CN1500773A - 作为药物的环状氨基酸及其衍生物 - Google Patents
作为药物的环状氨基酸及其衍生物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1500773A CN1500773A CNA200310120932A CN200310120932A CN1500773A CN 1500773 A CN1500773 A CN 1500773A CN A200310120932 A CNA200310120932 A CN A200310120932A CN 200310120932 A CN200310120932 A CN 200310120932A CN 1500773 A CN1500773 A CN 1500773A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- acetate
- amino methyl
- cyclopentyl
- methyl
- cyclobutyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229940093740 amino acid and derivative Drugs 0.000 title description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 title description 2
- 239000008177 pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 title 1
- -1 cyclic amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 72
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- 230000036506 anxiety Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000036407 pain Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 206010015037 epilepsy Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 208000018522 Gastrointestinal disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 208000002173 dizziness Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 162
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 206010010904 Convulsion Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
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- OPAXRDNEIABTQI-VIFPVBQESA-N 2-[(1r)-1-(aminomethyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclobutyl]acetic acid Chemical compound CC1(C)CC[C@@]1(CN)CC(O)=O OPAXRDNEIABTQI-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DNHPJOLWCOXHOV-JTQLQIEISA-N 2-[(1r)-1-(aminomethyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopentyl]acetic acid Chemical compound CC1(C)CCC[C@@]1(CN)CC(O)=O DNHPJOLWCOXHOV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SIKUEILNNOXUAZ-LBPRGKRZSA-N 2-[(1r)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,3-diethylcyclopentyl]acetic acid Chemical compound CCC1(CC)CC[C@](CN)(CC(O)=O)C1 SIKUEILNNOXUAZ-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OPAXRDNEIABTQI-SECBINFHSA-N 2-[(1s)-1-(aminomethyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclobutyl]acetic acid Chemical compound CC1(C)CC[C@]1(CN)CC(O)=O OPAXRDNEIABTQI-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DNHPJOLWCOXHOV-SNVBAGLBSA-N 2-[(1s)-1-(aminomethyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopentyl]acetic acid Chemical compound CC1(C)CCC[C@]1(CN)CC(O)=O DNHPJOLWCOXHOV-SNVBAGLBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SIKUEILNNOXUAZ-GFCCVEGCSA-N 2-[(1s)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,3-diethylcyclopentyl]acetic acid Chemical compound CCC1(CC)CC[C@@](CN)(CC(O)=O)C1 SIKUEILNNOXUAZ-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VVJFYFLGWOCDQD-HTQZYQBOSA-N 2-[(2r,5r)-1-(aminomethyl)-2,5-dimethylcyclopentyl]acetic acid Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C1(CN)CC(O)=O VVJFYFLGWOCDQD-HTQZYQBOSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- FKLQZOOZJOUECB-VXGBXAGGSA-N 2-[(3r,4r)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-di(propan-2-yl)cyclopentyl]acetic acid Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H]1CC(CN)(CC(O)=O)C[C@@H]1C(C)C FKLQZOOZJOUECB-VXGBXAGGSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HBFZWKRCDVWGSA-WOJBJXKFSA-N 2-[(3r,4r)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dibenzylcyclopentyl]acetic acid Chemical compound C([C@@H]1CC(C[C@H]1CC=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC(O)=O)CN)C1=CC=CC=C1 HBFZWKRCDVWGSA-WOJBJXKFSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KOPGUPUTANQKJY-NXEZZACHSA-N 2-[(3r,4r)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-diethylcyclopentyl]acetic acid Chemical compound CC[C@@H]1CC(CN)(CC(O)=O)C[C@H]1CC KOPGUPUTANQKJY-NXEZZACHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IUVMAUQEZFTTFB-HTQZYQBOSA-N 2-[(3r,4r)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dimethylcyclopentyl]acetic acid Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC(CN)(CC(O)=O)C[C@H]1C IUVMAUQEZFTTFB-HTQZYQBOSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- FKLQZOOZJOUECB-RYUDHWBXSA-N 2-[(3s,4s)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-di(propan-2-yl)cyclopentyl]acetic acid Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H]1CC(CN)(CC(O)=O)C[C@H]1C(C)C FKLQZOOZJOUECB-RYUDHWBXSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HBFZWKRCDVWGSA-PMACEKPBSA-N 2-[(3s,4s)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dibenzylcyclopentyl]acetic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1CC(C[C@@H]1CC=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC(O)=O)CN)C1=CC=CC=C1 HBFZWKRCDVWGSA-PMACEKPBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KOPGUPUTANQKJY-UWVGGRQHSA-N 2-[(3s,4s)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-diethylcyclopentyl]acetic acid Chemical compound CC[C@H]1CC(CN)(CC(O)=O)C[C@@H]1CC KOPGUPUTANQKJY-UWVGGRQHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DPSPUVHOQGLSSE-RYUDHWBXSA-N 2-[(3s,4s)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-ditert-butylcyclopentyl]acetic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[C@H]1CC(CN)(CC(O)=O)C[C@@H]1C(C)(C)C DPSPUVHOQGLSSE-RYUDHWBXSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZKPYVRKWQDIKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[1-(aminomethyl)-2,2,3,3,4,4-hexamethylcyclobutyl]acetic acid Chemical compound CC1(C)C(C)(C)C(CN)(CC(O)=O)C1(C)C ZKPYVRKWQDIKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- PSOWEDFUUXXEHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[1-(aminomethyl)-2,2,5,5-tetramethylcyclopentyl]acetic acid Chemical compound CC1(C)CCC(C)(C)C1(CN)CC(O)=O PSOWEDFUUXXEHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- FLNCTXNXKXKYGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[1-(aminomethyl)-3,3,4,4-tetramethylcyclopentyl]acetic acid Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(CN)(CC(O)=O)CC1(C)C FLNCTXNXKXKYGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UWYKQWDIAKQCEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[1-(aminomethyl)-3,3-di(propan-2-yl)cyclobutyl]acetic acid Chemical compound CC(C)C1(C(C)C)CC(CN)(CC(O)=O)C1 UWYKQWDIAKQCEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NTTOTNSKUYCDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium hydride Chemical compound [KH] NTTOTNSKUYCDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000105 potassium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ALDITMKAAPLVJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-ene;hydrate Chemical group O.CC=C ALDITMKAAPLVJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMRUPTIKESYGQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N propranolol hydrochloride Chemical compound [H+].