CN1569758A - Organic slow-release fertilizer additive - Google Patents
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- CN1569758A CN1569758A CNA031440231A CN03144023A CN1569758A CN 1569758 A CN1569758 A CN 1569758A CN A031440231 A CNA031440231 A CN A031440231A CN 03144023 A CN03144023 A CN 03144023A CN 1569758 A CN1569758 A CN 1569758A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fertilizer and soil conditioner, wherein the compound fertilizer contains a slow-release fertilizer additive adjustable based on soil and plant requirement, which comprises compound microorganism - organic carrier 2-50%, inorganic carrier 1-30%, ureacondensate 1-50%, primary nutrient 1-60%, trace element 1-10%, and inorganic soil conditioner 1-50%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural, Agro-ecology; forestry, afforestation, gardening, vegetables; grass cultivation, grassland ecology; eco-environment restorations such as environment protection, mine, desert are administered, the production and the utilisation technology of a kind of fertilizer and soil conditioner (fertilizersand soil conditioners), a kind of composite fertilizer (compound fertilizer), formula fertilizer, refined organic fertilizer, seedling bed regulating acid agent class fertilizer product.
Background technology
Fertilizer is one of most important production means of agriculture production.Chinese agriculture has experienced the modern agriculture of the traditional agriculture of using fertilizer and applied chemistry fertilizer, organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.China soil and fertilizer worker in promoting agricultural cience and farming techniques progress course, has brought into play vital role.On the previous work basis, constantly sum up innovation, and actively this intellectual property is protected with the form of patent.
The present invention is a background technology with organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and modern agriculture, and relevant water conservation, guarantor's fertilizer, soil improvement, restoration of the ecosystem are the innovative point of invention in administering with eco-environment restorations such as environment protection, mine, deserts; Use theories such as agroecology, microbiology, Plant Nutrition, " nutrient is given back ", " law of minimum nourishment " and balance fertilizing, the science of check invention; To keep or to improve plant nutrition and soil physical chemistry character and bioactive safe, efficient, economic fertilizer product and embody the practicality of inventing.
A kind of ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive that the present invention relates to its essence is a kind of composite fertilizer, can directly use, or add organic substance, makes a kind of refined organic fertilizer, or adds inorganic fertilizer, makes a kind of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.With the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is example, and it is meant the composite fertilizer that contains organic substance and inorganic nutrients.Organic substance adopts feces of livestock and poultry, municipal wastes organism, mud, stalk, wood chip, food-processing waste material etc., and contain the organic peat composed of rotten mosses, weathered coal, brown coal, humic acid etc., and the material of adding microbiobacterial agent and stimulating growth, be called organic active fertilizer or biological slow-release fertilizer, the inorganic nutrients part mainly is a chemical fertilizer.Because the complicated component of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, be difficult to accurately its actual effect of evaluation when promoting the use of: 1. the fertilizer efficiency of the organic moiety in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is not high: the organic moiety content of present most of organic-inorganic compound fertilizers is about 50%.If in 50%, unit surface is used 200 kilograms of (3 tons of folding per hectares) organic-inorganic compound fertilizers, and the organic substance that applies has only 100 kilograms.Many tests show, per 667 square metres to apply 1500 kilograms of ability of fertilizer effective, if by 30% moisture meter, it is effective that the fertilizer that unit surface applies will reach 1050 kilograms of.As seen, the organic substance that applies of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer fertilizer efficiency that can play is limited.Organic substance maximum effect in organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is the absorption to inorganic nutrients, and organic substance is the dispersive porous insert, can absorb a part of chemical fertilizer nutrient.After organic-inorganic compound fertilizer was manured into soil, chemical fertilizer part was by water dissolution, and a part is absorbed by crop, and a part is absorbed by organism, and the supply intensity of chemical fertilizer is played certain shock absorption.The fertilizer efficiency of many organic-inorganic compound fertilizers only shows the effect of increasing production (comparing with the equivalent inorganic nutrients) about 10%.2. the microbial process in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is uncertain: microorganism just has activity under certain environment, this environmental requirement is very high.The chemical fertilizer great majority are salts, solubleness is very high, microbic activity risen kill or restraining effect, the authoritative sources studies according to fertilizer: different silicate bacterias (colloid bacillus Bacillus mucilagenosus) bacterial strain is admixed brood cell's suspension by 5% in 45% composite fertilizer (urea 35%, two ammoniums 25%, vitriolate of tartar 25%, humic acids 10%), 6 months survival rate 41.7%-72.5%, 12 months survival rate 24.0%-54.8%; Survival rate 46.5%-100% behind the baking 30min in 80 ℃ of baking ovens.What chemical fertilizer adopted in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer course of processing is dry material, does not contain or contains moisture less, and microbic activity is played restraining effect.Behind this incorporation of fertilizerin the soil, the moisture abundance, the fertilizer solution of high density can not bring back to life the microorganism that adds, and also the microorganism that adds might be killed, so the fertilizer efficiency of active mixed organic manure and biological organic composite mixing fertilizer can not be affirmed.3. the fertilizer efficiency of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer mainly is the effect of inorganic fertilizer: organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is a kind of composite fertilizer.According to world regulation, the total nutrient N+P in the composite fertilizer
2O
5+ K
2O=10+6+9=25, it shows and contains 10% nitrogen (N), 6% phosphorus element (P in the inorganic complex fertilizer
2O
5), 9% potassium element (K
2O).Work as per 667 square metres so and use 100 kilograms in this fertilizer,, can satisfy the needs of high yield level, and the organic substance of this moment only there are 50 kilograms for per 667 square metres for most of farm crop.Well imagine if there is not chemical fertilizer effect in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, what effect is organic moiety can not be.Owing to added organic substance, the expense that the expense of organic substance and processing thereof increase all can append on the unit nutrient price of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, makes the unit nutrient price of this fertilizer be higher than general composite fertilizer.
