CN1264400A - 以氟化烃发泡的硬质聚氨酯防火泡沫体 - Google Patents
以氟化烃发泡的硬质聚氨酯防火泡沫体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1264400A CN1264400A CN98807403A CN98807403A CN1264400A CN 1264400 A CN1264400 A CN 1264400A CN 98807403 A CN98807403 A CN 98807403A CN 98807403 A CN98807403 A CN 98807403A CN 1264400 A CN1264400 A CN 1264400A
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- composition
- alkyl
- making foams
- foams
- halogen
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- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 140
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 polyphenylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229940058344 antitrematodals organophosphorous compound Drugs 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)CC(F)(F)F MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 10
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoromethane Chemical compound FCF RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 150000003008 phosphonic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- KLZDCUBZWUSEGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC.F.F.F.F.F Chemical compound CC.F.F.F.F.F KLZDCUBZWUSEGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004646 sulfenyl group Chemical group S(*)* 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 17
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 7
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FRCHKSNAZZFGCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)(Cl)Cl FRCHKSNAZZFGCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl terephthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OC)C=C1 WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic anhydride Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
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- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CXIGIYYQHHRBJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCC(F)(F)F CXIGIYYQHHRBJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
公开具有改进防火性的硬质聚氨酯泡沫体。泡沫体由含(a)一种异氰酸酯;(b)一种含芳族聚酯多元醇的异氰酸酯反应组合物;(c)一种有机磷化合物;与(d)一种C1至C4氟化烃的组合物制备。
Description
发明的领域
本发明涉及具有改进防火性的泡沫体。尤其本发明泡沫体是闭孔的硬质聚氨酯(聚氨基甲酸酯)或尿烷改性的聚三聚异氰酸酯。
发明的背景
建筑物绝热工业上硬质聚氨酯泡沫体大规模商业承受的重要因素是其提供良好性质均衡的能力。已知硬质聚氨酯泡沫体提供杰出绝热、卓越耐火及上好结构性质,均匀合理低密度。此类硬质泡沫体(一般)由适宜的聚异氰酸酯及异氰酸酯反应性化合物在发泡剂存在下反应制备。氯氟烃发泡剂(CFCs)如CFC-11(CCl3F)及CFC-12(CCl2F2)是商业上最重要发泡剂主要因其绝热性好及低或不燃性。此类发泡剂的使用是硬质聚氨酯泡沫体有良好性质平衡的主要原因。近来CFCs已与地球大气中衰减的臭氧浓度相联,其使用已受严格限制。氯氟化烃类特别HCFC-141b(CCl2FCH3)与HCFC-22(CHClF2)在许多应用中已成过渡性的溶液,又因其绝热性好及低或无可燃性。HCFCs有臭氧消耗趋势,其用途在不断检查下,HCFC-141b的生产与用途在美国现时计划于2003年终止。
