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CN1780655B - 具有指示内部药物容器状态的显示器的药物分配设备 - Google Patents

具有指示内部药物容器状态的显示器的药物分配设备 Download PDF

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CN1780655B
CN1780655B CN2004800112143A CN200480011214A CN1780655B CN 1780655 B CN1780655 B CN 1780655B CN 2004800112143 A CN2004800112143 A CN 2004800112143A CN 200480011214 A CN200480011214 A CN 200480011214A CN 1780655 B CN1780655 B CN 1780655B
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布赖恩·巴尼
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Abstract

与可移除的增压气溶胶药筒或储存器一起使用的计量剂量吸入器，其具有用于向使用者指示药筒状态的显示器。药筒或容纳药筒的壳体上设有存储设备。该存储设备存储表示从药筒分配出去的或者其中剩余的剂量的信息。对这个信息进行处理以便提供表示药筒的上述状态的显示信息。

Description

具有指示内部药物容器状态的显示器的药物分配设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本发明要求2003年3月5日申请的美国临时申请No.60/452,260、2003年3月4日申请的英国专利申请0304905.3以及2004年1月26日申请的英国专利申请0401649.9的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种药物分配设备，更具体地，涉及一种设备，其适于从储存器中分配离散量或计量量，或者计量剂量的流体药物并且具有用于向使用者指示药物储存器状态的显示器。
背景技术
在药物治疗领域，计量剂量的吸入器公知地用于治疗或缓和呼吸道疾病(比如哮喘)的影响。呼吸致动设备也是公知的，并且是很多专利的主题。
很多吸气致动的分配设备制造来与加压气溶胶分配容器一起使用。分配容器包括有一个阀，当操纵该阀的内弹簧被压缩足够程度时该阀通常能释放计量量的气溶胶内容物。分配设备通常包括具有接口的腔室、空气进口、用于在分配设备中致动阀的致动装置、用于可释放地将所述计量阀保持在负载位置的栓锁装置、以及用于释放栓锁的吸气响应装置，以使得计量量的气溶胶混合物被排入接口区域。总体目标是使药物从气溶胶容器中的排出与患者的吸气相配合，从而允许最大剂量的药物能达到肺的支气管。
美国专利No.5,447,150公开了一种计量剂量的吸入器，该专利被授予给本发明的受让人并且在此以参考的方式引用于此。药物的释放通过患者利用该专利的吸入器的吸入致动设备进行的吸气动作而致动。
现有技术的吸入器通常包括有气溶胶药筒能可移除地置于其中的 壳体。药筒在一端包括有喷嘴，其由一个结构支承从而提供一个通向可供患者使用的接口的气流通路。在很多现有技术的吸入器中，气溶胶药筒可以从吸入器壳体中移除以允许对限定了气流通路的结构进行有效的清洁。在一些吸入器中，壳体被设计来容纳一连串使用者引入的气溶胶药筒，以及设计为可以移除药筒以便清洁。
在使用这些设备时，希望使用者能知道，置于或将要置于使用者的吸入器中的药筒短期内(以及长期来看)是否具有足够剂量的药物。具有这样的信息，使用者就能够知道何时要替换给定的药筒。
在现有技术中，已经进行了努力以获得从药物吸入器中分配的或者其中剩余的剂量数目的显示信息并使得使用者可以利用。举例来说，同样授权给本发明的受让人的美国专利No.6,446,627公开了一种置于吸入器的壳体上的机械式计数器组件，其中计数器组件(通过使用者可见的计数显示器)显示一个数字，这个数字相应于从药筒中分配的或者其中剩余的剂量数目。当致动以分配剂量时，就通过吸入器中的运动部件(例如，药筒相对于喷嘴的运动，在结合美国专利No.5,447,150中图3-6所述类型的吸气致动型吸入器中)所驱动的机械连接来驱动计数增加(在显示已分配的剂量数目时)，或者减少(在显示剩余剂量数目时)。
虽然这种机械式计数/致动组件的确向使用者显示了剂量计数致动信息，但是随后开发的现有技术吸入器通过电子和/或机电型剂量计数器和显示器组件来显示类似信息。举例来说，美国专利No.5,622,163和No.5,544,647公开了封闭盒体(capsule)，一个安装在吸入器壳体的套筒上，另一个安装在气溶胶药筒的底部上。在这些专利中，整个剂量计数器/显示器组件是置于密封盒体中的整体结构。此外，这些公开的组件包括有液晶显示器(LCD)，其显示出表示已分配剂量或者药筒中剩余剂量的多位数字。
另一种具有电子和/或机电型剂量计数器和显示器组件的现有技术吸入器在美国专利No.6,431,168中公开。该专利公开了整体式的电子和/或机电型剂量计数/致动显示器组件，其处于封闭或密封的盒体 内，并且具有用于向使用者显示从气溶胶药筒中分配的或者其中剩余的剂量数目。机电型剂量计数器/显示器组件在药筒的喷嘴端处固定到药筒。
