CN120814506A - A fish sorting system for fish in water conservancy projects - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a fish placing and sorting system for fishes in hydraulic engineering, and relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering ecological protection facilities. The sorting system comprises a sorting box, a water pump, an air pump, a controller, a part of sorting and identifying fishways and a plurality of groups of temporary rearing ponds. According to the invention, the fish shoals are layered naturally according to the body types in a suspension state through the ascending water flow, the problems of damage to mucus layers and scale falling of fish body surfaces are avoided by entering corresponding channels through fish passing grooves with different sizes, the ascending water flow intensity can be dynamically adjusted in real time through the linkage control of the flow valve and monitoring data of the underwater cameras, the fish shoals sorting requirements of different densities and body types are met, the controller drives the air cylinders to adjust the vertical positions of the two component separation plates, so that the layer heights of the first, second and third channels are changed, collision damage of fish bodies caused by channel crowding is avoided, and the natural habitat environment of fish is simulated by integrating the oxygen concentration sensor, the oxygen supply pump and the low-intensity warm light illumination system, so that healthy individuals are provided for subsequent breeding interventions.

Description

Fish is with putting fish sorting system in hydraulic engineering

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering ecological protection facilities, in particular to a fish placing and sorting system for fishes in hydraulic engineering.

Background

With the rapid development of water conservancy projects in China, large-scale and ultra-large-scale water conservancy hubs are developed successively and have a certain number and scale, but the water conservancy hubs solve huge civil demands and bring huge economic benefits, and simultaneously have a certain adverse effect on natural environment. In terms of aquatic ecosystems, constructing a dam blocks the communication between the upstream and downstream of a river, so that living environments of fishes are broken, gene communication among populations is limited, and then rare and special fish genetic diversity is reduced, particularly for migratory fishes, the dam blocks migration channels, the fishes cannot smoothly complete the normal reproduction cycle of the populations through migration, and for many years, people hope to improve river connectivity by building fish facilities on the dam, so that the fishes can smoothly pass the dam. The fact proves that the fish passing facility such as the fish lift has important significance for maintaining connectivity of a river ecological system, protecting rare fish, improving yield of fish obtained by the river and maintaining inheritance and biological diversity of the river, meanwhile, the fish screening system is arranged in the fish lift to screen fishes in different types and in different spawning states, and particularly, adult fishes in spawning periods are pertinently subjected to different human intervention to help better spawning, survival conditions of the fishes after passing the dam are recorded, and the efficiency of the fish lift for maintaining the aquatic ecological system in a good state can be effectively improved.

The fish screening device for the fish lifting machine (Chinese patent publication No. CN 108244017B) comprises a separation tank, wherein a two-stage separation chamber is arranged at the head part of the separation tank, a fine mesh screen is arranged in the first-stage separation chamber, a coarse mesh screen is arranged in the second-stage separation chamber, a separation recognition device is arranged in the middle part of the separation tank, the tail part of the separation tank is connected with a group of temporary culture tanks through a group of communicating pipes, a communicating gate valve is arranged in the middle part of the communicating pipes, a fish catching mesh screen is arranged in the temporary culture tanks, a lowering pipe is arranged at the bottom part of the temporary culture tanks, and a lowering gate valve is arranged at the inlet of the lowering pipe. The utility model discloses a technical scale, its separation chamber utilizes the mesh screen to select separately the mode of adult fish fry mild, and is less to the injury of fish fry, selects separately recognition device to the screening of fish accurate, can provide the best living environment of different kinds of fish fries through raising the pond temporarily, and whole fish screening system is higher to the screening efficiency of fish fry, and the concrete application method of this disclosed technology is as follows: the head of the separation pond is provided with two stages of separation chambers, a fine screen and a coarse screen are respectively arranged in the two stages of separation chambers, the fish fries collected by a fish collecting box of the fish lift are placed in the separation chamber where the fine screen is positioned, the fine screen is lifted for the first time to screen off small-size fish fries, then the small-size fish fries are placed in the separation chamber where the coarse screen is positioned, the coarse screen is lifted for the second time to screen off, after medium-size fish fries are screened off, adult fish fries are placed in a part of the separation pond to be separated and identified into fishways, the separation and identification device arranged in the part of the separation pond is used for separating and identifying the fishways, the quantity and the types of the fish fries passing through the fishways are identified and counted, a communicating gate valve is opened, and the fish fries of different types are placed in a temporary culture pond through a communicating pipe arranged at the tail part of the separation pond, the oxygen supplementing device and the light supplementing device in the temporary rearing pond are used for supplementing oxygen and light for fish fries in the temporary rearing pond, the fish-catching net screen arranged in the temporary rearing pond is lowered, the fish fries in the temporary rearing pond are caught up at the bottom of the temporary rearing pond, the lowering gate valve arranged at the inlet of the lowering pipe is opened, the fish fries in the temporary rearing pond enter the fish transporting device along with water flow through the outlet arranged at the bottom of the temporary rearing pond, the screening process is very complicated, the fish fries are thrown into the first sorting chamber from the fish collecting box, need to be lifted and then poured into the second sorting chamber, and then lifted and poured into the sorting pond for sorting and identifying fish ways, in the process, if the screen mesh does not leave the water surface, too small fish can not be screened, the fish can naturally enter the next step along with the screen mesh, the condition of oxygen deficiency can be caused when the screen mesh leaves the water surface, and when the screen mesh is lifted off the water surface, the mucus layer on the surface of the fish is damaged, gill wires are dehydrated and adhered, the blood oxygen exchange efficiency is reduced, in addition, mechanical damage accumulation ‌ can be caused by repeated dumping, and the fish shoals collide with the screen mesh and the pool wall in the dumping process, so that injuries are caused;

