CN1592769A - 基于涂布的玻璃片的效应颜料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及基于薄玻璃片的效应颜料和涉及生产这种颜料的方法。可在任何领域中使用所得颜料,其中珠光光泽的颜料已用于例如塑料、油漆、油墨、化妆品制剂、包括溶剂的涂料或水基汽车油漆体系、粉末涂料、油墨和农用箔。
Description
本发明涉及基于薄玻璃片的效应颜料、生产这种颜料的方法和它们在塑料、油漆、涂料、粉末涂料、油墨、印刷油墨、玻璃、陶瓷产品、农用箔和在化妆品配方中的应用。
40多年以来,使用所谓珠光颜料可实现彩虹光泽效应。已开发出各种替代技术产生颜色/光泽效应。制造这些颜料的最重要、经济和通用的方法是用高折射物质如TiO2、Fe2O3、SnO2、ZrO2、Cr2O3或这些物质的结合或用高和/或低折射率的交替层涂布片晶(platelet)形载体。迄今为止,几乎唯一使用的载体是湿式研碎的白云母。它便宜、容易获得且易于劈开成光滑和非常薄的片晶。这些可分类成任何所需的粒度分布。另外,基于云母的颜料对化学、机械或热处理非常稳定。但云母的一些缺点是,由于它是一种天然产品,所以它的各种来源以及甚至它的各次批料均显示出不一致性。这必须通过调节加工参数来克服。天然云母含有杂质如石英或Fe、Mn、Cu,其中石英使加工更复杂(研磨工具的磨损,废物),而Fe、Mn、Cu使主色变为黄灰色,而不是白色。当研碎时,它得到厚度与直径分布宽的片晶。这可通过合适的分类来降低,但永远不会导致均匀的形状。
在过去,研究者试图寻找云母的相应替代物,它保持云母的优点,但不包含上述缺点。
在专利文献中,已提出各种其它的片状材料作为云母的替代物。这些包括不溶的无机材料如玻璃、搪瓷、陶土、瓷、天然石头或其它含硅物质、金属物体和有机聚合物材料如聚碳酸酯的表面,正例如在美国专利No.3123485、No.3219734、No.3616100、No.3444987、No.4552593和No.4735869中所公开的。尽管在许多场合,例如在美国专利No.3331699中提及玻璃作为一种可能性,但使用玻璃没有制造出商业的珠光光泽产品,和经验表明使用玻璃作为片状基材所制造的产品具有相当差的质量。
美国专利No.3331699公开了可用折射指数高的金属氧化物(如二氧化钛)颗粒的半透明层涂布玻璃片,条件是在玻璃片上首先沉积在酸性溶液中不溶的成核物质,由所述成核物质沉积金属氧化物的半透明层。该专利没有提及对光滑透明膜(不是颗粒)的需要,对开发质量干涉颜料是必需的。该专利教导了玻璃的本质不是关键的,但成核表面的存在是关键的。该专利进一步述及存在有在酸性溶液中不溶且能在玻璃片上形成成核表面的仅仅小量金属氧化物;氧化锡和一水合氧化铝的纤维状勃姆石形式是公开的唯一的两种这种材料。正如以下所述,根据该专利的教导所制备的产品质量差。
美国专利No.5436077公开了一种玻璃片基材,它具有金属覆盖层,在该金属覆盖层上形成金属氧化物如二氧化钛的致密保护覆盖层。在该专利中,玻璃的本质不重要,金属涂层提供所需的外观,和存在金属氧化物的保护涂层,以保护金属层免受环境的腐蚀。
EP0912640B1教导了C玻璃的厚片涂层,它具有在其上的第一涂层,所述第一涂层包括氧化铁或金红石型二氧化钛。C玻璃的缺点是有限的热稳定性。如EP0912640B1中所公开的,在不高于600℃的温度下焙烧根据相应实施例制备的金红石颜料。公知焙烧温度对于金红石颜料的稳定性,特别是对于户外应用来说是非常重要的。为了在基材上有效地生产稳定的金红石TiO2层,要求至少800℃的焙烧温度。
为了制备珠光颜料,片状基材的透明度和厚度非常重要。EP0912640B1首次公开了以合理的成本制造极薄的玻璃片。根据所要求保护的方法,不仅能以任何所需的组成,例如由纯SiO2,而且能满足所想要的应用,以低到小于0.8微米的任何厚度制造玻璃片。
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的问题,并提供具有有利的应用性能的新型效应颜料。通过本发明的基于非常薄的玻璃片的效应颜料,可以实现这一目的,所述的非常薄的玻璃片具有下述特征:
(1)玻璃片的厚度≤1.0微米;
(2)高温和机械稳定性;
(3)光滑的表面。
