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CN1798955A - 测量器 - Google Patents

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CN1798955A
CN1798955A CN200480000897.2A CN200480000897A CN1798955A CN 1798955 A CN1798955 A CN 1798955A CN 200480000897 A CN200480000897 A CN 200480000897A CN 1798955 A CN1798955 A CN 1798955A
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measuring
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CN100365375C (zh
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林田秀二
藤川勇二
市川雄一
斋藤修
林伸行
中村孝洋
桥本涌造
大森富美男
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Mitutoyo Corp
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
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Abstract

一种测量器,其包括具有阴螺纹(211)的筒(21)和具有与所述阴螺纹(211)螺合的测微螺杆(31)并由轴中心的旋转能在轴向进退地设置的测量轴(3)。其基于测量轴(3)的转动量从测量轴(3)的轴向位移量测量测定物的尺寸。测微螺杆(31)的螺距P是外径R和螺纹内径r的差大于或等于两倍,且外径R和螺纹内径r的差小于或等于外径R的五分之一。通过大螺距的测微螺杆(31)能使测量轴(3)高速移动,提高测量器的操作性。

Description

测量器
技术领域
本发明涉及通过用螺合旋转使测量轴进退测量被测量物的尺寸等的测量器,例如涉及以千分尺和千分表头等为代表的测量器。
背景技术
现在,包括设有阴螺纹的主体和设有阳螺纹的测量轴,通过用螺合旋转使测量轴进退测量被测量物的尺寸等的测量器,例如涉及以千分尺和千分表头等为代表的测量器被大家所了解。作为这样的测量器有如文献1实开昭49-80260号、文献2特开昭54-130152号。
在这样的测量器中,用设在测量轴上的阳螺纹的螺距规定测量轴每旋转一圈的位移量。
现在设在测量轴上的阳螺纹的螺距一般设为0.5mm或0.635mm。
但是,若设在测量轴上的阳螺纹的螺距为0.5mm或0.635mm,由于测量轴每旋转一圈的位移量小,每变化一次测量对象就必须使测量轴旋转几次,在操作性上存在问题。
因此,为了使测量轴每旋转一圈的位移量变大,可以考虑把测量轴的阳螺纹作成多头螺纹。例如,通过采用三头螺纹,可以把每旋转一圈的位移量成为三倍。但是,为了精密加工多条螺纹有必要使多根螺旋线形成正确的相位差。例如,如果是三条螺纹,就有不要使三头螺纹的螺旋线形成120°的相位差,但正确地保持这样的相位差加工形成多头螺纹是困难的,加工误差与测量误差有关。另外用精密的单一的螺距很难形成多个螺旋线,且产生仅螺旋线增加,而使加工成本也增加的问题。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于解决现有的问题,提供一种高精度的测量精度和测量轴高速移动兼备的测量器。为此,本发明采用了以下的结构。