在上述专利的所有情况下，通过显示器提供给使用者的显示信息是数字形式的(已分配剂量或剩余剂量)。在这些出版物中，响应于剂量的传送或者吸入器的“致动”，计数器和指示数字增加或减小。因而，对于显示器向使用者指示的“致动”信息，必须通过使用者对所指示数字跳动的观察来判断指示信息。而且，没有向使用者显示直接表现“药筒状态”的信息，也就是说，药筒是使用“安全”(剩余剂量数目足够)、处于“警告”区间(剩余剂量数目很少)、还是处于“危险”区域(没有剩余剂量)。使用者必须通过观察数字(这并不是一直易于执行的工作，尤其是对于视力或智力不佳的使用者)来自己判断“药筒状态”并判断所观察到的计数处于“安全”、“警告”还是“危险”区域。
此外，在一部分所述现有技术专利中，整体式的电子和/或机电型剂量计数器和致动显示器组件直接地固定至药筒，对于其中多个药筒顺序地用在一个壳体中的吸入器系统来说，这样做成本相对较高，因为每个药筒必须具有各自完整的电子和/或机电型剂量计数器和致动显示器组件。
本发明的一个目标是提供一种新的改进型药物吸入器，其具有将吸入器所包含的药筒的状态向使用者显示的设备。
本发明的又一目标是提供改进的吸入器，其具有关于药筒的信息，这种信息存储在药筒上以便用于产生向使用者显示的药筒状态信息。
本发明的又一目标是提供改进的吸入器，其具有可移除的药物容器或药筒，以允许清洁并且同时在使用者触发时能提供药筒状态的信息显示。
另一目标是提供吸入器，其将包含在吸入器内的可更换药物容器或药筒的总体状态的信息显示给使用者。
另一目标是提供一种药物容器或药筒，其具有使用者可使用的触 发组件以提供药筒状态信息的显示。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种具有为使用者提供的“药筒状态”指示器的吸入器。吸入器可包括美国专利No.5,447,150中图3-5中所公开类型的气溶胶药物吸入器设备，例如或者可选地，包括有容纳药物的储存器(本文中宽泛地称之为“药筒”)的其它吸入器设备。
在一个示例性实施例中，本发明提供了一种药物吸入器组件，其包括：壳体，其限定了沿着中心轴线布置的中央空隙区域；药物容器，其具有内部的药物包含储存器，并且沿着容器轴线延伸，并且在其一端处具有沿着容器轴线延伸并且结合到储存器的分配口。该吸入器还包括有用于在壳体的中央空隙区域内支承药物容器的装置，并且容器轴线基本上与壳体的中心轴线同轴，从而容器相对于壳体沿着中心轴线在第一方向上由使用者诱导的预定量运动导致药物从分配口中分配。
该吸入器还包括有连接到容器的识别装置，用于给出容器身份的信息表示，识别信息与壳体相关；以及连接到壳体的检测器，其适于当容器置于壳体的中央空隙区域中时检测给出的信息。检测器还在检测到的给出信息和与壳体相关的识别信息相一致时产生“正确”信号，否则产生“错误”信号。容器状态指示器组件连接到壳体并且包括有响应于“正确”信号用于检测容器相对于壳体的药物分配运动以及用于产生表示容器状态的使用者可读信号的装置。
在另一示例性形式中，本发明的吸入器向使用者显示(即指示)彩色编码的信息。例如，示例性的绿色发光二极管(LED)表示药筒处于“安全”区域，这时使用者无需关注药筒中剩余剂量数目是否足够，示例性的黄色发光二极管向使用者表示“警戒”：药筒中剩余剂量数目很少，应当考虑更换药筒，并且示例性的红色发光二极管表示药筒已经耗尽。在这种示例性形式中，绿色、黄色和红色发光二极管可以由具有适当绿色、黄色和红色滤色器的多重单色发光二极管来替换。该设备还可以使用LCD来代替LED。
具有这种示例性构造，使用者就具有了使用者实际需要的信息指示，也就是药筒状态，“安全”、“警戒”或“警告”(即没有剩余剂量)，而非已分配或剩余剂量数目的显示。在现有技术中，使用者必须主动地推断这个信息，这对于视力不佳或智力不好的使用者来说通常非常困难。具有本发明，使用者只需识别绿色、黄色或红色光(并且无需认识多位数字以及在逻辑上判断其表示药筒处于“安全”、“警戒”还是“警告”状态)。
显示器由计数器控制，计数器优选地安装在吸入器的壳体上，用于计数患者已经服用的剂量数目。计数器响应于开关状态的变化，开关状态的变化则响应于药筒和壳体之间的相对运动。
在本发明的另一示例性形式中，药筒状态指示器组件被分割成功能性区块，其中该组件的一部分固定到药筒(并且在剂量分配过程中相对于壳体运动)并且一部分固定到壳体。
在本发明的一个示例性形式中，药筒状态信息只是在分配一次剂量之后向使用者显示相对短暂的时间以节省电池能量。可选的，药筒状态信息只是在使用者执行某一个动作(除了实现剂量传送之外)之后向使用者显示相对短暂的时间以节省电池能量。这种动作可以包括吸入器铰接接口盖板的“打开”，或者安装在壳体上的“触发”开关的压下。
在本发明的又一其它形式中，药筒可以具有识别标志，比如条形码，或者其它可机读的标志，药筒状态指示器能利用该识别标志来监视剂量传送并将其显示给使用者，并且维持药筒上这个信息的电子存储。
在一种可选形式中，剂量传送信息存储在存储芯片中，存储芯片安装在壳体上，并且计数器具有被编程来识别药筒的识别标志的微处理器。只是当微处理器识别出药筒的识别标志时，药筒才能与壳体一起使用。否则，计数器将在显示器上显示“错误”或“空”信息。
从下述详细描述中，本发明的其它方面和优点将会变得很明显，其中本发明的示例性实施例只是以举例的方式示出和说明。可以认识 到，本发明可以有其它和不同的实施例并且其细节能在各种明显的方面中进行修改，所有这些都没有偏离本发明。于是，附图和说明本身视为是示例性的，而非限制性的。
附图说明
为了更完全地理解本发明的特点和目标，现在参考以下详细的描述和附图，在附图中同样的附图标记指示同样的元件并且其中：
图1是药物吸入器的一个示例性实施例的局部截面图，并且局部为框图形式，药物吸入器包括有根据本发明的药筒状态指示组件的示例性实施例；
图2A-2C示出了与图1所示吸入器一起使用的隔板的各种实施例的放大视图；
图3示出了图1所示吸入器中的隔板的放大截面图，示出为处于致动前的状态；
图4示出了图1所示吸入器中的隔板的放大截面图，示出为处于已致动的状态；
图5示出了图1所示吸入器的示例性药筒状态指示组件的框图；