The organic waste that spreads all over the various places, town and country is a kind of renewable resources of specific form, has huge potentiality to be exploited on agricultural.They are effectively handled and are utilized,, prevented the pollution of the environment, realized that ecological economy benign cycle is significant saving natural resources.The mode of utilizing of making vegetable fertilizer at present has (1) direct returning to farmland: as the straw direct returning to farmland, use muck etc., simple to operate, saving of labor is saved trouble.The Shandong Province has promoted area 3,000,000 hm that return crop stocks to the field at present
2, preliminary experiment shows, also field soil porosity increase by 2.1%～4.1% after 2～3 years continuously, and the organic 0.5～1.7g/kg that increases, available potassium increases by 15.0～18.7mg/kg, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus also all increase, and 534kg/hm every year produces more food
2(2) fermentation field also: as various compost (aerobic), making compost (amphimicrobian), biogas manure (anaerobism) etc., all is to utilize microorganism to carry out biochemical reaction, organic waste is changed into the efficient organic fertilizer of similar soil ulmin.Wherein, compost is widely adopted owing to simple and easy to do with making compost, and not only the nutritive element loss is few by anaerobically fermenting production natural pond fertilizer, and the recyclable energy, but comparatively complicated, so promote limited.(3) produce mixed organic manure: industrial wastes such as feces of livestock and poultry, organic waste the like waste or alditol slag are handled (as high temperature, high pressure etc.) through series of process, be processed into no germ, nontoxic, odorless, and be convenient to the mixed organic fertilizer that transports and store, make it both contain organic composition, contain inorganic components again, both can realize the potassium balance of nitrogen phosphorus, can realize organic and inorganic balance again, have big superiority.
1985～1989 years, Wuxi City at first built up the compost factory that a day handles the 100t municipal wastes at home, and rubbish becomes good, the no stink of rotten degree, free of contamination high-quality organic fertilizer through the 20d fermentative processing.Use this fertilizer, can make wheat increase yield 20%, nearly 1 times of rape yield increasing.
Since Germanization scholar Li Bixi in 1840 after (J.V.Leibig) propose mineral nutrition of plant theory, through over half a century, chemical fertilizer has developed into fairly perfect technological system and industrial system, becomes the great power that promotes the world agriculture production development.Estimate according to Food and Argriculture OrganizationFAO (FAO), use chemical fertilizer and can improve food crop per unit area yield 55%～57%, improve gross output 30%～31%.The crop breeding scholar that the U.S. is famous, Nobel laureate Norman E.Borlaug the whole nation analyze influence the various factors of agriculture production this century after, half that think that whole world crop yield increases has benefited from using of chemical fertilizer.China chemical fertilizer netting index is according to showing, at average 667 square metres when using 10 kilograms of left and right sides of chemical fertilizer for many years, can improve per unit area yield 40%～60%, improves gross output about 35%.Therefore, can think in a sense that fertilizer issues is exactly a food problem.Solve the food problem of China, at first should solve the problem that exists in fertiliser production and the application.
Although chemical fertilizer plays the important and pivotal role in the increases in grain production of promotion China, compare with developed country and exist sizable gap.During 1984 to 1994 10 years, China's chemical fertilizer usage quantity increases nearly 1 times, yet grain yield has only increased by 9.1%.The low-quality of fertilizer product and use unreasonable made China's water body be subjected in various degree pollution.Data shows: existing more than 60 severe contaminations that comprised eutrophication in more than 130 large-size lake of China, wherein the pollution of Dian Chi, Yunnan is the most serious, and nitrate content has more than half exceeding standard in capital, Tianjin, Tang's 69 small towns underground water in area, the tap water.
