Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a laser drilling method for a packaging substrate and the packaging substrate, which can avoid quality problems caused by instant overheating of a dielectric layer of the packaging substrate and can improve the laser drilling processing efficiency.
The embodiment of the application provides a laser drilling method for a packaging substrate, wherein the packaging substrate comprises a first copper layer, a dielectric layer and a second copper layer which are sequentially stacked, and the method comprises the following steps:
Performing a first drilling operation with a first laser energy to ablate an annular region from the first copper layer;
performing a second drilling operation by using second laser energy, removing the copper cover and part of the dielectric layer in the middle of the annular region, and forming a blind hole, wherein the second laser energy is smaller than the first laser energy;
And performing a third drilling operation by using third laser energy, and removing the dielectric layer at the bottom of the blind hole until the second copper layer is exposed at the bottom of the blind hole, wherein the third laser energy is smaller than the second laser energy.
In some embodiments, the second copper layer is formed with a bonding pad, and before the second drilling operation with the second laser energy, further comprising:
determining the type of a bonding pad at the bottom of a blind hole to be processed;
And determining the corresponding second laser energy and third laser energy according to the type of the bonding pad.
In some embodiments, the pad types include individual pads, non-individual pads, pad combinations, large copper pads;
The periphery of the independent bonding pad is provided with a closed etching area, and the etching areas are connected in a wireless way;
the non-independent bonding pad is connected with a circuit extending outwards;
The bonding pad combination comprises a plurality of bonding pads which are connected in sequence;
The copper surface area of the large copper surface bonding pad is larger than k times of the blind hole area, wherein k is larger than or equal to 30.
In some embodiments, the second laser energy corresponding to the individual pads is less than the second laser energy corresponding to the non-individual pads, the second laser energy corresponding to the non-individual pads is less than the second laser energy corresponding to the pad combinations, and the second laser energy corresponding to the pad combinations is less than the second laser energy corresponding to the large copper pads.
In some embodiments, the third laser energy corresponding to the independent pad is less than the third laser energy corresponding to the dependent pad, the third laser energy corresponding to the dependent pad is less than the third laser energy corresponding to the pad combination, and the third laser energy corresponding to the pad combination is less than the third laser energy corresponding to the large copper pad.
In some embodiments, the laser scanning speed of the first drilling operation is less than the laser scanning speed of the second drilling operation, which is less than the laser scanning speed of the third drilling operation.
In some embodiments, the number of laser ring cuts for the first drilling operation is less than or equal to the number of laser ring cuts for the second drilling operation, which is less than the number of laser ring cuts for the third drilling operation.
In some embodiments, the laser frequency of the first drilling operation, the laser frequency of the second drilling operation, and the laser frequency of the third drilling operation are all the same.
In some embodiments, the dielectric layer is made of a liquid crystal polymer resin.
The embodiment of the application also provides a packaging substrate, which comprises a first copper layer, a dielectric layer and a second copper layer which are sequentially stacked, wherein a blind hole is formed in the packaging substrate, an opening of the blind hole is positioned in the first copper layer, the bottom of the blind hole is exposed out of the second copper layer, and the blind hole is formed by the method of any one of the above steps.
In the laser drilling method of the packaging substrate, the high temperature generated by the first drilling operation can be conducted and emitted by the first copper layer quickly, so that the laser pulse with higher energy can be adopted by the first drilling operation to improve the laser drilling processing efficiency, and the high temperature generated by the second drilling and the third drilling is conducted and emitted by the second copper layer at the bottom of the blind hole. Therefore, the laser drilling method for the packaging substrate can improve the laser drilling processing efficiency on the premise of meeting the quality requirement of laser drilling.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the application.
The embodiment of the application provides a packaging substrate. In some embodiments, the package substrate may be a flexible package substrate. Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a package substrate 100 according to an embodiment of the application.
The package substrate 100 includes a first copper layer 10, a dielectric layer 20, and a second copper layer 30 stacked in this order. The dielectric layer 20 is made of resin. In some embodiments, the material of the dielectric layer 20 is a liquid crystal polymer (Liquid Crystal Polymer, LCP) resin. In practical application, LCP resins have poor thermal conductivity, are locally easy to overheat, and have a low melting point (less than 280 ℃) so as to be easy to melt into liquid flow.
The second copper layer 30 is formed with a plurality of pads 31, and the pads 31 may be plural. In some embodiments, the first copper layer 10 may not form a circuit pattern, and the second copper layer 30 forms a circuit pattern, which may include the above-described pads 31.
