CN1906001B - Method and apparatus for pre-arranging powder to form tiles or slabs - Google Patents

Abstract

A plant (1) for prearranging powders (33) for forming ceramic tiles or slabs, comprising means (3) for feeding the powders (33), a hopper (34), and a movable fall-on surface (2, 200, 250) positioned below the hopper (34), to receive the powders (33) discharged from the hopper (34.) and advance them along an advancement direction, said hopper (34) io presenting a prismatic shape having a front face(43a) and a rear face (34b) which lie opposite each other transverse to the advancement direction of the fall-on surface (2, 200, 250), the distance (B) between said faces (43a, 34b) being substantially equal to the thickness (S) of the powder strip (100, 100') to be compacted deposited on said surface (2, 200), said powder strip (100, 100') reproducing the same arrangement as the mixture of powders (33) within the hopper (34).

Description

Method and apparatus for pre-arranging powder to form tiles or slabs

technical field

The present invention relates to a pre-layout method and apparatus for forming tiles and slabs.

Background technique

Research in the field of ceramics is currently aimed at obtaining products that imitate natural stones such as marble and granite. These products are characterized by the presence of a continuous random pattern of grain extending through the entire thickness of the board.

Such tiles or slabs are produced by compacting semi-dry atomized ground or regranulated powders in a prearranged or arbitrary manner mixed together by hydraulic presses.

Specifically, the powder mixture is deposited by suitable means in the forming cavity of the hard steel die provided in the extruder and then extruded to obtain the product.

The same applicant has devised a method of brick formation which is described in Italian patent application RE2001A000129.

The method consists in depositing in a hopper a mixture of powders of different properties in a prearranged and/or arbitrary manner in order to create in the hopper a pile of powders that provide textures that are differently arranged within the pile, both in the translational direction of the support as well as in its vertical direction directionally the funnel has a discharge mouth with dimensions equal to the dimensions of the die cavity in the forming extruder; the part continuously withdrawn from the powder pile has dimensions equal to a fraction of the dimension of the funnel mouth in the direction of translation of the support, and in Vertically having the same dimensions as the mouth of the funnel, whereby the entire layer of powder is withdrawn from the pile shown; said layer is deposited in a neat manner inside said at least one cavity by means of the holder, and the powder is pressed.

The described method is achieved by including a fixed funnel for containing a powder mixture exhibiting an overall texture imitating natural stone. The lower mouth of the hopper having the same planar dimensions as the cavity of the forming extruder is associated with movable means, such as a customary device holder, arranged for depositing in the cavity successive powder fractions withdrawn from the hopper until the cavity is completely filled until full.

Document EP1110689 discloses a brick extrusion press comprising an extrusion die in which a charging device (14, 114) pours the powder to be extruded. The charging device (14, 114) in turn comprises a charging box (18, 118) having a bottom (37, 137) which is opened on command and which is in a charging position outside the press and in a Runs within the position for pouring into the mould. The box in its filling position is the proximal device (15, 16, 17, 115, 116, 117) into which the powder to be extruded is fed, and the bottom of the box in its pouring position is open for pouring the powder into the mold Inside. In one embodiment, the tank bottom is made with a plurality of parallel plates (37) that rotate on command between a smooth closed position and an inclined dumping position. In another embodiment, the open bottom is made with a running gate (137).

Document WO9823424 discloses a method for pressing powdered material in order to obtain bricks, comprising distributing powder (1 ) on a flexible conveying device (3) and advancing said powder along an advancing direction through a pressing station (13) , said powder contained on said conveying device (3) by means of accommodating means in said extrusion station (13), said powder (1) being extruded in said extrusion station (13) , characterized in that said containment means act on the powder to be extruded during said advancement and that those containment means continue to act during said extrusion. The compacted layer (14) is conveyed towards the die arrangement (4) and by lowering the punch (18) at the die arrangement (4) towards the bottom (19) the part (22) of the compacted layer (14) is cut off and pressed ).

Although they work well, the aforementioned methods and devices are not very general.

In this respect, they represent disadvantages and deficiencies if there is a need for bricks of different sizes or large surface sizes. This is because the perimeter of the lower mouth of the funnel is fixed in conformity with the surface dimensions of the mold cavity.

