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CN111987907A - A switch mode power supply circuit - Google Patents

A switch mode power supply circuit Download PDF

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CN111987907A
CN111987907A CN202010446658.0A CN202010446658A CN111987907A CN 111987907 A CN111987907 A CN 111987907A CN 202010446658 A CN202010446658 A CN 202010446658A CN 111987907 A CN111987907 A CN 111987907A
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terminal
coupled
comparator
power supply
mode power
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阮剑聪
谭润钦
P·朱
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Texas Instruments Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开一种开关模式电源电路(500),其包括反馈端子(502B)、控制电路(512)、比较器(514)和开关(516)。比较器(514)包括耦合到参考电压源(526)的第一输入端子(514A)和耦合到控制电路(512)的输入端子(512D)的输出端子(514C)。开关(516)包括耦合到反馈端子(502B)的第一端子(516A)、耦合到比较器(514)的第二输入端子(514B)的第二端子(516B)和耦合到控制电路(512)的输出端子(512C)的第三端子(516C)。

Figure 202010446658

The present application discloses a switch mode power supply circuit (500) comprising a feedback terminal (502B), a control circuit (512), a comparator (514) and a switch (516). The comparator (514) includes a first input terminal (514A) coupled to a reference voltage source (526) and an output terminal (514C) coupled to an input terminal (512D) of the control circuit (512). Switch (516) includes a first terminal (516A) coupled to feedback terminal (502B), a second terminal (516B) coupled to a second input terminal (514B) of comparator (514), and a control circuit (512) the third terminal (516C) of the output terminal (512C).

Figure 202010446658

Description

一种开关模式电源电路A switch mode power supply circuit

相关申请的交叉引用CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

本申请要求于2019年5月24日提交的题为“A DC-DC Converter with ImprovedNoise Immunity(一种具有改善的噪声抗扰性的DC-DC转换器)”的美国临时专利申请号62/852,436的优先权,该申请通过整体引用并入本文。This application claims U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/852,436, entitled "A DC-DC Converter with Improved Noise Immunity," filed May 24, 2019 of priority, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

背景技术Background technique

开关模式电源是将输入直流(DC)电源电压转换为幅度高于或低于输入DC电源电压的一个或多个DC输出电压的电子电路。生成低于输入电压的输出电压的开关模式电源称为buck转换器或降压转换器。生成高于输入电压的输出电压的开关模式电源称为boost转换器或升压转换器。A switched-mode power supply is an electronic circuit that converts an input direct current (DC) supply voltage into one or more DC output voltages that are higher or lower in magnitude than the input DC supply voltage. A switched mode power supply that generates an output voltage lower than the input voltage is called a buck converter or a buck converter. Switch-mode power supplies that generate an output voltage higher than the input voltage are called boost converters or boost converters.

一些开关模式电源拓扑包括在开关节点处耦合到能量存储电感器/变压器的驱动/功率晶体管。通过根据切换信号交替地断开和闭合开关,电能通过能量存储电感器/变压器传递到负载。传递到负载的电能量是开关的开/关占空比和切换信号频率的函数。开关模式电源被广泛用于电子设备中(尤其是诸如便携式蜂窝电话、膝上型计算机的电池供电的设备中)和其他需要有效使用功率的电子系统中。Some switch-mode power supply topologies include drive/power transistors coupled to an energy storage inductor/transformer at the switch node. By alternately opening and closing the switch according to the switching signal, electrical energy is delivered to the load through the energy storage inductor/transformer. The power delivered to the load is a function of the on/off duty cycle of the switch and the frequency of the switching signal. Switched mode power supplies are widely used in electronic devices, especially battery powered devices such as portable cellular phones, laptop computers, and other electronic systems that require efficient use of power.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本文公开一种开关模式电源电路,其通过在晶体管切换期间消隐(blanking)反馈电压来减小电路操作期间的切换噪声的不期望影响。在一个示例中,开关模式电源电路包括反馈端子、控制电路、比较器和开关。比较器包括耦合到参考电压源的第一输入端子和耦合到控制电路的输出端子。开关包括耦合到反馈端子的第一端子、耦合到比较器的第二输入端子的第二端子以及耦合到控制电路的第三端子。Disclosed herein is a switch-mode power supply circuit that reduces the undesired effects of switching noise during circuit operation by blanking the feedback voltage during transistor switching. In one example, a switched mode power supply circuit includes a feedback terminal, a control circuit, a comparator, and a switch. The comparator includes a first input terminal coupled to the reference voltage source and an output terminal coupled to the control circuit. The switch includes a first terminal coupled to the feedback terminal, a second terminal coupled to the second input terminal of the comparator, and a third terminal coupled to the control circuit.