In order to solve the drawbacks in the above-mentioned disclosed technology, it is necessary to improve and optimize the structure of the fish-placing and sorting system for fish in hydraulic engineering.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a fish placing and sorting system for fish in hydraulic engineering, which solves the problems that the fish placing and sorting system for fish in hydraulic engineering in the prior art is easy to lack oxygen and cause mechanical damage during screening.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a fish is with putting fish sorting system in hydraulic engineering, including separation box, water pump, air pump, controller, the middle part is selected separately discernment fishway and the temporary pond of breeding of multiunit, separation box left end just is close to upper end position fixedly connected with and is used for moisturizing and send into the inlet tube of waiting to select separately the fish school, the inlet tube link up with separation box inside, the inlet tube outer wall is provided with oxygen structure, separation box front wall is provided with the oxygen concentration detection structure that is used for detecting the oxygen concentration in the separation box, separation box top is through four group's support fixedly connected with roof, the roof sub-wall is provided with the illumination structure that is used for simulating natural environment through illumination, separation box lower extreme fixedly connected with bottom plate, through the sealing member is sealed between bottom plate and the separation box, be provided with the flushing structure that is used for producing upward thrust in the rivers of separation box inside in the bottom plate, both sides wall all is provided with the monitoring structure that is used for monitoring the fish school distribution condition around the separation box, separation box inside just be located the one end that keeps away from the inlet tube and two sets of being the partition plate that the partition plate is the top-down distribution, two sets of partition plate, the partition plate inside wall all with the box side and the box side is the partition plate that the inside is provided with the partition plate that the partition plate is the partition plate that the group is connected with the side, the partition plate that is provided with the partition plate that is used for the big-shaped and the size that the partition plate that is used for the separation box and the size that the separation box is provided with the inside the partition plate that is set up and is used for the side to be used for the separation box to the side to the separation box to the side and the separation box to be set up to the side and the separation box and the side and the baffle that the separation box side, the second channel and the third channel, three groups of fish outlet pipes distributed up and down are fixedly connected to the right wall of the separation box, and the first channel, the second channel and the third channel are respectively communicated with the inside of one group of fish outlet pipes.

In order to reduce collision damage of fish bodies in the separation process, preferably, the separation plates and the baffle plates are both composed of a framework and a flexible layer coated on the outer wall of the framework, and the flexible layer is made of rubber;

When the fish shoal contacts the baffle, the flexible layer buffers collision impact through elastic deformation, and scale scraping damage caused by the traditional hard mesh screen is avoided.

In order to form a stable water flow gradient and guide fish shoals to directionally move towards a separation area, preferably, the lower wall of the separation box is fixedly connected with two groups of supporting legs which are distributed front and back and are close to the left end, and the separation box is supported by the two groups of supporting legs to form a left-high right-low shape;

the water flow naturally flows rightward along the inclined bottom surface of the separation box after being injected from the water inlet pipe, so that the fish shoals are prevented from being piled up at the inlet, and meanwhile, the inclined design is convenient for the natural gravity assistance of the subsequent layered separation.