Current technology is increasingly aimed at obtaining tiles or slabs with different dimensions according to market demands. Therefore, the need is strongly felt for more versatile devices and methods capable of enabling rapid changes in brick or panel form within the framework of a simple and rational solution, while avoiding those long interruptions in the production process that are common in known technologies.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for forming tiles or slabs, particularly but not exclusively, in an extruder of continuous type.

Contents of the invention

The above objects are achieved by the method of the present invention. The present invention provides a method of forming tiles or slabs comprising the steps of feeding a powder mixture having different properties and/or colors to a hopper having the shape of a cuboid having means defined between the front and the back of the hopper holes and discharge holes; through the discharge holes, a strip of powder present in the funnel is deposited onto the lower falling surface advancing in the forward direction; the strip has the same width and thickness as the discharge holes of the funnel; compacting the A powder belt, characterized in that compaction occurs on the drop-on surface.

According to a further aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for forming tiles or slabs, having structural and functional characteristics in order to meet the aforementioned needs, while avoiding said disadvantages of the known technology. Apparatus for pre-arranging powder for forming tiles or slabs, comprising: feeding means for feeding powders of different properties and/or colours; a cuboid-shaped funnel with a a device hole and a discharge hole for receiving powder arriving from the feeding device; a movable drop-on surface placed below the discharge hole of the funnel at a given distance S from the bottom of the front, so as to receive the powder discharged from the discharge hole and to The form of a powder ribbon of thickness S to be compacted advances the powder in the direction of advance; means for compacting the powder ribbon, characterized in that the means for compacting are placed above the falling surface.

Description of drawings

Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent on the basis of reading the ensuing description, provided by way of non-limiting examples, with the aid of the views shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a first embodiment of a device according to the invention;

Figure 2 is a front view of the apparatus of Figure 1, with the funnel shown in section;

Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of the invention;

Figure 4 illustrates a method of using the device of Figure 1;

Figures 5 and 6 illustrate two applications of alternative methods using the apparatus of Figure 1;

Figure 7 shows a third embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 8 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

Figures 9A-9E illustrate alternative configurations of the discharge aperture of the funnel of the present invention;

Figure 10 shows a further embodiment of the device of the invention.

Detailed ways

Referring to said views, the reference number 1 indicates as a whole an apparatus for forming tiles or slabs according to the invention.

According to one embodiment of the invention, said device 1 comprises a drop-on surface, in this example a conveyor belt 2 , on which is placed a device, indicated in its entirety at 3 , for feeding a mixture of powders 33 In order to produce a continuous or discontinuous powder belt 100 on the belt 2, the suction scraping system 4, the continuous extrusion station 5 and the cutting station 6.

Said means for feeding a mixture of powders 33 comprise in the example of FIG. 1 three conduits 32 for feeding powders 33 of different properties and/or colours, a collection surface 31 for the powders and a pusher 30 .

Three conduits 32 are fed with atomized powder 33 by a feed system not shown, each conduit 32 being fed with a powder 33 of a different color than the powder of the remaining conduits. Alternatively, several conduits 32 can be fed with powder of the same colour, or a preformed mixture of powders of different colours, provided all conduits contain powders of at least two different colours.

Although the supply conduits 32 are three in number in the illustrated example, they could be larger or smaller in number if desired.

The guide tubes 32 are respectively slidably supported on the guides 320 perpendicular to the axis of the conveyor belt 2 .

The powder 33 is deposited on the collection surface 31 through the feed conduit 32 in a prearranged or arbitrary manner.

The way the powder 33 is distributed on the collecting surface 31 can be controlled by modifying the sequence and timing of opening of the different dispensing conduits 32 provided with not shown closing gate valves.

For example, a suitable horizontal path traversed by the conduit 32 over the collection surface 31 can replicate a grain-type slab of natural stone. It is however possible to use a fixed powder supply conduit, although the use of a movable conduit is preferred.

The collection surface 31 is arranged substantially horizontal and is preferably provided with opposite vertical side walls 36 for holding the powder 33 .

The impeller 30 , shown in section in the figure, is placed above the collection surface 31 transverse to the two side walls 36 .

The bottom of the pusher 30 is in contact with the powder fall-on surface of the collection surface 31 and is movable between a retracted position and an advanced position, operated by known and therefore not shown means.

The pusher 30 moves in the direction of movement of the underlying belt 2 .

The pusher 30 can be replaced by a movable disc 301 ( FIG. 7 ) which pushes the powder 33 on the collection surface 31 .

