CN113832408A - Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel and heat treatment method thereof - Google Patents
Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel and heat treatment method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel and a heat treatment method thereof, belonging to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy. The Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 10-20% of manganese, 5-10% of aluminum, less than or equal to 0.5% of carbon, less than or equal to 0.01% of phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.01% of sulfur, less than or equal to 0.001% of hydrogen, less than or equal to 0.005% of oxygen, less than or equal to 0.001% of nitrogen, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities. The heat treatment method of Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel strictly controls the temperature and time of homogenization treatment, solution treatment and aging treatment. Finally, the tensile strength of the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel is more than or equal to 700MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 550MPa, and the elongation after fracture is more than or equal to 20 percent, so that the problems of poor comprehensive performance of the existing Fe-Mn-Al-C series low-density steel, complex process for improving the performance and high cost can be effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, and relates to Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel and a heat treatment method thereof.
Background
At present, a research and development idea for realizing lightweight development is as follows: a low-density steel (low-density steel) which integrates low density and high strength and toughness is developed. The researchers point out that a certain amount of light-weight elements such as aluminum, manganese, silicon, carbon and the like are added into the steel, and a novel steel grade with low density and high strength and toughness can be obtained on the basis of optimizing alloy components and a heat treatment process, so that the self weight of the automobile can be effectively reduced on the premise of not sacrificing the strength and the rigidity of an automobile structural part. According to related researches, in the Fe-Mn-Al-C series low-density steel, when the Al content is 2.5-6.0%, the density of the steel is less than 7.5g/cm3, and the weight is reduced by 4.5%; when the Al content is 6.0-10.0%, the density of the steel can be less than 7.2g/cm3, and the weight can be reduced by more than 8.3%; when the Al content is 10.0-15.0%, the density of the steel can be less than 6.5g/cm3, and the weight loss can reach 17.2%.
The Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C low-density steel is ferrite and austenite dual-phase low-density steel, and the density is 6.99g/cm3Compared with common steel, the weight reduction effect reaches 10.4%, Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C dual-phase low-density steel has higher strength and certain ductility and toughness by separating out dispersed fine kappa-carbide in the heat treatment process, is suitable for manufacturing automobile parts, can effectively reduce the self weight of an automobile, and achieves the effect of light weight.
CN104928569A on 23.9.2015 discloses a 800 MPa-grade high-ductility low-density steel and a manufacturing method thereof, the method adopts smelting, casting, hot rolling, acid washing, cold rolling and continuous annealing processes to prepare a steel plate with the tensile strength of more than 800MPa and the elongation after fracture of more than 25%, but the comprehensive mechanical property of the low-density steel is improved by rolling deformation instead of a heat treatment method, and the low-density steel prepared by the method has a complex process, so that the production cost of low density is increased, and the use of the low-density steel in light weight is influenced.
CN104674109A on 6/3/2015 discloses a low-density Fe-Mn-Al-C cold-rolled steel plate for automobiles and a preparation method thereof, the method needs forging, hot rolling and other processes to improve the performance of the steel plate, the preparation process is complex, the comprehensive mechanical properties of the low-density steel are not improved by a heat treatment process, and the method is severely limited in light weight application.
Therefore, in order to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, it is necessary to develop a new heat treatment method for low-density Fe-Mn-Al-C system steel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing Fe-Mn-Al-C series low-density steel has poor comprehensive performance, and the existing process for improving the performance is complex and has high cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 10-20% of manganese, 5-10% of aluminum, less than or equal to 0.5% of carbon, less than or equal to 0.01% of phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.01% of sulfur, less than or equal to 0.001% of hydrogen, less than or equal to 0.005% of oxygen, less than or equal to 0.001% of nitrogen, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
The tensile strength of the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel is more than or equal to 700MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 500MPa, and the elongation after fracture is more than or equal to 20 percent.
The heat treatment method of the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel comprises the following steps: homogenizing, heating the cast Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel to 1100 ℃ and 1300 ℃, preserving the heat for 3-5h, and then cooling to room temperature in air.
The heat treatment method of the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel comprises the following steps: carrying out solid solution treatment, heating the homogenized steel to 900-1100 ℃, preserving the heat for 1-2h, and then cooling the steel to room temperature by water.
The heat treatment method of the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out aging treatment, keeping the temperature of the steel subjected to the solution treatment at 500-600 ℃ for 1-5h, and then cooling the steel to room temperature by water.
Furthermore, the temperature of the aging treatment is 550 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 h.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the homogenization treatment temperature designed by the invention is 1100-1300 ℃, the solidus temperature of the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel ingot designed by the invention is lower than or equal to the solidus temperature, and the phenomena of dendrite segregation and chemical composition non-uniformity can be eliminated in the process of slowly cooling after the ingot is kept warm for 3-5 h.