此种环境影响已导致一种必要开发反应体系,这种体系利用有零臭氧消耗趋势同时保留所知硬质聚氨酯泡沫体的良好性质平衡的发泡剂。曾经探讨作此种发泡剂的一类物质为氟化烃类(HFCs)例如1,1,1,3,3-五氟丙烷(HFC-245fa);1,1,1,3,3-五氟丁烷(HFC-365mfc);1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(HFC-134a);1,1-二氟乙烷(HFC-152a)。对HFC′s作硬质聚氨酯泡沫体作发泡剂用途有许多专利与文献资料。该材料的用途发表在例如美国专利5,496,866(Bayer);5,461,084(Bayer);4,997,706(Dow);5,430,071(BASF);5,444,101(ICI)等中。虽HFCs比CFCs及HCFCs等更能为环境接受,而在防火性方面稍差。用HFC发泡剂所制聚氨酯泡沫体务必有良好防火性同时保持良好热学与结构性质,均在能与CFC及HCFC发泡剂相比的密度。建筑工业上所用硬质聚氨酯泡沫体因必须符合严格防火规范,其耐火性质特别重要。
目前氟化烃类与烃类是经硬质泡沫体工业评介作零臭氧消耗趋向(ODP)发泡剂的二类主要材料。此二类材料无一有“理想”发泡剂的全部属性。例如,HFCs的全球温效高(低于CFCs但有某些原因仍高)而VOC含量低。烃类有极低直接全球温势但认是VOC。
因此,仍有需要开发一种反应体系其中发泡剂有零臭氧消耗趋势,且制造所知硬质聚氨酯泡沫体具有良好性质平衡。
发明的概述
所以,本发明的目的是提供闭孔硬质聚氨酯或尿烷改性的聚三聚异氰酸酯泡沫体,它们即使以氟化烃发泡亦具与CFC或HCFC发泡泡沫体相当或改进的耐火性。
本发明的另一目的是提供用氟化烃类发泡的闭孔硬质聚氨酯或尿烷改性的聚三聚异氰酸酯泡沫体,它们有良好绝热及结构性连同改进防火性质等。
现已意外发现使用超过40重量%平均官能度低于3.0的芳族聚酯多元醇作多官能异氰酸反应性成分,连同在泡沫体配方中使用有机磷化物改良了HFC发泡剂存在下所制聚氨酯泡沫体的防火性质。这种HFC发泡的泡沫体亦有惊人的良好绝热及结构性连同改善的防火性质。本发明组合物有利地使其可能获得性质的平衡最适宜符合现时的商业与环境二方面需求。
今已惊异地发现密度在1.2至4.2lb/ft3之间并具有卓越防火性及良好热与结构性质的硬质聚氨酯泡沫体能用以下配方获得:
(1)有机多异氰酸酯,
(2)发泡剂含
(a)能在发泡条件下挥发的C1-C4氟化烃类作物理发泡剂,与
(b)水,
(3)多官能异氰酸酯反应性组合物,含40重量%平均官能度低于3.0的芳族聚酯多元醇,
(4)有机磷化合物,与
(5)一种或多种其他辅助剂或传统供生产硬质聚氨酯及尿烷改性的聚三聚异氰酸酯泡沫体调制的添加剂。此种任选的添加剂包括而不限于交联剂、泡沫稳定剂或表面活化剂、催化剂、红外遮光剂、泡孔大小减缩化合物、粘度降低剂、可混用剂、脱模剂、填料、颜料及抗氧剂,其中所述有机磷化合物用量以使磷含量为以泡沫体反应混合物总重量计约0.01至约2.5%重量间。
总之,本发明的惊人技术优点是用氟化烃(零ODP)发泡剂发泡的硬质聚氨酯泡沫体配方的发现,所产生泡沫体在实验室测试中其防火性能等于或优于以CFCs或HCFCs发泡的那些泡沫体;结构性能诸如压缩强度及长期尺寸稳定性能与以CFCs或HCFCs发泡的泡沫体相比或更好;起始及长期绝热性能可与CFCs或HCFCs发泡的泡沫体相比。
本发明泡沫体适用于商店屋顶及住宅墙壁绝热以及金属面板、喷雾泡沫体、及防火门等的连续层压板料泡沫体。
发明的详细说明
下文说明在本发明泡沫体中利用的每一种上述材料。
(1)异氰酸酯:本发明实施中可用任何有机多异氰酸酯。较佳异氰酸酯为多亚苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PMDI)。最佳异氰酸酯为以100%重量异氰酸酯计约15至约42%重量二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯含量的那些PMDI。
以100%总泡沫体配方重量计异氰酸酯量典型约30-75%,较佳约40-70%,最好约45-65%。
(2a)HFC发泡剂:在发泡条件下能汽化的任何C1-C4氟化烃类能单独或以混合物使用。适合的HFC包括二氟甲烷(HFC-32);三氟甲烷(HFC-23);1,1-二氟乙烷(HFC-152a);1,1,1-三氟乙烷(HFC-143a);1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(HFC-134a);五氟乙烷(HFC-125);五氟丙烷的全部异构物(HFC-245fa,ca,ed,ea等);七氟丙烷的全部异构物(HFC-236ca,cb,ea,eb);五氟丁烷的异构物(HFC-365);1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟丁烷(HFC-356mffm)。较佳HFCs包括1,1,1,3,3-五氟丙烷(HFC-245fa);1,1,1 3,3-五氟丁烷(HFC-365mfc)。最佳为HFC-245fa。
其他发泡剂,特别是空气、氮、二氧化碳、烷类、烯类、醚类可用作次要的物理发泡剂。代表性烷类包括正丁烷、正戊烷、异戊烷、环戊烷及其混合物等。代表性烯类包括1-戊烯。代表性醚类包括二甲基醚。