At the free edge of the collecting surface 31, that is to say at the edge opposite to the edge occupied by the pusher 30 when the pusher 30 is in the retracted position, there is a collection area which receives the movement of the pusher 30 from its retracted position to its advanced position. A funnel 34 for propelled powder 33 .

The funnel 34 is positioned vertically on the movable drop-on surface which in this example is the belt 2, while the device hole 37 is placed close to the free edge of the collection surface 31 and the discharge hole 38 is placed above the belt 2 in the vicinity of the belt, however avoiding contact with the belt 2. The surfaces of strip 2 are in direct contact.

Advantageously, said funnel 34 exhibits a prismatic shape with two opposing faces substantially perpendicular to the direction of advancement of the belt 2 , said faces at a distance substantially equal to the thickness "S" of the powder belt 100 to be compacted. "B" is placed separately.

Preferably, as shown, the funnel 34 has the shape of a cuboid with two larger faces, namely, the front 34a and the rear 34b, perpendicular to the direction of advancement of the belt 2, and said faces are substantially equal to the A distance "B" of the thickness of the continuous powder ribbon 100 to be compacted is placed apart.

The height of the funnel 34 ( FIG. 1 ), which is just less than the distance between the collecting surface 31 and the plane of advancement of the belt 2, is selected on the basis of the dimensions of the device 1 in order to ensure that the powder 33 is along the entire width of the discharge hole 38 ( FIG. 2 ). L" exists.

The distance "L" between those funnel faces parallel to the direction of advancement is equal to the desired width of the continuous powder belt 100, and the height dimension H is chosen roughly on the basis of the funnel width L, which is from 0.2L to 2L, preferably from 0.5L It changes to 1.5L.

According to a preferred alternative embodiment of the present invention, the lower end of the rear face 34b of the funnel 34 can be placed at a distance "h1" from the surface of the belt 2 between 0 and S (approximately between 0 and 3 mm), where S is to be pressed The desired thickness of the solid powder belt 100, the front face 34a is positioned at a distance equal to the thickness S of the powder belt 100 to be compacted (FIG. 7).

In order to obtain any thickness S of the powder ribbon 100 to be compacted by the same device 1, it is possible to move the front face 34a along the powder advancing direction so that the distance B between the front face 34a and the rear face 34b is variable.

Alternatively, and equivalently, the rear face 34b or both faces could be moved.

In a further embodiment, the front face 34a and/or the rear face 34b are angled away from a position perpendicular to the drop-on surface to obtain a lower discharge aperture 38 that is wider than the upper fixture aperture 37 (FIGS. 9A-9D).

In this way, the distance between the front face 34a and the rear face 34b of the funnel 34 (equal to "B+d") measured at the discharge aperture 38 is greater than the distance measured at the device aperture 37 (equal to "B"), however, The distance "B+d" at the discharge hole 38 should be less than twice the distance between the discharge hole 38 and the drop-on surface.

Preferably, the difference "d" in the distance between the two faces 34a, 34b at the discharge hole 38 and at the device hole 37 should be between 0 and 5 mm, more preferably between 1 and 3 mm. As an alternative to using a completely flat funnel 34 with its vertical front 34a and back 34b, the funnel faces can be such that their lower ends defining the discharge holes 38 are shaped with radii of curvature Ri, Re (FIG. Discharge from the funnel 34 above, thus preventing the outflow velocity difference that would be encountered with a funnel 34 having a flat surface.

Note that the radius of curvature Ri of the front 34a can vary from 0 to 2 times the thickness of the powder ribbon 100 to be compacted, and the radius of curvature Re of the rear 34b can vary from 2 times the thickness of the powder ribbon 100 to be compacted. to a 4-fold change.

Other configurations are also possible, such as shown in FIGS. 9B, 9C, where the curvature of the inner diameter of curvature Ri and the outer diameter of curvature Re are "backwards" as shown in FIG. The flow slows down and gives the powder 33 exiting the hopper 34 the desired swirl without excessive deformation.

In a further alternative, improving on the previously described scheme in which the ends of the front face 34a and the rear face 34b are shaped to have a radius of curvature, the curved portion of the front face 34a is replaced by a roller 41 which is in contact with the powder 33 The outflow rotates in the same direction and has a radius Ri (Fig. 9F).