[Cl-].C1=CC=C2C(OCC(O)CNC(C)C)=CC=CC2=C1 ZMRUPTIKESYGQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 235000019633 pungent taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002287 radioligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YNWSXIWHOSSPCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(2+) Chemical compound [Rh+2] YNWSXIWHOSSPCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000946 synaptic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010042772 syncope Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007885 tablet disintegrant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001256 tonic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UDKYUQZDRMRDOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W][W] UDKYUQZDRMRDOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007631 vascular surgery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011345 viscous material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及新的环状氨基酸系列化合物,其可以用来治疗癫痫、昏厥发作、神经变性失调、抑郁、焦虑、恐慌、疼痛、神经病理学失调、胃肠道失调,例如过敏性肠综合症(IBS)以及炎症,尤其是关节炎。本发明还包括含有本发明化合物的药物组合物以及这些化合物和用于制备最终化合物的新中间体的制备方法。
Description
本发明是申请日为1998年9月23日的中国专利申请98810346.X的分案申请,原申请的发明名称为“作为药物的环状氨基酸及其衍生物”。
下式化合物
其中R1为氢或低级烷基基团,且n为4,5和6,在美国专利申请4,024,175及其分案的美国专利申请4,087,544中是已知的。所公开的用途包括:抗由于硫代半卡巴肼引起的抽筋保护作用;抗戊四氮抽筋保护作用;大脑疾病、癫痫、昏厥发作、运动功能减退和头部肿瘤;以及大脑功能的改善。这些化合物对于老年病患者来说是很有用的。这些专利作为参考文献被引用。
本发明化合物为那些具式I和IA的化合物
其中R至R14的定义如下。
本发明化合物、它们的药用盐以及化合物的前药对于癫痫、昏厥发作、神经变性失调、抑郁、焦虑、恐慌、疼痛、神经病理学失调、胃肠道失调,例如肠道刺激综合症(IBS)以及炎症,尤其是关节炎的治疗是很有用的。
本发明还涉及具式I和IA的化合物的药物组合物。
本发明化合物以及它们药用盐如式I和IA或其药用盐所定义,其中:
和
R为氢或低级烷基;
R1至R14各自独立地选自氢,含有1-6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,苯基,苄基,氟,氯,溴,羟基,羟甲基,氨基,氨基甲基,-CO2H-,-CO2R15,-CH2CO2H,-CH2CO2R15,-OR15,其中R15为含有1-6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,苯基或苄基,且R1至R8不能同时为氢。
优选的本发明化合物是那些式I的化合物,其中R1至R14选自氢,甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,直链或支链丁基,苯基或苄基。
更优选的本发明化合物是那些式I的化合物,其中R1至R14选自氢,甲基,乙基或苄基。
最优选的化合物选自:
(1α,3α,4α)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,3α,4α)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,3α,4α)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,3α,4α)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-3-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-3-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-3,3,4,4-四甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-3,3,4,4-四乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,3β,4β)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,3β,4β)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,3β,4β)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,3β,4β)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-反)-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-反)-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-反)-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-反)-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-反)-(1-氨基甲基-3-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-反)-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-反)-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-反)-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-反)-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-反)-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-反)-(1-氨基甲基-3-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-反)-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(R)-(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(R)-(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-苯基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-苯基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-3-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-3-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-3-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-3-苯基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-3-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-3-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-3-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-3-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-3-苯基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-3-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-3-异丙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-3-乙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-3-苯基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-3-乙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-3-异丙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-3-乙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-3-苯基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-3-乙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-3-异丙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-3-苯基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-3-异丙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-3-苯基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-3-叔丁基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-3-异丙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-3-苯基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-3-异丙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-3-苯基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-3-叔丁基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二乙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二异丙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二叔丁基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二苯基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二苄基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-2,2,4,4-四甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-2,2,3,3,4,4-六甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(R)-(1-氨基甲基-2,2-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(S)-(1-氨基甲基-2,2-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1R-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-2-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2α,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1α,2α,4α)-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2α,3β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1α,2α,4β)-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1S-反)-(1-氨基甲基-2-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2β,3β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1α,2β,4β)-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2β,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1α,2β,4α)-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1R-反)-(1-氨基甲基-2-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2β,3β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2-乙基-4-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2β,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