本发明涉及效应颜料,它以涂布了一层或多层具有高和/或低折射指数的层、厚度≤1.0微米的玻璃片为基础。玻璃片的厚度优选≤0.8微米,特别是≤0.5微米。特别优选软化点≥800℃的薄玻璃片。
玻璃可分成例如A玻璃、C玻璃、E玻璃、ECR玻璃。对于本发明,优选石英玻璃,但这种玻璃的生产非常昂贵。满足所要求的软化点特征的玻璃类型是石英玻璃和软化点≥800℃的任何其它玻璃组合物。满足该要求的玻璃片是特殊的玻璃,如Schott Duran或Supremax类型。根据ASTM C 338,本发明的软化点定义为:当以5℃/min的速率加热其上部的10cm时,直径为0.55-0.75mm和长度为23.5cm的均匀的玻璃纤维以1mm/min增加其长度的温度。
根据EP0289240B1优选制备的合适玻璃片的特征在于它们具有5-1000微米范围内,优选5-150微米范围内的平均粒度。优选的玻璃片具有在5-150微米范围内的平均粒度,和0.1-0.5微米,优选0.1-0.3微米的厚度。玻璃片的长宽比在10-300范围内,优选在50-200范围内。
用选自金属氧化物、金属低氧化物、金属氟化物、金属卤氧化物、金属硫属元素化物、金属氮化物、金属硫化物、金属碳化物或其混合物中的一层或多层涂布玻璃颗粒。
合适的金属氧化物的实例是TiO2、Fe2O3、TiFe2O5、低氧化钛、Fe3O4、Cr2O3、Al2O3、SiO2、ZrO2、ZnO、SnO2、CoO、Co3O4、VO2、V2O3、Sn(Sb)O2、或其混合物。TiO2层可以是金红石或锐钛矿的变形形式,优选TiO2层是金红石。特别优选的是用TiO2和/或Fe2O3涂布的玻璃片。
在玻璃片上的金属硫化物涂层优选选自锡、银、镧、稀土金属的硫化物,优选铈、铬、钼、钨、铁、钴和/或镍的硫化物。
能以与例如云母基珠光光泽颜料相同的方式涂布玻璃片。通过任何已知的方法如通过加热或碱的金属盐的水解,它使水合的金属氧化物沉积,任选地接着焙烧,得到金属氧化物的涂层。
本发明的步骤一般包括分散薄玻璃片颗粒,并将该分散体与在玻璃片上形成水合金属氧化物膜涂层的前体混合。
将玻璃分散在水中并在合适的容器中放置之后,加入合适的金属盐。在加入金属盐的过程中,通过同时加入合适的碱,例如氢氧化钠,使所得分散体的pH维持在合适的水平下,从而引起水合金属氧化物在玻璃片上沉淀。可使用含水酸例如盐酸调节pH。可视需要在焙烧成最终的颜料之前,洗涤并干燥涂布过的片晶。其步骤详细地公开在美国专利No.5433779以及德国专利No.1467468、No.1959998、NO.2009566、No.2214545、NO.2215191、No.2244298、No.2313331、No.2522572、No.3137808、No.3137809、No.3151343、No.3151354、No.3151355、No.3211602和No.3253017中。
优选通过玻璃片的湿式化学涂布或通过挥发性金属化合物的气相分解(CVD、PVD)或无电镀膜法,制备本发明的效应颜料。
以该方式获得的效应颜料的特征在于使薄玻璃片涂布(enrobing)均匀的一层或多层均匀层。
以下给出了本发明的优选效应颜料:
玻璃片+TiO2(金红石);
玻璃片+Fe2O3;
玻璃片+Fe3O4;
玻璃片+TiFe2O5;
玻璃片+Cr2O3;
玻璃片+ZrO2;
玻璃片+Sn(Sb)O2;
玻璃片+BiOCl;
玻璃片+Al2O3;
玻璃片+Ce2S3;
玻璃片+MoS2。
一般地,层的厚度范围为0.1-1000nm,优选0.2-300nm。光学层的厚度一般适合于特定的应用。用一层或两层涂布优选的颜料。
为了提高光稳定性和气候稳定性,常常建议根据应用领域对涂布的玻璃片进行表面处理。有用的表面处理包括例如在DE-C2215191、DE-A3151354、DE-A3235017或DE-A3334598、DE4030727A1、EP0649886A2、WO97/29059、WO99/57204、U.S.5759255中所述的方法。这种表面处理进一步提高颜料的化学稳定性和/或促进颜料的处理,特别是地将它掺入到各种应用介质内时。
本发明的效应颜料有利地用于许多目的,如塑料、玻璃、陶瓷产品、农用箔、装饰化妆品制剂和尤其是涂料,特别是汽车涂料和包括印刷油墨在内的油墨的着色。可使用所有常见的印刷方法例如胶版印刷、凹版印刷、金粉印刷、苯胺印刷。此外,可使用它们作为功能性颜料如导电颜料,作为磁性颜料或制造介质例如塑料、纸板制品和纸张、激光标记(laser markable)。
