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CN1947341B - 具有范围误差检测的模拟数字转换器 - Google Patents

具有范围误差检测的模拟数字转换器 Download PDF

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CN1947341B
CN1947341B CN2005800124658A CN200580012465A CN1947341B CN 1947341 B CN1947341 B CN 1947341B CN 2005800124658 A CN2005800124658 A CN 2005800124658A CN 200580012465 A CN200580012465 A CN 200580012465A CN 1947341 B CN1947341 B CN 1947341B
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CN1947341A (zh
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乔纳森·迈克尔·容斯马
卡里·戴维·胡森加
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Rosemount Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M1/00Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
    • H03M1/10Calibration or testing
    • H03M1/1071Measuring or testing
    • H03M1/1076Detection or location of converter hardware failure, e.g. power supply failure, open or short circuit
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M1/00Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
    • H03M1/12Analogue/digital converters
    • H03M1/1205Multiplexed conversion systems
    • H03M1/122Shared using a single converter or a part thereof for multiple channels, e.g. a residue amplifier for multiple stages
    • H03M1/1225Shared using a single converter or a part thereof for multiple channels, e.g. a residue amplifier for multiple stages using time-division multiplexing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M1/00Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
    • H03M1/12Analogue/digital converters
    • H03M1/124Sampling or signal conditioning arrangements specially adapted for A/D converters
    • H03M1/129Means for adapting the input signal to the range the converter can handle, e.g. limiting, pre-scaling ; Out-of-range indication

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Abstract