图6-8示出了药物吸入器的一个示例性实施例的截面图，药物吸入器包括有根据本发明的药筒状态指示组件的不同示例性实施例；
图9和10分别示出了用于图7和8所示药筒状态指示组件的实施例的示例性电连接的截面图；
图11-15示出了根据本发明构造的药筒状态指示组件的可选实施例；
图16示出了根据本发明的吸入器和药筒状态指示组件的其它实施例的横截面视图；
图17示出了图16所示吸入器和药筒状态指示组件的分解透视图；
图18示出了图16所示吸入器的局部横截面视图，该吸入器与根据本发明构造的套筒元件的另一示例性实施例一起示出，图18还示出了套筒的透视图；
图19示出了根据本发明一个示例性实施例的定向机构；
图20A和20B示出了开关组件的示例性实施例，其用作本发明的药筒状态指示组件的部件；
图21示出了根据本发明的另一示例性开关组件；
图22示出了根据本发明的又一示例性开关组件；
图23示出了根据本发明的再一示例性开关组件；
图24A示出了根据本申请的显示器的示例性实施例，其用作药筒状态指示组件的部件；
图24B示出了根据本申请的显示器的另一示例性实施例，其用作药筒状态指示组件的部件。
具体实施方式
具体化本发明的一个示例性吸入器在图1中示出。所示吸入器是美国专利No.5,447,150所示通用类型的气动的力平衡式吸气致动型吸入器，不过还包括有药筒指示组件700。组件700在图1中总体地指示；组件700的详细示例在下述的图5-8中示出。
在图1-4所示布置中，吸入设备400由主体或壳体402构成，该主体或壳体沿着轴线X-X延伸并且横截面大致为圆柱形，一端有接口段405并且另一端有容纳气体进口420的端盖407。大致圆柱形的已知类型的计量剂量的气溶胶药物分配容器25沿着轴线Y-Y延伸并且容纳在设备的主体内。气溶胶药物分配容器具有一个包含气溶胶分配阀(未示出)的杆40。杆40支承在从壳体402延伸的杆座(stemblock)41上。孔径15是这样的以使得其在气溶胶分配容器25的杆40上形成气密密封。台肩45限制和定位杆40的位置，杆40又将气溶胶分配容器25定位在壳体402内的合适位置处以使得容器25大致与壳体402同轴。通道50从孔径15延伸，从台肩45延续直到与分配喷嘴55互连。
分配容器25的相对端部被容纳在与壳体402具有相似横截面的套筒421内。套筒421和壳体402的纵轴大致同轴。套筒与主体的内壁松散地滑动接触并且可以在其壁中包括有数个半槽430以允许主体中的空气自由地通过套筒。如下所示，套筒421可以通过与隔板440相 连接而保持在原处，隔板440保持为与壳体402的顶部相连接。因而，套筒421实际上从壳体的顶部悬垂。
示例性的模制柔性隔板440(如图2A所示)的一端包括有刚性盘状段441、柔性的大致圆柱形壁段445和更刚性的连接器段447，该端装配在套筒中特制槽450的周围，例如通过卡扣配合。隔板上的又一模制唇部470为压缩弹簧460的一端提供了滑动配合。压缩弹簧被如此地定位并且自由地作用在套筒上。压缩弹簧的另一端由一个环形台肩481定位在容纳在壳体402顶部段中主要圆柱形的凸缘插入物480里。这个插入物包括有槽490，柔性隔板440的盘状段441卡口配合入该槽中。
优选地，隔板440是由多步模制工艺制成的多材料隔板(如图2B和2C所示)，其中第一部分(比如盘)在第一步骤中模制，第二部分(比如弯曲部和环)在第二步骤中模制，并且同时结合到第一部分。可选地，隔板也可以在一个步骤中模制。
具有如图2B所示的多材料隔板构造，相对较厚的盘部“A”由刚性材料(相对较高的刚度)模制，当闭合区域600处于负压时其尤其抵抗弯曲变形，而相对较薄的弯曲部“B”由最适宜柔性(相对较低的刚度)的材料模制，以允许高性能。相对较薄的弯曲部分“B”沿着基本上平行于隔板中心轴线的连续表面结合至盘部“A”。图2C示出了多材料隔板的另一实施例，其中隔板440的盘部包括两层A’和B’，并且两层A’和B’之一由刚性材料制成，另一个由相对柔性的材料制成。
对隔板的盘部使用刚性材料允许了在不损害盘部硬度的前提下降低了该段的厚度，从而实质上降低了所需的模制周期时间。本领域的技术人员能理解到，在一个部件中使用等同的段有利于优化并且提高模制工艺的效率。在本发明的一个示例性形式中，隔板由两步骤模制工艺制造，首先模制盘，然后是弯曲部，以使得弯曲部的内部邻近中心盘的周边部分并与之结合。也可以使用替代方法，比如将弯曲部压缩模制到使用硫化材料的刚性插入物上，或者将硅酮橡胶浇注到刚性 插入物上。
隔板连接器段447和内套筒槽450之间的接合布置为气密型并且套筒422的顶面形状与隔板的内部形状相适应以使得在吸入器的静止位置，这两个表面密切接近，并且两者之间的包围空间非常小。
圆柱形插入物480由装配入设备主体的端盖407保持在合适位置处。这样就在空气进口槽420和隔板的刚性部分441之间形成腔室590。该腔室设置有一个或多个空气通路580以使得空气可以从空气进口槽420通向接口405。隔板的刚性的盘状段441还包括有小阀口495，其通常由容纳在叶片550中的阀封(阀瓣)540所覆盖，叶片550枢轴地连接至插入物480。
处于静止位置的叶片550分隔介于空气进口420和连接到接口的空气通路580之间的腔室590，以使得其可以从其静止位置借助于空气进口和接口之间的压力下降而移动。在叶片向已致动位置移动时，阀封(阀瓣)540被充分地移动以打开阀口495。(叶片550可以被未示出的轻质弹簧弯曲部、重物或磁铁所偏置而闭合)。
如图1所示，壳体402具有枢轴500的端部具有一个凹陷，该凹陷适于容纳一个与作用在枢轴上的防尘盖510成整体的凸轮520。凹陷还包括一个通路，该通路与一个模制入壳体402内壁中的类似通路相连通。从内套筒421的下边缘延伸的凸轮从动件530作用在凸轮上以使得，当防尘盖处于闭合位置时，凸轮从动件迫使内套筒达到其最高位置。
当防尘盖510被旋转到打开位置时，凸轮轮廓是这样的以使得凸轮从动件能自由地向下运动一个量，其足以允许设备的致动。