(2b)水:在发泡条件下水与异氰酸酯反应放出CO2。水能与2(a)内所述的任一物理发泡剂使用。
发泡剂用量足以使所生产的泡沫体有1.2至4.2lb/ft3之间所希望的密度,较佳1.4至4.0lb/ft3,最好1.6至3.8lb/ft3。另外、HFC用量须使起始制备时硬质泡沫体闭孔中气态混合物在约99-20%之间、较佳约97-30%,最好约95-40%克分子%HFC。
(3)多官能性异氰酸酯反应组合物:它们典型含超过约40%重量平均官能度3以下的芳族聚酯多元醇,其余是其他型异氰酸酯反应性化合物。
适宜芳族聚酯多元醇包括由多羧酸及/或其衍生物或酸酐与多元醇的反应制备的那些,其中反应物中至少一种是芳族。多羧酸可以是任何已知脂族、环脂族、芳族、及/或杂环多羧酸类并可经取代(例如以卤原子)及/或未取代的。适宜的多羧酸及酐的实例包括草酸、丙二酸、戊二酸、庚二酸、丁二酸、己二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、酞酸、异酞酸、对酞酸、偏苯三酸、偏苯三酸酐、苯均四酸二酐、酞酸酐、四氢酞酸酐、六氢酞酸酐、桥甲撑四氢酞酸酐、戊二酸酐、马来酸、马来酸酐、富马酸、及二聚与三聚脂肪酸,诸如可与单体脂肪酸类混合那些油酸。多羧酸的简单酯类如对酞酸二甲酯、对酞酸双二醇及其萃出物等亦可用。
芳族多羧酸的适用例为酞酸、异酞酸、对酞酸、及偏苯三酸。适宜芳族多羧酸衍生物为多羧酸类如酞酸、异酞酸、对酞酸、及偏苯三酸的二甲或二乙酯。芳族酸酐的适宜例为酞酸酐、四氢酞酸酐及苯均四酸酐。
聚酯多元醇虽能由以上列举的基本上纯净的反应物材料制备,但较复杂组份如得自酞酸、酸酐、对酞酸、对酞酸二甲酯、聚对酞酸乙烯酯等制造中侧流、废弃或残余物等可被有利使用。
适于制备聚酯多元醇的多元醇可是脂族、环脂族、芳族、及/或杂环。多元醇可随意包括反应中呈惰性的取代基例如氯及溴取代基,并/或可是不饱和。亦可用适合的氨基醇类如单乙醇胺或二乙醇胺之类。适宜多元醇实例包括乙二醇、丙二醇、多亚氧烷基乙二醇类(如二甘醇、多甘醇、二丙二醇与多丙二醇)、甘油及三羟甲基丙烷。芳族多元醇的适用例为1,4-苯二醇,氢醌二(2-羟乙基)醚、对酞酸双(羟乙)酯及间苯二酚。
本发明中利用的聚酯多元醇是芳族,并有少于3的平均官能度。例如多羧酸(及/或其衍生物或酸酐组份)或多元醇或二者是芳族且反应产物的平均官能度小于3.0。商业上能购到许多此类多元醇。STEPANPOLPS-2352,PS-2402,PS-3152为Stepan Co.制造的几种此类多元醇。TERATE2541,254,403,203是Hoechst-Celanese Corp.所制的几种此类多元醇。TEROL235,235N,250为Oxid,Inc.制的几种此类多元醇。
多官能异氰酸酯反应性组合物可含多达60%的其他适合的异氰酸酯反应性化合物。这种成分实例包括多醚多元醇、脂族聚酯多元醇及其混合物,有当量自约40至约4000,较佳约50至约3000和平均羟官能度约2至约8,较佳约2至约6。适宜的多官能异氰酸酯反应性组合物其他实例包括活性氢封端的多硫醚、聚酰胺、聚酰胺酯、聚碳酸酯、聚缩醛、聚烯烃及聚硅氧烷等。另外合用的异氰酸酯-反应性物质包括伯与仲二胺(Unilink 4200)、烯胺、环脲、环碳酸酯、及聚羧酸。几种这些化合物与异氰酸酯反应放出二氧化碳而导致发泡。
(4)有机磷化合物:能用各种含磷有机化合物。适用化合物包括磷酸酯、亚磷酸酯、膦酸酯、多磷酸酯、多亚磷酸酯、多膦酸酯、多磷酸铵。适宜磷酸酯化合物具如下化学式:式内R1至R3表示烷基、卤素取代的烷基、芳基、卤素取代的芳基及环烷基等。较佳磷酸酯为其中R1至R3代表C1-C12烷基、C1-C12卤素取代的烷基、苯基、甲苯基、卤素取代的苯基及C5-C10环烷基。更佳磷酸酯为其中R1至R3表示C1-C8烷基、C1-C8卤素取代的烷基、及苯基。最好磷酸酯化合物是其R1至R3表示C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤素取代的烷基、及苯基。几种特别适宜的磷酸酯为磷酸三乙酯(TEP产自Eastman),磷酸三丁酯,磷酸三(2-氯丙)酯(Albright & Wilson产的Antiblaze80),及磷酸氯丙基双(溴丙)酯(Great Lakes产的FiramasterFM836)。
适宜亚磷酸酯化合物具如下化学式:其中R1至R3表示H,烷基,卤素取代的烷基,芳基,卤素取代的芳基及环烷基等。较佳亚磷酸酯为其R1至R3代表C1-C12烷基、C1-C12卤素取代的烷基、苯基、甲苯基、卤素取代的苯基及C5-C10环烷基等。更佳亚磷酸基为其R1至R3表示C1-C8烷基、C1-C8卤素取代的烷基、及苯基。最佳亚磷酸酯化合物为其R1至R3表示C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤素取代的烷基与苯基。几种特别适宜的亚磷酸酯为亚磷酸三乙酯(Albright& Wilson产的Albrite TEP),亚磷酸三(2-氯乙)酯,及亚磷酸三苯酯(Albrite TPP)。
适宜膦酸酯化合物具如下化学式:式内R1至R3表示烷基、卤素取代的烷基、芳基、卤素取代的芳基及环烷基等。较佳膦酸酯为其中R1至R3代表C1-C12烷基、C1-C12卤素取代的烷基、苯基、甲苯基、卤素取代的苯基及C5-C10环烷基。更佳膦酸酯为其中R1至R3表示C1-C8烷基、C1-C8卤素代烷基及苯基者。最好膦酸酯化合物是其R1至R3表示C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤素取代的烷基及苯基。几种特别适宜的膦酸酯为膦酸二乙基乙酯(Albright & Wilson产的Amgard V490),膦酸二甲基甲酯(Amgard DMMP),膦酸双(2-氯乙)酯及2-氯乙酯。