在另一示例中,一种开关模式电源电路包括反馈端子、比较器、开关和控制电路。反馈端子被配置为接收反馈信号。比较器被配置为比较反馈信号与参考信号。开关耦合到反馈端子和比较器,并且被配置为将反馈信号从反馈端子传递到比较器。控制电路耦合到比较器,并且被配置为生成导通高侧晶体管的控制信号,以在控制信号的边沿之前断开开关,并且在控制信号的边沿之后闭合开关。In another example, a switched mode power supply circuit includes a feedback terminal, a comparator, a switch, and a control circuit. The feedback terminal is configured to receive a feedback signal. The comparator is configured to compare the feedback signal with the reference signal. A switch is coupled to the feedback terminal and the comparator, and is configured to pass a feedback signal from the feedback terminal to the comparator. The control circuit is coupled to the comparator and is configured to generate a control signal that turns on the high-side transistor to open the switch before the edge of the control signal and close the switch after the edge of the control signal.

在另一示例中,一种开关模式电源包括电感器、高侧晶体管、低侧晶体管、分压器、控制电路、比较器和开关。高侧晶体管、低侧晶体管和分压器耦合到电感器。控制电路包括耦合到高侧晶体管的第一输出端子和耦合到低侧晶体管的第二输出端子。比较器包括耦合到参考电压源的第一输入端子和耦合到控制电路的输入端子的输出端子。开关包括耦合到分压器的第一端子、耦合到比较器的第二输入端子的第二端子以及耦合到控制电路的第三输出端子的第三端子。In another example, a switch-mode power supply includes an inductor, a high-side transistor, a low-side transistor, a voltage divider, a control circuit, a comparator, and a switch. A high-side transistor, a low-side transistor, and a voltage divider are coupled to the inductor. The control circuit includes a first output terminal coupled to the high-side transistor and a second output terminal coupled to the low-side transistor. The comparator includes a first input terminal coupled to the reference voltage source and an output terminal coupled to the input terminal of the control circuit. The switch includes a first terminal coupled to the voltage divider, a second terminal coupled to the second input terminal of the comparator, and a third terminal coupled to the third output terminal of the control circuit.

在又一示例中,一种电表包括计量电路系统和开关模式电源。开关模式电源耦合到计量电路系统,并且包括电感器、高侧晶体管、低侧晶体管、分压器、控制电路、比较器和开关。高侧晶体管、低侧晶体管和分压器耦合到电感器。控制电路包括耦合到高侧晶体管的第一输出端子和耦合到低侧晶体管的第二输出端子。比较器包括耦合到参考电压源的第一输入端子和耦合到控制电路的输入端子的输出端子。开关包括耦合到分压器的第一端子、耦合到比较器的第二输入端子的第二端子以及耦合到控制电路的第三输出端子的第三端子。In yet another example, an electricity meter includes metering circuitry and a switch mode power supply. The switch-mode power supply is coupled to the metering circuitry and includes an inductor, a high-side transistor, a low-side transistor, a voltage divider, a control circuit, a comparator, and a switch. A high-side transistor, a low-side transistor, and a voltage divider are coupled to the inductor. The control circuit includes a first output terminal coupled to the high-side transistor and a second output terminal coupled to the low-side transistor. The comparator includes a first input terminal coupled to the reference voltage source and an output terminal coupled to the input terminal of the control circuit. The switch includes a first terminal coupled to the voltage divider, a second terminal coupled to the second input terminal of the comparator, and a third terminal coupled to the third output terminal of the control circuit.

附图说明Description of drawings

对于各种示例的详细描述,现在将参考附图,其中:For a detailed description of various examples, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, in which:

图1示出根据本说明书的适用于开关模式电源的集成电路封装的等距透视图;1 shows an isometric perspective view of an integrated circuit package suitable for use in a switched mode power supply in accordance with the present specification;

图2示出在开关模式电源电路中耦合到反馈电压的输出切换;Figure 2 illustrates output switching coupled to a feedback voltage in a switched mode power supply circuit;

图3示出在开关模式电源电路中由耦合到反馈电压的输出切换引起的次谐波振荡;Figure 3 illustrates subharmonic oscillations caused by output switching coupled to a feedback voltage in a switched mode power supply circuit;

图4示出示例性低通滤波器,其被应用以衰减开关模式电源电路中的耦合到反馈电压的输出切换的影响;4 illustrates an exemplary low-pass filter applied to attenuate the effects of output switching coupled to a feedback voltage in a switched-mode power supply circuit;