一种电路(200),包括:多路复用器(204);模拟数字转换器(208);以及处理器(216),用于当所述数字输出之一不处于其正常范围内时,将来自模拟数字转换器的数字输出序列(DM)同与所述数字输出相对应的正常范围的序列(217)进行比较,以提供误差输出(219)。
Figure B05812465820061024B000011

Description

具有范围误差检测的模拟数字转换器
技术领域
本发明涉及过程控制变送器中的模拟数字转换器电路,具体地,涉及一种在安全仪表系统(SIS)中使用的过程控制变送器中的模拟数字转换器电路。
背景技术
多路复用的模拟数字(A/D)转换器具有用于接收多个模拟输入的输入管脚,以及提供表示模拟输入的数字输出。数字输出被馈入微控制器,微控制器使用数字输出以生成微控制器输出,微控制器输出是模拟输入的函数。典型地,A/D转换器和微控制器是工业过程控制变送器的一部分,以及微控制器输出表示可变过程,用于补偿温度、供电电压等,其中的所有都是模拟输入。
在电路中可能出现不同类型的故障。可能出现的一种故障是在多路复用器相邻输入管脚之间的短路。可能出现的另一故障是A/D转换器故障,导致其中一个数字输出比特粘连(stick)处于高电平(1)或低电平(0)处。
当A/D转换器系统用于安全仪表系统(SIS)中时,需要识别何时出现这样的故障、以及提供误差或诊断输出。需要高度信任A/D转换器的可靠性。需要来自微控制器的诊断输出,以便向由A/D转换器系统支持的过程控制系统警告故障。
发明内容
一种电路,包括多路复用器。多路复用器具有选择输入和从多个模拟输入中选择的模拟输出序列。该电路还包括提供第一参考的参考源。
该电路包括模拟数字转换器。模拟数字转换器接收模拟输出序列和第一参考。模拟数字转换器提供数字输出序列。
该电路包括控制电路。控制电路使选择输入选择模拟输出序列。当数字输出中的至少一个不处于正常范围内时,控制电路将数字输出序列同与数字输出相对应的正常范围的存储序列进行比较,以提供误差输出。
附图说明
图1示出了现有技术的模拟数字转换器系统。
图2A示出了具有动态变化输入范围的电路的第一实施例。
图2B示出了在图2A所示电路中的误差检查方法的第一简化流程图。
图3A示出了具有动态变化输入范围的电路的第二实施例。
图3B示出了在图3A所示电路中的误差检查方法的第二简化流程图。
图4A示出了具有动态变化输入范围的电路的第三实施例。
图4B示出了在图4A所示电路中的误差检查方法的第三简化流程图。
图5示出了具有动态变化输入范围的电路的第四实施例。
图6示出了参考电路的实施例。
图7示出了变送器电路的结构框图,其中,可以使用在图2-6中描述的电路和方法。
图8A、8B、8C示出了可以用于在模拟系统中提供模拟输入的缩放、反相或电平移位的电路。
具体实施方式
在图2-8示出的实施例中,电路包括多路复用器(MUX)、模拟数字转换器(A/D)、以及处理器(典型地,微控制器(uC))。处理器提供了表示模拟输入的数字输出。为了检测故障,处理器将来自模拟数字转换器的数字输出序列同存储的、与该数字输出相对应的正常范围序列进行比较。当其中一个数字输出处于其正常范围之外时,处理器提供误差输出。该设置提供了对多路复用器上短路的模拟输入管脚、在模拟数字转换器输出处的粘连比特、以及其它故障的检测。该设置在使用安全仪表系统(SIS)标准的过程控制应用中尤其有用。
图1示出了现有技术的模拟数字转换器系统100。模拟系统102连续向多路复用器104提供可变(模拟)电压A1、A2、A3、…、AN。每个模拟电压A1、A2、A3、…、AN具有由在106处的矩形1、2、3、…、N的垂直范围表示的正常电压范围。模拟电压A1、A2、A3、…、AN可以表示过程变量、温度、电压、校准电位器(calibration pot)设置和其它模拟变量。作为模拟系统102设计过程的一部分,缩放模拟电压A1、A2、A3、…、AN,使得模拟电压具有处于模拟数字转换器(A/D)108输入范围内的电压的正常范围。A/D 108的输入范围处于0(通常)与A/D 108的参考输入110之间。作为转换器系统100设计过程的一部分,选择提供所需输入范围(0至+REF)的参考112,以容纳所有模拟电压A1、A2、A3、…、AN的正常范围。在设计过程中,尽量进行不同的工程折衷,以选择每个模拟输入和参考电压的缩放,使得输入范围最大值接近上限(+REF),从而在A/D 108的数字输出114处提供高分辨率。作为这些工程折衷的结果,如示出的,106处模拟电压的范围趋向于所有都接近上限(+REF),以及在电压刻度上垂直地彼此重叠。