多磷酸酯化合物的实例为A&W产的Amgaurd V-6,一种氯化的二磷酸酯。多磷酸铵[(NH4PO3)n];n=约1000的实例为Hoechst AG产的Hostaflam AP 422。
本发明所用有机磷化合物可有含羟基、氨基、硫基或其混合物的一或多个异氰酸酯反应性氢。适宜化合物包括单体的或低聚物的磷酸酯、亚磷酸酯与膦酸酯多元醇。适宜的异氰酸酯反应性磷酸酯化合物为由(1)聚烯化氧与(a)磷酸,(b)磷酸部分酯的反应;(2)脂族醇与(a)磷酸,(b)磷酸的部分酯的反应;及(3)由(1)与(2)产物的酯基转移作用所制备。较佳化合物包括磷酸三丁氧基乙酯(Akzo产的Phosflex T-BEP)低聚物的有机磷酸酯二醇(Hoechst AG产的Hostaflam TP OP 550);乙氧基化的磷酸酯(Petrolite产的UnithoxX-5162);及磷酸与醇的单与二酯(Petrolite产的Unithox X-1070)。
适宜的异氰酸酯反应性亚磷酸酯化合物是由(1)聚烯化氧与(a)亚磷酸类(b)亚磷酸的部分酯类的反应;(2)脂族醇类与(a)亚磷酸类(b)亚磷酸的部分酯的反应;及(3)由(1)与(2)产物的酯基转移作用制备。
适宜的异氰酸酯反应性膦酸酯化合物是由(1)聚烯化氧与膦酸类的反应;(2)亚磷酸多元醇酯与烷基卤的反应;(3)膦酸二烷酯,二乙醇胺与甲醛的缩合作用;(4)由(1)(2)与(3)产物的酯基转移作用;及(5)烷基膦酸二烷酯与五氧化磷及烯化氧的反应制备。较佳化合物包括二乙基N,N-双(2-羟乙基)胺乙基膦酸酯(Akzo的Fyrol 6),含羟基的低聚膦酸酯(Akzo的Fyrol 51)。
该有机磷化合物用量在使以制作泡沫体反应混合物的总重量计,磷含量为约0.01至约2.5%重量之间。以制作泡沫体反应混合物总重量计,较佳磷含量在约0.025至约1.50%间,最好约0.05至约1.0%重量比。
(5)添加剂:树脂方面亦能含为特定目的所必要的各种辅助剂与添加剂。适用辅助剂与添加剂包括交联剂如三乙醇胺与甘油;泡沫稳定剂或表面活化剂如硅氧烷-氧化烯共聚物;氧乙烯-氧化烯共聚物;催化剂,诸如叔胺类(例如二甲基环己胺,五甲基二乙烯三胺,2,4,6-三(二甲氨基甲基)酚,三乙二胺);有机金属化合物(例如辛酸钾,醋酸钾,二丁基锡二月桂酸酯);季铵盐类(例如蚁酸2-羟丙基三甲基铵及n-取代的三嗪(N,N′,N″-二甲氨基丙基六氢三嗪);黏度减低剂诸如碳酸亚丙酯,1-甲-2-吡咯烷酮;红外遮光剂诸如碳黑、二氧化钛,金属薄片;孔大小缩减化合物如惰性不溶的氟化化合物,全氟化合物;增强剂如玻璃纤维,磨碎的泡沫体废料;脱模剂诸如硬脂酸锌;抗氧剂诸如丁基化羟基甲苯;及颜料如偶氮-/重氮染料,酞花青等。
这些添加剂的量以100%总泡沫体配方重量计一般在约0.1-20%间,较佳约0.3-15%,最好在约0.5-10%间。
进行制作根据本发明硬质泡沫体方法,已知一步法、预聚合物或半预聚物技术可与传统混合法包括震动混合法一起使用。硬质泡沫体可制成块料、模制品、模穴填充、喷雾泡沫体、喷沫(充气)泡沫体或与其他材料如纸、金属、塑胶、或木板的层压物。
本发明的多个方面用以下实例说明但不作为限制。除非另外注解全部温度以摄氏度数表示,所有配方组份均以重量份数表示。
实例
在实例中涉及到以下材料。
STEPANPOLPS-2352:得自Stepan公司的芳族聚酯多元醇,羟值240mg KOH/g,平均官能度约2,25℃时黏度3,000cPs。此多元醇的芳族聚酯多元醇含量在80%重量以上。
VORANOL240-800:得自Dow化学公司的聚醚多元醇,羟值800mg KOH/g,平均官能度3,100°F时黏度3,500厘沲。
ALKAPOLA-630:Dow化学公司的脂族氨基的聚醚多元醇,羟值630mg KOH/g,平均官能度3,25℃时黏度450cPs。
RUBINOLR159:得自ICI Americas Inc.的芳族氨基的聚醚多元醇,羟值500mg KOH/g,平均官能度3.2,25℃时黏度18000cPs。
RUBINOLR124:得自ICI Americas Inc.的芳族氨基的聚醚多元醇,羟值395mg KOH/g,平均官能度3.9,25℃时黏度18000cPs。
TCPP:磷酸三(β-氯丙)酯(P=9.5%),可得自Akzo NobelChem.Inc.。
TEP:磷酸三乙酯(P=17%),可得自Eastman Chem.Corp。
PELRON9540A:可得自Pelron Corp.的辛酸钾的二甘醇溶液。
PELRON9650:可得自Pelron Corp.的醋酸钾的二甘醇溶液。
POLYCAT5:可得自Air Products的五甲基二乙烯三胺。
DABCO33LV:可得自Air Products的三乙烯二胺的二丙二醇溶液。
DABCO125:可得自Air Products的有机锡聚氨酯催化剂。
TEGOSTABB84PI:可得自Goldschmidt Corp.的硅氧烷表面活化剂。
TEGOSTABB8404:可得自Goldschmidt Corp.的硅氧烷表面活化剂。
LK-221:可得自Air Products的一种非硅氧烷表面活化剂。
HCFC-141b:可得自Elf-Atochem North America的二氯氟乙烷发泡剂。
HFC-245fa(加压的):可得自AlliedSignal Chemicals。
RUBINATE1850:可得自ICI Americas的一种高官能度聚合型MDI。
实例1
用表1所示配方制备许多硬质聚氨酯泡沫体。全部泡沫体用以下通用程序制造。