In order to realize that the fish school is layered according to the body type through the buoyancy of water flow, preferably, the flushing structure comprises a plurality of groups of sinking grooves, a plurality of groups of sinking grooves are distributed left and right and are sequentially arranged on the upper wall of a bottom plate, each group of sinking grooves is internally and is close to the upper side, a water spraying plate is fixedly connected to each group of sinking grooves, a plurality of groups of water spraying holes in a rectangular array are formed in the inner wall of each water spraying plate, an included angle between the axes of the water spraying holes and the axes of a water inlet pipe is seventy degrees, a plurality of groups of connectors are fixedly connected to the front side wall and the rear side wall of the bottom plate, two groups of connectors which are opposite front and rear are respectively communicated with the inside of one group of sinking grooves, one end of each connector, far away from the bottom plate, is connected with a water pump through a water injection pipe, and a flow valve is arranged on the outer wall of the water injection pipe;

when the water pump is started, water is sprayed upwards from the water spraying hole through the water injection pipe at an inclined angle of 70 degrees, so that uniform ascending water flow is formed to push the shoal of fish to suspend, the water spraying intensity is adjusted by matching with the flow valve, and the layering precision of the shoal of fish with different sizes is ensured.

In order to realize full underwater separation and maintain the respiratory demand of the fish school, preferably, the oxygen supply structure comprises an air pipe and an oxygen supply pump, wherein the air pipe is fixedly connected to the front wall of the water inlet pipe, the oxygen supply pump is fixedly connected to one end of the air pipe far away from the water inlet pipe, and water flow in the water inlet pipe is supplied with oxygen through the oxygen supply pump;

Oxygen is directly injected into the water flow of the water inlet pipe through the air pipe, so that the dissolved oxygen of the water body is lifted before separation, and the anoxic risk caused by water separation operation in the traditional screening process is eliminated.

In order to regulate and control dissolved oxygen in a separation environment in real time, preferably, the oxygen concentration detection structure comprises two groups of oxygen concentration sensors, wherein the two groups of oxygen concentration sensors are respectively and fixedly connected to the front wall and the rear wall of the separation box and are respectively positioned close to the right end of the separation box, the detection ends of the two groups of oxygen concentration sensors penetrate through the side wall of the separation box and extend into the separation box, and the oxygen concentration condition of water flow in the separation box is detected by the oxygen concentration sensors;

When the oxygen concentration sensor detects that the dissolved oxygen is lower than the threshold value, the controller automatically starts the oxygen supply pump to supplement oxygen, so that the shoal of fish is always in an oxygen-enriched environment in the suspension sorting process.

In order to reduce the stress reaction of fish shoal and simulate natural illumination conditions, preferably, the illumination structure comprises a plurality of groups of LED lamps, wherein the lower wall of the top plate is fixedly connected with a plurality of groups of lamp holders distributed at equal intervals left and right, a plurality of groups of LED lamps are respectively and fixedly connected with the lower wall of one group of lamp holders, and the illumination intensity of the LED lamps is less than or equal to 500lux and the color temperature of the LED lamps is 3000K warm white light;

The low-intensity warm light covers the inside of the separation box, simulates the dusk state of the natural environment, and avoids the escape behavior of the fish shoal caused by strong light stimulation.

In order to realize real-time self-adaptive adjustment of sorting parameters, preferably, the monitoring structure comprises a plurality of groups of underwater cameras, wherein the groups of underwater cameras are arranged on the front wall and the rear wall of the sorting box in pairs, and the distribution condition of fish shoals in the sorting box is monitored through the groups of underwater cameras;

the fish school density and layering data captured by the underwater camera are fed back to the controller, and decision basis is provided for flow valve opening adjustment and cylinder lifting action.

In order to accurately sort large, medium and small fish school, preferably, the sorting structure comprises a plurality of groups of fish passing grooves, wherein the groups of fish passing grooves are respectively arranged on the inner wall of the partition plate and the inner wall of the baffle, and the size of the fish passing groove in a group of partition plates at the upper side of the two groups of partition plates is smaller than that of the fish passing groove in a group of partition plates at the lower side of the partition plates;

After the shoal of fish drives the layering through the bath structure, the small-size shoal of fish that floats in the upper strata passes the fish tank through the upper strata and gets into first passageway preferentially, and the middle level shoal of fish passes the fish tank through corresponding size and gets into the second passageway, and the lower floor shoal of fish only can get into the third passageway owing to the body type is greater than the fish tank, and then accomplishes the separation, and whole journey need not manual intervention.

