-killing drug It is Mirex; the insecticidal nematode drug includes: one or more of Kelanin, Abamectin, Mierle, Wanqiang, Nematocide, and cartap; the parasiticidal The insecticide for bees and parasitic flies is abamectin. 5. according to the described method of claim 4, it is characterized in that the use concentration of described fungicide is: the weight ratio of water and fungicide in the medicinal liquid is 1000: 1.5～5, every 10M ^Area spraying medicinal liquid amount The concentration of the rodenticide is 20-160g; the concentration of rodenticide used is: the weight ratio of bait to rodenticide in the rodenticide bait is 100:0.02-0.3, and ^2-12 piles of rodenticide bait are placed per 10M2 area, and the weight of each pile of poisonous bait is 5 ~25g; the concentration of Mirex used is: the weight ratio of bait to Mirex in the Mirex bait is 100:0.02~0.3, put 2~ ¹² piles of Mirex bait per 10M2 area, and the weight of each pile is 1~8g; The use concentration of insecticidal nematodes is: the weight ratio of water and medicine in the liquid medicine is 1000: 2-6, and the amount of liquid medicine used per ^10M2 area is 50-220g; the use concentration of insecticides for killing parasitic wasps and parasitic flies is : The weight ratio of water and insecticide in the liquid medicine is 1000: 2-6, and the spraying amount per ^10M2 area is 60-210g. 6. according to the described method of claim 2, it is characterized in that the herbaceous plant described in the step (3) comprises: Glacier Polygonum, Polygonum spp. Astragalus membranaceus, Radix Astragalus membranaceus, Astragalus membranaceus from Baima Snow Mountain, Astragalus membranaceus Dajianlu, Astragalus membranaceus long stem from Yunnan, Rhubarb rhubarb, Ganoderma lancang, Ganoderma lucidum moss, Saxifraga saxifrage, Mountain saxifrage, Saussurea fragrans and sheep spear One or more of them; the shrub plants include: Qinghai-Tibet mat willow, late-flowering mat willow, golden wintersweet, Rhododendron violet, Rhododendron spp. One or more of Rhododendron, Dwarf Rhododendron and Creeping Rhododendron.