The solid solution treatment temperature adopted by the invention can ensure that alloy elements in the steel are completely dispersed and distributed in austenite and ferrite, so that the shape, the size and the distribution of each phase are in the most favorable state, and the mechanical property of the low-density steel is improved; and because the alloy designed by the invention has higher components, the combination component controls the solution treatment temperature at 900-1100 ℃, so that the dendritic segregation during ingot solidification can be further reduced, coarse primary phases can be dissolved into a matrix and then dispersed and precipitated in the aging process, and the strength of the material is improved.
Meanwhile, the aging treatment temperature of 500-600 ℃, preferably 550 ℃, is adopted, and the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel related to the invention can generate a large amount of dispersed and fine nano kappa-carbides in ferrite and austenite through aging treatment, so that the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C low-density steel has higher strength and can keep certain ductility and toughness.
The invention strictly controls the temperature and time of homogenization treatment, solid solution treatment and aging treatment of Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel, and finally leads the tensile strength of the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel to be more than or equal to 700MPa, the yield strength to be more than or equal to 550MPa and the elongation after fracture to be more than or equal to 20 percent, thus leading the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel to have good comprehensive mechanical property after heat treatment. The heat treatment method has simple steps and easy operation, and effectively reduces the heat treatment cost of the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure graph showing a metallographic structure of a sample after heat treatment in example 7 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure graph after heat treatment in example 8 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention can be specifically implemented as follows.
The Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 10-20% of manganese, 5-10% of aluminum, less than or equal to 0.5% of carbon, less than or equal to 0.01% of phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.01% of sulfur, less than or equal to 0.001% of hydrogen, less than or equal to 0.005% of oxygen, less than or equal to 0.001% of nitrogen, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
The tensile strength of the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel is more than or equal to 700MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 500MPa, and the elongation after fracture is more than or equal to 20 percent.
Because the cooling speed is high under the industrial production condition, the structure of the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel ingot after condensation is in a non-equilibrium state with different degrees, which is mainly shown as dendritic segregation, and because of the existence of the segregation, the composition difference of each part of the ingot is large, so that the phase change process generates difference, which causes the structure and the performance of a large ingot to be extremely uneven, and simultaneously generates great structural stress, and the banded structure formed by the segregation can cause the mechanical performance of the low-density steel to be seriously deteriorated.
In order to eliminate dendritic crystal segregation and zone segregation generated in the solidification process of the ingot, the components and the structure of the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel are homogenized, and the toughness of the material is improved, so that the homogenization treatment is preferably carried out, the cast Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel is heated to 1100-1300 ℃, the temperature is kept for 3-5h, and then the air cooling is carried out to the room temperature.
Because the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel designed by the invention has higher content of alloy elements and reduces defects in order to improve the performance of the low-density steel, the heat treatment method of the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel is preferably as follows: carrying out solid solution treatment, heating the homogenized steel to 900-1100 ℃, preserving the heat for 1-2h, and then cooling the steel to room temperature by water.
In order to improve the problem that the distribution of kappa-carbides precipitated during the heat treatment of Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low density steel is not uniform, and the cast Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low density steel has a large amount of massive and acicular kappa-carbides precipitated near the grain boundary after the heat treatment, and improve the comprehensive performance of the material, preferably, the heat treatment method of the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low density steel comprises the following steps: carrying out aging treatment, keeping the temperature of the steel subjected to the solution treatment at 500-600 ℃ for 1-5h, and then cooling the steel to room temperature by water; more preferably, the temperature of the aging treatment is 550 ℃ and the holding time is 3 hours.
The technical solution and effects of the present invention will be further described below by way of practical examples.
Examples
The present invention provides 8 examples using the heat treatment process of the present invention, and the low density steels used in examples 1 to 8 were ingots prepared by smelting the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferritic-austenitic dual phase low density steel composition designed according to the present invention, and the main components of the ingots were as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 main chemical composition/% of the low density steels employed in examples 1 to 8
| Element(s) | Mn | Al | C | O | N | H | P | S | Fe |
| Content (wt.) | 15.0 | 8.0 | 0.3 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.0005 | 0.008 | 0.002 | Balance of |
Selecting the smelted Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel ingot in a vacuum induction furnace, and carrying out heat treatment of different processes, wherein the specific steps are as follows, and the specific process control parameters are shown in Table 2:
a. homogenizing: heating the cast Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite two-phase low-density steel to 1100 ℃ and 1300 ℃, preserving heat for 3-5h, and then air cooling to room temperature:
b. solution treatment: heating the homogenized steel to 900-;
c. aging treatment: and (3) preserving the heat of the steel subjected to the solution treatment for 1-5h at 500-600 ℃, and then cooling the steel to room temperature by water.