Studies show that for a long time that according to public fertile net in the whole nation and Nanjing soil China's nitrogenous fertilizer this season utilization ratio only is 30%～35%, far below world's level of developed countries.It is generally acknowledged that the chemical fertilizer quality of developed country is better, the nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio of using is comparatively suitable, and the sharp fertile rate of this season of nitrogenous fertilizer is higher than 10～15 percentage points in China.1952～1996 years, the fertile grain of China dropped to 2.4 by 16.1 than (the grain amount that unit fertilizer increases).Nitrogen loss rate in farmland is 30%～50%, and annual about 9,000,000 t of approach loss nitrogen such as leaching, volatilization that pass through are worth about 40,000,000,000 yuan, and cause serious environmental to pollute.Its reason is mainly, and China's chemical fertilizers production kind is single, and based on the instant chemical fertilizer of lower concentration simple substance, bicarbonate of ammonia still accounts for about 48% in the nitrogenous fertilizer, and high concentration urea accounts for about 43%, and effect compound fertilizer preferably only accounts for about 10% of chemical fertilizer ultimate production.And the nutrient releasing speed of these fertilizer can not artificially control, and release rate is too fast, and crop has little time to absorb, and loss is serious.Long-term a large amount of scientific research shows that utilization rate of fertilizer is low, and particularly the major reason that nitrogen can not make full use of for crop in the nitrogenous fertilizer is that existing chemical fertilizer dissolving is too fast, has accelerated the decomposition of soil microorganisms to fertilizer thus.It is fixing etc. also to have accelerated conversion, volatilization, leaching loss and the physical chemistry of nutrient.Therefore, slow down, control the dissolving and the release rate of fertilizer, become and improved crop one of effective way of fertilizer utilization efficiency.
Since nineteen twenty-four, urea-formaldehyde fertilizer was obtained patent, over 75 years, slow release fertilizer has rapid progress, develops into controllable release fertilizer (Con-trolledavailability fertilizers CAFS) in recent years again, and some practical application in agriculture production.Particularly after the seventies, carried out big quantity research abroad, the release fertilizer of selling with commerical prod on the market has reached tens of kinds now.Release fertilizer makes 1. to synthesize to delay with 4 kinds of main paties usually and is dissolved with machine nitrogenous fertilizer, as urea formaldehyde (UF), IBDU (IBDU) etc.; 2. synthetic slow molten inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer is as magnesium ammonium phosphate (NH
4MgPO
4) etc.; 3. coating (wrapping up in) release fertilizer is as sulfur coated urea, coating urea, Nutricote CAFS, Luxuriance (happy dawn is executed); 4. produce the slow release fertilizer of inhibitor improvement, as long-term efficiency bicarbonate ammonium (adding the DCD of improvement), long-acting carbamide (adding HQ) etc.The company of the production release fertilizer that the world today is more famous and product have Japan " NutriLote-" CAFS, " Meister " CAFS, but controlled release nitrogen 100～360 days, controlled release amount 80%, nitrogen utilization efficiency reaches 60%～70%, have specified temp-release rate Changing Pattern, its nitrogen discharges and is not subjected to complex environment factor affecting such as soil type, water ratio, PH, microorganism.On various crop, test and show, a bottom application, on average the amount of increase in production of using for 4 times than urea is also high.This type of fertilizer all has production in the U.S., Holland and method state, as Osmocote, Pla-cote etc.The fertilizer new and high technology that this agronomy combines with technology because it has accomplished may command fertilizer nutrient release rate preferably, is described as the revolution of fertilizer industry, and be known as " fertilizer of 21 century ".At present, existing 39 families of the U.S., Japan, West Europe slow release fertilizer factory, annual production 500000 t are equivalent to about 1% of fertilizer amount, but just with 3%～5% speed increase.In sum, consider the cross-centennial agricultural sustainable development of China and 21 century 1,600,000,000 people's grain securities demand, consider the challenge of 21 century globalization kownledge economy simultaneously, particularly after the China joined WTO (century trade organization), external agricultural-food are to the striking energy of China market " two-supremes two is excellent " agricultural (high yield of making greater efforts to promote, efficiently, high-quality, composition optimizes) development, strengthen China's agricultural science and technology deposit, improve the agricultural science and technology innovation level, promote the slowly-releasing of agricultural science and technology industrialization, control release composite fertilizer technology and accurate fertilizer practice, carry out secular decision-orientated study and development, the fertilizer innovation system of formation system, for the raising and the agricultural high-tech industrialization of China's agricultural science and technology level, constantly make basic, perspective, strategic major contribution is the main direction of studying and the task of 21 century China's fertilizer science.