1α,2β,4α)-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1S-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-2-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2α,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2α,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2β,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1α,2α,4β)-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(3R,4R)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(3R,4R)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(3R,4R)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(3R,4R)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(3R,4R)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二苄基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(3R,4R)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二苄基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-2-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-2-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-反)-(1-氨基甲基-2-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-反)-(1-氨基甲基-2-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(R)-(1-氨基甲基-2,2-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(S)-(1-氨基甲基-2,2-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-2,2,5,5-四甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,2β,5β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,5-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(2R,5R)-(1-氨基甲基-2,5-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(2S,5S)-(1-氨基甲基-2,5-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,2α,5α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,5-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2α,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2β,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2α,3β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2β,3β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2α,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2β,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2α,3β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2β,3β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;以及
[1S-(1α,2β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸。
一些中间体用于制备本发明化合物:
(反)-(3,4-二甲基-环亚戊基)乙酸乙酯;
(反)-(3,4-二甲基-1-硝基甲基-环戊基)乙酸;
(±)-(反)-7,8-二甲基-螺[4,4]壬烷-2-酮;
(1-硝基甲基-环丁基)乙酸乙酯;
(顺/反)-(3R)(3-甲基-1-硝基甲基-环戊基)乙酸乙酯;
(顺/反)-(7R)-7-甲基-螺[4,4]壬烷-2-酮;
(顺)-(3,4-二甲基-环亚戊基)乙酸乙酯;
(反)-(3,4-二甲基-1-硝基甲基-环戊基)乙酸乙酯;
(反)-7,8-二甲基-螺[4,4]壬烷-2-酮;
(3-苄基-环亚丁基)乙酸乙酯;以及
(顺/反)-(3-苄基-1-硝基甲基-环戊基)乙酸乙酯。
术语“低级烷基”是指含有1-4个碳原子的直链或支链基团。
术语“烷基”是指含有1-6个碳原子的直链或支链基团,包括但不限于甲基,乙基,丙基,正丙基,异丙基,丁基,2-丁基,叔丁基,戊基,除非另有所述。
苄基和苯基基团可以未被取代或被1-3个取代基所取代,这些取代基选自羟基,羧基,烷氧羰基,卤素,CF3,硝基,烷基以及烷氧基。优选的是卤素。
由于氨基酸是两性的,因此当R为氢时,药用盐可以是合适的无机或有机酸盐,例如盐酸,硫酸,磷酸,乙酸,草酸,乳酸,柠檬酸,苹果酸,水杨酸,丙二酸,马来酸,琥珀酸,甲磺酸和抗坏血酸。从相应的氢氧化物或碳酸盐开始,可以与碱金属和碱土金属形成盐,例如钠,钾,镁或钙。还可以与季铵离子(例如四甲基季铵离子)形成盐。氨基酸的羧基基团可以用已知的方法进行酯化。
本发明的一些化合物既可以以非溶剂化的形式存在也可以以溶剂化的形式存在,包括水合形式。通常,溶剂化形式(包括水合形式)等价于非溶剂化形式,它们也被包括在本发明的范围之内。
本发明的一些化合物具有一或多个手性中心,每个手性中心均可以以R(D)或S(L)构型存在。
本发明包括所有的对映体和立体(差向)异构形式以及它们合适的混合物。
方法和材料
动物
雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠(180-250g)得自Bantin和Kingman(Hull,U.K.)。将6-10只动物作为一组进行饲养,以12小时光亮/黑暗为周期(早上7:00开灯),食物和水随意摄取。
大鼠体内角叉菜胶-诱导的热痛觉过敏
利用大鼠足底实验(Ugo Basile,Italy)以及Hargreaves等人在1988年所述方法的修饰方法进行热痛觉过敏评估。使大鼠习惯于位于抬高的玻璃桌子上由三个独立的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯盒子组成的仪器。将一个移动的辐射热源置于桌子下,聚焦于所需的爪子,记录爪子的撤离倾向(PWL)。对每只动物的两只后爪分别进行3次PWL实验,其平均值代表右和左后爪的基线。每只动物的两次PWL之间至少相隔5分钟。校正仪器使得PWL的时间大约为10秒。设置20秒的自动切断点以防止组织损伤。基线PWLs测定后,动物从右后爪的内足底接受角叉菜胶(20mg/ml,100μl)注射。在角叉菜胶注射2小时后(这一时间点代表痛觉过敏峰值的开始),按照同样的方案重复上述评估,结果证实痛觉敏感加剧。在给予角叉菜胶2.5小时后,口服给予受试化合物(用量为1ml/kg)。给药后在各个时间点再次进行PWLs评估。
抗惊厥效力模型和DBA2原始实验:DBA/2小鼠因声音发作的预防
方法
所有的操作过程按照Parke-Davis动物使用委员会所通过的协议下的实验室动物照料和使用的NIH指南进行。从JacksonLaboratories,Bar Harbour,ME处得到3-4周大小的DBA/2小鼠。在进行抗惊厥实验之前,将动物置于一个悬浮于钢棍上的4平方英尺大小的线筛网上。慢慢将其翻转180°,观察小鼠30秒种。任何从线筛网上跌落下来的小鼠被记为运动失调。
将小鼠置于丙烯塑料包围的容器中(21cm高,直径大约为30cm),在顶盖的中心有一个高频率的喇叭(直径4cm)。采用声音信号发生器(Protek model B-810)产生连续的正弦声调,其以线性的形式扫荡,频率为8kHz至16kHz,每10毫秒一次。在刺激期间,上容器地板上的平均声压水平(SPL)大约为100dB。将小鼠置于容器中,使之适应1分钟。接受载体处理的DBA/2小鼠对声音的刺激反应(直至出现强直性伸展,或达到60秒种为止)表现为特征性的发作结果,其包括疯跑、阵挛性发作、强直性发作,最终发展至呼吸停止以及80%或更多的小鼠死亡。在载体处理的小鼠中,发作的全部结果至呼吸停止一般持续15-20秒种。
记录药物处理和载体处理组全部发作期的发生率,通过概率分析方法用强直性发作的出现情况计算抗惊厥ED50值。在每个剂量点处,每只小鼠只使用一次。在口服给药2小时后(之前测定得到的峰效果时间),对DBA/2小鼠组(每个剂量下n=5-10)进行声诱导发作反应实验。本发明实验中所采用的所有药物均溶于蒸馏水中,并通过口服管饲法进行给药,体积为10mL/kg体重。不溶于水的化合物将悬浮于1%的羧甲基纤维素中。剂量用活性药物的重量来表示。
结果
对DBA/2小鼠声音诱导的强直性发作的剂量-依赖抑制进行了测定,相应的ED50值列于表1。
结果表明,对于声音敏感株小鼠(DBA/2)来说,口服给予本发明化合物可以引起与剂量有关的抗惊厥作用,这一结果证实了它们在先前其它癫痫实验模型中所显示出来的抗惊厥活性。在此实验中化合物的有效剂量要低于最大电击实验中的有效剂量,其表明对于抗惊厥作用的检测来说,DBA/2小鼠是敏感模型。
表1
大鼠体内角叉菜胶诱导 DBA/2
的热痛觉过敏 声原性小鼠
化合物 结构 α2δ结合点的 给药后1小时 给药后2小时 给药后1小时
IC50(μm) 的%MPEa@ 的%MPEa@ 的保护%
30mg/kg PO 30mg/kg PO 30mg/kg PO
(±)-(反)-
(1-氨基甲基-
3,4-二甲基-
环戊基)-
乙酸盐酸盐;
(+)-(反)-
(1-氨基甲基-
3,4-二甲基-
环戊基)-
乙酸盐酸盐;
(-)-(反)-
1.0
(1-氨基甲基-
3,4-二甲基-
环戊基)-
乙酸盐酸盐;
(顺/反)-(3R)
0.088 67 53 100
(1-氨基甲基-
3-甲基-
环戊基)-
乙酸盐酸盐;
(反)-(1-氨基
甲基-3,4-二甲
基-环戊基)-
乙酸盐酸盐;
(给药2hr后)
(1-氨基
甲基-环丁基)
乙酸盐酸盐;
(顺/反)-(1-
氨基甲基-3-
苄基-环丁基)-
乙酸盐酸盐;
aMPE:最大可能作用--在用角叉菜胶处理之前设置为基线值。
采用[3H]加巴喷丁和衍生自猪大脑组织的α2δ亚单位进行放射配体结合分析(“新的抗惊厥药物,加巴喷丁与钙通道α2δ亚单位的结合”,Gee N.等人,J.Biological Chemistry,正在印刷)。
本发明化合物对α2δ亚单位显示出良好的结合亲和力。在此分析中,加巴喷丁(Neurontin_)约为0.10-0.12μM。由于本发明化合物也可与亚单位结合,因此可以预计它们能显示出与加巴喷丁具有可比性的药理学性质,例如可以用作抗惊厥剂、抗焦虑剂和止痛剂。
本发明化合物与Neurontin_,一种可以有效治疗癫痫的市售药物有关系。Neurontin_为具有下列结构式的1-(氨基甲基)-环己烷乙酸,
可以预期本发明化合物还具有抗癫痫的作用。
本发明还涉及用于作为治疗神经变性失调的模拟化合物。
这类神经变性失调包括Alzheimer’s疾病,Huntington’s疾病,Parkinson’s疾病以及肌萎缩侧硬化。
本发明还包括神经变性失调的治疗,又称为急性脑损伤。这类疾病包括但不限于:中风、头部肿瘤以及窒息。
中风是指脑部血管疾病,也可以指脑血管意外(CVA),包括急性血栓栓塞中风。中风既包括病灶性的也包括球形的局部缺血。另外,其还包括暂时性的大脑局部缺血发作以及伴随有脑局部缺血的其它脑血管问题,尤其是接受颈动脉内膜切除术或其它脑血管或一般血管外科操作的患者,或者是接受诊断性血管操作(包括大脑血管照影术等)的患者。
其它意外有头部肿瘤,脊柱索肿瘤或来自一般缺氧症、低氧症、低血糖、低血压的损伤以及在栓塞、高融合和低氧症过程中所看到的类似损伤。
本发明可以用于许多意外,例如,心脏绕道手术、颅内出血、产期窒息、心脏停止以及癫痫状态。
在采用本发明所述方法进行给药时,本领域内的专家有能力根据实际情况作出合适的决定,这些情况包括治疗对象属中风易发者或具有中风的危险性或其正处于中风状态。
本发明化合物也可以治疗抑郁症。抑郁是器官疾病的结果,其继发于与个人失败或自发性起因有关的紧张。一些类型的抑郁具有很强的家族发病特征,这一结果至少提示了一些类型抑郁的发病原因。抑郁的诊断首先要对患者情绪的变化进行确认。通常要由内科医生或经过神经心理学家进行资格认证的人采用有效级别指标(validatedrating scales)方法来进行情绪评价,例如Hamilton DepressionRating Scales或Brife Psychiatric Rating Scale。此外还出现了许多其它可以用来进行抑郁患者情绪变化程度确认和测定的指标,例如失眠、注意力不集中、乏力、无价值感和犯罪感。在“精神失调的诊断和统计手册”一书(第四版)中,收录了抑郁的诊断以及所有精神病学的诊断标准,该书可作为DSM-IV-R手册,其由美国精神病学协会于1994年出版。
GABA是一种抑制性的中枢神经系统神经递质。在通常的抑制概念中,GABA-类似物可以降低或抑制大脑功能,并因此可以减缓功能并减弱导致抑郁的情绪。
本发明化合物可以通过增加突触结合点新产生的GABA的量来发挥其抗惊厥作用。如果加巴喷丁确实可以增加GABA的水平或其在突触结合部位的作用,那么本发明化合物就可以被归类为GABA类似物,并可以降低或抑制大脑功能,从而可以减缓功能并减弱导致抑郁的情绪。
通过提高情绪成为一种抗抑郁剂——GABA激动剂或GABA类似物恰好以与以往相反的方式发挥作用这一事实是一种全新的观念,它不同于在此之前有关GABA活性的观点。
可以预期本发明化合物具有治疗焦虑和恐慌的作用,这一点可用标准的药理学方法来证明。
方法和材料
角叉菜胶诱导的痛觉过敏
在大鼠爪子压力实验中,采用止痛计(Randall-Sellitto方法:Randall L.O.,Sellitto J.J.,发炎组织止痛活性的测定方法,Arch.Int.Pharmacodyn.,1957;4:409-419)测定感受压力的阈值。在实验日之前,使雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠(70-90g)在此仪器中进行训练。对每只大鼠的后爪逐渐增加压力,测定使动物开始出现爪子后撤现象时所需的压力(g),作为感受伤害阈值。采用250g自动截断点,以防止爪子的任何组织损伤。在实验的当天,在通过右后爪子内足底注射给予动物100μl 2%角叉菜胶之前,测定2-3条基线。在给予角叉菜胶3小时后,并证实动物已出现痛觉过敏,再次测定感受伤害阈值。在给予角叉菜胶3.5小时后,给予加巴喷丁(3-300mg/kg,s.c.)、吗啉(3mg/kg,s.c.)或盐水,并于给予角叉菜胶4、4.5和5小时后,测定感受伤害阈值。