图5示出根据本说明书的示例性开关模式电源的框图,该示例性开关模式电源包括消隐以消除输出切换在反馈电压上的耦合;5 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary switch-mode power supply including blanking to eliminate coupling of output switching on the feedback voltage in accordance with the present specification;

图6示出当切换信号有效时间长于消隐时间时,在图5的开关模式电源中应用的消隐的示例;FIG. 6 shows an example of blanking applied in the switch mode power supply of FIG. 5 when the switching signal is active longer than the blanking time;

图7示出当切换信号有效时间短于消隐时间时,在图5的开关模式电源中应用的消隐的示例;FIG. 7 shows an example of blanking applied in the switch mode power supply of FIG. 5 when the switching signal active time is shorter than the blanking time;

图8示出当切换信号无效时间短于消隐时间时,在图5的开关模式电源中应用的消隐的示例;FIG. 8 shows an example of blanking applied in the switch mode power supply of FIG. 5 when the switching signal inactive time is shorter than the blanking time;

图9示出在图5的开关模式电源中生成的示例性信号;和FIG. 9 illustrates exemplary signals generated in the switch mode power supply of FIG. 5; and

图10示出根据本说明书的包括开关模式电源的示例性电表的框图。10 shows a block diagram of an exemplary electricity meter including a switch mode power supply in accordance with the present specification.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以降压模式操作的开关模式电源包括串联耦合在电压输入节点和接地节点之间并且接合在开关节点处的高侧晶体管和低侧晶体管。输出电路耦合到开关节点,用于基于在开关节点处生成的切换信号生成输出电压。开关模式电源还包括被配置为基于输出电压接收反馈信号的反馈节点。在操作期间,开关模式电源的控制电路生成控制信号,以相互导通和截止高侧晶体管和低侧晶体管,该控制信号在开关节点处生成切换信号。基于在开关节点处的切换信号生成的纹波电压耦合到反馈信号上。基于参考电压和反馈信号之间的差结合纹波电压生成切换信号。A switch-mode power supply operating in a buck mode includes a high-side transistor and a low-side transistor coupled in series between a voltage input node and a ground node and joined at the switch node. An output circuit is coupled to the switch node for generating an output voltage based on the switching signal generated at the switch node. The switch mode power supply also includes a feedback node configured to receive a feedback signal based on the output voltage. During operation, the control circuit of the switch mode power supply generates a control signal to mutually turn on and off the high-side transistor and the low-side transistor, the control signal generating a switching signal at the switch node. A ripple voltage generated based on the switching signal at the switch node is coupled to the feedback signal. The switching signal is generated based on the difference between the reference voltage and the feedback signal in combination with the ripple voltage.

随着集成电路和集成电路封装的变小,引脚间的间距缩小,这增加了引脚之间的寄生电容。图1示出根据本说明书的适用于开关模式电源的集成电路封装100的等距透视图。集成电路封装100包括用于将高侧晶体管和低侧晶体管耦合到电感器的引脚104以及用于接收反馈电压的引脚106。寄生电容102被示出在引脚104和引脚106之间。随着封装尺寸的减小,寄生电容102增加并且在引脚104上提供的切换信号与在引脚106处接收的反馈信号之间的耦合增加。As integrated circuits and integrated circuit packages get smaller, the pitch between pins shrinks, which increases the parasitic capacitance between the pins. FIG. 1 shows an isometric perspective view of an integrated circuit package 100 suitable for use in a switched mode power supply in accordance with the present specification. The integrated circuit package 100 includes pins 104 for coupling the high-side and low-side transistors to the inductor and pins 106 for receiving a feedback voltage. Parasitic capacitance 102 is shown between pin 104 and pin 106 . As package size decreases, parasitic capacitance 102 increases and the coupling between the switching signal provided on pin 104 and the feedback signal received at pin 106 increases.