在其静止位置，防尘盖510闭合，凸轮从动件530将内套筒421限制在其最高位置处，以使得形成于隔板440和内套筒顶面422之间的封闭空间最大并且弹簧460被压缩。阀口495被阀封(阀瓣)540封闭并且套筒421离开气溶胶药筒25的顶部，从而其被卸载。
打开防尘盖，旋转整个凸轮520，以允许凸轮从动件530降低DD。内套筒在弹簧460的作用下被迫向下运动。在内套筒向下运动时，隔 板440和内套筒之间的封闭体积增加一个线性等同量D’D’，小于或等于DD。由于阀口495封闭，这样就在空间600中形成了低压或近似真空(图3)。封闭空间600和大气压之间的压力差是这样的以致于内套筒倾向于抵抗弹簧的动作。随着内套筒向下运动，其接触到气溶胶药筒25并且开始喷雾阀(未示出)的压缩。
内套筒的向下运动将一直持续，直到在弹簧460的压缩力和由于喷雾阀的压力差和压缩所形成的抗力之间达到平衡。设备的几何形状被设置为使得这个平衡在喷雾阀已经被充分地压缩从而致动之前就已出现。
典型的气溶胶需要大约20至30牛的力来致动。弹簧460相应地应当提供更大的力，优选地超过10％至50％。
还可以将力的平衡布置为在内套筒接触到气溶胶药筒之前发生，以使得弹簧力被内套筒借助于压力差所产生的抗力所平衡。
在患者通过接口405吸气时，在朝着一端枢轴转动的叶片550上形成小的压力差。这个压力差导致叶片从静止位置移动到致动位置(如图4所示)。叶片以及腔室590内空气通路580的设计是这样的以使得，在致动位置，空气能自由地从空气进口420流动到患者。
叶片550的运动导致阀封(阀瓣)540从与阀口495的密封位置移开。打开阀口就允许了空气进入隔板和内套筒之间的缝隙600以使得封闭空间达到大气压力。这样就导致了作用在套筒421和容器25上的力之间的不平衡。因而弹簧460迫使套筒和容器向下运动，导致了测量剂量的药物通过分配喷嘴55的释放并且在患者吸气的同时进入接口。因而患者吸入带有计量剂量药物的空气。
在患者吸入一个剂量之后，防尘盖510返回到封闭位置。这样就使凸轮520旋转并且导致凸轮从动件530被迫向上运动。这样又作用在内套筒421上，使其向上运动从而压缩弹簧460并且封闭隔板和内套筒顶面422之间的缝隙600。这就迫使空气离开封闭空间600，空气通过阀口495离开，提升阀封(阀瓣)540。由于阀封(阀瓣)只是稍微偏向其闭合位置，其对离开封闭空间的空气流几乎不具有阻力。气 溶胶药筒在其自身喷雾阀弹簧的作用下自由地返回到静止位置。
在使用之前，使用者将气溶胶分配药筒25装载入壳体402。气溶胶药筒25可通过在壳体402中提供粗牙螺纹螺旋而装载，例如围绕线I-I。当壳体402的一部分已经被拧松时，可以插入气溶胶药筒25。壳体402随后可以通过将内套筒置于药筒25的顶端上而替换，这样设备400就可以使用了。可选地，设备400可以作为一个密封单元来制造。
该设备可以设有用来提供流向使用者或吸入器的受控气流的装置。因而可以提供声学设备，例如簧片，当吸入气流大于预定水平(例如超过30至50升/分)时，簧片就会发出声音。声学设备可以位于接口95内或空气进口420的下面。所产生的声音警告患者要以较低的速率呼吸。
该设备还可以设有一种装置以使得其不会在低于某一预定气流速率(例如10至30升/分)的速率下运行。在一个实施例中，叶片550将被弹簧偏置以使得必须有预定的最小气流才能将其移动到致动位置并且使得阀封能打开。
如同本发明以上实施例中所述，分配设备的主体优选地由塑料(比如聚丙烯、醛缩醇或模制聚苯乙烯)制成。然而，也可以用金属或其它适合的材料来制造。
在一个示例性形式中，药筒状态指示组件700包括有如图5所示的元件。以下将结合与下述图1-4所述形式的吸入器一起使用来描述药筒状态指示组件700，但是对于本领域的技术人员来说很显然，其也能很容易地适合于其它形式的吸入器。
在图5中，示例性的药筒状态指示组件700包括以下顺序连接的区组：开关702、计数器704、第一存储器706A、第二存储器706B、译码器708、驱动器710、显示器712以及电池(电源)714。在所示实施例中，元件704、706A、706B、708、710和712都连接至电池714并由电池714供电。如图5所示，电池714是整体元件，但是在本发明的各种形式中，电池714可以包括多个电池，每个电池驱动元 件704、706A、706B、708、710和712中的一个或截然不同的多个。优选地，元件704、706A、706B、708、710和712呈一个或多个特定用途集成电路(ASICs)的形式，尽管各种电路元件可以具有其它常规形式。开关702是响应于气溶胶药筒(或药筒)25和杆40中的喷嘴之间的相对运动在两个电极之间产生短路从而向计数器704提供一个“事件”信号的设备。
在本发明的示例性形式中，“事件”是一个剂量的分配。开关702可以被药筒25的直接轴向运动而致动，或者可以是“侧面安装”在药筒上，以使得当药筒轴向运动时，一个从壳体402内部横向延伸的元件引起开关702的致动。
计数器704响应于每个事件信号，当事件信号发生时，增加(或减小)计数，使得一个表示计数器计数状态的计数信号存储在第一存储器706A中。如下所述，计数器状态信号也存储在可选的(如下所述)第二存储器706B中。译码器708响应于(存储器706A或可选的存储器706B中)存储的计数器信号将计数器状态信号解码成译码器输出信号的形式，译码器输出信号表示将显示给使用者的信息。在一个示例性形式中，译码器708对计数器状态信号进行处理(如同现有技术中的设备要求使用者在头脑中所做的那样)以判断计数器状态表示药筒处于“安全”、“警戒”还是“警告”状态。在本发明的另一形式中，可以显示不同数目的药筒状态，例如两个或四个。在所示实施例中，在两位的二进制信号中能表示三种状态。译码器输出信号应用到驱动器710，其将译码器输出信号转换成适当的电流和电压水平从而驱动显示器714，显示器714响应于此根据译码器输出信号点亮绿色、黄色或红色发光二极管。