将“多元醇组分”下所列全部组份除HFC-245fa外用高速混合机于室温一齐混合制成多元醇掺和物。将多元醇掺和物加入Edge-Sweets高压震动混合喷射机的“多元醇组分”槽中。根据表2所示成分、将适量的HFC-245fa加于“多元醇组分”槽中,并用槽上安装的空气混合机猛烈混和。将异氰酸酯加于安装在喷射机上的“异氰酸酯组分”槽中。机械参数设定如下:机械参数 泡沫体#1,2,&3 泡沫体#4“异氰酸酯组分”温度,°F 70 80“多元醇组分”温度,°F 60 70混合压力,Psig 2,000 2,000“异边”泵RPM 70 70“多元醇边”泵RPM 调节使得多元醇组分调节使得多元醇组
对异氰酸酯组分重量分对异氰酸酯组分
比如表1所示 重量比如表1所示分配速度,克/秒 200 200
发泡组份自喷射机射进5公升杯中,对此自由起泡的泡沫体测量其反应性与密度。根据ASTM D 1622测量泡沫芯密度。根据ASTM D3014,Butler Chimney试验在取自4″×15″×15″泡沫块中的泡沫标本上测试防火性能。此试验测量泡沫标本的重量保持与灭火时间。对取自由喷射泡沫组份到纸板盒制成的7″×7″×15″泡沫体的芯标本上经热板试验亦测量得防火特性。热板试验说明见“烃发泡的异氰脲酸酯泡沫的可燃性研究”,第35届SPI聚氨酯技术/市场年会记录,561页(1994)。在NBS烟气试验中燃烧条件下最大烟气密度根据ASTME662测量。
取自由喷射发泡组份到纸板盒制成的7″×7″×15″泡沫体的芯标本测得结构性质。根据聚氨酯1995年会会议录11页(1995),“影响硬质聚氨酯泡沫长期尺寸稳定性的各种因素评估技术”中所述“Dimvac法”于-25℃暴雾7天后测量低温尺寸稳定性。根据ASTMD1621,程序A测量与泡沫方向平行及垂直的压缩强度。泡沫体的热性质根据ASTM C518中所述程序对取自4″×15″×15″泡沫块的泡沫芯测量。泡沫体#1与#2代表用根据本发明配方所制泡沫体。泡沫体#3及#4代表对照的泡沫体。泡沫体#1,#2与#3是用一种零ODP发泡剂HFC-245fa发泡。制泡沫体#4用的配方代表技术现状,是用一种消耗臭氧的发泡剂HCFC-141b发泡。
在Butler Chimney试验中,重量保持较高、火焰高度较低及灭火时间较短表示耐火性较优。如表1可见,泡沫体#1与#2的耐火特性(由Butler Chimney试验测出)比泡沫体#3好得多,而与泡沫体#4相当或较佳。在热板试验中,重量保持较高及厚度保持较高意味耐火性较优。泡沫体#1与#2的耐火性(如热板试验所测得)比泡沫体#3好得多而相当于泡沫体#4或更佳。在NBS烟气试验中,最大烟气密度愈低,泡沫体的耐火性愈佳。泡沫体#1及#2又比泡沫体#3及#4耐火效果好得多。因此在全部实验室防火试验中,泡沫体#1与#2比泡沫体#3的耐火性能好得多而与泡沫体#4相当或较佳。虽然泡沫体#1、#2及#3是用HFC并用>50%芳族聚酯多元醇发泡,仅泡沫体#1及#2含本发明所发表的有机磷化合物。泡沫体#4代表技术现状,亦不用有机磷化合物并用HCFC发泡剂HCFC-141b发泡。
在尺寸稳定性测试中,线型变化%愈接近零,泡沫的尺寸性质愈佳。泡沫体#1及#2比泡沫体#3及#4有较佳尺寸稳定性。在压缩强度测量中、数值愈高、泡沫的结构性能愈佳。此处泡沫体#1与#2亦比泡沫体#3及#4有较佳性能。
在热性质评价中,k-因子愈低、泡沫的绝热性能愈佳。表1内可见泡沫体#1,#2及#3的初始k-因子相同,而比#4稍高。本发明泡沫#1及#2老化的k-因子较低,因此比现在技术状态的泡沫#4较佳。
实例2
用表2所示配方制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫体#5作比较。用有机多异氰酸酯、氟化烃(HFC-245fa)作发泡剂,多醚多元醇作多官能异氰酸酯-反应性组合物,有机磷化合物及其他添加剂制备泡沫体#5。泡沫体#5不用芳族聚多酯多元醇作为官能异氰酸酯反应性成分,因此是一种对照泡沫体。
如表2所见,泡沫体#5的耐火性能(用Butler Chimney试验,热板试验及NBS的火焰高度试验)比泡沫体#1及#2差得多。泡沫体#5的耐火性与泡沫体#3相似和稍差。虽泡沫体#1、#2及#5用HFC发泡并含有机磷化合物,仅#1及#2用本发明公开的芳族聚酯多元醇。此点暗示用HFC发泡剂时必需有机磷化合物与芳族聚酯多元醇二者以获得良好防火性。
泡沫体#5的结构性质与泡沫体#1及#4相似并能接受。泡沫体#5的起始及老化的k-因子不如本发明泡沫体#1及#2好。泡沫体#5的老化的k-因子与技术现状的泡沫体#4相仿。
此结果清楚证明了当用环境能接受的HFC发泡剂发泡时,用本发明配方所制泡沫体(#1与#2)与用本发明外配方所制泡沫(#3及#5)比较有优越防火性能与相当或更佳结构与绝热性能。本发明配方使其可能制成耐燃、结构、及绝热性能相当或更佳于用现行HCFC发泡剂所制的泡沫体。
上面已相当详细说明了本发明。应了解由本领域普通技术人员常规地改进将认为在本发明范围内。
表1泡沫体试样 泡沫体 泡沫体 泡沫体 泡沫体