The researchdevelopment of science and technology is arduous and long slowly, and progress of science and technology originates from practice to a great extent.In order to solve above-mentioned fertilizer issues, domestic existing people has done the invention of this respect.As Chinese patent application numbers 98112007, invention about " efficient biological compound fertilizer and production method thereof ", decompose mix bacterium agents such as genus bacillus mix bacterium agent, wax sporeformer with yeast and vinelandii, phosphorus bacteria, potassium bacterium, fiber and mix the back earlier with the organism nutrient 35-55 ℃ of fermentation 3-4 days, after covering with mycelia, dry again and mix, pulverize, granulate, pack with other each component.Chinese patent application numbers 96104782, invention " a kind of microbial organic/inorganic compound fertilizer manufacture method ", utilize nature and agriculture and industry waste to be raw material, make it part and be degraded into carbon source and nitrogenous source, utilize above-mentioned carbon, nitrogenous source, breeding yeast or useful fungi make it to become the organic nitrogen nutrition in the compound manure; Utilize above-mentioned carbon, nitrogenous source breeding black-koji mould, the constraint phosphorus with part crystal lattice state in the activating phosphorite powder becomes rapid available phosphorus, makes it to become the plain nutrition of phosphorus in the compound manure; Utilize above-mentioned carbon source and gaseous nitrogen or organonitrogen breeding silicate bacteria, make it to activate mineral substance such as the potassium felspar sand, the alunite pulvis that contain lattice attitude potassium oxide, making it part becomes available potassium, forms microbial organic/inorganic compound fertilizer.Chinese patent application number 01128588.5, about " a kind of efficient organic ecological fertilizer and preparation method thereof ", invention relates to a kind of efficient organic ecological fertilizer, it adopts the microorganism straw fast decomposing agent, utilize the During High-Temperature Composting principle, with the quick stacking rot turn into fertilizer of various organic wastes, add various beneficial microorganism bacterium and inorganic nutrients according to crop alimentary equilibrium principle and minimum nutrient law again, science is mixed with various series of high efficiency ecological organic fertilizers.Chinese patent application number 00115374.9, about " organic base fertilizer and manufacture method thereof ", this invention is pig, the ox feces of livestock and poultry that livestock and poultry farm is discharged, by reasonable science compatibility, add fermented bacteriums such as an amount of crop straw and subtilis, through fermentation reactor system, pulverizing, packing become vegetable growing, landscape flower lawn support plant, the very high organic base fertilizer of fertilizer efficiency such as seedling cultivation of rice.
The fertilizer consumption is big, and inconvenience is used, and above-mentioned " microbial organic/inorganic compound fertilizer " can not bring tangible growth to output again, so there is the people to expect solving above-mentioned fertilizer issues with the lower microbial fertilizer of price.As Chinese patent application number 00113517.1, announced " microbial fertilizer " with nitrogen-fixating and P and K decomposing functions; Chinese patent application number 02153347.4 has been announced " biological impact fertilizing and mode of production "; Chinese patent application number 01110311.6 is about the invention of " silicate bacteria and contain the fertilizer of silicate bacteria "; Chinese patent application numbers 99114260.8 is about " bacillus subtilis microbial agent, method for making and using method thereof "; Chinese patent application numbers 93118068.6, about " a kind of production method of biological soil amendment ", inventing described is a kind of method of utilizing the microorganisms producing soil-conditioning material, it is cultivated bacterial classifications such as geotrichum candidum, huge bud pole bacterium respectively in substratum separately, fermentation is stirred with the carrier crop straw in bacterium liquid dilution back.
Can microorganism fertilizer survive in soil, crucial at moisture.Invention aspect water conservation has: Chinese patent application numbers 98124740, invention " a kind of method that improves microecological adaptivity of microorganic fertilizer ", this method is with a kind of " supper-fast super absorbent resin ", be commonly called as water-holding agent, add in the microbial fertilizer particle, utilize its high rate of expansion to make microbe granular fertilizer loose dissolving of expansion rapidly after fertilising, bring into play fertility rapidly; Utilize its high water absorbing capacity to keep the subenvironment humidity of microorganism in the fertilizer, make microorganism keep active, reach the purpose that strengthens fertilizer efficiency by the method that improves the soil micro-ecosystem suitability degree.
In the arid area, the problem of water and fertilizer issues are severe equally, have in water conservation, the invention protected aspect fertile: Chinese patent application number 00106098, invention about " plant soil modifier ", provide a kind of to plant suction, guarantor's fertilizer, can urge its growing plants soil improvement agent, its prescription is made up of polyacrylamide resin, silicate magnesium powder, urea and carrier weighting material.Chinese patent application numbers 98101910 about the invention of " soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping agent ", discloses a kind of soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping agent.It is to do water-reataining fertilizer-keeping agent with wilkinite, zeolite etc.Chinese patent application number 00128201, about the invention of " moisture-preservation growth-promoting agent for plant ", relate to plant a kind of suction, protect fertile, promote growth, the goods of improving the soil.Its composition weight % mainly contains silicate magnesium powder 1-1.5, polyacrylic resin 2-4.5, urea 1, silica sand stone, sea sand 3-4.
On the problem that solves afforestation soil, fertilizer, water, Chinese patent application number 01141483.9, invention about " city trees and shrubs coverings " covers the exposed face of land with natural biologic material, and employed material is branch, straw etc., by rotting to provide certain fertility for soil naturally.Added slowly-releasing fertilizer, biological activity bacterial manure, trace element therein, evaporation suppressor and water-holding agent play the effect that reduces irrigation water by suppressing moisture evaporation.