本发明的效应颜料也有利地用于与填料颜料或透明和遮盖白色、着色和黑色有机与无机颜料混合的这些应用,以及与基于金属氧化物涂布的云母、TiO2片、SiO2片或Al2O3片的常规透明、着色和黑色光泽颜料,和涂布或未涂布的金属颜料、BiOCl颜料、片晶状氧化铁或石墨片混合的这些应用。
另外,本发明的颜料混合物可含有无机或有机着色剂、触变剂、润湿剂、分散剂、水、有机溶剂或溶剂混合物等。
本发明的颜料混合物简单且易于处理。可将该颜料混合物掺入到体系内,通过简单混合可使用它。不需要颜料的费力研磨和分散步骤。
本发明的涂布的玻璃片可用于颜料和/或涂布材料、印刷油墨、塑料、农用薄膜、钮扣糊剂,用于种子的包衣、用于食品的着色、食品涂层、医药或化妆品制剂中。在为了着色而使用的体系内颜料的浓度通常介于0.01至50wt%,优选介于0.1至5wt%,基于体系内的总固体含量。这一浓度通常取决于具体的应用。
包含0.1-50wt%,尤其是0.5-7wt%的本发明颜料混合物的塑料,对于特殊的亮度来说通常是显著的。
在涂布区中,特别是在汽车漆面中,以0.5-10wt%的用量使用玻璃片。
在粘合剂体系如油漆和凹版印刷、胶版印刷或网目印刷用印刷油墨的着色中,将颜料以2-50wt%,优选5-30wt%,和尤其8-15wt%的用量掺入到印刷油墨内。
本发明同样提供颜料制剂,它包括涂布的玻璃片、任选的效应颜料、粘合剂和视需要的添加剂。所述制剂以基本上无溶剂、自由流动的颗粒形式存在。这种颗粒含有高达95wt%本发明的颜料。在使用或不使用添加剂的情况下,用粘合剂和用水和/或有机溶剂粘贴本发明的玻璃片,随后干燥糊状物以至于变为紧密的粒状物形式如颗粒、丸粒、团块、母料(masterbatch)或片剂的这种颜料制剂特别适合作为印刷油墨的前体。
因此本发明也提供含本发明颜料的制剂。
为了进一步阐述本发明,如下列出各种非限制性实施例。在这些实施例以及本说明书和权利要求中,所有份数和百分数以重量为单位,所有温度为摄氏度,除非另有说明。
实施例
实施例1(金红石型银白色颜料)现有技术
将200g E-玻璃片(厚度:5微米;直径:10-40微米;比表面积:约0.2m2/g)悬浮在2L去离子水中。在剧烈搅拌下将悬浮液加热到80℃。在用稀盐酸调节pH到2.0之后,在约1小时的时间段内,同时用10%氢氧化钠中和下,通过将3g SnCl4×5H2O(在10ml浓盐酸加50ml去离子水内)溶液加入到悬浮液内,在玻璃片上沉淀第一层SnO2。为了完成反应,再继续搅拌悬浮液15分钟。通过用稀盐酸调节pH到1.8,然后在约3小时内用10%氢氧化钠滴定63.5mlTiCl4溶液(400g TiCl4/L去离子水),来持续进行涂布。达到所需的层厚即终止涂布,再搅拌15分钟、过滤、用去离子水水洗涤并干燥。在800℃下焙烧30分钟之后,得到银白色的金红石颜料。
实施例2(金红石型银白色颜料)
将200g E-玻璃片(厚度:0.5微米;直径:10-40微米;比表面积:约1.7m2/g)悬浮在2L去离子水中。以与实施例1相同的方式进行涂布。滴定时间保持相同,仅将溶液的用量调节为不同的基料:5g SnCl4×5H2O(在15m1浓盐酸加75ml去离子水中)196.3ml TiCl4溶液(400g TiCl4/L去离子水)在800℃下焙烧30分钟之后,得到亮银白色的金红石颜料。
实施例3和4(金红石型干涉绿色颜料)
以与实施例1和2相同的方式开始涂布,仅增加所涂布的TiO2(400g TiCl4/L去离子水)用量,得到绿色干涉型颜料,如实施例1和2所述再次进行进一步的步骤。
为了评价它们的性能,由所有这些颜料制造draw down卡。另外制备喷涂板。检测基于厚度为5.0微米和0.5mm玻璃片的颜料,它们的色彩和它们的视觉性能。
结果:
-厚度为5.0微米的draw down卡和喷涂板颜料显示出非常弱的性能,给人留下“淡(dilute)”的印象。对于银白色来说,观察到很少的亮度和很少的遮蔽效果,而对绿色来说,发现暗的颜色和很少的亮度;
-在阳光下效果较好一点,因为一些大片显示出某种闪光;
-厚度为0.5mm的颜料的情况完全不同;它们在亮度、光泽和(对于绿色来说)色度方面超过相当的云母颜料;