In order to meet the sorting requirements of different fish swarm densities, preferably, the lifting driving structure comprises a plurality of groups of air cylinders, wherein the plurality of groups of air cylinders are respectively and fixedly connected to the front wall and the rear wall on the inner side of the sorting box, and the ends of the extending shafts of the plurality of groups of air cylinders are respectively and fixedly connected with the upper walls of the two groups of partition plates;

When the underwater camera detects that the density of a fish shoal on a certain layer is too high ‌, the controller drives the air cylinder to lift the corresponding partition plate so as to enlarge the channel volume, and extrusion damage caused by fish shoal congestion is avoided.

The invention provides a fish placing and sorting system for fish in hydraulic engineering. The beneficial effects are as follows:

Compared with the prior art, the fish is with putting fish sorting system in this hydraulic engineering, compare with prior art, through the controllable upward water flow that bottom bath structure produced, make the shoal of fish according to the natural layering of size under the suspension, directly get into corresponding passageway through the fish groove of crossing of equidimension, whole journey need not to leave water or artifical transfer operation, avoided traditional screen cloth repeatedly to carry and draw, empty the problem that the fish body surface mucus layer that causes destroys and the scale drops, is showing reduction mechanical damage and oxygen deficiency stress.

Compared with the prior art, the fish-placing and sorting system for the hydraulic engineering has the advantages that through linkage control of the flow valve and monitoring data of the underwater camera, the system can dynamically adjust the ascending water flow intensity in real time, adapt to the sorting requirements of fish shoals with different densities and sizes, can enhance the water flow thrust to promote rapid layering of the fish shoals when the fish shoals are monitored to be distributed on the lower layer, and otherwise, can reduce the water flow energy consumption when the fish shoals are distributed sparsely, and effectively improve the adaptability.

Compared with the prior art, the fish sorting system for fish in hydraulic engineering is characterized in that based on fish shoal distribution and density data fed back by the underwater camera, the controller drives the air cylinder to adjust the vertical positions of the two groups of partition plates, so that the layer heights of the first channel, the second channel and the third channel are changed, fish collision damage caused by channel congestion is avoided, and meanwhile, the sorting process is ensured to be continuous and efficient.

Compared with the prior art, the fish-placing and sorting system for the hydraulic engineering has the advantages that through the integrated oxygen concentration sensor, the oxygen supply pump and the low-intensity warm light illumination system, parameters such as water dissolved oxygen quantity, illumination intensity and the like in the sorting box can be regulated and controlled in real time, the natural habitat environment of fish is simulated, and compared with the defects of water flow stagnation and insufficient dissolved oxygen in a traditional temporary culture pond, the system maintains the optimal physiological state of fish shoals through continuous water flow circulation and accurate oxygen supplement, and provides healthy individuals for subsequent breeding intervention.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the invention at A in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the invention at B in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of the invention at C in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of the invention at D in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a partial bottom schematic view of the connection structure of the top plate, lamp holder and LED lamp of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a partial top view of the connection structure of the bottom plate and the water jet plate of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of the connection structure of the soleplate and the water spraying plate of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view of the connecting structure of the separation box and the partition plate of the present invention;

FIG. 10 shows a divider plate according to the present invention the internal structure is partially cut away.

Wherein, 1, a separation box, 2, a water inlet pipe, 3, a bracket, 4, a top plate, 5, a fish outlet pipe, 6, a supporting leg, 7, a bottom plate, 701, a sink, 8, a connector, 9, a water injection pipe, 10, a flow valve, 11, a cylinder, 12, a partition plate, 1201, a framework, 1202, a flexible layer, 13, a baffle, 14, a fish outlet groove, 15, an underwater camera, 16, an oxygen supply pump, 17, an air pipe, 18, an oxygen concentration sensor, 19, a lamp holder, 20, an LED lamp, 21, a water spraying plate, 22 and a water spraying hole.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Examples

As shown in fig. 1 to 10, the embodiment of the invention provides a fish placement and separation system for fish in hydraulic engineering, which comprises a separation box 1, a water pump, an air pump, a controller, a part of separation and identification fishways and a plurality of groups of temporary culture ponds, wherein the part of separation and identification fishways are used for identifying fish types and physical conditions, the plurality of groups of temporary culture ponds are used for collecting separated fish, and the part of separation and identification fishways and the temporary culture ponds are consistent with the structure of the prior art, and are not expanded in the implementation;