#1 #2 #3 #4“多元醇组分”Stepanpol PS-2352 100 100 100 100TCPP 7.5TEP 7.5Tegostab B84PI 2Tegostab B8404 1.5 1.5 1.5Pelron 9540A 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.75Pelron 9650 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6Polycat 5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5水 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5HCFC-141b 31HFC-245fa 40.2 40.2 39“异氰酸酯组分”Rubinate 1850 177.6 177.6 177.6 180泡沫配方内%磷 0.22 0.42 0 0芳族聚元醇占异氰酸酯 80+ 80+ 80+ 80+反应性成分的重量%反应性:起泡时间,秒 4 3 4 9胶凝时间,秒 20 17 21 18无黏性时间,秒 25 21 30 23泡沫体性质:自由起泡密度pcf 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9防火性能Butler Chimney试验保留重量% 90 97 36 94最大火焰高度,cm 24 16 25+ 25+灭火时间,秒 18 11 37 11热板试验保留重量 73 71 44 71保留厚度% 97 90 12 91最大烟气密度 84 67 104 108结构性质:尺寸稳定性,-25℃时7天的线形变化% -0.1 -0.1 -0.3 -0.3压缩强度,psi与发泡向平行 61 50 49 52与发泡向垂直 21 17 14 15热性质k-因子BTU.in/ft2.hr.°F起始 0.133 0.133 0.133 0.128室温中3月后 0.151 0.154 0.155 0.162
表2泡沫体试样 泡沫#5“多元醇组分”Voranol 240-800 28.6Alkapol A-630 19.0Rubinol R 159 44.1Rubinol R 124 8.3TCPP 8.3LK-221 1.4Dabco 33LV 0.7Dabco 125 0.7HFC-245fa 26.7“异氰酸酯组分”Rubinate M 151.4泡沫配方内%磷 0.27芳族多元醇占异氰酸酯反应 0性成分的重量%泡沫体性质:泡沫密度pcf 2.6防火性能Butler Chimney试验保留重量% 14.4最大火焰高度,cm 25+灭火时间,秒 42热板试验保留重量% 0保留厚度% 0最大烟气密度 506结构性质:尺寸稳定性,-25℃时7天的 -1线形变化%压缩强度,与发泡向平行,psi 50压缩强度,与发泡向垂直,psi 29热性质,k-因子BTU.in/ft2.hr.°F起始 0.142室温中3月后 0.160
Claims (30)
1.一种制作泡沫体的组合物,含
(a)一种有机异氰酸酯;
(b)一种异氰酸酯反应性组合物,以异氰酸酯反应性组合物的总重量计含至少40%重量的有平均官能度小于3的芳族聚酯多元醇;
(c)一种C1至C4氟化烃发泡剂;与
(d)一种有机磷化合物。
2.根据权利要求1的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中有机异氰酸酯是多亚苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯。
3.根据权利要求2的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中异氰酸酯含二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯量以异氰酸酯总重量计等于约15%至约42%重量。
4.根据权利要求1的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中异氰酸酯量以泡沫制作组合物的总重计等于约30%至约75%重量。
5.根据权利要求1的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中异氰酸酯反应性组合物内芳族聚酯多元醇是由芳族多羧酸与多元醇反应制备。
6.根据权利要求1的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中异氰酸酯反应性组合物亦含一种化合物,它们选自聚醚多元醇、脂族聚酯多元醇、氢末端的聚硫酯、聚酰胺、聚酯酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚缩醛、聚烯烃及聚硅氧烷类等。
7.根据权利要求1的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中C1-C4氟化烃发泡剂是选自二氟甲烷,三氟甲烷,1,1-二氟乙烷,1,1,1-三氟乙烷,1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷,五氟乙烷,五氟丙烷的任一异构物、七氟丙烷的任一异构物,五氟丁烷的任一异构物,1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟丁烷,1,1,1,3,3-五氟丙烷及1,1,1,3,3-五氟丁烷。
8.根据权利要求7的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中氟化烃发泡剂是1,1,1,3,3-五氟丙烷。
9.根据权利要求1的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中组合物含水作附加发泡剂。
10.根据权利要求1的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中有机磷化合物是选自磷酸酯、亚磷酸酯、膦酸酯、多磷酸酯、多亚磷酸酯、多膦酸酯及多磷酸铵。