图2示出将切换信号耦合到集成电路封装100中的反馈电压上。切换信号(未示出)以大约500kHz的频率进行切换。切换在切换信号的边沿处在反馈信号202上产生大约250毫伏的噪声。耦合到反馈信号202的切换噪声在引脚106处产生意外的电压斜坡,这引起次谐波振荡和输出电压的偏移。图3示出在开关模式电源电路中由耦合到反馈电压的输出切换引起的次谐波振荡。在图3中,电流302是在开关模式电源的电感器中流动的电流。切换信号304被提供在集成电路封装100的引脚104处,引脚104耦合到电感器。反馈信号306与开关模式电源的输出电压成比例,并且在切换信号304的边沿处包括切换噪声。基于低通滤波器之后的反馈信号306,内部反馈信号308在被设置在集成电路封装100中的电路系统的内部反馈节点处生成。示例性低通滤波器可以包括耦合到2皮法拉电容器的40千欧电阻器。即使使用低通滤波,内部反馈信号308也受到切换噪声的干扰。内部反馈信号308中的切换噪声在开关模式电源中引起次谐波振荡。FIG. 2 shows the coupling of the switching signal to the feedback voltage in the integrated circuit package 100 . The switching signal (not shown) switches at a frequency of about 500 kHz. Switching produces approximately 250 millivolts of noise on the feedback signal 202 at the edges of the switching signal. Switching noise coupled to the feedback signal 202 produces an unexpected voltage ramp at pin 106, which causes sub-harmonic oscillations and shifts in the output voltage. Figure 3 shows subharmonic oscillations caused by output switching coupled to a feedback voltage in a switched mode power supply circuit. In Figure 3, current 302 is the current flowing in the inductor of the switch mode power supply. Switching signal 304 is provided at pin 104 of integrated circuit package 100, which is coupled to the inductor. The feedback signal 306 is proportional to the output voltage of the switched mode power supply and includes switching noise at the edges of the switching signal 304 . Based on the feedback signal 306 after the low pass filter, an internal feedback signal 308 is generated at the internal feedback node of the circuitry provided in the integrated circuit package 100 . An exemplary low pass filter may include a 40 kohm resistor coupled to a 2 picofarad capacitor. Even with low pass filtering, the internal feedback signal 308 is disturbed by switching noise. Switching noise in the internal feedback signal 308 causes subharmonic oscillations in the switch mode power supply.

一些开关模式电源试图通过降低低通滤波器的转折频率来减小交叉耦合的切换噪声的影响。图4示出低通滤波器被应用以衰减开关模式电源电路中耦合到反馈电压的输出切换的影响。但是,降低低通滤波器的转折频率减小了系统带宽和瞬态性能,这在某些应用中是不可接受的。Some switch-mode power supplies attempt to reduce the effects of cross-coupled switching noise by lowering the corner frequency of the low-pass filter. Figure 4 shows that a low pass filter is applied to attenuate the effects of output switching coupled to the feedback voltage in a switched mode power supply circuit. However, lowering the corner frequency of the low-pass filter reduces system bandwidth and transient performance, which is unacceptable in some applications.

图5示出示例性开关模式电源500的框图,其包括消隐以消除耦合到反馈电压上的输出切换。开关模式电源500包括开关模式电源电路502、电感器504和分压器506。切换端子502A耦合到电感器504。电感器504耦合到分压器506,以将开关模式电源500的输出电压除以预定的除数,以产生反馈信号544。分压器506耦合到反馈端子502B,以将输出电压反馈提供给开关模式电源电路502。开关模式电源电路502可以在集成电路封装100或类似封装中实施。5 shows a block diagram of an exemplary switch mode power supply 500 that includes blanking to eliminate output switching coupled to the feedback voltage. Switch mode power supply 500 includes switch mode power supply circuit 502 , inductor 504 and voltage divider 506 . Switch terminal 502A is coupled to inductor 504 . Inductor 504 is coupled to voltage divider 506 to divide the output voltage of switched mode power supply 500 by a predetermined divisor to generate feedback signal 544 . Voltage divider 506 is coupled to feedback terminal 502B to provide output voltage feedback to switch mode power supply circuit 502 . Switched mode power supply circuit 502 may be implemented in integrated circuit package 100 or a similar package.

开关模式电源电路502包括高侧晶体管508、低侧晶体管510、控制电路512、比较器514、开关516、电容器518、电容器520、电阻器522、电阻器524、电压参考电路526和时钟发生器528。时钟发生器528耦合到控制电路512并生成时钟信号。时钟信号的激活使控制电路512去激活(deactivate)控制信号538并截止低侧晶体管510,并激活控制信号540并导通高侧晶体管508。比较器514还耦合到控制电路512。比较器514将来自分压器506的反馈与电压参考电路526生成的参考电压进行比较。比较器输出信号530的激活使控制电路512去激活控制信号540并截止高侧晶体管508,并激活控制信号538并导通低侧晶体管510。Switched mode power supply circuit 502 includes high side transistor 508 , low side transistor 510 , control circuit 512 , comparator 514 , switch 516 , capacitor 518 , capacitor 520 , resistor 522 , resistor 524 , voltage reference circuit 526 and clock generator 528 . Clock generator 528 is coupled to control circuit 512 and generates a clock signal. Activation of the clock signal causes control circuit 512 to deactivate control signal 538 and turn off low-side transistor 510 and activate control signal 540 and turn on high-side transistor 508 . Comparator 514 is also coupled to control circuit 512 . Comparator 514 compares the feedback from voltage divider 506 to a reference voltage generated by voltage reference circuit 526 . Activation of comparator output signal 530 causes control circuit 512 to deactivate control signal 540 and turn off high-side transistor 508 and activate control signal 538 and turn on low-side transistor 510 .