‌ in order to form a stable water flow gradient and guide fish shoals to directionally move towards a separation area, two groups of supporting legs 6 which are distributed front and back are fixedly connected to the lower wall of the separation box 1 and close to the left end, the separation box 1 is supported by the two groups of supporting legs 6 to form a left-high right-low shape, the left end of the separation box 1 is fixedly connected with a water inlet pipe 2 which is used for supplementing water and feeding the fish shoals to be separated and is close to the upper end, and the water inlet pipe 2 is communicated with the inside of the separation box 1;

The water flow naturally flows rightward along the inclined bottom surface of the separation box 1 after being injected from the water inlet pipe 2, so that the fish shoals are prevented from being accumulated at the inlet, and meanwhile, the inclined design is convenient for the natural gravity assistance of the subsequent layered separation;

in order to realize full underwater separation and maintain the fish school respiratory demand ‌, the outer wall of the water inlet pipe 2 is provided with an oxygen supply structure, the oxygen supply structure comprises an air pipe 17 and an oxygen supply pump 16, the air pipe 17 is fixedly connected to the front wall of the water inlet pipe 2, the oxygen supply pump 16 is fixedly connected to one end of the air pipe 17 far away from the water inlet pipe 2, and water flow in the water inlet pipe 2 is supplied with oxygen through the oxygen supply pump 16;

Oxygen is directly injected into the water flow of the water inlet pipe 2 through the air pipe 17, so that the dissolved oxygen of the water body is lifted before separation, and the anoxic risk caused by water separation operation in the traditional screening process is eliminated;

In order to regulate and control the dissolved oxygen amount of a separation environment in real time, the front wall of the separation box 1 is provided with an oxygen concentration detection structure for detecting the oxygen concentration in the separation box 1, the oxygen concentration detection structure comprises two groups of oxygen concentration sensors 18, the two groups of oxygen concentration sensors 18 are respectively and fixedly connected to the front wall and the rear wall of the separation box 1 and are positioned close to the right end position of the separation box 1, the detection ends of the two groups of oxygen concentration sensors 18 penetrate through the side wall of the separation box 1 and extend into the separation box 1, and the condition of the water flow oxygen concentration in the separation box 1 is detected by the oxygen concentration sensors 18;

‌ when the oxygen concentration sensor 18 detects that the dissolved oxygen is lower than a threshold value ‌, the controller automatically starts the oxygen supply pump 16 to supplement oxygen, so that the shoal of fish is always in an oxygen-enriched environment in the suspension sorting process;

‌ in order to reduce the stress reaction of fish school and simulate natural illumination conditions, the top of the sorting box 1 is fixedly connected with a top plate 4 through four groups of brackets 3, the lower wall of the top plate 4 is provided with an illumination structure for simulating natural environment through illumination, the illumination structure comprises a plurality of groups of LED lamps 20, the lower wall of the top plate 4 is fixedly connected with a plurality of groups of lamp holders 19 distributed at equal intervals left and right, the LED lamps 20 are respectively and fixedly connected with the lower wall of one group of lamp holders 19, the illumination intensity of the LED lamps 20 is less than or equal to 500lux, and the color temperature is 3000K warm white light;

The low-intensity warm light covers the inside of the separation box 1, simulates the dusk state of the natural environment, and avoids the escape behavior of the fish shoal caused by strong light stimulation;

In order to realize the fish school according to the body type layering through the buoyancy of water flow, the lower end of the separation box 1 is fixedly connected with a bottom plate 7, the bottom plate 7 is sealed with the separation box 1 through a sealing piece, a flushing structure for generating upward thrust in the water flow in the separation box 1 is arranged in the bottom plate 7, the flushing structure comprises a plurality of groups of sinking grooves 701, the plurality of groups of sinking grooves 701 are distributed left and right and are sequentially arranged on the upper wall of the bottom plate 7, a water spraying plate 21 is fixedly connected in each group of sinking grooves 701 at positions close to the upper side, the inner wall of each group of water spraying plate 21 is provided with a plurality of groups of water spraying holes 22 in a rectangular array, the included angle between the axes of the water spraying holes 22 and the axis of the water inlet pipe 2 is seventy degrees, the front side wall and the rear side wall of the bottom plate 7 are fixedly connected with a plurality of groups of joints 8, two groups of the joints 8 which are opposite front and rear are respectively communicated with the inner part of one group of sinking grooves 701, one end of each joint 8, which is far away from the bottom plate 7, is connected with a water pump through a water injection pipe 9, and a flow valve 10 is arranged on the outer wall of the water injection pipe 9;