A/D的数字输出114与微控制器116相连。微控制器116提供了与多路复用器(MUX)104相连的数字输出(M)118。多路复用器104接收数字输出118,以及选择一个输出AM以与多路复用器输出120相连。多路复用器输出120与A/D 108的模拟输入122相连。针对每个相关的模拟输入A1、A2、A3、…、AN,微控制器116递增或步进(step)数字输出M,以及在输出114处获得数字表示。微控制器116作为数字化的模拟输入A1、A2、A3、…、AN的函数来计算所需输出124。典型地,输出124将表示过程变量,用于补偿从模拟系统120中获得的温度、供电电压、校准设置等。
多路复用器104上的相邻输入管脚彼此靠近,以及在印刷电路板上组装或使用多路复用器104期间,受到短路线130的偶尔或间歇的短路。如上所述,模拟电压A1、A2、A3、…、AN趋向于具有挤在一起以及彼此重叠的电压范围。当两个相邻管脚在一起发生短路时,典型地,在这两个共同形成短路的管脚处的电压处于短路管脚的电压范围内,并且没有“超出范围”读数来标识存在短路电路的事实。A/D 108可以转换只是稍微与正确电压不同的模拟电压,并且将不会指示短路。输出124中的一个或多个将提供不准确的数据,以及该不准确的数据会在没有适当警告的情况下引起过程控制系统的故障。
A/D 108的数字输出114是数字字132,包括范围从最低有效比特(LSB)至最高有效比特(MSB)的多个比特。比特数通常与A/D的输出分辨率相对应。每个比特由A/D 108内部的一个或多个开关生成。这些内部开关发生故障,以及当开关故障时,典型地,数字字132的一个比特134在高(1)电平或低(0)电平处粘连。由于该模拟输入趋向于处于重叠范围内,以及将会近似同样地受到粘连比特的影响,所以可以忽视该故障或失效,尤其在该比特比较接近最低比特比特(LSB)时。输出124提供了不准确的数据,该不准确的数据会在没有适当警告的情况下导致过程控制系统的故障。
结合图2-8中示出的示例,如下所述克服了A/D系统100的问题。
图2A示出了具有动态变化输入范围和误差输出219的电路200的第一实施例。典型地,电路200用于在诸如图7中示出的变送器之类的工业过程变量变送器中处理模拟变量,但是可以用于使用多路复用的模拟数字转换的其它不同应用中。
电路200从模拟系统202中接收多个模拟输入A1、A2、A3、…、AN。每个模拟输入具有与该输入相关联的正常操作范围(范围1、范围2、范围3、…、范围N)。特别地,配置模拟系统202,使得每个模拟输入具有正常的操作范围,该正常的操作范围不同于其它剩余模拟输入的正常的操作范围。在优选实施例中,模拟输入的正常操作范围是非重叠的。在典型的模拟系统202中,通过缩放、反相或移位的组合,调整模拟输入,来为每个模拟输入A提供唯一正常的操作范围。以下结合图8A、8B、8C来描述调整电路的示例。
电路200包括多路复用器(MUX)204,用于接收模拟输入A1、A2、A3、…、AN。多路复用器204具有选择输入218,用于选择模拟输入A1、A2、A3、…、AN之一,以与多路复用器输出(AM)相连,从而提供模拟输出220的序列。在优选设置中,多路复用器选择输入218是多比特字,简单地对其进行递增(或减)计数,从而按照数字顺序对模拟输入进行采样。优选地,多路复用器204包括集成电路模拟多路复用器,例如,可以使用来自曼彻斯特诺伍德的Analog Devices,Inc.的Analog Devices AD7501。
电路200还包括参考源212,用于将第一参考电压提供给模拟数字转换器208的参考输入210。在一个优选设置中,在电路200中提供独立的参考(如,齐纳二极管或现用参考)。在另一优选实施例中,参考源是简单的引入(lead in)电路200,用于与共享参考(如,齐纳二极管或现用参考)相连,共享参考是模拟系统202一部分。在另一优选设置中,使用作为商用A/D电路208一部分的参考源。