开关/计数器组件响应于剂量分配而操作从而响应于每个剂量而增大(或减小)，或者致动。然而，在本发明的一个示例性形式中，在不同事件发生之后，例如，开关响应于机械运动(例如盖510的打开)的闭合(未示出)，或者“触发”开关的压下(未示出)，只是采用驱动器来点亮显示器一个相对短的时间(例如10秒)。
在本发明的不同实施例中，药筒状态显示组件700的各个元件可以处于不同位置上。当组件700的元件固定到药筒25时，这些元件被支承在药筒的套筒体720中，该套筒体是(优选地，但不是必须地)一个单体结构，并固定到药筒25。为了容纳组件700在药筒25上的元件和在壳体402上的元件之间的电连接，优选地使用弹簧加载的电极722、724来从壳体402的内壁延伸，并且与套筒体720另一表面上的电极732、734相接触。优选地，套筒体720上的接触完全地在套筒体720周围延伸以使得药筒不必具有任何特殊的角度朝向。
图6-8示出了这样的实施例，但是这些只是举例，根据本发明也可以使用其它构造。
在图6中，显示器712置于壳体402上并且组件700的其余元件固定到药筒25，靠近药筒的喷嘴端。在这种形式中，没有使用可选的第二存储器706B。具有这种构造，药筒25包括有表示药筒25中(或者从药筒中分配的)剂量准确数目的信息，并且一直保持该信息。然而，译码的计数的指示器或信号，即发光二极管的信号，置于壳体上。这就降低了使用了多个药筒的吸入器系统的成本，因为对于多个药筒只是使用一个显示器(即一组发光二极管)。
图7示出了一种可选的吸入器系统，其优化了图6所示吸入器系统结构的节省部件的优点。在图7中，存储器706B和电池714(通过体720)固定到药筒25并且组件700的其它元件固定到壳体402。在这种构造中，当一个药筒处于壳体402内的合适位置时，计数器704如同图6所示系统中那样增加(或减小)，并且计数器的状态存储在药筒25上的存储器706B中。电池714位于药筒25上并且给存储器706B供电以维持该信号，即使药筒25从壳体402上移除。在这个实施例中，计数器704包括有处理器724，以(在移除之后)检测药筒更换入壳体402。在检测到药筒25再次插入壳体402时，处理器724将存储在存储器706B中的计数信号装载到计数器704中。
此后，吸入器的致动(即剂量的分配)导致计数器704内存储的数值增加(或减小)，这个数值又传送药筒25上的存储器706B，因此 存储在药筒上的数值准确地表示了从药筒25分配的(或者药筒中剩余的)剂量数目。这个数目被译码和处理成彩色编码的“药筒状态”信息，这个信息显示给使用者。
图8示出了另一实施例，其中体720的形式为在药筒25的喷嘴端和底部之间固定到药筒25的圆柱形套筒。在图8所示形式中，部件的布置与图7所示实施例相同，但是也可以使用其它构造，比如图6所示构造。体720的套筒结构提供了相对较大的细长结构，从而允许了电触点在体720上的部件和壳体402的部件之间的容易装配。
在图7和8的构造中，仅仅使用了一个电池，其安装在药筒上。当药筒定位在壳体402内时，除了存储器706B之外，电池还电连接至组件700的其它部件以向它们提供电能。在本发明的其它形式中，电池714可以包括体720中的第一电池和壳体402中的第二电池。
图9-10分别示出了用于图7和8所示实施例的详细的示例性电接触构造，不同之处在于元件704、706A、708、710、712和724在壳体402的“接口”侧。在附图中，体720包括有一个模制凸起728，当药筒25在剂量分配或致动事件期间轴向移动时，该模制凸起布置为与从壳体402内表面延伸的开关702的工作部分干扰地啮合。这种干扰啮合提供了导致计数器702增加(或减小)的信号。为了简单起见，在体720上只是示出了两个导电带732、734，并且图9和10中只是示出了一个连接器722(用于电连接至体720上的一个导电带)。任何数目的这种连接都可以实施。具有图10所示的相对细长的体720，就具有了用于很多这种连接的充足空间。
虽然上述实施例都公开了发光二极管(连同相关的驱动器)用作显示器，但是本发明的其它实施例可以包括，另外地或可选地，多位显示器(比如多位液晶显示器(LCDs)或发光二极管)，其显示出表示从药筒分配的(或者药筒中剩余的)剂量数目的信号。此外，还有其它实施例可以将一个可视信号(比如闪光)直接显示给使用者，所述可视信号表示一次致动的发生。
虽然上述实施例公开了使用者可视的显示器，这种显示器响应于 除了剂量分配之外的事件，比如盖的打开，但是其它实施例可以提供类似的显示器，其响应于剂量分配事件的检测。
图11-15示出了具体化本发明各种形式的可选吸入器构造。在图11和12中，整个指示组件700置于壳体402上。在图13中，存储器796A安装在药筒上，但是其类型为在移除电源之后能保持信息。
在图16中，吸入器包括有连接至药筒25的套筒802，和连接至壳体402的指示器单元804，该指示器单元包括计数器和显示器。图17示出了图16所示吸入器的分解视图。开关806、识别(ID)芯片808(例如射频识别(RFID)芯片，或另一形式的可读设备)、以及承载部件的印刷电路板(PCB)810连接至套筒802。在一个示例性形式中，指示器单元804包括前塑料壳体812、后塑料壳体814、电池816、液晶显示器(LCD)820、承载部件的印刷电路板(PCB)822、以及触点826。当药筒25处于壳体402中时，触点826用来连接安装在药筒上的PCB 810和ID芯片808。安装在壳体上的PCB 822构造有微处理器，其通过触点826读取存储在ID芯片808中的信息，并且响应于这个信息，识别和接受将与壳体402一起使用的药筒25。微处理器还计数和存储已经响应于开关806的“开”和“关”致动而取出的剂量数目。在本实施例中，套筒802(或药筒)上没有存储器。其它实施例可以在套筒(或药筒)上具有存储器。