12.根据权利要求11的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中R1、R2及R3各独立选自C1-C12烷基、C1-C12卤素取代的烷基、苯基、甲苯基、卤素取代的苯基及C5-C10环烷基等。
13.根据权利要求11的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中R1、R2及R3是C1至C8烷基或C1至C8卤素取代的烷基。
14.根据权利要求11的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中R1、R2及R3是C1至C4烷基或C1至C4卤素取代的烷基。
15.根据权利要求11的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中R1、R2及R3是苯基。
16.根据权利要求1的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中有机磷化合物是一种具如下化学式的亚磷酸酯化合物:
式内R1、R2及R3各独立选自H、烷基、卤素取代的烷基、芳基、卤素取代的芳基与环烷基等。
17.根据权利要求16的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中R1、R2及R3各独立选自C1-C12烷基、C1-C12卤素取代的烷基、苯基、甲苯基、卤素取代的苯基及C5-C10环烷基等。
18.根据权利要求16的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中R1、R2及R3各独立选自C1-C8烷基或C1-C8卤素取代的烷基。
19.根据权利要求16的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中R1、R2及R3各自独立选自C1-C4卤素取代的烷基。
20.根据权利要求16的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中R1、R2及R3是苯基。
21.根据权利要求1的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中有机磷化合物是一种具如下化学式的膦酸酯化合物:
式内R1、R2及R3各独立选自烷基、卤素取代的烷基、芳基、卤素取代的芳基及环烷基等。
22.根据权利要求21的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中R1、R2及R3各独立选自C1-C12烷基、C1-C12卤素取代的烷基、苯基、甲苯基、卤素取代的苯基及C5-C10环烷基等。
23.根据权利要求21的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中R1、R2及R3各独立选自C1-C8烷基或C1-C8卤素取代的烷基。
24.根据权利要求21的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中R1、R2及R3各独立选自C1-C4烷基或C1-C4卤素取代的烷基。
25.根据权利要求21的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中R1、R2及R3是苯基。
26.根据权利要求1的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中有机磷化合物含至少一个选自羟基、氨基及硫基的异氰酸酯反应性氢基。
27.根据权利要求1的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中有机磷化合物用量以使组合物中磷含量以组合物总重量计等于约0.01至约2.5%重量。
28.根据权利要求27的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中有机磷化合物用量以使组合物内磷量以组合物总重量计是约0.025至约1.5%重量。
29.根据权利要求27的制作泡沫体的组合物,其中有机磷化合物用量以使组合物内磷量以组合物总重量计是约0.05至约1.0%重量。
30.根据权利要求1的组合物制备的一种密度自1.2至4.2lb/ft3的硬质聚氨酯泡沫体。
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| US5308883A (en) * | 1992-11-04 | 1994-05-03 | The Celotex Corporation | Catalyst for polyisocyanurate foams made with alternative blowing agents |
| WO1996012758A1 (en) * | 1994-10-19 | 1996-05-02 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Rigid polyurethane foams |
| WO1996014354A2 (de) * | 1994-11-02 | 1996-05-17 | Solvay Fluor Und Derivate Gmbh | Flüssiges kohlendioxid enthaltende treibmittel |
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-
1998
- 1998-07-09 HU HU0004077A patent/HUP0004077A3/hu unknown