本发明的测量器包括:具有阴螺纹的主体、具有与所述阴螺纹螺合的测微螺杆并设置成由轴中心的旋转能在轴向进退的测量轴。在该测量器中,所述测微螺杆的螺距是外径和螺纹内径的差的两倍或两倍以上,且外径和螺纹内径的差是外径的五分之一或五分之一以下。
根据该结构,只要使测量轴旋转,通过主体和测量轴的螺合旋转,测量轴就能沿轴向进退。若统计这时测量轴的旋转量,由于根据测量轴每旋转一圈的移动螺距可以知道测量轴的位移量,故可以知道测量值。
由于测微螺杆的螺距是外径和螺纹内径的差的两倍以上的大螺距。故测量轴每旋转一圈的移动螺距可以增大。这样就能使测量轴高速移动,能够提高测量器的操作性。虽然每变化一次测量对象就必须根据测量对象使测量轴位移,但只要测微螺杆的螺距大,就能以较少的转动圈数使测量轴高速进退,可以减少测量所需的工作和时间。
另外,由于螺距加大测微螺杆的螺纹槽变深,刻在测量轴上的加工深度变大,使测量轴的强度减少。于是,也考虑到由于测量轴弯曲等的影响产生的测量精度变差的危险性。可是,由于把测微螺杆的外径和螺纹内径的差抑制在外径五分之一或五分之一以下,可以充分确保测量轴的强度,结果可以把测量精度维持在高精度。
在此,所述测微螺杆的相邻的螺纹槽条在沿螺纹轴线的方向以规定的间隔形成,在相邻的螺纹槽条之间,最好在沿螺纹轴线的断面上存在作为沿螺纹轴线的直线呈现的槽间部。
这样,只要在相邻的螺纹槽条之间设置规定的间隔,该规定间隔内螺距变大。于是,不用把槽条刻深,可以作成大螺距的测微螺杆。
另外,所述阴螺纹在所述测微螺杆的槽条相同的螺距上具有螺纹凸条,在沿阴螺纹的螺纹轴线的方向上,邻接的螺纹凸条具有规定的间隔形成,邻接的螺纹凸条之间在沿螺纹轴线的断面上,最好存在作为沿螺纹轴线的直线呈现的凸间部。
根据该结构,阴螺纹只在与测微螺杆的螺纹槽条嵌合的部分具有螺纹凸条,由于在凸间部不加工螺纹槽,所以即使是与测微螺杆的大螺距螺合的阴螺纹也不能使加工深度变大。这样,也可以不把主体削深,可以保持主体的强度。
本发明的测量器包括:主体,其在大致U形的支架的一端上有基准面,同时在另一端上有阴螺纹;测量轴,其具有与所述阴螺纹螺合的测微螺杆,与所述主体的另一端螺合,并随着其螺合旋转相对所述基准面进退;检测装置,其根据所述测量轴的旋转量检测所述测量轴的轴向的位移量;显示装置,其根据来自所述检测装置的检测信号显示测定量,所述测微螺杆的螺距也可以是外径和螺纹内径的差的两倍或两倍以上,且外径和螺纹内径的差是外径的五分之一或五分之一以下的结构。
根据这样的结构,从基准面和测量轴连接的状态到在基准面和测量轴之间夹持被测量物时,由于测量轴装有螺距大的测微螺杆,可以起到与发明的第一方面同样的作用效果。即通过测量轴每旋转一圈的移动螺距变大可以使测量轴高速移动,并可以减少测量所需的工作和时间。
在本发明中,所述检测装置最好包括:设在主体上的定子、与所述定子相对配置的转子、在所述测量轴上沿轴向设置的卡合槽、设在所述转子上与所述卡合槽卡合的卡合销、把所述卡合销向所述卡合槽预压的预压力施加装置。
根据这样的结构,只要使测量轴旋转,通过测量轴的卡合槽与转子的卡合销卡合,使测量轴的旋转传递给转子。于是,转子旋转与测量轴的旋转角相同的角度,同时在定子上读取转子的旋转角。这样,可以知道测量轴的旋转角,可以根据测量轴的每旋转一圈的螺距知道测量轴的位移量。
由于用预压力施加装置把卡合销向卡合槽施加预压,卡合销和卡合槽能可靠地无间隙卡合,测量轴的旋转可以正确地传递给转子。这样用检测装置可以减低测量轴旋转角的读取误差,提高测量精度。
另外,由于使用具有大螺距测微螺杆的测量轴,测量轴每转一图的移动螺距增大,必须使检测装置的检测精度提高相应的程度。于是即使卡合销和卡合槽有微小间隙对测量的影响也很大。但是,通过预压力施加装置,由于卡合销和卡合槽无间隙咬合,在卡合销和卡合槽之间的间隙没有摆动,可以使测量稳定。