模拟数字转换器(A/D)208接收模拟输出(AM)220的序列。A/D208具有从参考212中接收第一参考电压的参考输入210。A/D 208将模拟输入(AM)220序列转换为相应的数字输出(DM)214序列。多路复用器204以数字顺序来表示模拟输出(AM)220的序列,以及数字输出(DM)的序列也以数字顺序表示。依据使用的A/D转换器的类型,可以以串联或并联的格式来表示独立的数字输出DM。例如,在一个优选实施例中,使用了Analog Devices AD571 A/D转换器。如示出的,(针对序列中的每个串联或并联数字输出的)数字输出,包括范围从最低有效比特(LSB)至最高有效比特(MSB)的多个比特。
电路200包括控制电路216。控制电路216使选择输入218以数字顺序,选择要由控制电路216读出的模拟输出序列。当数字输出214中的至少一个不处于所存储的正常范围217内时,控制电路216将数字输出214的序列同与数字输出214相对应的正常范围217的存储序列进行比较,来提供或促使误差输出219。优选地,控制电路216包括微控制器,例如,National Semiconductor C0P8SGE728M8。在控制电路216上,在后台运行误差检查(正常范围检查)。控制电路还提供了实时输出221,表示模拟系统202的一些有用参数。在典型的变送器应用中,感兴趣的参数是显示或用于过程控制的补偿压力、温度或流。
图2A中示出的设置提供了对由于模拟输入A1、A2、A3、…、AN之间的短路导致的误差的检查,其中,所有A1、A2、A3、…、AN都具有唯一、非重叠的正常范围。当两个模拟输入通过短路线230发生短路时,由于范围不重叠,所以结果电压可以仅处于其中一个正常范围内,并且不能位于两个不同范围内。这导致了将至少一个、以及有时这两个短路的模拟输入都检测为处于正常范围之外。多个模拟输入中的两个输入的短路使得数字输出中的至少一个超出相应的正常范围。
图2A中的设置还提供了对由于A/D 208输出比特中的一个被粘连而导致的误差的检查。当该比特保持连续处于一个逻辑状态(0或1)时,认为该比特粘连,或者换言之,该比特与供电干线(power supplyrail)之一发生短路。当存在粘连比特时,由于每个模拟输入都处于不同范围内,所以粘连比特的影响对于序列中每个输出来说具有不同的百分比,以及存在电路216将会检测到其中一个数字输出超出相应存储的正常范围的高度可能性。数字输出序列包括具有一串比特的数字字,以及其中一个比特的粘连引起数字输出中的至少一个超过其相应的正常范围。
图2B示出了在图2A所示系统中的背景误差检查的简化流程图示例。程序流以开始250开始,以及进行至判决块252,将当前的输出DM(即,当选择输入为M以便输出D)与范围M的存储的正常范围数据进行比较。如果输出DM处于正常范围内,则程序流继续沿线254、256进行至功能块258。在功能块258处,背景程序等待选择输入M改变至下一个数。如果在判决块252中,输出DM不处于正常范围内,则程序流继续沿线260进行至功能块262,功能块262激活误差输出219(图2A),然后继续沿264、256进行至功能块258。当选择输入M改变时,程序流再次开始,以及继续沿线266回到判决块252。
图2A-2B中示出的设置具有高度确信的检测粘连比特和短路管脚的优点。通过提供可靠地警告粘连比特和短路的输入管脚的误差输出,解决了将不准确的数据提供给数字输出的问题。
图3A示出了具有动态变化输入范围和误差输出219的电路300的第二实施例。用于图3A的参考数字与用于图2A的参考数字相同,用于指示相同或相似的特征。
电路300从模拟系统302中接收多个模拟输入A1、A2、A3、…、AN。每个模拟输入具有与该输入相关联的正常操作范围(范围1、范围2、范围3、…、范围N)。特别地,配置模拟系统302,使得奇数的模拟输入(A1、A3、…)位于奇数正常操作范围内,以及偶数的模拟输入(A2、A4、…)位于偶数正常操作范围内。在优选实施例中,模拟输入的奇数和偶数操作范围是非重叠的,以及两个操作范围中的每个范围遍布大约A/D 208输入范围的一半。在另一优选设置中,在偶数和奇数范围之间存在较小的电压间隔,以增加检测误差的可能性。在典型的模拟系统302中,通过缩放、反相或电平移位的组合来调整模拟输入,使得交替标号的模拟输入处于交替的正常操作范围内。相邻管脚(一奇、一偶)之间的短路具有将相邻输入之一拉出正常范围的高度可能性。在输出214处的粘连比特产生误差,典型地,这些误差由两偶数和奇数输出之间的因素而导致不同,以及因而易于识别这些误差。以下结合图8A、8B、8C来描述可以用于将模拟电压缩放、反相或电平移位的调整电路的示例。