- 1998-07-09 AU AU90643/98A patent/AU9064398A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-07-09 BR BR9810784-4A patent/BR9810784A/pt unknown
- 1998-07-09 CN CN98807403A patent/CN1264400A/zh active Pending
- 1998-07-09 WO PCT/EP1998/004259 patent/WO1999005204A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-07-09 PL PL98338236A patent/PL338236A1/xx unknown
- 1998-07-09 DE DE69818701T patent/DE69818701T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1998-07-09 CA CA002294821A patent/CA2294821A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-07-09 EP EP98942529A patent/EP1023367B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1998-07-09 SK SK87-2000A patent/SK872000A3/sk unknown
- 1998-07-09 TR TR2000/00192T patent/TR200000192T2/xx unknown
- 1998-07-24 AR ARP980103659A patent/AR016542A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-07-24 US US09/122,132 patent/US6372811B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-01 TW TW087112695A patent/TW461904B/zh active
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101896524B (zh) * | 2007-10-12 | 2014-09-24 | 霍尼韦尔国际公司 | 含有卤代烯烃作为发泡剂的聚氨酯或聚异氰脲酯泡沫的非聚硅氧烷表面活性剂 |
| US9550854B2 (en) | 2007-10-12 | 2017-01-24 | Honeywell International Inc. | Amine catalysts for polyurethane foams |
| CN106700120A (zh) * | 2007-10-12 | 2017-05-24 | 霍尼韦尔国际公司 | 用于聚氨酯泡沫的胺催化剂 |
| CN106084163A (zh) * | 2009-12-17 | 2016-11-09 | 霍尼韦尔国际公司 | 用于含有卤代烯烃发泡剂的聚氨酯泡沫多元醇预混合物的催化剂 |
| CN101928375A (zh) * | 2010-05-11 | 2010-12-29 | 上海凯耳新型建材有限公司 | 环保型聚氨酯异氰脲酸酯材料 |
| CN106700496A (zh) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-24 | 江西省东鹏鞋业有限公司 | 一种防火鞋的阻燃海绵及其制备方法 |
| CN109054716A (zh) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-12-21 | 罗国球 | 一种耐高温型防火发泡胶的制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1999005204A1 (en) | 1999-02-04 |
| US6372811B2 (en) | 2002-04-16 |
| EP1023367B1 (en) | 2003-10-01 |
| CA2294821A1 (en) | 1999-02-04 |
| PL338236A1 (en) | 2000-10-09 |
| HUP0004077A2 (en) | 2001-03-28 |
| AR016542A1 (es) | 2001-07-25 |
| AU9064398A (en) | 1999-02-16 |
| HUP0004077A3 (en) | 2001-04-28 |
| TW461904B (en) | 2001-11-01 |
| TR200000192T2 (tr) | 2000-05-22 |
| US20020013379A1 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
| BR9810784A (pt) | 2000-07-25 |
| DE69818701D1 (de) | 2003-11-06 |
| EP1023367A1 (en) | 2000-08-02 |
| SK872000A3 (en) | 2000-08-14 |
| DE69818701T2 (de) | 2004-06-17 |
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