When the water pump is started ‌, water is sprayed upwards from the water spraying hole 22 through the water injection pipe 9 at an inclined angle of 70 degrees, so that uniform ascending water flow is formed to push the shoal to float, the water spraying intensity is adjusted by matching with the flow valve 10, and the layering precision of the shoal with different sizes is ensured;

In order to realize real-time self-adaptive adjustment of sorting parameters, the front side wall and the rear side wall of the sorting box 1 are respectively provided with a monitoring structure for monitoring the fish swarm distribution condition, the monitoring structure comprises a plurality of groups of underwater cameras 15, the plurality of groups of underwater cameras 15 are respectively arranged on the front wall and the rear wall of the sorting box 1 in pairs, and the fish swarm distribution condition in the sorting box 1 is monitored through the plurality of groups of underwater cameras 15;

The fish school density and layering data captured by the underwater camera 15 are fed back to the controller, so that decision basis is provided for the opening adjustment of the flow valve 10 and the lifting action of the air cylinder 11;

In order to reduce collision damage of fish bodies in the separation process, two groups of separation plates 12 which are distributed up and down are arranged at one end, far away from the water inlet pipe 2, of the separation box 1, the right ends of the two groups of separation plates 12 are in sliding connection with the right wall of the inner side of the separation box 1, the left ends of the two groups of separation plates 12 are provided with baffle plates 13 which are arranged in an inclined manner, the baffle plates 13 incline towards the upper left corner of the separation plates 12, the separation plates 12 and the baffle plates 13 are composed of a framework 1201 and a flexible layer 1202 coated on the outer wall of the framework 1201, and the flexible layer 1202 is rubber;

‌ when the fish shoal contacts the baffle 13, ‌, the flexible layer 1202 buffers the collision impact through elastic deformation, so that scale scraping damage caused by the traditional hard mesh screen is avoided;

‌ in order to accurately sort large, medium and small fish schools, the inner walls of the partition plate 12 and the baffle plate 13 are respectively provided with a sorting structure for sorting fish schools according to the size of the fish schools, the sorting structure comprises a plurality of groups of fish passing grooves 14, the plurality of groups of fish passing grooves 14 are respectively arranged on the inner wall of the partition plate 12 and the inner wall of the baffle plate 13, and the size of the fish passing groove 14 in one group of partition plates 12 at the upper side of the two groups of partition plates 12 is smaller than that of the fish passing groove 14 in the other group of partition plates 12 at the lower side of the two groups of partition plates;

after the fish shoal is driven to be layered by the flushing structure, small-sized fish shoal suspended on the upper layer enters the first channel through the upper-layer fish passing groove 14 preferentially, middle-layer fish shoal enters the second channel through the corresponding-size fish passing groove 14, and the lower-layer fish shoal can only enter the third channel due to the fact that the size of the fish shoal is larger than that of the fish passing groove 14, so that sorting is finished, and manual intervention is not needed in the whole process;

In order to adapt to the sorting requirements ‌ of different fish swarm densities, a lifting driving structure for driving the partition plate 12 to move up and down is arranged between the partition plate 12 and the inner side wall of the sorting box 1, the lifting driving structure comprises a plurality of groups of air cylinders 11, the plurality of groups of air cylinders 11 are respectively and fixedly connected to the front wall and the rear wall of the inner side of the sorting box 1, and the protruding shaft ends of the plurality of groups of air cylinders 11 are respectively and fixedly connected with the upper walls of the two groups of partition plates 12;

‌ when the underwater camera 15 detects that the density of a fish shoal on a certain layer is too high ‌, the controller drives the air cylinder 11 to lift the corresponding partition plate 12 so as to enlarge the channel volume, and extrusion damage caused by fish shoal congestion is avoided;

‌ in order to realize continuous sorting operation and connect a downstream processing link ‌, a first channel, a second channel and a third channel which are distributed from top to bottom in sequence are formed in the sorting box 1 and are separated by two groups of partition boards 12 at the position close to the right side, three groups of fish outlet pipes 5 which are distributed up and down are fixedly connected to the right wall of the sorting box 1, and the first channel, the second channel and the third channel are respectively communicated with the inside of one group of fish outlet pipes 5;

the large, medium and small fish shoals after sorting are directly conveyed to the part of sorting and identifying fishways through the independent fish outlet pipe 5, and the flow interruption caused by the traditional multi-stage manual transfer is eliminated.