在电路300中,所存储的正常范围数据包括偶数正常范围数据和奇数正常范围数据。在其它方面,电路300与电路200相似。
图3B示出了在图3A所示系统中有用的背景误差检查的简化流程图示例。程序流以开始301开始,以及沿线303进行至判决块304。在判决块304中,测试当前的选择输入数字“M”,以发现是否是偶数。如果输入数字“M”是偶数,则程序流沿线306进行至判决块308。如果数字“M”不是偶数,则程序流沿线310进行至判决块312。
在判决块308处,测试A/D输出DM,以发现DM是否处于偶数存储正常范围内。如果DM处于偶数存储正常范围内,则程序流继续沿线314和316进行至动作块318。动作块318提供等待,直至更新M值,然后程序流继续沿线320、303前进,以开始对下一个M值的处理。
如果在判决块308处,DM不处于偶数存储正常范围内,则程序流继续沿线322进行至动作块324。动作块324报告误差(激活图3A中的输出219),然后程序流继续沿线326、316进行至动作块318。
如果在判决块312处,DM处于奇数范围内,则程序流继续沿线328、316进行至动作块318。如果在判决块312处,DM不处于奇数范围内,则程序流继续沿线330进行至动作块324。
图3A-3B示出的设置提供了仅使用两个存储的正常范围以便误差检查。
可以电阻性地(resistively)缩放诸如供电干线之类的单个模拟电压以提供一个模拟输入处于上(奇数)范围内,以及另一个模拟输入处于下(偶数)范围内。控制电路216可以比较两个读数,并测试电阻缩放的恒定比,作为附加的误差检查。
图4A示出了具有动态变化输入范围和误差输出219的电路400的第三实施例。用于图4A的参考数字与用于图3A的参考数字相同,用于标识相同或相似的特征。
图4A中的电路400包括第一开关406,第一开关406与A/D 208的参考输入210相连。参考源213生成第一参考402,以及还生成不同于第一参考402的第二参考404。
当选择奇数模拟输入(A1、A3、…)时,控制电路216控制第一开关406,以将第一参考402与模拟数字转换器208相连。当选择偶数模拟输入(A2、A4、…)时,控制电路216控制第一开关406,以将第二参考404与模拟数字转换器相连。由第一开关406提供的开关改变了A/D转换器208的输出的范围。简言之,A/D转换器208的输出DM是数字字,将所述数字字缩放到参考输入210处的电压除以模拟输出AM处的电压与A/D转换器的计数跨距(count span)的乘积。因此,控制电路216中的数据215是所存储的移位的正常范围数据。图4A中的设置提供了较小范围的增强A/D转换器分辨率,同时仍提供了模拟输入相邻管脚之间的误差检测,在其它方面,图4A的电路400与图3的电路300相似。
图4B示出了在图4A所示系统中的误差检查的简化流程图。用于图4B的参考数字与用于图3B的参考数字相同,用于标识相同或相似的特征。在图4B中,判决块309、313在移位范围内对DM进行测试,而不是在范围(图3B)内对DM进行测试。在其它方面,图4B中的流程图与图3B中的流程图相似。
由于对参考输入进行移位以提高下(偶数)范围中的低值模拟输入,所以图4A-4B中示出的设置提供了奇数和偶数范围内的模拟输入,以使用A/D转换器208的全部输出范围。
图5示出了具有动态变化输入范围和误差输出219的电路500的第四实施例。用于图5的参考数字与用于图4A的参考数字相同,用于标识相同或相似的特征。
在图5中,电路500包括第二开关502。A/D转换器208具有差分模拟输入+IN和-IN。第二开关502与-IN差分输入相连,以及模拟输入AM与+IN差分输入相连。控制电路216控制第二开关502,以将从第二参考404和公共导体504(0伏)中选择的一个与-IN差分输入相连。同步地操作开关406和502,使得可以改变A/D转换器208范围的上下限。该设置允许增强的误差检测,同时保持较高的A/D转换器208分辨率。如果输入到偶数范围开关配置,则奇数范围输入值将产生最大的A/D输出值DM。同样,如果输入到奇数范围开关配置,则偶数范围输入值将产生最小A/D输入值DM。在其它方面,图5中的电路500与图4A中的电路400相似。
图6示出了参考切换电路600的实施例,用于向A/D转换器的参考输入提供可选择等级的参考电压602。电平的选择由来自诸如微控制器之类的控制电路的控制线604控制。