Said rotating roller 41 extends axially along the entire width L of the front face 34a, delimits the discharge orifice 38, and is placed such that its surface of revolution is tangential to the inner face of said front face 34a and leaves the surface of the belt 2 equal to the desired powder belt The distance of the thickness S of 100.

The distance "B" at the discharge hole 38 should be substantially equal to the thickness "S" of the powder belt 100 so that the powder 33 can be beneficially conveyed to the belt 2 by means of the rollers 41 while remaining substantially unchanged. Having an arrangement within the funnel 34; this advantage is particularly useful when said arrangement is able to give the powder ribbon 100 a predetermined desired graphic appearance, such as the typical grain of natural stone.

The rotating roller 41 can be mounted idly so that the rotation of the roller 41 is caused by the friction of the powder 33 as it passes through the hopper 34 to the belt 2 .

Alternatively, said roller 41 can be motorized and rotated so that its peripheral speed is equal to and in the same direction as the advancing speed of the belt 2; this can be obtained by connecting the roller 41 to a separate gear motor or connect it to the drive member of the belt 2 via a suitable transmission system.

Secondly, the rotating roller 41 can be braked, that is to say associated with a braking device so that it slows down relative to the outflow speed of the powder 33 in the hopper 34 and thus relative to the speed of the belt 2. Finally, in a further embodiment of the invention In one example, the center plane of the funnel 34 can be inclined with a predetermined inclination "α" relative to the advancing direction of the powder belt 100 to be compacted (FIG. 9D).

This embodiment is particularly advantageous in that said center plane is inclined relative to the conveyor belt 2 in the direction of advancement of the powder belt 100 from the top down, ie with a negative inclination "α" ( FIG. 9E ).

In this case, the actual weight of the powder 33 in the hopper 34 acts substantially only on the rear face 34b, so as to advantageously reduce the mixing of the powder layer located at the front face 34a, said powder layer being defined away from the upper part of the powder belt 100 visible Part of the powder layer.

Thus, this embodiment enables the transfer of said powder layers onto the belt 2 while preventing their excessive deformation when they are placed in the funnel 34 in a predetermined arrangement to give the belt 100 a desired graphic appearance (such as a natural stone texture) . In operation, referring to FIG. 1 , suitably steered supply conduits for powder 33 deposit the powder 33 contained in them onto the collection surface 31 by gravity in order to reproduce the desired texture. When the powder 33 has been deposited on the surface 31, the pusher 30 is driven from its retracted position to its advanced position in order to push the pile of powder 33 towards the funnel 34 placed vertically above the belt 2, then returns to its retracted position and enables the A new unit cycle of powder 33.

The pile of powder 33 gradually settles from its bottom upwards towards the discharge orifice 38 as it reaches the funnel 34 by gravity.

Since the distance between the discharge hole 38 and the surface of the conveyor belt 2 is equal to the thickness "S" of the powder belt 100 to be deposited, the part of the pile of powder 33 that initially falls is deposited directly on the belt 2, which in this case represents the powder 33's fall on the surface.

When the funnel 34 is full, the belt 2 is made to advance in the advancing direction indicated by the arrow in the figure, thus making the funnel 34 empty.

The aforementioned operations can be carried out discontinuously ( FIGS. 4 , 6 ) or continuously ( FIGS. 1 , 5 , 7 ), this latter mode increasing the productivity of the plant 1 .

In other words, the pile of powder 33 continuously deposited in the hopper 34 replicates, by its volume, a slab of natural stone, lying vertically in a direction perpendicular to the belt 2 . This plate, in fact represented by the continuous powder belt 100 , is deposited by gravity on the belt 2 during its advancement, while maintaining the previously obtained arrangement of the powder 33 within the hopper 34 .

Preferably, downstream of the funnel 34 in the direction of advance of the belt, a suction scraping system 4 is placed comprising customary means 40 for scraping the upper surface of the powder belt 100 .

Said suction system 4 , illustrated schematically but not described in detail since it is of a known type, enables a thin superficial layer of powder to be removed from the belt 100 , thereby highlighting the arrangement and contrast of different colored powders present in the powder belt 100 . The powder belt 100 guided by the belt 2 then reaches a continuous extrusion station 5 of also known type. Said pressing station 5 comprises a compacting belt 50 placed above the conveyor belt 2 in order to compact the powder belt 100 and obtain a continuous compacted article.