控制电路512包括输出端子512A和输出端子512B。输出端子512A耦合到高侧晶体管508的栅极端子508G,以经由控制信号540导通和截止高侧晶体管508。输出端子512B耦合到低侧晶体管510的栅极端子510G,以经由控制信号538导通和截止低侧晶体管510。高侧晶体管508的漏极端子508D耦合到电源轨532,并且高侧晶体管508的源极端子508S耦合到切换端子502A,以当高侧晶体管508导通时提供充电电流到电感器504。低侧晶体管510的漏极端子510D耦合到切换端子502A,并且低侧晶体管510的源极端子510S耦合到公共电压源534(诸如地),以当低侧晶体管510导通时使电感器504放电。The control circuit 512 includes an output terminal 512A and an output terminal 512B. Output terminal 512A is coupled to gate terminal 508G of high-side transistor 508 to turn high-side transistor 508 on and off via control signal 540 . Output terminal 512B is coupled to gate terminal 510G of low-side transistor 510 to turn low-side transistor 510 on and off via control signal 538 . Drain terminal 508D of high-side transistor 508 is coupled to power rail 532, and source terminal 508S of high-side transistor 508 is coupled to switching terminal 502A to provide charging current to inductor 504 when high-side transistor 508 is on. The drain terminal 510D of the low-side transistor 510 is coupled to the switching terminal 502A, and the source terminal 510S of the low-side transistor 510 is coupled to a common voltage source 534 (such as ground) to discharge the inductor 504 when the low-side transistor 510 conducts .

比较器514包括耦合到控制电路512的输入端子512D的输出端子514C,用于提供参考信号552与反馈信号544比较的结果。比较器514还包括经由电阻器522耦合到电压参考电路526的输入端子514A,以接收参考信号552以与反馈信号544进行比较。电阻器522包括耦合到电压参考电路526的端子522A以及耦合到比较器514的的输入端子514A的端子522B,用于提供参考信号552(其从电压参考电路526的输出导出到比较器514)。电阻器524包括耦合到比较器514的输入端子514A的端子524A和耦合到参考电压源(诸如用于与电阻器522一起设置参考信号522的电压的地)的端子524B。比较器514的输入端子514B经由开关516耦合到分压器506。输入端子514B耦合到开关516的端子516B,用于当开关516闭合时接收反馈信号544。开关516的端子516A经由反馈端子502B耦合到分压器506,用于将反馈信号544提供给开关516和比较器514。开关516的端子516C耦合到控制电路512的输出端子512C,用于相对于由控制电路512生成的控制信号538和控制信号540的边沿断开和闭合开关516。由控制电路512生成的消隐控制信号536控制开关516。Comparator 514 includes an output terminal 514C coupled to input terminal 512D of control circuit 512 for providing the result of comparing reference signal 552 with feedback signal 544 . Comparator 514 also includes an input terminal 514A coupled to voltage reference circuit 526 via resistor 522 to receive reference signal 552 for comparison with feedback signal 544 . Resistor 522 includes a terminal 522A coupled to voltage reference circuit 526 and a terminal 522B coupled to input terminal 514A of comparator 514 for providing reference signal 552 (derived from the output of voltage reference circuit 526 to comparator 514). Resistor 524 includes a terminal 524A coupled to input terminal 514A of comparator 514 and a terminal 524B coupled to a reference voltage source, such as ground for working with resistor 522 to set the voltage of reference signal 522 . Input terminal 514B of comparator 514 is coupled to voltage divider 506 via switch 516 . Input terminal 514B is coupled to terminal 516B of switch 516 for receiving feedback signal 544 when switch 516 is closed. Terminal 516A of switch 516 is coupled to voltage divider 506 via feedback terminal 502B for providing feedback signal 544 to switch 516 and comparator 514 . Terminal 516C of switch 516 is coupled to output terminal 512C of control circuit 512 for opening and closing switch 516 with respect to edges of control signal 538 and control signal 540 generated by control circuit 512 . Blanking control signal 536 generated by control circuit 512 controls switch 516 .