Chinese patent application 02113264.X about " utilizing the method for plant straw to green rocky side slope ", is widely used in the slope protection greening of the stone matter side slope of railway, highway, riverbank, mine, hydroelectric project.Plant stalk powder is broken or cut off, make its length≤4cm, again with plant loam, chemical fertilizer and sterilizing agent and mix in proportion; With anchor pole and supporting plate grid is fixed on stone matter side slope surface, and makes grid and stone matter side slope surface keep spacing distance; At last, with high pressure spraying equipment with mixture add entry stir into slurry be ejected into domatic on, form the strong bank protection tectum of corrosion resistance.
Chinese patent application numbers 98109068.0, about the patent of invention of " production method of urea-formaldehyde compound fertilizer ", what relate to is to add the fertile chemical fertilizer with other of urea aldehyde to mix in production composite fertilizer process, carries out granulation by tablets press.Urea aldehyde fertilizer is that condensation under acidic conditions forms by urea and formaldehyde, the power of urea aldehyde fertilizer slow-release performance is the length that is decided by the condenses molecular chain, and it depends on that formaldehyde, the interactional many conditions of urea are as the mole molecular ratio of urea and formaldehyde, pH value, temperature and reaction times.Can prepare the special-purpose urea-formaldehyde compound fertilizer of different rates of release by different requirements in different plants each vegetative period according to this characteristic to nitrogen level in the soil.This fertilizer can be as " doing little by little without a break " slow release or sustained release nutrient.
Chinese patent application 00119688.X, about " new soil water keeping amendment " disclosure of the Invention it contain High hydrophilous resin and bear waste residue, comprise peat, sargassun, plant hormone, fertilizer (comprising rapid absorption type fertilizer and/or slow release fertilizer), trace element etc.
In China, along with the continuous increase of fertilizer amount, devote exclusive attention to output and lay equal stress on both quality and quantity, and the requirement of eco-friendly multiple target to be down at agricultural-food, the modification problem of fertilizer just seems even more important.Exploitation slowly-releasing, release and release control fertilizer improve utilization rate of fertilizer, reduce environmental pollution, are simple measures, are particularly suitable for the national conditions of China.China's chemical fertilizer utilization ratio is lower than one of reason of developed country, is difficult to prove effective in China in the series that developed country the taked technology that applies fertilizers scientifically exactly.China peasant's level of education is low, and peasant household's land area is small and scattered, the planting system complexity, and mechanization degree is low, and the farmingization service system is difficult to set up and put in place, and rational application of fertilizers and other technical measures are difficult to the service that the peasant provides convenience.In addition, in the developed area, be unwilling the time and efforts that in agronomy operation such as topdress, costs a lot of money of peasant.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: provide that a kind of to collect rational application of fertilizers, release technology, microorganism fertilizer, soil conditioner be the materialization fertilizer product of one, a kind of ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive (slow-release fertilizer additive).
The present invention addresses the above problem the technical scheme that is adopted: the prescription of this additive comprises complex microorganism-organic carrier, inorganic carrier, urea condensate (urea condensate), main nutrient (macro-nutrient; Primary nutrient), micro-nutrient (micro-nutrient; Trace element), soil conditioner (inorganic soil conditioner); Its composition weight is made up of complex microorganism-organic carrier 2%-50%, inorganic carrier 1%-30%, urea condensate 1%-50%, main nutrient 1%-60%, micro-nutrient 1%-10%, soil conditioner 1%-50%.
Composite microbial bacteria of the present invention waits two or more to form by geotrichum candidum, cereuisiae fermentum, subtilis, bacillus agri (B.edaphicus), colloid bacillus cereus (Bacillus mucilaginosus siliceus), bacillus megaterium (B.megatherium), cured sample bacillus (B.cereus).
That organic carrier of the present invention is that alcohol is done is poor, beer is done one or both compositions in the poor pool of brewageing such as poor.
Inorganic carrier of the present invention is calcium-base bentonite (Bentonite), two kinds of zeolite powders or a kind of composition of its kind.
Urea condensate of the present invention is urine formaldehyde (code name UF, by urea and formaldehyde by being condensed into chain compound at 2: 1, nitrogenous 38%-40%), the butylene fork (has another name called butenylidene diurea, butylene is pitched two ureas, urine acetaldehyde, code name CDU, form by condensation in 2: 1 by urea and butylene fork aldehyde, contain N30%-32%), iso-butylene fork two urine (have another name called isobutyl and pitch two urine, isobutylidene two urine, inferior dibutyl allophanamide, the urine isobutyric aldehyde, code name IBDU, get through catalyzed reaction by urea and isobutyric aldehyde, contain N32%, fertilizer efficiency doubles than urea formaldehyde, sustainable 3-5) etc. one or more compositions of slow nitrogenous fertilizer.
Main nutrient of the present invention is made up of urea, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, calcium superphosphate, vitriolate of tartar, Repone K, composite fertilizer (15-15-15).
Micro-nutrient of the present invention is by zinc sulfate (ZnSO
4.7H
2O), manganous sulfate (MnSO
4.7H
2O), ferrous sulfate (FeSO
4.7H
2O), copper sulfate (CuSO
4.5H
2O), ammonium molybdate (NH
4)
6Mo
7O
24.4H
2O and borax (Na
2B
4O
7.-10H
2Compound one or more compositions wherein such as O).