在本发明中,最好是,所述卡合销设置成向与所述测量轴的轴向垂直的方向自由滑动,所述预压力施加装置一端固定在所述转子上,同时在另一端装有使所述卡合销向着所述卡合槽按压的板簧。
根据这样的结构,由于用由板簧产生的弯曲弹性使卡合销预压向卡合槽,所以可确保卡合销和卡合槽的滑动且卡合销和卡合槽无间隙咬合。于是测量轴的旋转正确地传递给转子。结果可以减低由检测装置产生的测量轴旋转角的读取误差,提高测量精度。
在本发明中,最好所述卡合槽形成“V”形、所述卡合销与所述卡合槽触接的前端形成球状。
根据该结构,由于“V”形槽上边宽下边窄,卡合销的前端与卡合槽的“V”字的两边无间隙地触接。这时,由于卡合销的前端是球状,与卡合槽的接触面是点,摩擦力小。于是可以确保卡合销和卡合槽的滑动,且使卡合销与卡合槽无间隙地咬合。结果可以提高测量器的测量精度。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明一实施例的千分尺的外观的图;
图2是表示所述实施例的千分尺的剖面的图;
图3是表示所述实施例的测量轴的测微螺杆的形状的图
图4A是表示所述实施例的定子的图;
图4B是表示所述实施例的转子的图;
图5A是表示所述实施例的卡合销、卡合槽及预压力施加装置的剖面图;
图5B是放大表示所述图5A主要部分的图;
图5C是从不同方向表示图5A主要部分的图;
图6是表示在本发明中的测微螺杆和阴螺纹嵌合的变形例的图;
图7A是表示在本发明中的定子的变形例的图;
图7B是表示在本发明中的转子的变形例的图。
具体实施方式
下面与图示例一起说明本发明的实施例。
在图1中,表示作为本发明的一实施例的千分尺。在图2中表示图1的剖面图。
该千分尺1包括:主体2,其在大致为U形的支架222的一端具有基准面223;测量轴3,其与主体2的另一端螺合,随着螺合旋转沿着轴向且面向基准面223进退;检测装置4其根据测量轴3的旋转量检测测量轴3的轴向的位移量;数字显示部5,其作为显示装置显示根据来自检测装置4的检测信号的测量量。
主体2从一端侧顺序装有前部筒22、后部筒21和测量轴转动部23。
前部筒22装有设于一端侧开口部的微分筒221和设于外部的U形支架222。U形支架222在一端侧设有与测量轴3相对配置的基准面223,另一端固定在前部筒22上、在表面上设有数字显示部5。
后部筒21一端侧与前部筒22连接,在另一端侧的内周上有与测量轴3螺合的阴螺纹211,同时,另一端侧进行切槽加工212,从外侧用螺母213止动。
测量轴转动部23装有相对后部筒21顺次叠积的内导筒231和外导筒232,相对外导筒232可转动地设置的外套筒233、在与外套筒233之间通过摩擦弹簧234设置的测微套筒235和在外套筒233和测微套筒235的另一端侧设置的盖筒236。盖筒236通过螺纹的螺合与外套筒233连接。另外,在盖筒236的内侧沿轴向设有引导槽237。
测量轴3插通微分筒221,从主体2的一端侧向外部突出,测微螺杆31设在另一端侧外周上,与后部筒21的阴螺纹211螺合。在测量轴3的另一端侧设有与盖筒236的引导槽237卡合的引导销32。在测量轴3上沿轴向设有卡合槽40。
测微螺杆31如图3所示,是螺距P较大而螺纹深度d比较浅的阳螺纹。
即测微螺杆31的螺距P是外径R和螺纹内径r的差的两倍或两倍以上的大螺距,而外径R和螺纹内径r的差是外径R的五分之一或五分之一以下。当沿螺纹轴线A看时,邻接的螺纹凹条(螺纹槽条)311形成规定的间隔,在邻接的螺纹谷条311之间在沿螺纹轴线A的剖面中存在作为沿轴线A的直线呈现的凹间部(槽间部)312。