电容器518耦合到比较器514和开关516,并且当开关516闭合时,电容器518两端的电压跟随反馈端子502B处的电压。电容器518包括耦合到地的端子518B和耦合到比较器514的输入端子514B和开关516的端子516B的端子518A,以当开关516闭合时跟踪反馈信号544的电压,并且当开关516断开时保持反馈信号544的电压。Capacitor 518 is coupled to comparator 514 and switch 516, and when switch 516 is closed, the voltage across capacitor 518 follows the voltage at feedback terminal 502B. The capacitor 518 includes a terminal 518B coupled to ground and a terminal 518A coupled to the input terminal 514B of the comparator 514 and the terminal 516B of the switch 516 to track the voltage of the feedback signal 544 when the switch 516 is closed, and hold when the switch 516 is open The voltage of the feedback signal 544 .

电容器520耦合到比较器514的输入端子514A和输入端子514B,并且与电阻器522和电阻器524一起形成低通滤波器电路。电容器520的端子520A耦合到比较器514的输入端子514A,并且电容器520的端子520B耦合到比较器514的输入端子514B,以提供用于在比较器514的输入端子514A和输入端子514B之间的高频信号的路径。低通滤波器电路的极点频率定义为:Capacitor 520 is coupled to input terminal 514A and input terminal 514B of comparator 514 and together with resistor 522 and resistor 524 form a low pass filter circuit. Terminal 520A of capacitor 520 is coupled to input terminal 514A of comparator 514 , and terminal 520B of capacitor 520 is coupled to input terminal 514B of comparator 514 to provide for a connection between input terminal 514A and input terminal 514B of comparator 514 . path for high frequency signals. The pole frequency of the low pass filter circuit is defined as:

Figure BDA0002506141930000051
Figure BDA0002506141930000051

其中:in:

R1是电阻器522的电阻;R1 is the resistance of resistor 522;

R2是电阻器524的电阻;并且R2 is the resistance of resistor 524 ; and

CC是电容器520的电容。C C is the capacitance of capacitor 520 .

在高侧晶体管508或低侧晶体管510在导通状态和截止状态之间转换时,控制电路512去激活消隐控制信号536以断开开关516。例如,控制电路512在去激活控制信号540之前去激活消隐控制信号536,并且在随后激活控制信号538之后激活消隐控制信号536。类似地,控制电路512在去激活控制信号538之前去激活消隐控制信号536,并且在随后激活控制信号540之后激活消隐控制信号536。由于在切换端子502A处的转变期间开关516是断开的,所以在比较器514的输入端子514B处不存在由转变在反馈端子502B处诱导的噪声。在开关516断开时,电容器518在比较器514的输入端子514B处提供反馈信号544的采样。在502的一些实施方式中,栅极驱动器电路548和栅极驱动器电路550中的延迟可以确保在切换信号542的转变之前开关516是断开的。例如,如果在去激活消隐控制信号536的同时激活控制信号540,则由于栅极驱动器电路548中的延迟,开关516可以在切换高侧晶体管508之前断开。The control circuit 512 deactivates the blanking control signal 536 to open the switch 516 when the high-side transistor 508 or the low-side transistor 510 transitions between the on state and the off state. For example, control circuit 512 deactivates blanking control signal 536 before deactivating control signal 540 and activates blanking control signal 536 after subsequently deactivating control signal 538 . Similarly, control circuit 512 deactivates blanking control signal 536 before deactivating control signal 538 and activates blanking control signal 536 after subsequent activation of control signal 540 . Since the switch 516 is open during the transition at the switching terminal 502A, there is no noise at the input terminal 514B of the comparator 514 induced by the transition at the feedback terminal 502B. When switch 516 is open, capacitor 518 provides a sample of feedback signal 544 at input terminal 514B of comparator 514 . In some embodiments of 502 , delays in gate driver circuit 548 and gate driver circuit 550 may ensure that switch 516 is open prior to the transition of switching signal 542 . For example, if control signal 540 is activated at the same time blanking control signal 536 is deactivated, switch 516 may be turned off before switching high-side transistor 508 due to delays in gate driver circuit 548 .