控制线604激活开关606以将电阻器608短路。电阻器608与电阻器610、612一起,位于电阻性的电压分压器614中。电阻性的分压器614在线路616上将参考电压提供给缓冲电路618。例如,参考切换电路600可以用于替代图4A中的参考213和开关406。
当选择奇数模拟输入时,控制参考切换电路600以生成位于第一电平的第一参考,以及当选择偶数模拟输入时,控制参考切换电路600以生成位于第二电平的第一参考。
图7是示出了变送器电路700的一个示例的方框图,其中,可以使用如上述在图2-6中的电路和软件。在图7中,示出特征模块电子设备750通过分路调节器699和环路反馈电阻器701,与两个有线处理控制环路718相连。级联的电压调节器702、704、706将来自环路718的电能与特征模块电子设备750以及传感器模块电子设备752相连。还示出了传感器模块电子设备752通过过程变量传感器712,与过程变量相连。也示出了可选的输出显示器714。
环路过载电路762用作误差输出,并且部分地在微控制器738中实现,微控制器738与数字模拟(D/A)转换器722和多路复用转换器电路764相连,多路复用转换器电路764包括如以上结合图2-5所述的模拟数字(A/D)转换器、多路复用器和参考。配置多路复用转换器电路764来测量电阻器701上的感测电压(感测环路电流)以及在节点703、705、707处感测调节的供电电压。多路复用转换器电路764还测量节点709处的电压,这表示来自电压调节器704的供电电流。
在操作中,使用D/A 722和分路调节器699来配置微控制器738,以通过环路718来控制电流I,以及调制在该电流上的任何数字数据。多路复用转换器电路764提供输出765(比较图2-5中的输出214),输出765表示感测的不同模拟电压。多路复用转换器电路764还可以与变送器700内的其它电压或组件相连。微控制器738包括存储器740,存储器740存储正常范围数据(可与图2-5中的数据215、217相比较),这些数据用于检测诸如以上结合图2-5描述的短路管脚或粘连输出比特之类的误差。
在短路或粘连比特的检测中,微控制器738在线761上传输警告信号,以激活环路过载电路762。然后,将流过环路718的电流I设置为固定的电流电平。在一些实施例中,为了向其它电路提供足够的电能来提供所需输出,可以断开或切断设备内的电路。一种提供环路过载的技术是断开设备,或者使设备从过程控制环路中脱机。环路电流中的变化向环路718指示变送器700中的故障,以及这可以由与该环路相连的控制系统来使用,以采取行动使用安全仪器系统(SIS)来切断控制的过程。
图7还示出了与微控制器738相连的可选监控器(watch dog)电路750。当使用时,必须周期性地由微控制器738来触发监控器电路750。如果微控制器738停止触发监控器电路750,则可以假设出现故障。示例包括但不局限于不正确的程序流、微处理器或存储器故障、时钟误差等。如果未触发监控器电路750,则监控器电路750将信号发送给环路过载电路762,以使得过载电路762在过程环路718上驱动警告电流电平。
图8A、8B、8C示出了可以用于模拟系统中,来提供模拟输入的缩放、反相或电平移位的电路。图8A示出了一种调整(conditioning)电路,其中,由放大器802放大来自模拟系统的模拟电压800,以提供可以与A/D转换器的输入相连的缩放输出804。图8B示出了一种调整电路,其中,由电阻性电压分压器控制的因子来缩小来自模拟系统的模拟电压810,以提供可以与A/D转换器的输入相连的缩小的输出814。图8C示出了一种调整电路,其中,模拟电压通过电阻器与放大器822的反相输入821相连。参考电压824也通过电阻器与反相输入821相连。图8C中示出的设置通过选择电阻值和参考电压824来提供缩放、反相和电平移位,以提供与A/D转换器的输入相连的输出826。
结合一个实施例描述的特征可以适当地用于其它实施例。尽管已参照优选实施例对本发明进行了描述,但是本领域技术人员将认识到,在不偏离本发明的范围的情况下,可以在形式和细节上作出改变。

Claims (14)

1.一种在变送器中检测误差的电路,包括:
多路复用器,具有选择输入和从多个模拟输入管脚中选择的模拟输出序列;
参考源,用于提供第一参考;
模拟数字转换器,用于接收所述模拟输出序列和所述第一参考,以及提供数字输出序列;以及