半卡巴肼诱导的强直性发作
经皮下给予半卡巴肼(750mg/kg)诱发小鼠的强直性发作。可以注意到前爪有强直性伸张的倾向。在给予半卡巴肼2小时后没有出现惊厥的任何小鼠被认为得到了保护,并给予120分钟的最大倾向记分。
动物
雄性Hooded Lister大鼠(200-250g)得自Interfauna(Huntingdon,UK),雄性TO小鼠(20-25g)得自Bantin和Kingman(Hull,UK)。两种啮齿目的动物均以6只为一组进行饲养。孵化自Manchester大学医学院的10只普通狨(Callithrix Jacchus)(280-360g)进行成对饲养。所有的动物均以12小时光亮/黑暗为周期(早上7:00开灯),食物和水随意摄取。
给药
在进行实验之前40分钟,通过腹膜(IP)或皮下(SC)给予药物,给药体积大鼠和狨为1ml/kg,小鼠为10ml/kg。
小鼠光亮/黑暗盒子
仪器为一顶端开口的盒子,45cm长,27cm宽,27cm高,用于挡板将其分割成一个较小(2/5)的区域和一个较大(3/5)的区域。挡板的高度比盒子围墙的高度多出20cm(Costall B.,等人,小鼠在黑白盒子中的探索:有效的焦虑模型(Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav.,1989;32:777-785)。
在靠近地板位置处,挡板的中心有一个7.5cm×7.5cm的开口。将较小的室刷成黑色,较大的室刷成白色。用60W的钨球对白室进行照射。实验室用红光照射。将每只小鼠置于白区的中央,留出5分钟时间适应新环境,记录照射一侧所消耗的时间(Kilfoil T.等人,在简单的小鼠焦虑模型中抗焦虑和致焦虑药物对于探索活性的作用,Neuropharmacol.,1989:28:901-905)。
大鼠升高的X-迷宫实验
如前所述,使标准升高的X-迷宫(Handley S.L.等人,在‘害怕’-诱导行为的迷宫探索模型中α-肾上腺受体激动剂和拮抗剂的作用,Naunyn-Schiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol.,1984;327:1-5)自动化(Field等人,大鼠升高的X-迷宫焦虑实验的自动化,Br.J.Pharmacol.,1991;102(Suppl):304P)。将动物置于X-迷宫的中心,面对一个开口的臂。为了测定抗焦虑作用,在5分钟的实验期间内,测定进入以及消耗在开口臂后半部分的次数和时间(Costall等人,升高的迷宫在评价大鼠抗焦虑潜力方面的用途,Br.J.Pharmacol.,1989;96(Suppl):312P)。
狨人类威胁实验
在2分钟的实验期间,记录动物对威胁刺激(一个人站在离狨的笼子大约0.5m远处,并凝视着狨的眼睛)所采取的身体姿势的总数。所记录的身体姿势(或反应)包括眯着眼缝凝视、尾式、在笼子/栖息处制造气味、竖毛、退却以及采取背弓式。在给药前后,每只动物在实验日分别接受两次威胁刺激。用变异单道分析(one way analysisof variance)以及随后的Dunnett’s t-检验分析两次记分之间的差异。所有的药物处理均要在接受第一次(对照)威胁刺激至少2小时以后再经SC途径进行。每个化合物的预处理时间为40分钟。
大鼠对抗实验
训练大鼠压缩在自发反应室中食物奖励的水平。该方案由以下两个时间段的交替组成:四个4分钟的非惩罚期,具30秒的可变间隙,以开启室灯为信号,以及三个3分钟的惩罚期,具有固定的比例5(进行足部电击并同时供给食物),其以室灯关闭为信号。调节每只大鼠受到足部电击的强度,使之与非惩罚期的响应相比,获得大约80-90%的响应抑制。在接受训练的日子里给予大鼠药物载体生理盐水。
还可以预期本发明化合物在治疗疼痛和恐慌失调方面具有作用(Am.J.Pain.Manag.,1995;5:7-9)。
进一步可以预期本发明化合物在治疗躁狂、急性或慢性、单独颠到或复发等症状方面具有作用。还可以预期其在治疗和/或预防双极失调方面具有作用(美国专利申请5,510,381)。
刺激性肠综合症模型
大鼠体内TNBS诱导的慢性内脏异常性疼痛
已发现在结肠内注射三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)可以引起慢性结肠炎。在人体内,消化功能失调经常与内脏疼痛有关。在这些病因学中,内脏疼痛阈值的降低表明内脏具有超敏感性。因此,设计本实验的目的是为了评价在结肠膨胀实验模型中,于结肠内注射TNBS对于内脏疼痛阈值的作用。
材料和方法
动物和手术
采用雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠(340-400g)(Janvier,LeGenest-St-Ilse,France)。在常规的环境下(20±1℃,50±5%湿度,开灯时间为8:00am-8:00pm_),3只动物一笼进行饲养。麻醉下(氯胺酮80mg/kg i.p.;乙酰丙嗪12mg/kg i.p.),将TNBS(50mg/kg)或生理盐水(15ml/kg)注射到近端结肠内(距盲肠1cm)。手术后,将动物分别饲养在聚丙烯笼子中,并在7天内保持在常规的环境下(20±1℃,50±5%湿度,开灯时间为上午8:00-下午8:00)。
实验操作
TNBS给药7天后,通过肛门插入一个气球(长度为5-6cm),并将导管用胶带贴在尾巴的根部,使气球固定在一个位置上(气球的末端距肛门5cm)。以5mmHg为一个台阶逐步使气球膨胀,从0到75mmHg,每一步膨胀持续30秒种。用标准的压力状态计(barostat)(ABS,St-Die,France)控制结肠膨胀的每一次循环。阈值为引起第一次腹部收缩所对应的压力,这时停止膨胀循环。在同一个动物身上进行4次膨胀循环后,测定结肠的阈值(压力用mmHg来表示)。
化合物活性的测定
将受试化合物治疗组与TNBS治疗组和对照进行比较来分析数据。计算每组的平均值和sem。化合物的抗异常疼痛活性按下式计算:
活性(%)=(组C-组T)/(组A-组T)
组C:对照组中结肠阈值的平均值。
组A:TNBS治疗组中结肠阈值的平均值。
组A:实验化合物治疗组中结肠阈值的平均值。
统计分析
采用单道ANOVA进行每组之间的统计显著性测定,然后进行Student’s非配对t-检验。上述差异的统计显著性为p<0.05。
化合物
将TNBS溶于30%的EtOH中,注射剂量为0.5ml/大鼠。TNBS可从Fluka购得。
结肠扩张循环开始前1小时经口服给予受试化合物或其载体。
本发明化合物可以制备成各种口服和非肠道剂型,并以这些剂型进行给药。因此,本发明化合物可以通过注射给药,例如静脉内,肌内,皮内,皮下,十二指肠或腹膜内给药。本发明化合物也可以通过吸入给药,例如鼻腔给药。另外,本发明化合物还可以通过皮透给药。下列剂型可以包含作为活性成分的式I或1A化合物或相应的式I或1A化合物药用盐,这一点对于本领域内的专家来说是显而易见的。
为了从本发明化合物制备药物组合物,药用载体可以是固体也可以是液体。固体制剂包括粉末,片剂,药丸,胶囊,扁囊剂,栓剂以及分散颗粒。固体载体可以是一种或多种物质,它们可以用作稀释剂,香味剂,粘合剂,防腐剂,片剂崩解剂或包裹物质。
在粉末剂中,载体是细粉的固体,其与细分的活性成分相混合。
在片剂中,活性成分与具有必要粘合性质的载体以合适的比例相混合,并加工成所需的形状和大小。
粉末和片剂优选的是含有5或10至约70%的活性成分。合适的载体包括碳酸镁,硬酯酸镁,滑石、蔗糖,乳糖,果胶,糊精,淀粉,明胶,黄耆胶,甲基纤维素,羧甲基纤维素钠,低熔点蜡,可可脂等等。术语“制剂”包括活性化合物与作为载体的包裹物质组成的配方,其提供了一种胶囊,其中带有或不带其它载体的活性成分被载体所包围,从而载体与之发生联系。相似地,还包括扁囊剂和锭剂。片剂,粉末,胶囊,药丸,扁囊剂以及锭剂可作为用于口服给药的固体剂型。
为了制备栓剂,首先将低熔点的腊,例如脂肪酸甘油酯或可可脂进行熔化,通过搅拌将活性成分均匀地分散在其中。然后将熔化的均匀混合物倾入常规大小的模子中,使之冷却并固化。
液体剂型包括溶液,悬浮液和乳化液,例如水或水丙二醇溶液。为了制备注射液体,制剂可以配成水性的丙二醇溶液。
将活性成分溶于水中,加入所需的合适的增色剂、香味剂、稳定剂和增稠剂,即可以制成适合口服给药的水溶液。
将细分的活性成分分散于带有粘性物质(例如天然或合成胶、树脂、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠)以及其它已知悬浮剂的水中,即可以制成适合口服给药的悬浮液。
本发明还包括固体制剂,它们可以在使用前当即配制成用于口服的液体制剂。这类液体制剂包括溶液、悬浮液以及乳化液。除了活性成分之外,这类制剂还含有增色剂、香味剂、稳定剂、缓冲剂、人工和天然甜味剂、分散剂、增稠剂、助溶剂等。
药物制剂优选的是制成单位剂型。在这类剂型中,制剂被分成含有适量活性成分的单位剂量。单位剂型可以是一个包装的制剂,该包装中含有分开量的制剂,例如包装的片剂、胶囊以及装在小瓶或安瓿中的粉末。另外,单位剂型也可以是胶囊剂、片剂、扁囊剂或锭剂本身,或任何上述包装形式合适的数量。
单位制剂中活性成分的量可以根据具体的应用情况和活性成分的效力,在0.1mg-1g之间进行变化。在治疗过程中,每天可以给药三次,例如100或300mg的胶囊。如有所需,组合物还可以含有其它可配伍的治疗剂。
在治疗时,本发明制药方法中所用的化合物最初的每日剂量约为0.01mg至约100mg/kg。优选的每日剂量约为0.01mg至约100mg/kg。药物的剂量可以根据患者的需要、所治病情的严重程度以及所用的化合物进行变化。本领域的专家有能力根据具体情况决定合适的剂量。通常在开始进行治疗时采用化合物的量要比适宜的剂量小一些。随后可以小量增加剂量,直至达到合适的作用效果。为了方便起见,每日的总剂量可以分批给药,如有所需,也可以一次性给药。
通用的合成路线
化合物可用下述方法来制备,
其中,R1至R14各自独立地选自氢,含有1-6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,苯基,苄基,氟,氯,溴,羟基,羟甲基,氨基,氨基甲基,三氟甲基,-OR15,其中R15为含有1-6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,苯基或苄基,-CO2H-,-CO2R15,-CH2CO2H,-CH2CO2R15。R1至R8不能都为氢。
4-和5-元环化合物可用下列用于5-元环系统的方法进行合成。所要求的化合物可用G.Griffiths等人在Helv.Chim.Acta,1991;74:309中所述的通用步骤进行合成(通用路线1)。另外,也可以采用类似于已公开的用于合成3-氧代-2,8-二氮杂螺[4,5]癸烷-8-甲酸叔丁酯(P.W.Smith等人,J.Med.Chem.,1995;38:3772)的方法(通用路线2)来制备它们。还可以采用G.Satzinger等人所述的方法来合成化合物(Ger Offen 2,460,891;US 4,024,175以及Ger Offen 2,611,690;US 4,152,326)(通用路线3和4)。化合物也可以按照G.Griffiths等人在Helv.Chim.Acta,1991;74:309中所述的路线进行合成(通用路线5)。
通用路线1
(i)氰基乙酸乙酯,哌啶(Cope等人,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1941;63:3452);
(ii)NaCN,EtOH/H2O;
(iii)EtOH,HCl;
(iv)H2O/H+;
(v)H2,Rh/C,MeOH;
(vi)HCl。
通用路线2
(i)Ph3P=CHCO2Me;(ii)MeNO2,1,1,3,3-四甲基胍;(iii)Raney镍,EtOH/H2O;
(iv)HCl。
通用路线3
(i)氰基乙酸乙酯,氨,然后H3O+;(ii)H2SO4;(iii)Ac2O;(iv)MeOH;(v)Curtius反应;(vi)HCl,H2O,然后离子交换。
通用路线4
(i)氰基乙酸乙酯,氨,然后H3O+;(ii)H2SO4;(iii)Ac2O;(iv)H2NOH;(v)PhSO2Cl;(vi)Et3N,MeOH;(vii)HCl,H2O,然后离子交换。
通用路线5
(i)氰基乙酸乙酯,哌啶(Cope等人,J.Am.Chem.Soc.1941;63:3452);(ii)NaCN,EtOH/H2O;(iii)BnOH,HCl;(iv)H2O/H+;(v)H2,Rh/C,MeOH。
下列实施例将说明本发明;但并不限制本发明的范围。
在实施例1-8中,第一步涉及在合适的温度下(例如-78-100℃下),于溶剂中(例如四氢呋喃,二甲基甲酰胺,乙醚或二甲基亚砜中),使用三烷基膦酰基乙酸酯(盐)或(烷氧基羰基甲基)三苯基磷鎓卤化物和碱(例如氢化钠,氢化钾,六甲基二硅氮化(silazide)锂或钠或钾,丁基锂或叔丁醇钾)使环状酮向α,β-不饱和酯2进行转化。
第二步涉及在合适的温度下(例如-20-100℃下),使α,β-不饱和酯2与硝基甲烷和合适的碱(例如四丁基铵氟化物,四甲基胍,1,5-二氮杂双环[4,3,0]壬-5-烯,1,8-二氮杂双环[5,4,0]十一-7-烯,烷氧化钠或钾,氢化钠或氟化钾)在合适的溶剂中(例如四氢呋喃,乙醚,二甲基甲酰胺,二甲基亚砜中,苯,甲苯,二氯甲烷,氯仿或四氯甲烷)进行反应。
第三步涉及在合适的温度下(例如20-80℃下),并在合适的溶剂中(例如甲醇,乙醇,异丙醇,乙酸乙酯,乙酸,1,4-二噁烷,氯仿或乙醚),使用催化剂(例如Raney镍,Pd/C或铑化剂或其它含有镍或钯的催化剂)对化合物3的硝基基团进行催化氢化反应。
第四步涉及在合适的温度下(例如20℃至回流温度),采用盐酸,也可以利用助溶剂(例如四氢呋喃或1,4-二噁烷或其它惰性并可与水混溶的溶剂),使内酰胺4进行水解。
实施例1
试剂:(i)三乙基膦酰基乙酸酯(盐),NaH;(ii)MeNO2,Bu4N+F-;(iii)H2,Ni;(iv)HCl
(反)-(3,4-二甲基-环亚戊基)-乙酸乙酯(2)的合成
将NaH(60%油状分散体,737mg,18.42mmol)悬浮于干燥的四氢呋喃(50ml)中,并冷却至0℃。向其中加入三乙基膦酰基乙酸酯(盐)(3.83ml,19.30mmol),混合物于0℃下搅拌15分钟。向其中加入酮(1)(1.965g,17.54mmol)的THF(10ml)溶液,使混合物升温至室温。2小时后,混合物在乙醚(200ml)和水(150ml)之间进行分配。分出有机相,用盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),真空蒸除溶剂。残渣用闪式柱层析进行纯化(硅胶,乙酸乙酯∶庚烷=1∶9),得到3.01g(94%)(2),其为无色油状物。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ1.01(3H,d,J=6Hz),1.03(3H,d,J=6Hz),1.26(3H,t,J=7Hz),1.49(2H,m),2.07(1H,m),2.24(1H,m),2.61(1H,m),4.13(2H,q,J=7Hz),5.72(1H,s).