Its component of soil conditioner of the present invention contains acid neutralizing agent, binding agent, water-holding agent; Acid neutralizing agent is unslaked lime (CaO), binding agent is wherein one or more compositions of viscose fiber, carboxymethyl cellulose or Xylo-Mucine, and water-holding agent is wherein one or more compositions of High hydrophilous resins such as polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate, starch grafted acrylate.
The preparation technology of a kind of ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive of the present invention is simple: good by above-mentioned weight ratio weighing, complex micro organism fungicide (is provided by manufacturers such as the green precious ferment biological in Zhejiang Engineering Co., Ltd, cultivate respectively, be mixed and made into dry powder) add organic carrier, be mixed into complex microorganism-organic carrier, add inorganic carrier, all the other components mixing again, pulverize, cross the 2mm sieve, metering, packing forms.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages and effect:
(1) with the season for timeliness unit provides nutrient, in mixing process, allocate the organic and inorganic nutrient element of different ratios and quantity into, and based on organic slow-release nutrition, adapt to the needs of different varieties and different soils;
(2) based on the active bacterium of multiple functional biological, promote microorganism active with high-quality organic carrier, water-holding agent;
(3) improve the soil, protection underground water is avoided polluting, and promotes the growth of root system;
(4) have volume increase, disease-resistant dual function, the quality of crop is improved in the generation that alleviates crop pest.
The present invention relates to this ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive and contain fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, the multiple bacterial strain of potassium decomposing, adopt modern fermentation engineering and natural organic carrier to be optimized cultivation, product adopts cryodrying to handle, add super-strong moisture absorbing resin, adopt synthetic organic slowrelease nitrogen fertilizer, reduce the quick-acting chemical fertilizer ratios of high density, ensure probiotics survival rate height.Physiological property according to different plants is carried out proportioning, can solve because of degradation problem under soil compaction that the life-time service chemical fertilizer is caused, environmental pollution, the crop quality.
The present invention is manured into soil as mixed fertilizer and mixes with crop stalk, can improve the fertilizer efficiency of returning crop stocks to the field, quicken organic decomposition and inversion in the soil, available nutrient content is obviously increased, promote growth and development of plants, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, applied once, just can satisfy the crop needs in all one's life, can alleviate peasant's labour intensity greatly.
The present invention mixes composting as mixed fertilizer additive (compound fertilizer additive) with crop straw, chaff shell, wood chip etc., make multi-functional refined organic fertilizer, or be mixed into acitve organic matter with these organism in small, broken bits, can slowly provide full nutrition to plant enduringly, have quick-acting and slow, the persistent advantage of farm manure fertilizer efficiency of chemical fertilizer, overcome chemical fertilizer " burning seedling " and the not high shortcoming of farm manure nutritive element concentration easily.Fertilizer efficiency period can artificially be adjusted.Be fit to the cultivation of flowers, vegetables, fruit tree, cash crop.Generally make increasing crop yield more than 20 percent, quality improves, and the ripening stage in advance.
Administer at lawn, mine entironment, too fast at common chemical fertilizer dissolving, the time length is short, and shortcomings such as easy leaching loss are added long-acting slow-release nitrogen fertilizers such as urine formaldehyde, IBDU, and fertilizer efficiency period can prolong more than six months, reached 3～5 years most.
The invention of this ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive will once be changed the fertilizer industry, and fertilizer standard, fertilizer industry management have also been proposed new problem.Liken present various fertilizer to raw materials for production, the present invention then is a kind of sci-tech product of containing modern agricultural technology, a kind of " fool " fertilizer, the peasant takes cuttings such as grain and fruit away from the soil, only need to add this ecological organic slow released fertilizer to the organism such as straw that stay, replenish the nutritive element take away, by organism nutrition such as microbial transformation straws, following season crop again can duplication of production.
Certainly, present this fertilizer uses in national big area, also has the restriction of aspects such as many technology and price; But administer application at lawn, mine entironment, can reach the vegetation low-maintenance and exempt from maintenance.Long-acting synthetic organic slowrelease nitrogen fertilizer such as the relative higher urea formaldehyde with price of organism in small, broken bits such as crop straw powder, chaff shell, wood chip, IBDU mixes use cheaply, like product has very big competitive edge outside the comparator on price, will obtain wide model and use.Promotion rational application of fertilizers, release fertilizer technology product also there is realistic meaning.