The working principle is that water flow naturally flows rightward along the inclined bottom surface of the separation box 1 after being injected from the water inlet pipe 2, so that the fish shoals are prevented from being accumulated at the inlet, and meanwhile, the inclined design is convenient for the natural gravity assistance of the subsequent layered separation; oxygen is directly injected into the water flow of the water inlet pipe 2 through the air pipe 17, so that the dissolved oxygen of the water body is lifted before separation, and the anoxic risk caused by water separation operation in the traditional screening process is eliminated; when the oxygen concentration sensor 18 detects that the dissolved oxygen is lower than a threshold value, the controller automatically starts the oxygen supply pump 16 to supplement oxygen, so that the shoal is always in an oxygen-enriched environment in the suspension sorting process, low-intensity warm light covers the inside of the sorting box 1, a dusk state of the natural environment is simulated, the shoal escape behavior caused by strong light stimulation is avoided, when the water pump is started, water is sprayed upwards from the water spraying holes 22 at an inclined angle of 70 degrees through the water injection pipe 9 to form uniform ascending water flow to push the shoal to suspend, the water spraying intensity is regulated by the flow valve 10 to ensure the layering precision of the shoal with different body types, the shoal density and layering data captured by the underwater camera 15 are fed back to the controller, decision basis is provided for the opening regulation of the flow valve 10 and lifting action of the air cylinder 11, when the shoal contacts the baffle 13, the flexible layer 1202 buffers impact through elastic deformation, the scraping damage caused by the traditional hard water screen is avoided, after the shoal is driven to delaminate through the structure, the small shoal suspended at the upper layer is preferentially enters the first channel through the upper layer fish passing groove 14, the middle layer enters the second channel through the corresponding size fish passing groove 14, the shoal is larger than the third channel ‌ is not required to be interfered by the artificial shoal, when the shoal is detected to be higher than the third channel ‌, the whole-time can be completely sorted by the whole process, and the shoal density is detected by the high-level fish passing through the third channel ‌, the controller drives the air cylinder 11 to lift the corresponding partition plate 12 so as to enlarge the channel volume, extrusion damage caused by fish swarm congestion is avoided, and the sorted large, medium and small fish swarms are directly conveyed to the partial sorting recognition fishway through the independent fish outlet pipe 5, so that flow interruption caused by traditional multistage manual transfer is eliminated.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. The fish sorting system for fish in hydraulic engineering is characterized by comprising a sorting box (1), a water pump, an air pump, a controller, a middle sorting identification fishway and a plurality of groups of temporary rearing ponds, wherein the left end of the sorting box (1) is fixedly connected with a water inlet pipe (2) for supplementing water and feeding fish shoals to be sorted near the upper end, the water inlet pipe (2) is communicated with the inside of the sorting box (1), the outer wall of the water inlet pipe (2) is provided with an oxygen supply structure, the front wall of the sorting box (1) is provided with an oxygen concentration detection structure for detecting the oxygen concentration in the sorting box (1), the top of the sorting box (1) is fixedly connected with a top plate (4) through four groups of brackets (3), the lower wall of the top plate (4) is provided with an illumination structure for simulating natural environment through illumination, the lower end of the sorting box (1) is fixedly connected with a bottom plate (7), the bottom plate (7) is sealed with the sorting box (1) through a sealing piece, the inside of the sorting box (1) is provided with a water flushing structure for generating upward thrust in water flow, the inside the sorting box (1) is provided with a partition plate (12) which is arranged at the front two sides of the sorting box (1) and is far away from the inside the two partition plates (12) which are arranged at the two sides of the inside the sorting box (1) and are respectively connected with the two partition plates (12), two sets of baffle (13) that baffle (12) left end all is provided with and is slope form setting, baffle (13) are inclined towards the upper left corner of baffle (12), baffle (12) and baffle (13) inner wall all are provided with the separation structure that is used for sorting the shoal of fish according to shoal size, be provided with the lift drive structure that is used for driving baffle (12) reciprocate between baffle (12) and the separation box (1) inside wall, separation box (1) is inside and be close to right side position and separate through two sets of baffle (12) and form first passageway, second passageway and the third passageway that from the top down distributes in proper order, three sets of play fish pipe (5) that are distributed about separation box (1) right wall fixedly connected with, first passageway, second passageway and third passageway link up with a set of play fish pipe (5) inside respectively.