MS(CI+)m/e:183([MH+],18%)。
(反)-(3,4-二甲基-1-硝基甲基-环戊基)-乙酸乙酯(3)的合成
将不饱和酯(2)(2.95g,16.2mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(10ml)中,并在70℃下与硝基甲烷(1.9ml,35.2mmol)以及四丁基铵氟化物(1.0M的四氢呋喃溶液,22ml,22.0mmol)一起进行搅拌。6小时后,将混合物冷却至室温,用乙酸乙酯(50ml)进行稀释,用2N HCl(30ml)进行洗涤,再用盐水(50ml)洗涤。收集有机相,干燥(MgSO4),真空蒸除溶剂。残渣用闪式柱层析进行纯化(硅胶,乙酸乙酯∶庚烷=1∶9),得到1.152g(29%)(2),其为澄清油状物。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ0.98(6H,d,J=6Hz),1.10-1.39(5H,m),1.47(2H,m),1.87(1H,m),2.03(1H,m),2.57(2H,ABq,J=16,38Hz),4.14(2H,q,J=7Hz),4.61(2H,ABq,J=12,60Hz).
MS(ES+)m/e:244([MH+],8%)。
IR(膜)νcm-1:1186,1376,1732,2956。
(±)-(反)-7,8-二甲基-螺[4,4]壬-2-酮(4)的合成
将硝基酯(3)(1.14g,4.7mmol)溶于甲醇(50ml)中,并在30℃于氢气氛(40psi)下与Raney镍催化剂一起振摇。5小时后,用硅藻土滤除催化剂。真空蒸除溶剂,得到746mg(95%)灰黄色油状物,其放置后固化。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ0.98(6H,d,J=6Hz),1.32(2H,m),1.46(2H,m),1.97(2H,m),2.27(2H,ABq,J=16,27Hz),3.23(2H,s),5.62(1H,br s).
MS(ES+)m/e:168([MH+],100%)。
IR(膜)νcm-1:1451,1681,1715,2948,3196。
(±)-(反)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸盐酸盐(5)的合成
在1,4-二噁烷(5ml)和6N HCl(15ml)的混合物溶剂中,将内酰胺(4)(734mg,4.40mmol)加热至回流。将混合物冷却至室温,用水(20ml)进行稀释,用二氯甲烷(3×30ml)进行洗涤。收集水相,真空蒸除溶剂。残渣用乙酸乙酯研磨,收集并干燥后得到675mg(69%)白色固体。
1H NMR 400MHz(d6-DMSO):δ0.91(6H,d,J=6Hz),1.18(2H,m),1.42(2H,m),1.72(1H,m),1.87(1H,m),2.42(2H,ABq,J=16,24Hz),2.90(2H,ABq,J=12,34Hz),8.00(3H,br s),12.34(1H,br s).
MS(ES+)m/e:186([MH-HCl]+,100%)。
实施例2
试剂:(i)三乙基膦酰基乙酸酯(盐),NaH;(ii)MeNO2,Bu4N+F-;(iii)H2,Ni;(iv)HCl
环亚丁基-乙酸乙酯(2)的合成
将NaH(60%油状分散体,1.8g,44.94mmol)悬浮于干燥的四氢呋喃(80ml)中,并冷却至0℃。向其中加入三乙基膦酰基乙酸酯(盐)(9.33ml,47.08mmol),混合物于0℃下搅拌15分钟。向其中加入环丁酮(1)(3.0g,42.8mmol)的THF(20ml)溶液,使混合物升温至室温。2小时后,混合物在乙醚(200ml)和水(150ml)之间进行分配。分出有机相,用盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),在600mmHg的压力下蒸除溶剂。残渣用闪式柱层析进行纯化(硅胶,乙酸乙酯∶戊烷=1∶19),得到5.81g(96%)(2),其为无色油状物。
1H NMR,400MHz(CDCl3):δ1.27(3H,t,J=6Hz),2.09(2H,m),2.82(2H,m),3.15(2H,m),4.14(2H,q,J=6Hz),5.58(1H,s).
MS(ES+)m/e:141([MH+],100%)。
IR(膜)νcm-1:1088,1189,1336,1673,1716,2926。
(1-硝基甲基-环丁基)-乙酸乙酯(3)的合成
将不饱和酯(2)(5.79g,41.4mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(20ml)中,并在70℃下与硝基甲烷(4.67ml,86.4mmol))以及四丁基铵氟化物(1.0M的四氢呋喃溶液,55ml,55.0mmol)一起进行搅拌。18小时后,将混合物冷却至室温,用乙酸乙酯(150ml)进行稀释,用2N HCl(60ml)进行洗涤,再用盐水(100ml)洗涤。收集有机相,干燥(MgSO4),真空蒸除溶剂。残渣用闪式柱层析进行纯化(硅胶,乙酸乙酯∶庚烷=1∶1),得到4.34g(52%),其为澄清油状物。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ1.27(3H,t,J=6Hz),1.96-2.20(6H,m),2.71(2H,s),4.15(2H,q,J=6Hz),4.71(2H,s).
MS(ES+)m/e:202([MH+],100%)。
IR(膜)νcm-1:1189,1378,1549,1732,2984。
(1-氨基甲基-环丁基)-乙酸盐酸盐(4)的合成
将硝基酯(3)(2.095g,10.4mmol)溶于甲醇(50ml)中,并在30℃于氢气氛(45psi)下与Raney镍催化剂一起振摇。6小时后,用硅藻土滤除催化剂。真空蒸除溶剂,得到1.53g灰黄色油状物,其无需纯化即可以使用。 将油状物溶于1,4-二噁烷(5ml)和6N HCl(15ml)的混合物溶剂中,并加热至回流。5小时后,将混合物冷却至室温,用水(20ml)进行稀释,用二氯甲烷(3×30ml)进行洗涤。收集水相,真空蒸除溶剂。残渣用乙酸乙酯研磨,收集并干燥后得到1.35g(72%)白色固体。
1H NMR 400MHz(d6-DMSO):δ1.80-2.03(6H,m),2.59(2H,s),3.02(2H,s),8.04(3H,br s),12.28(1H,br s).
MS(ES+)m/e:144([MH-HCl]+,100%)。
元素分析:C7H14NO2Cl
理论值:C 48.80%,H 7.86%,N 7.80%;
实测值:C 46.45%,H 7.98%,N 7.71%。
实施例3
试剂:(i)三乙基膦酰基乙酸酯(盐),NaH;(ii)MeNO2,Bu4N+F-;(iii)H2,Ni;(iv)HCl
(R)-(3-甲基-环亚戊基)-乙酸乙酯(2)的合成
将NaH(60%油状分散体,1.86g,46.5mmol)悬浮于干燥的四氢呋喃(40ml)中,并冷却至0℃。向其中加入三乙基膦酰基乙酸酯(盐)(9.69ml,48.8mmol),混合物于0℃下搅拌15分钟。向其中加入酮(1)(5ml,46.5mmol)的THF(10ml)溶液,使混合物升温至室温。2小时后,混合物在乙醚(200ml)和水(150ml)之间进行分配。分出有机相,用盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),真空蒸除溶剂。残渣用闪式柱层析进行纯化(硅胶,乙酸乙酯∶庚烷=1∶9),得到5.45g(70%)(2),其为无色油状物。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ1.04(3H,m),1.27(3H,t,J=7Hz),1.80-2.74(7H,m),2.90-3.15(1H,m),4.13(2H,q,J=7Hz),5.76(1H,s).
MS(ES+)m/e:169([MH+],20%)。
IR(膜)νcm-1:1205,1371,1653,1716,2955。
(顺/反)(3R)-(3-甲基-1-硝基甲基-环戊基)-乙酸乙酯(3)的合成
将不饱和酯(2)(3.0g,17.8mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(20ml)中,并在70℃下与硝基甲烷(1.92ml,35.6mmol))以及四丁基铵氟化物(1.0M的四氢呋喃溶液,25ml,25.0mmol)一起进行搅拌。18小时后,将混合物冷却至室温,用乙酸乙酯(50ml)进行稀释,用2N HCl(30ml)进行洗涤,再用盐水(50ml)洗涤。收集有机相,干燥(MgSO4),真空蒸除溶剂。残渣用闪式柱层析进行纯化(硅胶,乙酸乙酯∶庚烷=1∶9),得到2.00g(49%),其为澄清油状物。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ1.02(3H,d,J=6Hz),1.08-1.37(5H,m),1.59-2.17(5H,m),2.64(2H,m),4.15(2H,q,J=7Hz),4.64(2H,m).
MS(ES+)m/e:230([MH+],4%)。
IR(膜)νcm-1:1183,1377,1548,1732,2956。
(顺/反)(7R)-7-甲基-螺[4,4]壬-2-酮(4)的合成
将硝基酯(3)(1.98g,8.66mmol)溶于甲醇(50ml)中,并在30℃于氢气氛(40psi)下与Raney镍催化剂一起振摇。18小时后,用硅藻土滤除催化剂。真空蒸除溶剂,残渣用闪式柱层析进行纯化(硅胶,乙酸乙酯∶庚烷=1∶1),得到1.05g(79%)白色固体。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ1.03(3H,m),1.22(2H,m),1.60-2.15(5H,m),2.22(2H,m),3.20和3.27(总2H,2×s,顺,和反),6.18(1H,br s).