图6示出当切换信号542的有效时间长于消隐时间时在开关模式电源500中应用的消隐的示例。在602处,控制电路512去激活消隐控制信号536以断开开关516。在开关516断开之后,在610处,控制电路512截止低侧晶体管510并导通高侧晶体管508以在切换端子502A处激活切换信号542。在602之后的预定消隐时间间隔(Tblk)(在由610处的切换信号542的转变在反馈端子502B处诱导的噪声已经稳定之后),控制电路512在604处激活消隐控制信号536以闭合开关516。FIG. 6 shows an example of blanking applied in switch mode power supply 500 when switching signal 542 is active for longer than the blanking time. At 602 , the control circuit 512 deactivates the blanking control signal 536 to open the switch 516 . After switch 516 is opened, control circuit 512 turns off low-side transistor 510 and turns on high-side transistor 508 to activate switching signal 542 at switching terminal 502A at 610 . After a predetermined blanking time interval (Tblk) at 602 (after the noise induced at feedback terminal 502B by the transition of switching signal 542 at 610 has settled), control circuit 512 activates blanking control signal 536 at 604 to close switch 516.

在606处,控制电路512去激活消隐控制信号536以断开开关516。在开关516断开之后,在612处,控制电路512截止高侧晶体管508并导通低侧晶体管510以去激活切换端子502A处的切换信号542。在606之后的预定消隐时间间隔(在由612处的切换信号542的转变在反馈端子502B处诱导的噪声已经稳定之后),控制电路512在608处激活消隐控制信号536以闭合开关516。At 606 , the control circuit 512 deactivates the blanking control signal 536 to open the switch 516 . After switch 516 is opened, at 612 , control circuit 512 turns off high-side transistor 508 and turns on low-side transistor 510 to deactivate switching signal 542 at switching terminal 502A. After a predetermined blanking time interval following 606 (after the noise induced at feedback terminal 502B by the transition of switching signal 542 at 612 has settled), control circuit 512 activates blanking control signal 536 at 608 to close switch 516 .

图7示出当切换信号542的有效时间短于消隐时间时在开关模式电源500中应用的消隐的示例。在702处,控制电路512去激活消隐控制信号536以断开开关516。在开关516断开之后,在706处,控制电路512截止低侧晶体管510并导通高侧晶体管508以激活切换端子502A处的切换信号542。在708处,控制电路512截止高侧晶体管508并导通低侧晶体管510以去激活切换端子502A处的切换信号542。在708之后的预定消隐时间间隔(在由706和708处的切换信号542的转换在反馈端子502B处诱导的噪声已经稳定之后),控制电路512在704处激活消隐控制信号536以闭合开关516。FIG. 7 shows an example of blanking applied in the switched mode power supply 500 when the active time of the switching signal 542 is shorter than the blanking time. At 702 , the control circuit 512 deactivates the blanking control signal 536 to open the switch 516 . After switch 516 is opened, control circuit 512 turns off low-side transistor 510 and turns on high-side transistor 508 to activate switching signal 542 at switching terminal 502A at 706 . At 708, control circuit 512 turns off high-side transistor 508 and turns on low-side transistor 510 to deactivate switching signal 542 at switching terminal 502A. After a predetermined blanking time interval following 708 (after the noise induced at feedback terminal 502B by the transitions of switching signal 542 at 706 and 708 has settled), control circuit 512 activates blanking control signal 536 at 704 to close the switch 516.

图8示出当切换信号542的无效时间短于消隐时间时在开关模式电源500中应用的消隐的示例。在802处,控制电路512去激活消隐控制信号536以断开开关516。在开关516断开之后,在806处,控制电路512截止高侧晶体管508并导通低侧晶体管510以去激活切换端子502A处的切换信号542。在808处,控制电路512截止低侧晶体管510并导通高侧晶体管508,以激活切换端子502A处的切换信号542。在808之后的预定消隐时间间隔(在由806和808处的切换信号542的转换在反馈端子502B处诱导的噪声已经稳定之后),控制电路512在804处激活消隐控制信号536以闭合开关516。FIG. 8 shows an example of blanking applied in the switched mode power supply 500 when the inactive time of the switching signal 542 is shorter than the blanking time. At 802 , the control circuit 512 deactivates the blanking control signal 536 to open the switch 516 . After switch 516 is opened, control circuit 512 turns off high-side transistor 508 and turns on low-side transistor 510 to deactivate switching signal 542 at switching terminal 502A at 806 . At 808, control circuit 512 turns off low-side transistor 510 and turns on high-side transistor 508 to activate switching signal 542 at switching terminal 502A. After a predetermined blanking time interval following 808 (after the noise induced at feedback terminal 502B by the transitions of switching signal 542 at 806 and 808 has settled), control circuit 512 activates blanking control signal 536 at 804 to close the switch 516.