测微螺杆31的尺寸如外径R为7.25-7.32mm左右、内径r为6.66-6.74mm左右、螺距P为1-2mm左右、螺纹顶的顶角θ为55-65度左右、导程角为5度左右。测微螺杆31的尺寸不特别限定,可以根据把作为测量轴3每旋转一圈的进退量的导程作成什么程度适当地选择。例如可以把测微螺杆31的螺距P作成外径R和螺纹内径r的差的3倍、5倍、10倍,也可以把外径R和螺纹内径r的差作成外径R的七分之一、十分之一。
阴螺纹211在测微螺杆31以相同的螺距具有螺纹凸条214。当沿螺纹轴线A看阴螺纹211时,邻接的螺纹凸条214形成规定的间隔,在邻接的螺纹凸条214之间在沿螺纹轴线A的剖面上存在作为沿轴线A的直线呈现的凸间部215。
检测装置4具有:设在本体2上的定子41、与该定子41相对配置的转子42、在测量轴3上沿轴向设置的卡合槽40、设在转子42上与卡合槽40卡合的卡合销422、向着卡合槽40预压卡合销422的预压力施加装置6。
定子41在前部筒22的内部,设在后部筒21的一端侧。在定子41和前部筒22中安装止转销411,限制定子41的转动。在定子41和前部筒22之间装有弹簧412,定子41被压靠向一端侧。
转子42装有可相对测量轴3独立转动地设置的转子轴衬421,该转子轴衬421的另一端侧与定子41相对配置。
转子轴衬421通过夹紧套环424由与微分筒221螺合的调整螺纹425向另一端侧压靠。
定子41和转子42构成电磁诱导式的回转式编码器。
定子41如图4A所示,装有沿外周的发射线圈419和配置在其内侧的接收线圈418。接收线圈418具有各自菱形连续的三系统的线圈图形418A、418B和418C,这些各图形相互以每错开菱形间距的1/3进行配置。
转子42如图4B所示,具有从外周向内周的磁通结合线圈429。磁通结合线圈429由定子41的发射线圈419产生电磁感应产生感应电流,该感应电流由定子41的接收线圈418检测。在接收线圈418随着转子42和定子41的相对转动,在各线卷图形418A、418B和418C检测的信号输出进行变化。基于该变化可检测转子42和定子41的相对转动角。
在本实施例,对应测量轴3的阳螺纹是大导程,本实施例的发射电极414把用例如8片构成的现有发射电极414用其三倍的24片构成。
卡合销422,如图5A所示,设置成相对转子轴衬421在轴向可自由滑动,与测量轴3的卡合槽40卡合。
如图5B所示,卡合销422的前端形成球状。卡合槽40形成V字形。
如图5C所示,预压力施加装置6具有:板簧61,其一端固定在转子轴衬421上,另一端向卡合槽40按压卡合销422;止动螺钉62,其把板簧61的一端固定在转子轴衬421上。
在这样构成的千分尺1中,当使盖筒236或测微套筒235转动时,通过引导槽237和引导销32的卡合使测量轴3转动。这样,通过由测量轴3和后部筒21的螺纹结合,使测量轴3在轴向进退。测量轴3一转动,通过卡合槽40和卡合销422的卡合使转子42转动。通过用定子41读取转子42的旋转角检测测量轴3的旋转角。从测量轴3的旋转角和测量轴3每转一圈的移动间距计算出测量轴3的位移量,在数值显示部5表示作为测定值的测量轴3的位移量。
从而,通过这样构成的千分尺1,由于以大间距形成测量轴3的测微螺杆31,从而每一圈测量轴3的移动量能够变大。由此,由测量轴3高速移动而形成操作性好的千分尺1。
由于设置板簧61是用该板簧61把卡合销422预先压在卡合槽40上所以可使卡合销422和卡合槽40无间隙地触接。另外,由于使422的前端成为球形,使卡合槽40形成为V字形,所以使V字的两边与前端球触接,从而可保证卡合销422与卡合槽40的滑动,并使卡合销422和卡合槽40无间隙触接。这样,卡合销422在与卡合槽40的间隙不产生摆动,从而可提高千分尺1的测定精度。