LCD显示器820通过壳体402显示药筒25的识别以及由于剂量传送动作所导致的药筒25的状态。前壳体812和后壳体814优选地通过超声能量焊接在一起。指示器单元804优选地卡扣配合至壳体402。
ID芯片808配置有独特的机器可读的编码以识别药筒25。在本发明的示例性形式中，只是当壳体上的指示器单元804识别相关药筒的ID编码时，壳体才能与这个药筒一起使用；否则，计数器将在LCD上显示“空”或“错误”信息，以使得使用者能够知道他将错误的药筒放入壳体中。只是一个药筒与一个壳体相匹配。这保证了存储在壳体上的微处理器的存储器内的剂量数目指示已经从药筒取出的(或药筒中剩余的)剂量的准确数目。ID芯片还能用来存储其它信息，例如 显示药筒中药物的种类、有效期限、剂量数目等。
套筒802和指示器单元804都具有触点，因此指示器单元804能通过套筒802和指示器单元804上的触点读取药筒25的ID。当药筒25装载在壳体402中时，套筒802上的触点830和指示器单元804上的触点826相连接，如图18所示。优选地，一组触点826和触点830连接至壳体或套筒，以及另一组触点826和触点830是弹簧加载的触点。在图18所示实施例中，为了保证每次药筒25装载入壳体402时触点830和826相连接，药筒25设置有对准肋板834并且壳体402限定有容纳肋板834的对准凹陷，如图19所示。在一个可选形式中，触点830设置为在套筒802的外表面上具有环形形状，如图14和15所示，因此，即使没有定向机构，通过对准肋板和凹陷的作用，套筒802上的触点830总是能与指示器单元804上的触点826相接触。
图20-23示出了数个开关机构，其能与本发明一起使用。本领域的技术人员能理解到，开关设计并不限于这里所述的实施例，并且本领域的其它开关也能与本发明一起使用。图20A和20B示出了开关组件的一个示例性设计。开关包括有两个连接到套筒802底部的触点850A和850B，如图20A所示。触点850A和850B彼此间隔开。如图20B所示的导电桥852在两个触点850A和850B下面的一个位置处安装到壳体上。当具有套筒802的药筒25被压下时，两个触点850A和850B通过电桥852电连接。这样就闭合了开关，这又导致了计数器又计数了一个分配剂量(或者剩余剂量少一个)。当药筒25被释放时，触点850A和850B将与电桥852分开并返回到打开状态。
图21示出了另一示例性开关，其包括安装在指示器单元804上的触点860A，和安装在套筒802上的触点860B。在释放条件下，触点860A和860B并不处于相同的水平并且彼此不接触(附图中未示出)。当药筒25被压下以执行一次剂量时，套筒802上的触点860B与指示器单元804上的触点860A相接触，如图21所示，并且开关闭合，这使得计数器增大(或减小)一个单元。当药筒25被释放时，开关返回到打开状态。
图22示出了又一示例性开关，这是一个相对运动型开关。如图22所示，开关包括有安装在套筒802上的导电轨道870。导电轨道870的特征在于线性电阻。两个电连接到指示器单元804的触点872和874置于轨道870上。当药筒25上下移动时，导电轨道870在两个触点872和874之间的长度就发生变化，并且相应于两个触点872和874之间轨道长度的变化，两个触点872和874之间的电阻也将变化。指示器单元804还包括有测量两个触点872和874之间电阻变化的电路。如果电阻变化等于预定值，这个预定值对应于药筒处于分配药物的行程点，那么指示器单元804中的计数器将增大(或减小)一个单元，表示患者已经服用了一个剂量。
图23示出了再一示例性开关，这是一个感应开关。这个开关包括有安装在指示单元804和套筒802之一上的感应区域发生器880，以及安装在指示单元804和套筒802之中的另一个上并且适于与发生器880所产生的区域相干扰的检测器882。感应区域的特征在于如图23中圆圈所示意性表示的范围。当药筒25上下移动时，检测器882移动进入和离开感应区域的范围。检测器882(在区域内或外)的状态变化将指示一个剂量的服用，并且计数器的指示将增大(或减小)一个单元。
在一个示例性形式中，指示器单元上的液晶显示器(LCD)显示出药筒的状态，如图24A和24B所示。也能使用发光二极管来识别药筒的状态，比如上述红-黄-绿构造。
图24A示出了三段式显示系统。所示格式提供了，例如，“全黑”(或“充满”)药物图标(段2)和药筒轮廓图标(段3)(当段2和3处于“打开”时)，表示药筒包含的药物剂量数目超过X1的安全状态，其中X1是预定数目。当只是段3打开时显示器提供了药筒轮廓图标(段3)(也就是说，当段3处于“打开”并且段2处于“关闭”时)，表示药筒包含的药物剂量数目少于X1药物剂量的警告状态。
图24B示出了可选的四段式显示系统。所示格式提供了，例如，“全黑”(或“充满”)药物图标(段2和3)和药筒轮廓图标(段4) (当段2、3和4处于“打开”时)，表示药筒包含的药物剂量数目超过X1的“安全”状态，其中X1是第一预定数目。显示器提供了具有黑色部分内容物(或“半满”)药物黑色图标(段3)的药筒轮廓黑色图标(段4)(当段3和4打开时)，表示药筒包含的药物剂量数目小于X1但大于X2的“警戒”状态，其中X2是第二预定数目，其小于X1。显示器提供了没有内容物(或“空”)药物图标的药筒轮廓图标(段4)，(当只是段4打开时)，表示药筒包含的药物剂量数目少于X2的“警告”状态。
在其它实施例中，可以使用不同的多段式显示器来以更多的间隔来指示药筒状态。
分配器的壳体需要洗涤以避免杆座的堵塞。为了提醒患者来洗涤分配器，LCD还包括有洗涤指示器，在图24A和24B中表示为段1，其在进行了预定数目的剂量之后点亮。也可以使用其它形式的显示图标构造来指示药筒的状态以及提醒患者来清洗分配器。