Basically, compaction takes place between the surface of the conveyor belt 2 and the surface of the parallel compaction belt 50 located above. The powder belt 100 is held laterally on the belt 2 by laterally providing accommodation means parallel to the advancing direction of the belt 2, said accommodation means being in this example two lateral accommodation walls 35 which Only one of the 35 is visible in the figure. The resulting containment wall 35 preferably extends as far as the end of the compaction.

The compaction produced by the compaction belt 50 is sufficient to obtain a compacted article that does not require further compaction, however in some cases the compaction forms a manipulable or disposed pre-compacted article intended for subsequent final compaction.

At the end of the compaction, the article is divided into panels of predetermined dimensions by customary cutting means at the cutting station 6 . In the illustrated example, said cutting station 6 comprises two rotary blades 60 for cutting in a direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of the strip 2, and at least a further two rotary blades 61, of which only one rotary blade 61 Visible in the figure, for cutting compacted items in the advancing direction of the belt 2 .

Preferably, the described device 1 is managed by a processor, not shown, controlling the operations.

According to an alternative embodiment, the device 1 can provide a double system for feeding the funnel 34 ( FIG. 3 ).

Basically, on the side of the device hole 37 of the funnel 34 there is another collecting surface 31', also provided with a feed duct 32' and a pusher 30' for the powder 33', which are the same as those already described and which surround the funnel The axis of 34 is located in a symmetrical position.

With the double feeding means 3 and 3', the operation of both means can simultaneously produce a continuous powder belt 100 on the belt 2, thus improving the continuity of the powder discharge from the hopper 34.

According to a further alternative preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7 , the feed device 3 comprises a powder device hopper 322 and a feed conveyor belt 321 in addition to those already shown in FIG. 1 . In practice, the powder of the basic color from the powder unit hopper 322 and the powder of different properties and/or colors originating from the conduit 32 fall on a substantially horizontally arranged feeding conveyor belt 321, the pre-arranged path being determined by a suitable not shown. Electronic control system control.

The feed belt 321 discharges the powder prepacked in this way onto the collection surface 31 of the powder 33 .

The feed belt 321 can be fixed in one position, or be synchronized (or not) with the stroke of the pusher 30 .

Preferably, the device 1 is provided with a second feeding system 3', which is generally similar to the previous system and arranged symmetrically thereto about a vertical plane of symmetry passing through the funnel 34 (Fig. 7).

In addition, a device head 400 with multiple conduits is placed just above the device hole 37 of the funnel 34, as can be seen in FIG. 7 . The heads 400 are discharged directly into the funnel 34 without passing through the feed belt 321 or the pusher 30 (or the disc 301 ), achieving further effects, especially very thin (fine) and pronounced layers and textures compared to powder piles.

The methods and apparatus for forming tiles and panels of the present invention can also be used to deposit a powder layer 100' on the surface of a continuous monochrome substrate 200 (FIG. The device of the known technology is obtained first.

Said device of known art comprises, for example, a discharge duct 7, a funnel 70, a leveling rod 72 for adjusting the thickness of said substrate 200, and a possible station 80 arranged to provide a slight compaction of the material, in order to avoid the substrate 200 from being mixed with powder. Possible "remixing" of layer 100'.

In this way the textural effect achievable by the method and device 1 of the invention does not extend over the entirety of the final board but only through the surface parts, resulting in savings in color powders which are more expensive than the substrate material.

Basically, the mixture of powders 33 leaving the discharge nozzle 38 of the funnel reaches the substrate 200 which in this second case represents the falling surface of the powders 33 .

A further alternative is shown in FIG. 6 , in which the powder present in the hopper is deposited discontinuously on the brick 201 previously formed by the first discontinuous extrusion system 300 . After application of the surface powder layer 100', the brick 201 is conveyed by means of rollers 303 to a second extrusion system, for example a discontinuous extrusion system 302 (Fig. 6).

In this case, as in other discontinuous operations, it is convenient to provide the hopper 34 with a gate valve, not shown, which can be closed when necessary in order to prevent the outflow of the powder 33 below the discharge hole 38 when the brick is not present. .

In the example shown in FIG. 10 , the device tray 250 is used as the drop-on surface, which is associated with a carriage that slides along the surface 340 with a reciprocating motion to deposit the powder layer 120 withdrawn from the funnel 34 within the chamber 320, which The powder layer 120 is compacted by conventional means such as a punch 350 .