MS(ES+)m/e:154([MH+],100%)。
IR(膜)νcm-1:1695,2949,3231。
(顺/反)(3R)-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸盐酸盐(5)的合成
在1,4-二噁烷(5ml)和6N HCl(15ml)的混合物溶剂中,将内酰胺(4)(746mg,4.88mmol)加热至回流。4小时后,将混合物冷却至室温,用水(20ml)进行稀释,用二氯甲烷(3×30ml)进行洗涤。收集水相,真空蒸除溶剂。残渣用乙酸乙酯研磨,收集并干燥后得到一固体。用乙酸乙酯/甲醇对其进行重结晶,收集并干燥后得到656mg(65%)(5)。
1H NMR 400MHz(d6-DMSO):δ0.96(3H,m),1.01-1.24(2H,m),1.42-2.10(5H,m),2.41和2.44(总2H,2×s,顺/反),2.94(2H,m),7.96(3H,br s),12.35(1H,br s).
MS(ES+)m/e:172([MH-HCl]+,100%)。
实施例4
试剂:(i)三乙基膦酰基乙酸酯(盐),NaH;(ii)MeNO2,Bu4N+F-;(iii)H2,Ni;(iv)HCl
(顺)-(3,4-二甲基-环亚戊基)-乙酸乙酯(2)的合成
将NaH(60%油状分散体,519mg,12.96mmol)悬浮于干燥的四氢呋喃(30ml)中,并冷却至0℃。向其中加入三乙基膦酰基乙酸酯(盐)(2.68ml,13.5mmol),混合物于0℃下搅拌15分钟。向其中加入酮(1)(1.21g,10.8mmol)的THF(10ml)溶液,使混合物升温至室温。2小时后,混合物在乙醚(200ml)和水(150ml)之间进行分配。分出有机相,用盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),真空蒸除溶剂。残渣用闪式柱层析进行纯化(硅胶,乙酸乙酯∶庚烷=5∶95),得到1.40g(71%)(2),其为无色油状物。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ0.84(3H,d,J=6Hz),0.91(3H,d,J=6Hz),1.26(3H,t,J=7Hz),2.01-2.95(6H,m),4.13(2H,q,J=7Hz),5.76(1H,s).
MS(ES+)m/e:183([MH+],18%)。
IR(膜)νcm-1:1043,1125,1200,1658,1715,2959。
(反)-(3,4-二甲基-1-硝基甲基-环戊基)-乙酸乙酯(3)的合成
将不饱和酯(2)(1.384g,7.60mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(10ml)中,并在70℃下与硝基甲烷(0.82ml,15.2mmol))以及四丁基铵氟化物(1.0M的四氢呋喃溶液,11.4ml,11.4mmol)一起进行搅拌。6小时后,将混合物冷却至室温,用乙酸乙酯(50ml)进行稀释,用2N HCl(30ml)进行洗涤,再用盐水(50ml)洗涤。收集有机相,干燥(MgSO4),真空蒸除溶剂。残渣用闪式柱层析进行纯化(硅胶,乙酸乙酯∶庚烷=5∶95),得到0.837g(45%),其为澄清油状物。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ0.91(6H,d,J=6Hz),1.21-1.39(5H,m),1.98(2H,m),2.18(2H,m),2.64(2H,s),4.15(2H,q,J=7Hz),4.61(2H,s).
MS(ES+)m/e:244([MH+],8%)。
IR(膜)νcm-1:1184,1377,1548,1732,2961。
(反)-7,8-二甲基-螺[4,4]壬-2-酮(4)的合成
将硝基酯(3)(0.83g,3.4mmol)溶于甲醇(30ml)中,并在30℃于氢气氛(40psi)下与Raney镍催化剂一起振摇。4小时后,用硅藻土滤除催化剂。真空蒸除溶剂,得到567mg(99%)灰黄色油状物,其放置后固化。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ0.89(6H,d,J=6Hz),1.38(2H,m),1.91(2H,m),2.10(2H,m),2.32(2H,s),3.18(2H,s),5.61(1H,br s).
MS(ES+)m/e:168([MH+],100%)。
IR(膜)νcm-1:1304,1450,1699,2871,3186。
(1α,3β,4β)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸盐酸盐(5)的合成;
在1,4-二噁烷(5ml)和6N HCl(15ml)的混合物溶剂中,将内酰胺(4)(563mg,4.40mmol)加热至回流。4小时后,将混合物冷却至室温,用水(20ml)进行稀释,用二氯甲烷(3×30ml)进行洗涤。收集水相,真空蒸除溶剂。残渣用乙酸乙酯研磨,收集并干燥后得到一固体。用乙酸乙酯/甲醇对其进行重结晶,收集并干燥后得到440mg(59%)(5)。
1H NMR 400MHz(d6-DMSO):δ0.84(6H,d,J=6Hz),1.21(2H,m),1.81(2H,m),2.06(2H,m),2.47(2H,s),2.89(2H,s),7.94(3H,br s),12.30(1H,br s).
MS(ES+)m/e:186([MH-HCl]+,100%)。
实施例5
试剂:(i)三乙基膦酰基乙酸酯(盐),NaH;(ii)MeNO2,Bu4N+F-;(iii)H2,Ni;(iv)HCl
(3-苄基-环亚丁基)-乙酸乙酯(2)的合成
将NaH(60%油状分散体,0.496g,12.4mmol)悬浮于干燥的四氢呋喃(40ml)中,并冷却至0℃。向其中加入三乙基膦酰基乙酸酯(盐)(2.58ml,13.0mmol),混合物于0℃下搅拌15分钟。向其中加入酮(1)(1.89g,11.8mmol)的THF(15ml)溶液,使混合物升温至室温。4小时后,混合物在乙醚(200ml)和水(150ml)之间进行分配。分出有机相,用盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),真空蒸除溶剂。残渣用闪式柱层析进行纯化(硅胶,乙酸乙酯∶庚烷=1∶4),得到2.19g(81%)(2),其为无色油状物。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ1.26(3H,t,J=6Hz),2.55(1H,m),2.64-2.95(5H,m),3.28(2H,m),4.14(2H,q,J=6Hz),5.63(1H,s),7.10-7.32(5H,m).
MS(ES+)m/e:231([MH+],8%)。
IR(膜)νcm-1:1190,1335,1675,1715,2980。
(顺/反)(3-苄基-1-硝基甲基-环丁基)-乙酸乙酯(3)的合成
将不饱和酯(2)(2.17g,9.42mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(15ml)中,并在70℃下与硝基甲烷(1.02ml,18.8mmol))以及四丁基铵氟化物(1.0M的四氢呋喃溶液,14ml,14.0mmol)一起进行搅拌。24小时后,将混合物冷却至室温,用乙酸乙酯(150ml)进行稀释,用2N HCl(60ml)进行洗涤,再用盐水(100ml)洗涤。收集有机相,干燥(MgSO4),真空蒸除溶剂。残渣用闪式柱层析进行纯化(硅胶,乙酸乙酯∶庚烷=1∶1),得到1.55g(57%),其为澄清油状物。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ1.25(3H,m),1.86(2H,m),2.09-2.33(2H,m),2.53-2.78(3H,m),4.15(2H,q,J=6Hz),4.62和4.71(总2H,2×s,顺/反),7.08-7.34(5H,m).
MS(ES+)m/e:292([MH+],100%)。
IR(膜)νcm-1:1185,1378,1549,1732,2933。
(顺/反)(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-环丁基)-乙酸盐酸盐(4)的合成
将硝基酯(3)(1.53g,5.25mmol)溶于甲醇(50ml)中,并在30℃于氢气氛(45psi)下与Raney镍催化剂一起振摇。5小时后,用硅藻土滤除催化剂。真空蒸除溶剂,得到1.32g灰黄色油状物,其无需纯化即可以使用。将油状物溶于1,4-二噁烷(5ml)和6N HCl(15ml)的混合物溶剂中,并加热至回流。4小时后,将混合物冷却至室温,用水(20ml)进行稀释,用二氯甲烷(3×30ml)进行洗涤。收集水相,真空蒸除溶剂。残渣用乙酸乙酯研磨,收集并干燥后得到0.88g(62%)白色固体。
1H NMR 400MHz(d6-DMSO):δ1.64(1H,m),1.84(2H,m),2.07(1H,m),2.20-2.74(5H,m),2.98和3.04(总2H,2×s,顺/反),7.10-7.31(5H,m),8.00(3H,br s),12.28(1H,br s).
MS(ES+)m/e:234([MH-HCl]+,100%)。
实施例6
试剂:(i)三乙基膦酰基乙酸酯(盐),NaH;(ii)MeNO2,Bu4N+F-;(iii)H2,Ni;(iv)HCl
酮(1)是文献已知的,其可以采用下列文献中所述方法进行合成:Y.Kato,Chem.Pharm.Bull.,1966;14:1438-1439以及有关文献:W.C.M.C.Kokke,F.A.Varkevisser,J.Org.Chem.,1974;39:1535;R.Baker,D.C..Billington,N.Eranayaka,JCS Chem..Comm.,1981:1234;K.Furuta,K.Iwanaga,H..Yamamoto,Tet.Lett.,1986;27:4507;G.Solladie,O.Lohse,Tet.Asymm..,1993;4:1547;A.Rosenquist,I.Kvarnstrom,S.C.T.Svensson,B.Classon,B.Samuelsson,Acta..Chem..Scand,1992;46:1127;E.J.Corey,W.Su,Tet.Lett.,1988;29:3423;D.W..Knight,B.Ojhara,Tet.Lett.,1981;22:5101。
(反)(3,4-二甲基-环亚戊基)-乙酸乙酯(2)的合成
0℃氮气氛下,于5分钟内,向氢化钠(1.3g,32.5mmol)的THF溶液(60ml)中加入三乙基膦酰基乙酸酯(盐)(6.5ml,32.7mmol)。进一步搅拌10分钟后,向此澄清的溶液中加入(1)(大约2.68g,大约30mmol)的THF(2×10ml)溶液。移去冰浴。4小时后,将其倾入冰水(100ml)中终止反应,用乙醚(400ml)提取混合物。有机层用饱和盐水(100ml)洗涤,干燥并真空浓缩,柱层析后(10∶1庚烷∶乙酸乙酯)得到产品,其为油状物,大约4.53g,100%;91%。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ1.01(3H,d,J=6Hz),1.03(3H,d,J=6Hz),1.26(3H,t,J=7Hz),1.49(2H,m),2.07(1H,m),2.24(1H,m),2.61(1H,m),4.13(2H,q,J=7Hz),5.72(1H,s).