The package substrate 100 is formed with a plurality of blind holes 40, and the blind holes 40 may be plural. The opening of the blind via 40 is located in the first copper layer 10, and the bottom of the blind via 40 exposes the second copper layer 30. In practical application, the position of the blind hole 40 may be opposite to the bonding pad 31, the blind hole 40 may be subjected to metallization treatment such as copper deposition electroplating, so that the blind hole 40 forms a metallization hole, and electrical connection between the bonding pad 31 and other layers or electronic elements is achieved through the blind hole 40.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a second structure of a package substrate 100 according to an embodiment of the application.
The first copper layer 10, the dielectric layer 20, and the second copper layer 30 may be sequentially stacked on both sides of the package substrate 100. A core plate layer 50 is provided between the two second copper layers 30 of the inner layer. In some embodiments, the material of the core layer 50 may also be a Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP). Wherein blind holes 40 are formed on both sides of the package substrate 100.
The embodiment of the application also provides a laser drilling method for the package substrate, which is used for forming the blind holes 40 on the package substrate 100. Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a laser drilling method for a package substrate according to an embodiment of the application. The laser drilling method of the packaging substrate comprises the following steps:
210, performing a first drilling operation with a first laser energy to ablate an annular region from the first copper layer;
220, performing a second drilling operation by using second laser energy, removing the copper cover and part of the dielectric layer in the middle of the annular region, and forming a blind hole, wherein the second laser energy is smaller than the first laser energy;
230, performing a third drilling operation by using third laser energy, and removing the dielectric layer at the bottom of the blind hole until the second copper layer is exposed at the bottom of the blind hole, wherein the third laser energy is smaller than the second laser energy.
Referring to fig. 4 to 7 together, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a package substrate structure after a first drilling operation according to an embodiment of the present application, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an annular region formed by the first drilling operation according to an embodiment of the present application, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a package substrate structure after a second drilling operation according to an embodiment of the present application, and fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a package substrate structure after a third drilling operation according to an embodiment of the present application.
Wherein a first drilling operation is first performed with a first laser energy, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, ablating a ring-shaped region on the first copper layer 10. The first copper layer 10 forms a large copper face, the annular region may be referred to as a copper ring, with a copper cap in between, and the resin of the dielectric layer 20 beneath the copper cap. During the first drilling operation, the high temperature generated by the laser is conducted and emitted rapidly by the outer large copper surface (the first copper layer 10), so that the resin does not generate local high temperature inside to generate rheological.
And then, carrying out a second drilling operation by using second laser energy, and removing the copper cover and part of the dielectric layer in the middle of the annular region to form blind holes as shown in fig. 6. The second drilling operation can remove the copper cap and a portion of the resin below the copper cap, but the resin still exists at the bottom of the blind via, and the second drilling operation does not burn through the dielectric layer 20. During the second drilling operation, the high temperature generated by the absorption of laser light by the resin of the dielectric layer 20 is mainly conducted and dissipated by the copper layer at the bottom of the blind via (i.e., the second copper layer 30). Wherein the second laser energy is less than the first laser energy.
Then, a third drilling operation is performed with a third laser energy, as shown in fig. 7, to remove the dielectric layer 20 at the bottom of the blind via, i.e. to remove the residual resin at the bottom of the blind via until the bottom of the blind via is exposed from the second copper layer 30. Thus, the processing of the blind hole 40 is completed. During the third drilling operation, the high temperature generated by the absorption of laser light by the resin of the dielectric layer 20 is mainly conducted and dissipated by the copper layer at the bottom of the blind via (i.e., the second copper layer 30). Wherein the third laser energy is less than the second laser energy.
It will be appreciated that the high temperatures generated by the first drilling operation may be dissipated by the outer large copper surface (first copper layer 10) rapidly, so that the first drilling operation may employ higher energy laser pulses to increase the laser drilling efficiency. The high temperature generated by the second and third holes is mainly conducted and dissipated by the copper layer (i.e. the second copper layer 30) at the bottom of the blind hole, and the second copper layer 30 is located inside the package substrate 100, so that the heat dissipation performance of the second copper layer is lower than that of the first copper layer 10, and therefore, laser pulses with lower energy are required to be adopted, so that the resin of the dielectric layer 20 generates local high temperature to generate rheological deformation, and the quality problem caused by instant overheating of the dielectric layer 20 of the package substrate can be avoided.