Embodiment
The present invention is by complex microorganism-organic carrier, inorganic carrier, urea condensate (urea condensate), main nutrient (macro-nutrient; Primary nutrient), micro-nutrient (micro-nutri-ent; Trace element), soil conditioner (inorganic soil conditioner) forms, their concrete ratio is as follows:
1, complex microorganism-organic carrier: the 2%-50% that accounts for formulation weight; Wherein composite microbial bacteria waits two or more to form by geotrichum candidum, cereuisiae fermentum, subtilis, bacillus agri (B.edaphicus), colloid bacillus cereus (Bacillus mucilaginosus siliceus), bacillus megaterium (B.megatherium), cured sample bacillus (B.cereus), produce the 1%-2% that accounts for formulation weight with microbial inoculum inoculum size (dry powder), effectively total viable count 〉=200,000,000/gram; Organic carrier is done poor, beer by alcohol and is done and poor etc. brewage in the poor pool that one or both are formed, and accounts for the 1%-48% of formulation weight.
2, inorganic carrier: the 1%-30% that accounts for formulation weight; By calcium-base bentonite (Bentonite), two kinds of zeolite powders or its kind is a kind of forms.
3, urea condensate: the 1%-50% that accounts for formulation weight; One or more are formed by slow nitrogenous fertilizer such as urine formaldehyde, butylene fork, iso-butylene fork two urine.
4, main nutrient: the 1%-60% that accounts for formulation weight; Prepare according to the design requirements of nitrogen phosphorus potassium by urea, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, calcium superphosphate, vitriolate of tartar, Repone K, composite fertilizer (15-15-15).
5, micro-nutrient: the 1%-10% that accounts for formulation weight; Prepare according to soil and the design of crop needs by compounds such as zinc sulfate, manganous sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate and boraxs.
6, soil conditioner: the 1%-50% that accounts for formulation weight; Contain acid neutralizing agent, binding agent, water-holding agent, according to soil and crop needs design preparation; Acid neutralizing agent is unslaked lime (CaO), binding agent is wherein one or more compositions of viscose fiber, carboxymethyl cellulose or Xylo-Mucine, and water-holding agent is wherein one or more compositions of High hydrophilous resins such as polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate, starch grafted acrylate.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of this routine ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive: good by embodiment 1 weight ratio weighing in " ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive formulations table ", complex micro organism fungicide (is provided by manufacturers such as the green precious ferment biological in Zhejiang Engineering Co., Ltd, cultivate respectively, be mixed and made into dry powder) add organic carrier, be mixed into complex microorganism-organic carrier, add inorganic carrier and all the other components again and mix, pulverize, cross the 2mm sieve, metering, packing forms.
These routine ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive characteristics: contain the rotten active complex microorganism of straw speed, do poor with alcohol and be nutrition carrier, regulate its environment (humidity) suitability degree with water-holding agent, there is sufficient nitrogenous source to guarantee, therefore, can quicken the organism decomposition and inversion, improve the fertilizer efficiency of returning crop stocks to the field.Be used to return crop stocks to the field per hectare suggestion consumption 45-90Kg.Also can be used as the additive of vegetables, soilless culture of flowers and greening seedling cultivation matrix, roof greening, mine and highway geotechnical slope greening base material, organism suggestion 30Kg per ton.
Problems such as by the consumption that this routine ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive is recommended, life-time service can promote plant growth, and solution soil compaction, the accumulation of salt in the surface soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, nutrients ratio are lacked of proper care, utilization rate of fertilizer is low.
Embodiment 2
The preparation of this routine ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive: good by embodiment 2 weight ratio weighings in " ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive formulations table ", complex micro organism fungicide (is provided by manufacturers such as the green precious ferment biological in Zhejiang Engineering Co., Ltd, cultivate respectively, be mixed and made into dry powder) add organic carrier, be mixed into complex microorganism-organic carrier, add inorganic carrier and all the other components again and mix, pulverize, cross the 2mm sieve, metering, packing forms.
These routine ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive characteristics: contain multiple bio-active bacteria (fungi), High hydrophilous resin and alcohol and do poor, slow-release fertilizer, trace element, soil conditioner zeolite powder and an agent carboxymethyl Mierocrystalline cellulose etc., wide model is applicable to improve the soil in low yield farmland, grassland, forest land, desert, saltings etc. and fosters and apply fertilizer per hectare suggestion 45-90Kg.
By the consumption that this routine ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive is recommended, the farm crop fertilizer efficiency phase extended to 90-120 days by 35-50 days, can save fertile 15%-20%, and volume increase is more than 10%, and soil fertility was obviously recovered in 1 year, unit weight decline 0.05-0.1 gram/cm
3
Embodiment 3
The preparation of this routine ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive: good by embodiment 3 weight ratio weighings in " ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive formulations table ", complex micro organism fungicide (is provided by manufacturers such as the green precious ferment biological in Zhejiang Engineering Co., Ltd, cultivate respectively, be mixed and made into dry powder) add organic carrier, be mixed into complex microorganism-organic carrier, add inorganic carrier and all the other components again and mix, pulverize, cross the 2mm sieve, metering, packing forms.
These routine ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive characteristics: contain multiple biological activity microorganism, High hydrophilous resin and beer slag, slow-release fertilizer, trace element, soil conditioner zeolite powder, it is ideal composite fertilizer additive, be applicable to refined organic fertilizer production, 20Kg is added in suggestion per ton; Special-purpose fertile as extraordinary cash crop, per hectare suggestion 45-90Kg.