在一个实施例中，分配器还包括有一个机构(图16中的状态按钮900)，用于在每次进行一个剂量之后将LCD致动来显示药筒状态信息一个相对短的时间。在这种形式中，分配器还包括有一个状态按钮，其控制LCD。在另一实施例中，患者能在任何时候通过压下状态按钮以打开LCD从而检查药筒的状态。在本发明的一个示例性形式中，在一个短暂的时间之后，LCD自动地关闭以节省电池能量。
本发明的设备计划用于可以体验本发明益处的任何哺乳动物。在哺乳动物中，最主要的是人类，尽管本发明并不限于此，而是可以应用于兽医。因而，根据本发明，“哺乳动物”或“危急中的哺乳动物”包括人类以及人类之外的其它哺乳动物，尤其是家养动物，包括但不限于猫、狗和马。
这种设备可以用于任何可有利地施加于哺乳动物肺部或鼻孔以治疗或缓解任何疾病或征候的药物制剂。本发明的剂量形式可以包括宽泛范围的药物、生物活性的活性物质和药物成分。可用药物的例子包括ace抑制剂、痤疮药、生物碱类、氨基酸制剂、合成代谢类制剂、 镇痛剂、麻醉剂、解酸剂、抗心绞痛药、抗焦虑剂、抗心律不齐药、止喘药、抗生素、抗胆固醇血药、抗凝血剂、抗惊厥药、抗抑郁药、抗糖尿病剂、抗腹泻制剂、解毒剂、抗呕剂、抗组胺剂、降血压药、消炎药、抗脂剂、抗躁狂药、止恶心药、止恶心剂、抗肿瘤药、减肥药、抗帕金森症剂、安定药、解热药、抗风湿剂、镇痉剂、抗中风剂、抗血栓药、抗甲腺制剂、抗癌药、止咳药、防溃疡剂、anti-uricemic药、抗病毒药、食欲刺激剂或抑制剂、生物反应调节剂、血液调节剂、骨头新陈代谢调节剂、心血管剂、中枢神经系统刺激药、脑扩张剂(cerebral dilators)、抗胆碱酯酶药、避孕药、冠状扩张器、止咳药、减充血剂、饮食补充物、利尿剂、DNA和基因改变药、多巴胺受体促效药、子宫内膜异位症处理剂、酶类、勃起功能障碍治疗药(therapies)、红血球生成药、祛痰药、妊娠促进剂、肠胃病剂、顺势疗法药物、激素、高和低血糖剂、高钙血和低钙血处理剂、安眠药、免疫调节剂、免疫抑制剂、离子交换树脂、轻泻剂、偏头痛制剂、运动病治疗药、粘液溶解药、肌肉驰缓药、神经肌肉药、肥胖病处理剂、骨质疏松制剂、催产药、副交感神经阻滞药、拟副交感神经药、毛细血管扩张药、前列腺素、心理治疗药、精神病治疗药、兴奋剂、呼吸药剂、镇静剂、戒烟助剂、交感神经阻滞药、系统和非系统的抗感染剂、terine弛缓剂、甲状腺和抗甲状腺制剂、镇定剂、震颤制剂、尿道药、血管收缩剂、血管扩张剂以及它们的组合物。
在不偏离本发明精神或实质特点的前提下，本发明可以以其它具体的形式具体化。因此，目前的实施例无论从哪个方面来说都视为是示例性的并且不是限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求来指定而非由前述描述来指定，并且因此其中涵盖了包含在权利要求涵义和等同范围内的所有变化。

Claims (30)

1.一种药物吸入器组件，包括：
壳体，其限定了沿着中心轴线布置的中央空隙区域；
药物容器，其具有内部的药物包含储存器，并且沿着药物容器轴线延伸，并且在其一端处具有沿着所述药物容器轴线延伸的分配口，所述分配口结合到所述药物包含储存器，所述药物容器包含位于所述药物包含储存器中的药物，所述药物为多剂量的形式；
用于在所述中央空隙区域内支承所述药物容器的装置，并且所述药物容器轴线基本上与所述中心轴线同轴，从而所述药物容器相对于所述壳体沿着所述中心轴线在第一方向上由使用者诱导的预定量运动导致药物从所述分配口中分配；
用于识别所述药物容器的识别装置，所述识别装置连接到所述药物容器，所述识别装置构造成用于给出所述药物容器身份的信息表示，所述身份与所述壳体相关；
连接到所述壳体的检测器，其适于当所述药物容器置于所述壳体的所述中央空隙区域中时检测来自所述识别装置的所述给出的信息，以及用于当所述检测到的给出信息和与所述壳体相关的所述识别信息相一致时产生正确信号，否则产生错误信号；和
连接到所述壳体和所述药物容器的容器状态指示器组件，其包括检测装置用于检测所述药物容器相对于所述壳体的药物分配运动，还包括信号装置用于产生表示所述药物容器状态的信号。
2.根据权利要求1的组件，其中所述药物容器的状态包括第一状态和第二状态。
3.根据权利要求2的组件，其中所述第一状态表示所述药物包含储存器包含至少第一预定数目的剂量，所述第一状态为安全状态，使得所述药物包含储存器包括合格量的剂量，并且第二状态表示所述药物包含储存器包含少于所述第一预定数目的剂量，所述第二状态为警告状态，使得所述药物包含储存器包括少于合格量的剂量。
4.根据权利要求3的组件，其中所述容器状态指示器包括有图形显示设备，该图形显示设备包括一个具有内部空隙区域的外部段以及一个位于所述内部空隙区域内的药物段，其中当所述药物包含储存器包括至少第一预定数目的剂量时，所述外部段和所述药物段都打开，但是当所述药物包含储存器包括少于所述第一预定数目的剂量时，只是所述外部段打开。
5.根据权利要求4的组件，其中所述外部段为矩形形状。
6.根据权利要求4的组件，其中所述外部段为三角形形状。
7.根据权利要求1的组件，其中所述药物容器的状态包括第一状态、第二状态和第三状态，其中所述第一状态表示所述药物包含储存器包含至少第一预定数目的剂量，所述第一状态为安全状态，使得所述药物包含储存器包括合格量的剂量，所述第二状态表示所述储存器包含少于所述第一预定数目的剂量并且多于第二预定数目的剂量，所述第二状态为警戒状态，所述第二预定数目的剂量少于合格数目的剂量，第三状态表示所述药物包含储存器包含少于所述第二预定数目的剂量，所述第三状态为警告状态，所述第一预定数目的剂量大于所述第二预定数目的剂量。