-印象特别深的是结合无色的高透明度;
-用显微镜观察表明所有颜料的表面良好且均匀涂布,差别大多数来自于5mm颗粒的不完美的取向。
Claims (12)
1.一种基于厚度≤1.0微米的玻璃片的效应颜料,其特征在于玻璃片用一层或多层具有高和/或低折射指数的层涂布。
2.权利要求1的效应颜料,其特征在于玻璃片的软化点≥800℃。
3.权利要求1或2的效应颜料,其特征在于玻璃片用一层或多层金属氧化物、金属低氧化物、金属卤氧化物、金属氟化物、金属硫属元素化物、金属氮化物、金属硫化物、金属碳化物或其混合物涂布。
4.权利要求3的效应颜料,其特征在于金属氧化物是TiO2、Fe2O3、TiFe2O5、钛低氧化物、Fe3O4、Cr2O3、Al2O3、SiO2、ZrO2、ZnO、SnO2、CoO、Co3O4、VO2、V2O3、Sn(Sb)O2或其混合物。
5.权利要求4的效应颜料,其特征在于玻璃片用TiO2、Fe2O3或TiO2与Fe2O3的混合物涂布。
6.权利要求4或5的效应颜料,其特征在于TiO2呈金红石改性形式。
7.权利要求3的效应颜料,其特征在于涂层是选自锡、银、镧、稀土金属、铬、钼、钨、铁、钴和/或镍的硫化物中的金属硫化物。
8.权利要求1-7任一项的效应颜料,其特征在于玻璃片用一层或两层涂布。
9.制备权利要求1的效应颜料的方法,包括通过湿式化学涂布、通过化学或物理气相沉积或无电镀膜和任选地焙烧涂布过的玻璃片来进行玻璃片的涂布。
10.权利要求1的效应颜料在塑料、涂料、粉末涂料、油漆、油墨、印刷油墨、玻璃、陶瓷产品、农用箔和在化妆品制剂中的用途。
11.权利要求1的效应颜料作为导电颜料、作为磁性颜料或作为纸张和塑料的激光标记的掺杂剂的用途。
12.含权利要求1的效应颜料的制剂。
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| CNA2007101087074A Division CN101074326A (zh) | 2001-05-09 | 2002-04-11 | 基于涂布的玻璃片的效应颜料 |
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| CNA200710108706XA Pending CN101074325A (zh) | 2001-05-09 | 2002-04-11 | 基于涂布的玻璃片的效应颜料 |
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- 2002-03-26 TW TW91105867A patent/TWI292773B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-04-11 AU AU2002302524A patent/AU2002302524A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-04-11 CN CNA028094840A patent/CN1592769A/zh active Pending
- 2002-04-11 CN CNA2007101087089A patent/CN101054479A/zh active Pending
- 2002-04-11 BR BR0209460A patent/BR0209460A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-04-11 WO PCT/EP2002/004020 patent/WO2002090448A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-04-11 US US10/473,710 patent/US7226503B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2002-04-11 CN CNA200710108706XA patent/CN101074325A/zh active Pending
- 2002-04-11 JP JP2002587516A patent/JP2004533510A/ja active Pending