控制电路,用于使所述选择输入选择所述模拟输出序列,当所述数字输出序列中的至少一个数字输出不处于正常范围内时,所述控制电路将所述数字输出序列同与所述数字输出序列相对应的正常范围的存储序列进行比较,以提供误差输出,所述误差输出在所述变送器中产生警告信号,以指示多路复用器的粘连比特或模拟输入管脚短路。
2.如权利要求1所述的电路,其中,至少两个所述正常范围不重叠。
3.如权利要求1所述的电路,其中,每个正常范围不同,以及不与另一个正常范围重叠。
4.如权利要求1所述的电路,其中:
所述正常范围包括奇数范围和偶数范围;以及
所述多个模拟输入管脚按照数字顺序与多路复用器相连,以使奇数模拟输入生成奇数范围内的数字输出,以及偶数模拟输入生成偶数范围内的数字输出。
5.如权利要求4所述的电路,还包括:
第一开关;
其中,所述参考源生成不同于所述第一参考的第二参考;以及
其中,所述控制电路在选择奇数模拟输入时控制第一开关,以使所述第一参考与模拟数字转换器相连,以及在选择偶数模拟输入时控制第一开关,以使所述第二参考与模拟数字转换器相连。
6.如权利要求5所述的电路,还包括:
第二开关;以及
其中,所述模拟数字转换器包括第一和第二差分输入,所述模拟输出序列与所述第一差分输入相连;以及所述控制电路控制所述第二开关,以将从所述第二参考和公共导体中所选择的一个与所述第二差分输入相连。
7.如权利要求1所述的电路,其中,所述控制电路在选择奇数模拟输入时控制参考源,以生成位于第一电平的所述第一参考,以及在选择偶数模拟输入时控制参考源,以生成位于第二电平的所述第一参考。
8.一种在变送器中检测误差的方法,包括:
生成模拟输出序列,其中,使多路复用器的选择输入从所述多路复用器的多个模拟输入管脚中选择所述模拟输出序列;
提供第一参考;
接收所述模拟输出序列和所述第一参考,以及提供表示所述模拟输出序列的数字输出序列;以及
当所述数字输出序列中的至少一个数字输出不处于正常范围内时,将所述数字输出序列同与所述数字输出序列相对应的正常范围的存储序列进行比较,以提供误差输出;以及
在所述变送器中产生警告信号,以指示所述多路复用器的粘连比特或模拟输入管脚短路。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中,至少两个所述正常范围彼此不重叠。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中,每个正常范围不同于另一个正常范围,并且不与另一个正常范围重叠。
11.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中:
以奇数范围和偶数范围来设置所述正常范围;以及
将所述多个模拟输入管脚以数字顺序与多路复用器相连,使得奇数模拟输入生成奇数范围内的数字输出,以及偶数模拟输入生成偶数范围内的数字输出。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,还包括:
设置第一开关;
生成不同于所述第一参考的第二参考;以及
在选择奇数模拟输入时控制第一开关,以使所述第一参考与模拟数字转换器相连,以及在选择偶数模拟输入时控制第一开关,以使所述第二参考与模拟数字转换器相连。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,还包括:
设置第二开关;以及
在所述模拟数字转换器上提供第一和第二差分输入;
将所述模拟输出序列与所述第一差分输入相连;以及
控制所述第二开关,以将从所述第二参考和公共导体中的选择的一个与所述第二差分输入相连。
14.如权利要求8所述的方法,还包括:
在选择奇数模拟输入时控制参考源,以生成位于第一电平的所述第一参考,以及
在选择偶数模拟输入时控制参考源,以生成位于第二电平的所述第一参考。
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EP1743426A1 (en) 2007-01-17
RU2006140983A (ru) 2008-05-27
RU2341893C2 (ru) 2008-12-20
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DE602005015206D1 (de) 2009-08-13

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