Therefore, the laser drilling method for the packaging substrate can improve the laser drilling processing efficiency on the premise of meeting the quality requirement of laser drilling.
In some embodiments, the laser of the first laser drilling may be set to have a frequency of 250KHz, an energy of 8-12 uj, a scanning speed of 50-150 mm/s, and a number of ring cuts of 1-2 times. The laser of the second laser drilling can be set as the following parameters, wherein the frequency is 250KHz, the energy is 4-6 uj, the scanning speed is 100-200 mm/s, and the circular cutting times are 1-2. The laser of the third laser drilling can be set as parameters of 250KHz frequency, 2-4 uj energy, 150-250 mm/s scanning speed and 2-3 times of circular cutting. Therefore, it can be satisfied that the second laser energy is smaller than the first laser energy and the third laser energy is smaller than the second laser energy.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a second flowchart of a laser drilling method for a package substrate according to an embodiment of the application. Wherein, before the step 220 of performing the second drilling operation with the second laser energy, the method further comprises the following steps:
241, determining the type of a bonding pad at the bottom of the blind hole to be processed;
and 242, determining corresponding second laser energy and third laser energy according to the type of the bonding pad.
In practical application, the second copper layer 30 is formed with a plurality of pads 31. The plurality of pads 31 may have different pad types, which differ in pad structure and pad area. It can be understood that, during the second drilling operation and the third drilling operation, the high temperature generated by the resin of the dielectric layer 20 absorbing the laser is mainly conducted and emitted by the second copper layer 30 at the bottom of the blind hole 40, and the bottom of the blind hole 40 is opposite to the bonding pad 31, so that the high temperature generated by the resin is mainly conducted and emitted by the bonding pad 31 at the bottom of the blind hole 40, and the heat dissipation efficiency of the bonding pads of different types is different. For example, a pad having a larger area has a faster heat dissipation efficiency, and a pad having a smaller area has a slower heat dissipation efficiency.
Therefore, before the second drilling operation is performed, the type of the bonding pad at the bottom of the blind hole 40 to be processed can be determined, and the corresponding second laser energy and third laser energy can be determined according to the type of the bonding pad, so that the high temperature generated by the resin can be conducted out in time through the bonding pad 31 at the bottom of the blind hole when the second drilling operation is performed by the second laser energy and the third drilling operation is performed by the third laser energy, and the occurrence of rheological caused by local high temperature generated in the resin is avoided.
In some embodiments, the pad types include individual pads, non-individual pads, pad combinations, large copper pads. Referring to fig. 9 to 12, fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an independent pad of a package substrate according to an embodiment of the present application, fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a non-independent pad of a package substrate according to an embodiment of the present application, fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a pad combination of a package substrate according to an embodiment of the present application, and fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a large copper pad of a package substrate according to an embodiment of the present application.
As shown in fig. 9, the periphery of the independent bonding pad is a closed etching area, and the etching area is in wireless connection, i.e. no copper line is connected with the bonding pad around the independent bonding pad. The individual pads may be individual circular (or irregular) pads. The heat dissipation efficiency of the independent bonding pad is lowest, and the resin above the bonding pad is extremely easy to generate high-temperature melting during laser drilling, so that the quality of the blind hole is abnormal.
As shown in fig. 10, the non-independent bonding pad is connected with an outwardly extending line, i.e., the bonding pad is connected with a connecting wire (copper line) outwardly extending. The non-independent pads are non-independent circular (or irregular) pads. When laser drilling, the conducting wire connected with the non-independent bonding pad participates in conduction and heat dissipation, so that the heat dissipation efficiency is higher than that of the independent bonding pad, but the overall heat dissipation efficiency is still lower, and the resin above the bonding pad is easier to generate high-temperature melting during laser drilling to cause the abnormal quality of the blind hole.
As shown in fig. 11, the pad combination includes a plurality of pads connected in sequence. For example, the bonding pad combination may be formed by connecting and combining 2 to 4 bonding pads, and each bonding pad may be an independent round (or irregular) bonding pad. The periphery of the bonding pad combination is a closed etching area, and the etching areas are connected in a wireless way. The heat dissipation efficiency of the bonding pad combination is higher, and the resin above the bonding pad is less prone to high-temperature melting during laser drilling to cause abnormal quality of blind holes.