MS(ES+)m/e:183([MH+],21%)。
(反)(3,4-二甲基-1-硝基甲基-环戊基)-乙酸乙酯(3)的合成
向(2)(4.24g,23.3mmol)的THF溶液(15ml)中加入TBAF(32ml 1M的THF溶液,32mmol),然后加入硝基甲烷(3ml)。溶液在60℃下加热8小时。冷却后,混合物用乙酸乙酯(150ml)稀释,2N HCl(40ml)洗涤,再用饱和盐水(50ml)洗涤。柱层析后(10∶1庚烷∶乙酸乙酯)得到产品,其为油状物,2.24g,40%。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ0.98(6H,d,J=6Hz),1.10-1.39(5H,m),1.47(2H,m),1.87(1H,m),2.03(1H,m),2.57(2H,ABq,J=16,38Hz),4.14(2H,q,J=7Hz),4.61(2H,ABq,J=12,60Hz).
MS(ES+)m/e:244([MH+],5%)。
IR(膜)νcm-1:1186,1376,1549,1732,2956。
(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸盐酸盐(6)的合成
30℃、50psi并有Ni海绵物的存在下,使(3)的溶液(3.5g,14.4mmol)的甲醇溶液(100ml)进行氢化反应4小时。滤除催化剂,真空浓缩,得到2.53g(96%)2∶1的内酰胺和氨基酯的混合物,其无需纯化即可以用于下一步反应。将混合物(2.53g,13.8mmol)的二噁烷(15ml)溶液以及6N HCl(45ml)一起加热回流4小时。冷却后,用水(60ml)稀释,混合物用二氯甲烷(3×50ml)洗涤,真空浓缩。残余的油状物用乙酸乙酯和二氯甲烷洗涤,得到粘性泡沫状产物,干燥后得到白色粉末状产品,2.32g,76%。
αD(23℃)(H2O)(c=1.002)=+28.2°。
1H NMR 400MHz(d6-DMSO):δ0.91(6H,d,J=6Hz),1.18(2H,m),1.42(2H,m),1.72(1H,m),1.87(1H,m),2.42(2H,ABq,J=16,24Hz),2.90(2H,ABq,J=12,34Hz),8.00(3H,br s),12.34(1H,br s).
MS(ES+)m/e:186([MH-HCl]+,100%)。
实施例7
酮(1)是文献已知的,其可以采用下列文献中所述方法进行合成:W.C.M.C..Kokke,F.A.Varkevisser,J.Org.Chem.,1974;39:1535;Carnmalm,Ark.Kemi,1960;15:215,219;Carnmalm,Chem.Ind.,1956:1093;Linder等人,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1977;99:727,733;A.E.Greene,F.Charbonnier,Tet.Lett.1985;26:5525以及有关的文献:R.Baker,D.C..Billington,N.Eranayaka,JCS Chem..Comm.,1981:1234;K.Furuta,K.Iwanaga,H..Yamamoto,Tet.Lett.,1986;27:4507;G.Solladie,O.Lohse,Tet.Asymm..,1993;4:1547;A.Rosenquist,I.Kvarnstrom,S.C.T.Svensson,B.Classon,B.Samuelsson,Acta..Chem..Scand,1992;46:1127;E.J.Corey,W.Su.,Tet.Lett.,1988;29:3423;D.W..Knight,B.Ojhara,Tet.Lett.,1981;22:5101。
(反)(3,4-二甲基-环亚戊基)-乙酸乙酯(2)的合成
0℃氮气氛下,于5分钟内,向氢化钠(0.824g,20.6mmol)的THF溶液(40ml)中加入三乙基膦酰基乙酸酯(盐)(4.1ml,20.7mmol)。进一步搅拌10分钟后,向此澄清的溶液中加入(1)(大约2.10g,大约15.8mmol)的THF(2×10ml)溶液。移去冰浴。4小时后,将其倾入冰水(100ml)中终止反应,用乙醚(4×100ml)提取混合物。有机层用饱和盐水(50ml)洗涤,干燥并真空浓缩,柱层析后(10∶1庚烷∶乙酸乙酯)得到产品,其为油状物,大约2.643g,100%;91%。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ1.01(3H,d,J=6Hz),1.03(3H,d,J=6Hz),1.26(3H,t,J=7Hz),1.49(2H,m),2.07(1H,m),2.24(1H,m),2.61(1H,m),4.13(2H,q,J=7Hz),5.72(1H,s).
MS(Cl+)m/e:183([MH+],19%)。
(反)(3,4-二甲基-1-硝基甲基-环戊基)-乙酸乙酯(3)的合成
向(2)(2.44g,13.4mmol)的THF溶液(12ml)中加入TBAF(18ml 1M的THF溶液,18mmol),然后加入硝基甲烷(2ml)。溶液在60℃下加热4小时。冷却后,混合物用乙酸乙酯(250ml)稀释,2N HCl(50ml)洗涤,再用饱和盐水(50ml)洗涤。柱层析后(10∶1庚烷∶乙酸乙酯)得到产品,其为油状物,1.351g,41%。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ0.98(6H,d,J=6Hz),1.10-1.39(5H,m),1.47(2H,m),1.87(1H,m),2.03(1H,m),2.57(2H,ABq,J=16,38Hz),4.14(2H,q,J=7Hz),4.61(2H,ABq,J=12,60Hz).
MS(ES+)m/e:244([MH+],12%)。
IR(膜)νcm-1:1186,1376,1549,1732,2956。
(3R,4R)(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸盐酸盐(6)的合成
30℃、50psi并有Ni海绵物的存在下,使(3)的溶液(1.217g,5.0mmol)的甲醇溶液(100ml)进行氢化反应4小时。滤除催化剂,真空浓缩,得到1.00g(100%)3∶5的内酰胺和氨基酯的混合物,其无需纯化即可以用于下一步反应。将混合物(1.00g,5.0mmol)的二噁烷(10ml)溶液以及6N HCl(30ml)一起加热回流4小时(油浴温度=110℃)。冷却后,用水(100ml)稀释,混合物用二氯甲烷(2×50ml)洗涤,真空浓缩。残余的油状物用乙酸乙酯和二氯甲烷洗涤,得到粘性泡沫状产物,干燥后得到白色粉末状产品,0.532g,48%。
αD(23℃)(H2O)(c=1.01)=-27.0°。
1H NMR 400MHz(d6-DMSO):δ0.91(6H,d,J=6Hz),1.18(2H,m),1.42(2H,m),1.72(1H,m),1.87(1H,m),2.42(2H,ABq,J=16,24Hz),2.90(2H,ABq,J=12,34Hz),8.00(3H,br s),12.34(1H,br s).
MS(ES+)m/e:186([MH-HCl]+,100%)。
实施例8
试剂和条件:(i)(EtO)2POCH2CO2Et,NaH,THF;(ii)CH3NO2,nBu4NF,THF;(iii)RaNi,H2,MeOH;(iv)6N HCl
二甲基环戊酮1的合成
按照Hiegel和Burk在J.Org.Chem.,1973;38:3637中所述的方法可以制备3,3-二甲基环戊酮。
(3,3-二甲基-环亚戊基)-乙酸乙酯(2)的合成
0℃下,向搅拌着的三乙基膦酰基乙酸酯(盐)(1.84g,7.52mmol)的THF(20ml)溶液中加入氢化钠(300mg,60%油状分散体)。30分钟后,向其中加入酮(1)(766mg,6.84mmol)的THF(5ml)溶液。24小时后,用饱和氯化铵稀释溶液,溶液分成两层。水层用乙醚(3×50ml)提取,干燥(MgSO4)。浓缩合并的有机层,残渣用闪式柱层析进行纯化(己烷/乙酸乙酯=25∶1),得到697mg(56%)酯(2),其为油状物。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ5.7(1H,s),4.1(2H,q),2.8(1H,t),2.5(1H,t),2.2(1H,s),1.55(1H,m),1.45(1H,m),1.2(3H,t),1.0(3H,s),0.98(3H,s).
MS(m/z):183(MH+,100%),224(50%)。
(±)-(3,3-二甲基-1-硝基甲基-环戊基)-乙酸乙酯(3)的合成
将四丁基铵氟化物(5.75ml 1M的THF溶液,5.75mmol)加到酯2(697mg,3.83mmol)和硝基甲烷(467mg,7.66mmol)的THF溶液(20ml)中。将混合物加热至70℃。19小时后,再加入硝基甲烷(233mg,1.9mmol)和四丁基铵氟化物(1.9ml 1M的THF溶液,1.9mmol),继续回流7小时。将溶液冷却至室温,用乙酸乙酯(40ml)稀释,2N HCl(20ml)及盐水(20ml)洗涤。有机层用MgSO4干燥并浓缩。粗品用闪式柱层析进行纯化(己烷/乙酸乙酯=9∶1),得到硝基酯3(380mg,41%),其为油状物。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ4.62(1H,d),4.6(1H,d),4.1(2H,q),2.6(1H,d),2.58(1H,d),1.8(1H,m),1.7(1H,m),1.6-1.4(4H,m),1.2(3H,t),0.98(6H,s).
MS(m/z):244(MH+,40%),198(100%)。
(±)7,7-二甲基-螺[4,4]壬-2-酮(4)的合成
将酯3(380mg,1.6mmol)及Raney镍(1g)一起悬浮于甲醇(75ml)中,并在氢气氛下振摇24小时。滤除催化剂。浓缩滤液,得到(246mg,94%)内酰胺4,其为白色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ 3.21(1H,d),3.08(1H,d),2.24(1H,d),2.18(1H,d),1.7(2H,m),1.5-1.4(4H,m),0.98(6H,s).