由于定子41的发射电极414设置为现在的发射电极414的三倍为24片,所以可以高精度检测测量轴3的旋转角。由于测量轴3的测微螺杆31是大间距,所以测量轴3的每单位旋转角的移动间距增大。在本实施例中,由于提高了转子42和定子41的检测精度,所以即使测量轴3的测微螺杆31的间距大也不降低检测精度。
另外,本发明的测量器不仅限于上述的实施例,在不脱离本发明的宗旨的范围内可以进行多种改变。
已经说明,阴螺纹211在邻近的螺纹顶条间具有在沿螺纹轴线A的剖面作为沿螺纹轴线A直线呈现的顶间部215。例如也可以如图6所示,由大螺纹的顶条214形成。螺纹顶条214大则加工深度大,但如果使后部筒21的厚度充分厚,则即使加工深度大也可以保证强度。另外,在加工大螺距的阴螺纹时,如果螺纹顶条214的高度增大,则可使加工变得容易从而减少加工成本。
预压力施加装置6也不限于板簧61,只要是油压等能够施加予压力的部件,则利用什么都可以。
作为检测装置,在所述实施例采用的是电磁感应式的转动编码器,也可以使用静电容转动编码器和光电式的各种传感器。
例如,如图7A所示,在定子41中设置接收电极413和发射电极414;如图7B所示在转子42设置结合电极423,可以基于这些电极的静电容量变化检测相对旋转角。
作为检测器不限于千分尺,也可以使用千分表头等,只要是由测量轴的转动使测量轴进退的检测器就可以。
产业上利用的可能性
本发明能够使用通过使测量轴由螺纹旋转进行进退,而检测被检测物的尺寸的检测器,例如千分尺和千分表头等。

Claims (9)

1、一种测量器,其包括:具有阴螺纹的主体、具有与所述阴螺纹螺合的测微螺杆并设置为通过轴中心的旋转能在轴向进退的测量轴,其特征在于,所述测微螺杆的螺距大于或等于外径和螺纹内径的差的两倍,且外径和螺纹内径的差小于或等于外径的五分之一。
2、如权利要求1所述的测量器,其特征在于,所述主体在大致为U形的支架的一端上具有基准面,并且在另一端上具有阴螺纹;
所述测量轴具有与所述阴螺纹螺合的测微螺杆且与所述主体的另一端螺合,并随着其螺合旋转向所述基准面进退;
所述测量器具有:所述主体、所述测量轴、根据所述测量轴的旋转量检测所述测量轴的轴向位移量的检测装置、显示基于来自所述检测装置的检测信号测定量的显示装置。
3、如权利要求2所述的测量器,其特征在于,所述检测装置包括:设在所述主体上的定子、与所述定子相对配置的转子、在所述测量轴上沿轴向设置的卡合槽、设在所述转子上与所述卡合槽卡合的卡合销、把所述卡合销向所述卡合槽进行预压的预压力施加装置。
4、如权利要求3所述的测量器,其特征在于,所述定子和转子构成电磁感应式的旋转检测器。
5、如权利要求3所述的测量器,其特征在于,所述定子和转子构成静电容的旋转检测器。
6、如权利要求3至权利要求5中任一项所述的测量器,其特征在于,所述卡合销被设置为向与所述测量轴的轴向垂直的方向滑动自如,所述预压力施加装置一端固定在所述转子上,同时在另一端设有将所述卡合销向所述卡合槽按压的板簧。
7、如权利要求3至权利要求6中任一项所述的测量器,其特征在于,所述卡合槽形成V字形,所述卡合销与所述卡合槽触接的前端形成球状。
8、如权利要求1至权利要求7中任一项所述的测量器,其特征在于,所述测微螺杆的相邻的螺纹槽条在沿螺纹轴线的方向以规定的间隔形成,在相邻的螺纹槽条之间,在沿螺纹轴线的断面上存在作为沿螺纹轴线的直线呈现的槽间部。
9、如权利要求1至权利要求8中任一项所述的测量器,其特征在于,所述阴螺纹在所述测微螺杆的螺纹槽条上以相同的螺距具有螺纹凸条,在沿阴螺纹的螺纹轴线的方向上,邻接的螺纹凸条以具有规定的间隔形成,邻接的螺纹凸条之间在沿螺纹轴线的断面上,存在作为沿螺纹轴线的直线呈现的凸间部。
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