8.根据权利要求7的组件，其中所述容器状态指示器包括图形显示设备，该图形显示设备具有一个限定内部空隙区域的外部段以及位于所述外部段的所述内部空隙区域内的第一和第二药物段，其中当所述药物包含储存器包括至少第一预定数目的剂量时，所述外部段和所述第一和第二药物段都打开，但是当所述药物包含储存器包括少于第一预定数目的剂量并且多于所述第二预定数目的剂量时，只是所述外部段和所述第一药物段打开，当所述药物包含储存器包括少于所述第二预定数目的剂量时，只有所述外部段打开。
9.根据权利要求8的组件，其中所述外部段为矩形形状。
10.根据权利要求8的组件，其中所述外部段为三角形形状。
11.根据权利要求1的组件，其中所述药物容器是气溶胶容器。
12.根据权利要求11的组件，其中所述药物选自于由以下药物组成的组：ace抑制剂、痤疮药、生物碱类、氨基酸制剂、合成代谢类制剂、镇痛剂、麻醉剂、解酸剂、抗心绞痛药、抗焦虑剂、抗心律不齐药、止喘药、抗生素、抗胆固醇血药、抗凝血剂、抗惊厥药、抗抑郁药、抗糖尿病剂、抗腹泻制剂、解毒剂、抗呕剂、抗组胺剂、降血压药、消炎药、抗脂剂、抗躁狂药、止恶心药、止恶心剂、抗肿瘤药、减肥药、抗帕金森症剂、安定药、解热药、抗风湿剂、镇痉剂、抗中风剂、抗血栓药、抗甲腺制剂、抗癌药、止咳药、防溃疡剂、抗病毒药、食欲刺激剂或抑制剂、生物反应调节剂、血液调节剂、骨头新陈代谢调节剂、心血管剂、中枢神经系统刺激药、脑扩张剂、抗胆碱酯酶药、避孕药、冠状扩张器、止咳药、减充血剂、饮食补充物、利尿剂、DNA和基因改变药、多巴胺受体促效药、子宫内膜异位症处理剂、酶类、勃起功能障碍治疗药、红血球生成药、祛痰药、妊娠促进剂、肠胃病剂、顺势疗法药物、激素、高和低血糖剂、高钙血和低钙血处理剂、安眠药、免疫调节剂、免疫抑制剂、离子交换树脂、轻泻剂、偏头痛制剂、运动病治疗药、粘液溶解药、肌肉驰缓药、神经肌肉药、肥胖病处理剂、骨质疏松制剂、催产药、副交感神经阻滞药、拟副交感神经药、毛细血管扩张药、前列腺素、心理治疗药、精神病治疗药、兴奋剂、呼吸药剂、镇静剂、戒烟助剂、交感神经阻滞药、系统和非系统的抗感染剂、甲状腺和抗甲状腺制剂、镇定剂、震颤制剂、尿道药、血管收缩剂、血管扩张剂以及它们的组合物。
13.根据权利要求1的组件，其中所述识别装置是射频识别设备。
14.根据权利要求1的组件，其中所述检测器由弹簧加载的接触组件结合到所述识别装置，所述弹簧加载的接触组件包括连接到所述壳体和所述药物容器之一的固定触点，并且包括连接到所述壳体和所述药物容器中另一个的弹簧加载的触点。
15.根据权利要求1的组件，其中所述容器状态指示器由弹簧加载的接触组件结合到所述药物容器，所述弹簧加载的接触组件包括连接到所述壳体和所述药物容器之一的固定触点，并且包括连接到所述壳体和所述药物容器中另一个的弹簧加载的触点。
16.根据权利要求1的组件，其中所述检测器包括有显示器，用于指示由所述检测器产生的正确或错误信号。
17.根据权利要求1的组件，其中所述容器状态指示器包括有显示器，用于指示由所述容器状态指示器产生的所述信号。
18.根据权利要求17的组件，其中所述显示器为液晶显示器。
19.根据权利要求17的组件，其中所述显示器包括发光二极管设备。
20.根据权利要求17的组件，其中所述显示器包括有开关，其响应于所述药物容器相对于所述壳体由所述使用者诱导的运动来打开所述显示器并且在相对短暂的时间之后再关闭所述显示器。
21.根据权利要求17的组件，其中所述显示器包括有开关，该开关具有可以从组件的外表面操作的控制按钮，其中当使用者压下所述控制按钮时，所述开关打开所述显示器并且在相对短暂的时间之后再关闭所述显示器。
22.根据权利要求17的组件，其中所述显示器包括图形显示器和数字显示器。
23.根据权利要求1的组件，还包括有连接到所述药物容器的套筒，其中所述识别装置连接到所述套筒。
24.根据权利要求23的组件，其中所述套筒位于所述具有分配口的一端处。
25.根据权利要求23的组件，其中所述套筒位于或靠近所述药物容器的中间部分。
26.根据权利要求23的组件，其中所述套筒包括至少一个纵向肋板并且所述壳体限定了至少一个槽，该槽用于容纳所述至少一个纵向肋板以维持所述药物容器在所述壳体内的期望对准。
27.根据权利要求1的组件，其中所述容器状态指示器包括存储设备，用于存储所述药物容器的状态。
28.根据权利要求1的组件，其中所述容器状态指示器包括有工作地连接到所述药物容器和所述壳体的开关组件，以及用于计数从所述药物容器分配的剂量数目的计数器，其中所述药物分配运动致动所述开关组件，所述开关组件又致动所述计数器来计数一个单元。
29.根据权利要求28的组件，其中所述开关组件包括有连接到所述药物容器和所述壳体之一的U形的导电轨道，以及连接到所述药物容器和所述壳体中的另一个并且电连接到所述轨道的两个触点，其中所述药物容器相对于所述壳体的分配运动引起所述两个触点之间的轨道长度改变，这又致动所述计数器来计数一个单元。
30.根据权利要求28的组件，其中所述开关组件包括有连接到所述药物容器和所述壳体之一的感应区域发生器，以及连接到所述药物容器和所述壳体中另一个的感应检测器，其中所述感应检测器探测所述感应区域发生器相对于所述感应检测器的运动，并且从而致动所述计数器来计数一个单元。
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KR20050114637A (ko) 2005-12-06
WO2004078236A3 (en) 2005-09-29
CA2518117C (en) 2014-05-20
JP2007524435A (ja) 2007-08-30
AU2004218347A1 (en) 2004-09-16
KR101124007B1 (ko) 2012-03-23
MXPA05009485A (es) 2005-10-26
NO336841B1 (no) 2015-11-16
US20050081846A1 (en) 2005-04-21

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