As shown in fig. 12, the copper area of the large copper surface bonding pad is larger, the bonding pad at the bottom of the blind hole is a large copper surface area, and the copper surface area is larger than k times of the blind hole area, wherein k is larger than or equal to 30. For example, in one example, k may be 30. The heat dissipation efficiency of the large copper surface bonding pad is higher, and the resin above the bonding pad is not easy to be melted at high temperature during laser drilling, so that the quality of the blind hole is abnormal.
In some embodiments, in order to avoid the occurrence of the abnormal quality of blind holes due to the occurrence of local high temperature in the resin during laser drilling, the second laser energy may be set such that the second laser energy corresponding to the independent bonding pad is smaller than the second laser energy corresponding to the dependent bonding pad, the second laser energy corresponding to the dependent bonding pad is smaller than the second laser energy corresponding to the bonding pad combination, and the second laser energy corresponding to the bonding pad combination is smaller than the second laser energy corresponding to the large copper bonding pad. That is, the higher the heat dissipation efficiency of the pad type, the greater the corresponding second laser energy.
In some embodiments, the third laser energy may be configured such that the third laser energy corresponding to an individual bond pad is less than the third laser energy corresponding to a non-individual bond pad, the third laser energy corresponding to a non-individual bond pad is less than the third laser energy corresponding to a bond pad combination, and the third laser energy corresponding to a bond pad combination is less than the third laser energy corresponding to a large copper bond pad. That is, the higher the heat dissipation efficiency of the pad type, the greater the corresponding third laser energy.
In some embodiments, the laser scanning speed of the first drilling operation is less than the laser scanning speed of the second drilling operation, which is less than the laser scanning speed of the third drilling operation. In one example, the laser scanning speed of the first drilling operation is 50-150 mm/s, e.g., 150mm/s, the laser scanning speed of the second drilling operation is 100-200 mm/s, e.g., 200mm/s, and the laser scanning speed of the third drilling operation is 150-250 mm/s, e.g., 250mm/s.
In some embodiments, the number of laser ring cuts for the first drilling operation is less than or equal to the number of laser ring cuts for the second drilling operation, which is less than the number of laser ring cuts for the third drilling operation. In one example, the first drilling operation has a laser ring cut of 1-2 times, such as 1 time, the second drilling operation has a laser ring cut of 1-2 times, such as 1 time, and the third drilling operation has a laser ring cut of 2-3 times, such as 2 times.
In some embodiments, the laser frequency of the first drilling operation, the laser frequency of the second drilling operation, and the laser frequency of the third drilling operation are all the same. For example, in one example, the frequencies may all be 250KHz.
In a specific application example, the respective laser parameters corresponding to the second drilling operation and the third drilling operation may be set according to the following table:
The copper cover and the residual resin in the blind holes are removed by the lasers with different laser parameters corresponding to the four bonding pad types, four different cutters are needed to be distinguished when the drilling belt is manufactured, a plurality of blind holes on the packaging substrate are processed according to the set lasers, and the laser processing efficiency can be improved on the premise of meeting the blind hole quality requirement.
It will be appreciated that in practical applications, a package substrate will typically include all four types of pads. The non-independent bonding pad can be subjected to laser processing by adopting higher laser energy and faster scanning speed compared with the independent bonding pad, the bonding pad combination can be subjected to laser processing by adopting higher laser energy and fewer ring cutting times compared with the non-independent bonding pad, and the large copper bonding pad can be subjected to laser processing by adopting higher laser energy and faster scanning speed compared with the bonding pad combination. Therefore, compared with the traditional method that laser processing is carried out on all bonding pads by adopting low laser energy and multiple times, the embodiment of the application adopts different laser parameters for bonding pads of different types, and the non-independent bonding pads, bonding pad combination and large copper bonding pads can improve the laser processing efficiency to a certain extent, so that the embodiment of the application can greatly improve the laser processing efficiency of the whole packaging substrate for a large number of bonding pads on the packaging substrate. According to experimental data comparison, compared with the traditional laser drilling method, the laser drilling method provided by the embodiment of the application has the advantage that the blind hole laser processing efficiency of the packaging substrate can be improved by 20% -30%.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that terms such as "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish between similar objects and should not be construed to indicate or imply relative importance or implying any particular order of magnitude of the technical features indicated.
The laser drilling method for the packaging substrate and the packaging substrate provided by the embodiment of the application are described in detail. Specific examples are set forth herein to illustrate the principles and embodiments of the present application and are provided to aid in the understanding of the present application. Meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have variations in the specific embodiments and application scope in light of the ideas of the present application, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present application.