The dimensions of the holder 250 allow the powder layer 120 of the device to have a thickness S equal to the distance B between the faces 34 a, b of the funnel 34 .

In this case, the use of a suitable gate valve can be avoided by alternatively using a closing plate 330 extending from the rear of the holder 250, whereby the discharge hole 38 can be closed even when in the advanced position for depositing the powder layer 120 into the cavity 320 .

According to the invention, as shown in Figure 8, one of the faces of the funnel 34 (the front 34a or the rear 34b) can be constituted by a vertical section of an endless movable belt 39 passing around three rollers, so that in a manner similar to that already described Carries material discharged on it.

Preferably, the peripheral speed of the belt 39 is substantially equal to the speed of the belt 2 .

Alternatively, the belt 39 can convey the agglomerated material into the funnel 34 so that they are deposited on the surface of the powder 100 to be compacted.

From the foregoing description it will be evident that the method and device of the invention enable said needs to be met while overcoming those disadvantages stated in the introductory part of this description with reference to the known art.

In this regard, the method and apparatus of the present invention enable porcelain slabs of desired thickness to be continuously formed with an overall pattern replicating the texture of natural stone.

Also said method and related equipment enable the rapid and efficient transfer of the texture formed in the powder mixture present in the hopper to the porcelain plate.

In addition, the distribution of the powder mixture held in the hopper is used to form the powder ribbon to be compacted.

Claims (33)

1. a method that forms ceramic tile or plate comprises the steps:

-powder (33) mixture that will have different qualities and/or a color is fed to the funnel (34) with rectangular shape, and described funnel (34) has device hole (37) and the discharge orifice (38) that limits between front (34a) at funnel and back (34b);

The band (100, the 100 ') of-powder (33) that will exist in funnel (34) by described discharge orifice (38) deposits on the upper surface that falls (2,200,250) that is positioned at the below that advances along direction of advance;

-described band has width and the thickness identical with the discharge orifice (38) of funnel;

The described powder belt of-compacting (5) (100,100 '),

It is characterized in that described compacting occurs on the upper surface (2,200,250).

2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, feed powder (33) mixture comprises the steps: to the step of funnel (34)

-prepare to collect surperficial (31);

-to arrange in advance and/or any-mode is collected powder or mixture of powders that the deposition different qualities is gone up on surface (31) described, go up and produce a plurality of zones collecting surface (31) thus with described powder or mixture of powders,

-promote to go up the powder that exists by propeller (30) to enter in the funnel (34) on collection surface (31).

3. equipment (1) that is used for arranging in advance the powder (33) that is used to form ceramic tile or plate comprising:

-be used for the feeder (3) of the powder (33) that feed has different qualities and/or color;

The funnel of-rectangular shape (34), it has device hole (37) and the discharge orifice (38) that limits between front (34a) at funnel and back (34b), is used to hold the described powder (33) from feeder (3) arrival;

-removable the upper surface (2,200,250) that falls of being placed on described funnel discharge orifice (38) below for set a distance S with the bottom of distance front (34a) is so that receive from the powder (33) of described discharge orifice (38) discharging and be that the form of the powder belt (100,100 ') of S advances powder (33) along direction of advance with the thickness that will be compacted;

-be used for the device (5) of the described powder belt of compacting (100,100 '),

It is characterized in that the described device (5) that is used for compacting is placed on and describedly falls more than the upper surface (2,200,250).

4. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1) is characterized in that, the lower end of described funnel back (34b) with 0 and S between the distance upper surface that apart falls place.

5. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1), it is characterized in that, described front (34a) and/or back (34b) are removable along the direction of advance of powder belt (100,100 '), so that make the distance (B) between described front (34a) and back (34b) to change.

6. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1) is characterized in that, described front (34a) and/or back (34b) tilts to leave position perpendicular to the upper surface that falls (2,200), makes the size of bottom discharge orifice (38) greater than upper unit hole (37).

7. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1) is characterized in that, the lower end of described front (34a) and/or back (34b) is configured as the have curvature radius of (Ri, Re), makes things convenient for powder on direction of advance (33) to discharge from funnel (34) thus.

8. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1), it is characterized in that, the lower end of back (34b) is configured as the have curvature radius of (Re), rotation roller (41) is associated with the lower end of front (34a), this rotation roller (41) extends axially and places the inner surface that makes its rotary surface be tangential to front (34a) along the whole width of described front (34a), and leaves the distance that upper surface (2,200) equals S.