2. The fish placement and separation system for hydraulic engineering according to claim 1, wherein the separation plate (12) and the baffle (13) are composed of a framework (1201) and a flexible layer (1202) coated on the outer wall of the framework (1201), and the flexible layer (1202) is made of rubber.

3. The fish placement and separation system for hydraulic engineering according to claim 2, wherein two groups of support legs (6) which are distributed front and back are fixedly connected to the lower wall of the separation box (1) and close to the left end, and the separation box (1) is supported through the two groups of support legs (6) to form a left-high right-low shape.

4. The fish-placing and sorting system for hydraulic engineering according to claim 3, wherein the flushing structure comprises a plurality of groups of sinking grooves (701), the plurality of groups of sinking grooves (701) are distributed left and right and sequentially on the upper wall of the bottom plate (7), water spraying plates (21) are fixedly connected to the inner parts and the positions close to the upper sides of the sinking grooves (701), a plurality of groups of water spraying holes (22) in a rectangular array are formed in the inner walls of the water spraying plates (21), the included angle between the axes of the water spraying holes (22) and the axes of the water inlet pipes (2) is seventy degrees, a plurality of groups of joints (8) are fixedly connected to the front side wall and the rear side wall of the bottom plate (7), two groups of the joints (8) which are opposite front and rear are respectively communicated with the inner parts of the sinking grooves (701), one ends of the joints (8) far away from the bottom plate (7) are connected with a water pump through water injection pipes (9), and flow valves (10) are arranged on the outer walls of the water injection pipes (9).

5. The fish sorting system for hydraulic engineering according to claim 4, wherein the oxygen supply structure comprises an air pipe (17) and an oxygen supply pump (16), the air pipe (17) is fixedly connected to the front wall of the water inlet pipe (2), the oxygen supply pump (16) is fixedly connected to one end, far away from the water inlet pipe (2), of the air pipe (17), and water flow in the water inlet pipe (2) is supplied with oxygen through the oxygen supply pump (16).

6. The fish-placing separation system for hydraulic engineering according to claim 5, wherein the oxygen concentration detection structure comprises two groups of oxygen concentration sensors (18), the two groups of oxygen concentration sensors (18) are respectively and fixedly connected to the front wall and the rear wall of the separation box (1) and are located at positions close to the right end of the separation box (1), the detection ends of the two groups of oxygen concentration sensors (18) penetrate through the side wall of the separation box (1) and extend into the separation box (1), and the oxygen concentration condition of water flow in the separation box (1) is detected through the oxygen concentration sensors (18).

7. The fish placement and sorting system for hydraulic engineering according to claim 6, wherein the lighting structure comprises a plurality of groups of LED lamps (20), a plurality of groups of lamp holders (19) distributed at equal intervals left and right are fixedly connected to the lower wall of the top plate (4), a plurality of groups of LED lamps (20) are respectively fixedly connected to the lower wall of one group of lamp holders (19), and the illumination intensity of the LED lamps (20) is less than or equal to 500lux and the color temperature of the LED lamps is 3000K warm white light.

8. The fish placement and separation system for hydraulic engineering according to claim 7, wherein the monitoring structure comprises a plurality of groups of underwater cameras (15), the groups of underwater cameras (15) are respectively arranged on the front wall and the rear wall of the separation box (1) in pairs, and the distribution condition of fish shoal in the separation box (1) is monitored through the groups of underwater cameras (15).

9. The fish placement and separation system for hydraulic engineering according to claim 8, wherein the separation structure comprises a plurality of groups of fish passing grooves (14), the groups of fish passing grooves (14) are respectively arranged on the inner wall of the separation plate (12) and the inner wall of the baffle plate (13), and the size of the fish passing groove (14) in the upper group of separation plates (12) is smaller than that of the fish passing groove (14) in the lower group of separation plates (12).

10. The fish-placing and sorting system for hydraulic engineering according to claim 9, wherein the lifting driving structure comprises a plurality of groups of air cylinders (11), the plurality of groups of air cylinders (11) are respectively and fixedly connected to the front wall and the rear wall of the inner side of the sorting box (1), and the protruding shaft ends of the plurality of groups of air cylinders (11) are respectively and fixedly connected to the upper walls of the two groups of partition boards (12).