- 2002-04-11 KR KR20037014529A patent/KR100903223B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-11 CN CNA2007101087074A patent/CN101074326A/zh active Pending
-
2007
- 2007-03-01 US US11/712,393 patent/US20070212487A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2009
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2010
- 2010-06-16 US US12/816,637 patent/US20100255047A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2011
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103108922A (zh) * | 2010-09-15 | 2013-05-15 | 默克专利股份有限公司 | 颜料颗粒 |
| CN103108922B (zh) * | 2010-09-15 | 2015-10-07 | 默克专利股份有限公司 | 颜料颗粒 |
| CN104204106A (zh) * | 2012-03-23 | 2014-12-10 | 默克专利股份有限公司 | 用氧化铝涂覆的导热的薄片状颜料 |
| CN104204106B (zh) * | 2012-03-23 | 2017-02-22 | 默克专利股份有限公司 | 用氧化铝涂覆的导热的薄片状颜料 |
| CN110835481A (zh) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-02-25 | 东来涂料技术(上海)股份有限公司 | 一种超闪烁玻璃片珠光涂料及其制备方法 |
| CN117425707A (zh) * | 2021-05-17 | 2024-01-19 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | 具有包含氧化锆的被膜的光亮性颜料 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7226503B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 |
| CN101074326A (zh) | 2007-11-21 |
| KR100903223B1 (ko) | 2009-06-17 |
| AU2002302524A1 (en) | 2002-11-18 |
| TWI292773B (en) | 2008-01-21 |
| EP1463777A2 (en) | 2004-10-06 |
| WO2002090448A2 (en) | 2002-11-14 |
| JP2010024460A (ja) | 2010-02-04 |
| US20070212487A1 (en) | 2007-09-13 |
| WO2002090448A3 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
| KR20030097856A (ko) | 2003-12-31 |
| CN101074325A (zh) | 2007-11-21 |
| US20040134385A1 (en) | 2004-07-15 |
| BR0209460A (pt) | 2004-07-06 |
| US20120010300A1 (en) | 2012-01-12 |
| US20100255047A1 (en) | 2010-10-07 |
| JP2004533510A (ja) | 2004-11-04 |
| CN101054479A (zh) | 2007-10-17 |
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