9. equipment as claimed in claim 8 (1) is characterized in that, described rotation roller (41) idle running is installed, and is rotated by the friction of powder (33) when funnel (34) passes through to upper surface (2,200) gradually when powder (33).

10. equipment as claimed in claim 8 (1) is characterized in that, described rotation roller (41) motorization, and its circular velocity is substantially equal to the pace of the removable upper surface (2,200) that falls.

11. equipment as claimed in claim 8 (1) is characterized in that, described rotation roller (41) is subjected to braking and makes the pace of its circular velocity less than the removable upper surface (2,200) that falls.

12. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1) is characterized in that, the central plane by described funnel (34) shows predetermined inclination (α) with respect to the direction of advance of the powder belt that will be compacted (100,100 ').

13. equipment as claimed in claim 12 (1) is characterized in that, described hopper centre plane on the direction of advance of the powder belt that will be compacted (100) from top downward.

14. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1) is characterized in that, the front (34a) of funnel (34) or back (34b) are made of circulation movable belt (39).

15. equipment as claimed in claim 14 (1) is characterized in that, described movable belt (39) will become the block of material transmission to enter in the funnel (34), make them become on the surface that is arranged in the powder belt (100,100 ') that will be compacted.

16. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1) is characterized in that, the described removable powder upper surface that falls comprises conveyer belt (2).

17. equipment as claimed in claim 16 (1) is characterized in that, described movable surface is the surface of conveyer belt (2).

18. equipment as claimed in claim 17 (1) is characterized in that, described powder falls upper surface by described lip-deep continuous substrate (200) formation that is parked in conveyer belt (2).

19. equipment as claimed in claim 17 (1) is characterized in that, described powder falls upper surface by described lip-deep brick (201) formation that is parked in conveyer belt (2).

20. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1) is characterized in that, the described removable powder upper surface that falls comprises device dish (250), its surfacewise (340) slide with reciprocating motion so that powder bed (120) is deposited in the chamber (320).

21. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1), it is characterized in that described feeder (3) comprises that a plurality of feed conduits (32) that are used for described powder (33), the collection surface that is used for described powder (33) that is placed on feed conduit (32) below are conveyed into funnel (34) interior thrust unit (30,301) from collecting surface (31) with powder with being used for.

22. equipment as claimed in claim 21 (1) is characterized in that, described feed conduit (32) is movably.

23. equipment as claimed in claim 21 (1) is characterized in that, described powder collection surface (31) lies in a horizontal plane in removable upper surface (2, the 200) top that falls with the distance (H) bigger than the height of funnel (34).

24. equipment as claimed in claim 21 (1) is characterized in that, described thrust unit comprises removable dish (301).

25. equipment as claimed in claim 21 (1) is characterized in that, described thrust unit comprises removable propeller (30).

26. equipment as claimed in claim 25 (1), it is characterized in that, described propeller (30) is removable between retrieving position and progressive position, when propeller from its retrieving position when its progressive position moves, go up powder (33) heap that exists and transmit and enter in the funnel (34) collecting surface (31).

27. equipment as claimed in claim 21 (1) is characterized in that, described funnel (34) vertically is positioned on the removable upper surface (2) that falls, and place near collecting surface (31) in its device hole (37).

28. equipment as claimed in claim 21 (1) is characterized in that, described feeder (3) further comprises and is placed on the described a plurality of feed conduits (32) that are used for described powder (33) and the feed band (321) between the described powder collection surface (31).

29. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1) is characterized in that, described feeder (3) comprises having the head (400) that is used for powder (33) feed is gone into a plurality of pipelines in the funnel (34).

30. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1) is characterized in that, described funnel (34) has rectangular shape, and two bigger face is consistent with front (34a) and back (34b).

31. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1) is characterized in that, described funnel (34) has width (L) on the direction perpendicular to the direction of advance of the removable upper surface (2,200) that falls, and this width (L) equals the corresponding brick that will form or the width of plate at least.

32. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1) is characterized in that, the described device that is used for compacted powder band (100,100 ') comprises continuously extruded station (5).

33. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1) is characterized in that, the described device that is used for compacted powder band (100,100 ') comprises discontinuous extrusion system (5).

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