Table 2 examples 1-8 heat treatment process
| Homogenizing the temperature | Time of homogenization | Solid solution temperature | Time of solid solution | Aging temperature | Aging time | |
| Example 1 | 1200℃ | 3h | 1000℃ | 2h | 500℃ | 1h |
| Example 2 | 1200℃ | 5h | 1000℃ | 2h | 500℃ | 1h |
| Example 3 | 1200℃ | 5h | 1000℃ | 1h | 500℃ | 1h |
| Example 4 | 1200℃ | 5h | 1000℃ | 2h | 500℃ | 2h |
| Example 5 | 1200℃ | 5h | 1000℃ | 2h | 500℃ | 3h |
| Example 6 | 1200℃ | 5h | 1000℃ | 2h | 500℃ | 5h |
| Example 7 | 1200℃ | 5h | 1000℃ | 2h | 550℃ | 3h |
| Example 8 | 1200℃ | 5h | 1000℃ | 2h | 550℃ | 5h |
The mechanical properties of the heat-treated samples of examples 1 to 8 are measured by making tensile test bars with a diameter of 5mm according to the current national standard GB/T228.1-2010 and measuring the mechanical properties by an MTS Landmark 370 electrohydraulic servo universal tester, and the measured mechanical properties of the examples are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 mechanical property test of examples 1 to 8
FIGS. 1 and 2 are metallographic structure diagrams of heat-treated steel of examples 7 and 8 of the present invention, and it can be seen from the diagrams that the matrix structure of the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low density steel after homogenization treatment, solution treatment and aging treatment is austenite-ferrite dual-phase, and dispersed kappa-carbides are distributed on the ferrite-austenite matrix, and these fine kappa-carbides effectively improve the toughness of the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low density steel-plastic.
As can be seen from tables 2 and 3, the mechanical properties of example 7 were higher when the aging temperature was 550 ℃ and the holding time was 3 hours.
According to the invention, through a large number of tests, the temperature and time of homogenization treatment, solution treatment and aging treatment of Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel are strictly controlled, and finally the tensile strength of the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel is more than or equal to 700MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 550MPa, and the elongation after fracture is more than or equal to 20%, so that the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel has good comprehensive mechanical properties after heat treatment.
Claims (8)
- Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 10-20% of manganese, 5-10% of aluminum, less than or equal to 0.5% of carbon, less than or equal to 0.01% of phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.01% of sulfur, less than or equal to 0.001% of hydrogen, less than or equal to 0.005% of oxygen, less than or equal to 0.001% of nitrogen, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
- 2. The Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferritic-austenitic dual phase low density steel of claim 1, characterized in that: the tensile strength of the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel is more than or equal to 700MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 500MPa, and the elongation after fracture is more than or equal to 20%.
- A heat treatment method of Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low density steel, characterized in that: homogenizing, heating the cast Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel to 1100 ℃ and 1300 ℃, preserving the heat for 3-5h, and then cooling to room temperature in air.
- 4. The heat treatment method of Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferritic-austenitic dual phase low density steel according to claim 3, characterized in that: carrying out solid solution treatment, heating the homogenized steel to 900-1100 ℃, preserving the heat for 1-2h, and then cooling the steel to room temperature by water.
- 5. The heat treatment method of Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferritic-austenitic dual phase low density steel according to claim 4, characterized in that: and (3) carrying out aging treatment, keeping the temperature of the steel subjected to the solution treatment at 500-600 ℃ for 1-5h, and then cooling the steel to room temperature by water.
- 6. The heat treatment method of Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferritic-austenitic dual phase low density steel according to claim 5, characterized in that: the temperature of the aging treatment is 550 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 h.
- 7. The method for heat-treating a Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferritic-austenitic dual phase low density steel according to claims 3 to 6, characterized in that: the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 10-20% of manganese, 5-10% of aluminum, less than or equal to 0.5% of carbon, less than or equal to 0.01% of phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.01% of sulfur, less than or equal to 0.001% of hydrogen, less than or equal to 0.005% of oxygen, less than or equal to 0.001% of nitrogen, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
- 8. The heat treatment method of Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferritic-austenitic dual phase low density steel according to claim 7, characterized in that: the tensile strength of the Fe-15Mn-8Al-0.3C ferrite-austenite dual-phase low-density steel is more than or equal to 700MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 500MPa, and the elongation after fracture is more than or equal to 20%.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115233112A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-10-25 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | A kind of austenite-based dual-phase light-weight high-strength steel and preparation method thereof |
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