Press the refined organic fertilizer of the consumption production of this routine ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive recommendation, nitrogen use efficiency improves 8%-12%, fertilizer efficiency period extended to 110-150 days by 40-60 days, becoming nitrogenous fertilizer repeatedly uses to base once and executes, save labor, crop on average increases production 10%, input-output ratio 1: 8-11, with under the equal yield line, can save fertile 20%.
Embodiment 4
The preparation of this routine ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive: good by embodiment 4 weight ratio weighings in " ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive formulations table ", complex micro organism fungicide (is provided by manufacturers such as the green precious ferment biological in Zhejiang Engineering Co., Ltd, cultivate respectively, be mixed and made into dry powder) add organic carrier, be mixed into complex microorganism-organic carrier, add inorganic carrier and all the other components again and mix, pulverize, cross the 2mm sieve, metering, packing forms.
These routine ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive characteristics: contain multiple yeast, cellulose-decomposing bacterias such as subtilis, and bacillus agri, colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus megaterium, wax sporeformer etc. has fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, the silicate bacteria of the multiple function of potassium decomposing, it is a kind of acitve organic matter additive, wherein remove and be furnished with conventional available nutrient, trace element, also according to the lawn, mine entironment is administered and is used common chemical fertilizer, dissolve too fast, time length is short, shortcomings such as easy leaching loss, add urine formaldehyde, long-acting slow-release nitrogen fertilizer such as IBDU, fertilizer efficiency period can prolong more than six months, reached 3～5 years most.Be applicable to preparation vegetables, soilless culture of flowers and dedicated substrates such as greening seedling cultivation matrix, roof greening, mine and the greening of highway geotechnical slope, 30Kg is added in organism suggestion per ton.
Prepare dedicated substrates such as mine and the greening of highway geotechnical slope by the consumption that this routine ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive is recommended, use water-holding agent, soil conditioner etc. and regulate the micro-ecological environment of microorganism in matrix, the fertilizer, make microorganism keep active, reach the purpose that strengthens fertilizer efficiency, utilization rate of fertilizer improves 30%-50%.Can make vegetation adapt to disadvantageous " water, soil, fertilizer, gas, heat " factor, thereby reduce the maintenance cost, promote colony's succession, recover natural landscape.
Subordinate list: ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive formulations table
Ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive formulations table
Claims (8)
1, a kind of ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive (slow-release fertilizer additive) is characterized in that: by complex microorganism-organic carrier, inorganic carrier, urea condensate (urea conden-sate), main nutrient (macro-nutrient; Primary nutrient), micro-nutrient (micro-nutrient; Trace element), soil conditioner (inorganic soil conditioner) forms, and as following weight percent: complex microorganism-organic carrier 2%-50%, inorganic carrier 1-30%, urea condensate 1%-50%, mainly support 1%-60%, micro-nutrient 1%-10%, soil conditioner 1%-50%.
2, according to claim 1 described a kind of ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive, it is characterized in that: described complex microorganism is made up of geotrichum candidum, cereuisiae fermentum, subtilis, bacillus agri (B.edaphicus), colloid bacillus cereus (Bacillus mucilaginosus siliceus), bacillus megaterium (B.mega-therium), cured sample bacillus (B.cereus) etc.
3, according to claim 1 described a kind of ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive, it is characterized in that: that described organic carrier is that alcohol is done is poor, beer is done and poor etc. brewageed poor pool and form.
4, according to claim 1 described a kind of ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive, it is characterized in that: described inorganic carrier is that calcium-base bentonite (Bentonite), zeolite powder are formed.
5, according to claim 1 described a kind of ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive, it is characterized in that: described urea condensate is formed for slow nitrogenous fertilizer such as urine formaldehyde, butylene fork, iso-butylene fork two urine.
6, according to claim 1 described a kind of ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive, it is characterized in that: described main nutrient is made up of urea, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, calcium superphosphate, vitriolate of tartar, Repone K, composite fertilizer.
7, according to claim 1 described a kind of ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive, it is characterized in that: described micro-nutrient is made up of compounds such as zinc sulfate, manganous sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate and boraxs.
8, according to claim 1 described a kind of ecological organic slow released fertilizer additive, it is characterized in that: its component of described soil conditioner comprises acid neutralizing agent, binding agent, water-holding agent; Acid neutralizing agent is unslaked lime (CaO), and binding agent is viscose fiber, carboxymethyl cellulose or Xylo-Mucine, and water-holding agent is High hydrophilous resins such as polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate, starch grafted acrylate.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNA031440231A CN1569758A (en) | 2003-07-26 | 2003-07-26 | Organic slow-release fertilizer additive |
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| CNA031440231A CN1569758A (en) | 2003-07-26 | 2003-07-26 | Organic slow-release fertilizer additive |
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| CN1569758A true CN1569758A (en) | 2005-01-26 |
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