MS(m/z):168(MH+,40%)。
(±)-(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸盐酸盐(5)的合成
将内酰胺(240mg,1.44mmol)在6 HCl中加热回流24小时。减压浓缩残余物,用乙醚研磨,得到氨基酸5,其为白色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ2.98(2H,s),2.4(2H,s),1.5(2H,m),1.4-1.2(4H,m),0.84(3H,s),0.84(3H,s).
MS(m/z):186(MH+,100%),168(M-NH3,20%)。
实施例9
(顺)-(3R)-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸盐酸盐的合成
试剂和条件:(i)H2,Pd/C,MeOH;(ii)I2,Ph3P,咪唑,CH3CN;(iii)LAH,THF;(iv)TsNHN=CHCOCl,PhNMe2,Et3N;(v)Rh2(cap)4,CH2CH2,回流;(vi)a)BBr3,EtOH;b)NH3;(vii)6NHCl,回流。
按照Tetrahedron:Asymmetry 3,1992:431中所述的方法可以制备单酯1。
在第一步中,在合适的温度下(例如20-80℃下),并在合适的溶剂中(例如甲醇,乙醇,异丙醇,乙酸乙酯,乙酸,1,4-二噁烷,氯仿或乙醚),使用催化剂(例如Raney镍,Pd/C或铑化剂或其它含有镍或钯的催化剂)对酯1进行氢化反应。
在第二步中,于0℃至室温下,在溶剂中(例如,乙醚,四氢呋喃或乙腈),用三苯基磷,咪唑和碘处理醇2,得到碘化物3。
在第三步中,于0℃至回流温度下,在溶剂中(例如,乙醚或四氢呋喃),用合适的还原剂(例如氢化铝锂或硼氢化钠)处理碘3,得到醇4。
在第四步中,在溶剂中(例如,二氯甲烷,氯仿,苯或甲苯),用二羟乙酰氯(对甲苯磺酰基)腙和N,N-二甲基苯胺以及三乙胺处理醇4,得到二偶氮乙酸酯5。
在第五步中,按照Doyle和Dyatkin在J.Org.Chem.,1995;60:3035中所述的方法,将二偶氮乙酸酯5加到合适的铑(II)催化剂(例如Rh2(cap)4,Rh2(5S-MEOX)4,Rh2(5S-MEPY)4,Rh2(5R-MEPY)4或Rh2(OAc)4)的回流溶液或悬浮液(溶剂为二氯甲烷,苯,甲苯,1,2-二氯乙烷)中,得到螺内酯6。
在第六步中,用溴化氢或三溴化硼的甲醇或乙醇溶液处理螺内酯6,得到溴代酯中间体,使其与氨进行反应,得到螺内酰胺7。
在第七步中,用盐酸溶液(6N-12N)在回流温度下处理螺内酰胺7,可以向其中加入与水可混溶的助溶剂(例如1,4-二噁烷或四氢呋喃),得到氨基酸8。
Claims (18)
2、权利要求1中的化合物,其中R1至R14选自氢,甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,直链或支链的丁基,苯基或苄基。
3、权利要求1中的化合物,其中R1至R14选自氢,甲基,乙基或苄基。
4、权利要求1中的化合物,其选自:
(±)-(反)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸盐酸盐;
(1-氨基甲基-环丁基)-乙酸盐酸盐;
(顺/反)-(3R)-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸盐酸盐;以及
(顺)-(3R)-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸盐酸盐。
5、权利要求1中的化合物,其选自:
(1α,3α,4α)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,3α,4α)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,3α,4α)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,3α,4α)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-3-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-3-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-3,3,4,4-四甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-3,3,4,4-四乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,3β,4β)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,3β,4β)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,3β,4β)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,3β,4β)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-反)-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-反)-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-反)-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-反)-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-反)-(1-氨基甲基-3-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-反)-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-反)-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-反)-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-反)-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-反)-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-反)-(1-氨基甲基-3-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-反)-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(R)-(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-苯基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-苯基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-3-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-3-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-3-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-3-苯基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-3-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-3-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-3-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-3-苯基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-3-异丙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-3-乙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-3-苯基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-3-乙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-3-异丙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-3-乙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-3-苯基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-3-乙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-3-异丙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-3-苯基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-3-异丙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-3-苯基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-3-叔丁基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-3-异丙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-3-苯基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-3-异丙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
反-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-3-苯基-环丁基)-乙酸;
顺-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-3-叔丁基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二乙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二异丙基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二叔丁基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二苯基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二苄基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-2,2,4,4-四甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-2,2,3,3,4,4-六甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(R)-(1-氨基甲基-2,2-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(S)-(1-氨基甲基-2,2-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1R-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-2-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2α,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1α,2α,4α)-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2α,3β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1α,2α,4β)-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1S-反)-(1-氨基甲基-2-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2β,3β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1α,2β,4β)-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2β,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1α,2β,4α)-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1R-反)-(1-氨基甲基-2-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2β,3β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2-乙基-4-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2β,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1α,2β,4α)-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1S-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-2-甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2α,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2α,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2β,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(1α,2α,4β)-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环丁基)-乙酸;
(3R,4R)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(3R,4R)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(3R,4R)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(3R,4R)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(3R,4R)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二苄基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(3R,4R)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二苄基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-乙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-异丙基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-叔丁基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-苯基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-2-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-顺)-(1-氨基甲基-2-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-反)-(1-氨基甲基-2-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-反)-(1-氨基甲基-2-甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(R)-(1-氨基甲基-2,2-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(S)-(1-氨基甲基-2,2-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-2,2,5,5-四甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,2β,5β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,5-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(2R,5R)-(1-氨基甲基-2,5-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(2S,5S)-(1-氨基甲基-2,5-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,2α,5α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,5-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2α,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2β,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2α,3β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2β,3β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2α,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2β,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2α,3β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2β,3β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸;以及
[1S-(1α,2β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基-环戊基)-乙酸。
6、包括治疗有效量的权利要求1中的化合物及药用载体的药物组合物。
7、权利要求1中的化合物用于制备治疗癫痫的药物的用途。
8、权利要求1中的化合物用于制备治疗昏厥发作、运动功能减退以及颅失调的药物的用途。
9、权利要求1中的化合物用于制备治疗神经变性的药物的用途。
10、权利要求1中的化合物用于制备治疗抑郁的药物的用途。
11、权利要求1中的化合物用于制备治疗焦虑的药物的用途。
12、权利要求1中的化合物用于制备治疗恐慌的药物的用途。
13、权利要求1中的化合物用于制备治疗疼痛的药物的用途。
14、权利要求1中的化合物用于制备治疗癫痫发作的药物的用途。
15、权利要求1中的化合物用于制备治疗炎症的药物的用途。
16、权利要求1中的化合物用于制备治疗胃肠道失调的药物的用途。
17、权利要求1中的化合物用于制备治疗刺激肠综合症的药物的用途。
18、化合物选自:
(反)-(3,4-二甲基-亚环戊基)乙酸乙酯;
(反)-(3,4-二甲基-1-硝基甲基-环戊基)乙酸;
(±)-(反)-7,8-二甲基-螺[4,4]壬烷-2-酮;
(1-硝基甲基-环丁基)乙酸乙酯;
(顺/反)-(3R)(3-甲基-1-硝基甲基-环戊基)乙酸乙酯;
(顺/反)-(7R)-7-甲基-螺[4,4]壬烷-2-酮;
(顺)-(3,4-二甲基-亚环戊基)乙酸乙酯;
(反)-(3,4-二甲基-1-硝基甲基-环戊基)乙酸乙酯;
(反)-7,8-二甲基-螺[4,4]壬烷-2-酮;
(3-苄基-亚环丁基)乙酸乙酯;以及
(顺/反)-(3-苄基-1-硝基甲基-环戊基)乙酸乙酯。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US6364497P | 1997-10-27 | 1997-10-27 | |
| US60/063,644 | 1997-10-27 | ||
| US9768598P | 1998-08-24 | 1998-08-24 | |
| US60/097,685 | 1998-08-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB98810346XA Division CN1138755C (zh) | 1997-10-27 | 1998-09-23 | 作为药物的环状氨基酸及其衍生物 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1500773A true CN1500773A (zh) | 2004-06-02 |
| CN1303059C CN1303059C (zh) | 2007-03-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB98810346XA Expired - Fee Related CN1138755C (zh) | 1997-10-27 | 1998-09-23 | 作为药物的环状氨基酸及其衍生物 |
| CNB2003101209321A Expired - Fee Related CN1303059C (zh) | 1997-10-27 | 1998-09-23 | 作为药物的环状氨基酸及其衍生物 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB98810346XA Expired - Fee Related CN1138755C (zh) | 1997-10-27 | 1998-09-23 | 作为药物的环状氨基酸及其衍生物 |
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| EP (1) | EP1032555B1 (zh) |
| JP (2) | JP3756761B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100589066B1 (zh) |
| CN (2) | CN1138755C (zh) |
| AR (1) | AR013726A1 (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE323067T1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU755800B2 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR9813284B1 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2303244C (zh) |
| CO (1) | CO5280097A1 (zh) |
| CU (1) | CU23048A3 (zh) |
| CY (1) | CY1105062T1 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE69834204T2 (zh) |
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| ES (1) | ES2260850T3 (zh) |
| GE (1) | GEP20094817B (zh) |
| HU (1) | HUP0004310A3 (zh) |
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| PE (1) | PE122799A1 (zh) |
| PL (2) | PL199794B1 (zh) |
| PT (1) | PT1032555E (zh) |
| SI (1) | SI1032555T1 (zh) |
| TR (1) | TR200001170T2 (zh) |
| UY (1) | UY25223A1 (zh) |
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