在图6至图8的示例中,消隐时间间隔的长度是基于反馈端子502B处的反馈信号的建立时间确定的。例如,消隐时间间隔可以长于反馈端子502B处的反馈信号的建立时间,并且足够短以确保可以在开关模式电源500的单个周期中感测到反馈信号。In the example of FIGS. 6-8, the length of the blanking time interval is determined based on the settling time of the feedback signal at feedback terminal 502B. For example, the blanking time interval can be longer than the settling time of the feedback signal at the feedback terminal 502B, and short enough to ensure that the feedback signal can be sensed in a single cycle of the switched mode power supply 500 .

图9示出在开关模式电源500中生成的示例信号。在902处,控制电路512去激活消隐控制信号536以断开开关516。在开关516断开之后,在904处,控制电路512截止低侧晶体管510并导通高侧晶体管508,以激活切换端子502A处的切换信号542。在高侧晶体管508导通时(在间隔922中),电感器504中的电流902增加。在904之后的预定消隐时间间隔(在由904处的切换信号542的转变在反馈端子502B处的反馈信号544中诱导的噪声瞬态914已经稳定之后),控制电路512在906处激活消隐控制信号536,以闭合开关516。FIG. 9 shows example signals generated in switch mode power supply 500 . At 902 , the control circuit 512 deactivates the blanking control signal 536 to open the switch 516 . After switch 516 is opened, control circuit 512 turns off low-side transistor 510 and turns on high-side transistor 508 at 904 to activate switching signal 542 at switching terminal 502A. When high-side transistor 508 is on (in interval 922), current 902 in inductor 504 increases. After a predetermined blanking time interval following 904 (after the noise transient 914 induced in the feedback signal 544 at the feedback terminal 502B by the transition of the switching signal 542 at 904 has settled), the control circuit 512 activates blanking at 906 Control signal 536 to close switch 516 .

在908处,控制电路512去激活消隐控制信号536以断开开关516。在开关516断开之后,在910处,控制电路512截止高侧晶体管508并导通低侧晶体管510,以去激活切换端子502A处的切换信号542。在910之后的预定消隐时间间隔(在由910处的切换信号542的转变在反馈端子502B处诱导的噪声瞬态916已经稳定之后),控制电路512在912处激活消隐控制信号536以闭合开关516。At 908 , the control circuit 512 deactivates the blanking control signal 536 to open the switch 516 . After switch 516 is opened, control circuit 512 turns off high-side transistor 508 and turns on low-side transistor 510 at 910 to deactivate switching signal 542 at switching terminal 502A. After a predetermined blanking time interval after 910 (after the noise transient 916 induced at the feedback terminal 502B by the transition of the switching signal 542 at 910 has settled), the control circuit 512 activates the blanking control signal 536 at 912 to close switch 516.

因为当在反馈端子502B处存在噪声瞬态914和噪声瞬态916时开关516是断开的,所以在比较器514的输入端子514B处的内部反馈电压546上不存在噪声瞬态914和噪声瞬态916。差信号924表示比较器514的输入端子514A处的参考信号552与比较器514的输入端子514B处的内部反馈电压546的差。在差信号924中,在间隔918中,噪声瞬态914不存在,并且在间隔920中,噪声瞬态916不存在。因此,噪声瞬态914和噪声瞬态916在开关模式电源500中不引起次谐波振荡。此外,印刷电路板和地之间的接地噪声引起的寄生电感被衰减,开关模式电源电路502安装在该印刷电路板上。Because switch 516 is open when noise transient 914 and noise transient 916 are present at feedback terminal 502B, there is no noise transient 914 and noise transient on internal feedback voltage 546 at input terminal 514B of comparator 514 State 916. Difference signal 924 represents the difference between reference signal 552 at input terminal 514A of comparator 514 and internal feedback voltage 546 at input terminal 514B of comparator 514 . In difference signal 924, in interval 918, noise transient 914 is absent, and in interval 920, noise transient 916 is absent. Therefore, noise transient 914 and noise transient 916 do not cause subharmonic oscillations in switched mode power supply 500 . In addition, parasitic inductance caused by ground noise between the printed circuit board and the ground on which the switch mode power supply circuit 502 is mounted is attenuated.

本文描述的开关模式电源控制电路系统提供了优于其他解决方案的许多优点。开关模式电源电路502的消隐和滤波电路系统实施起来相对简单,并且有效地滤波了由切换信号542的转变引起的反馈信号544中的干扰,并且在瞬态噪声不存在时感测未受干扰的反馈信号544。开关模式电源电路502不通过降低应用到反馈信号的低通滤波器的转折频率来牺牲瞬态性能。因为当开关516断开时(在消隐时间期间)内部反馈电压546是静态的,所以改善了抖动性能。即使在不是最佳印刷电路板(PCB)布线和采用小的集成电路封装的实施方式中,500的实施方式也是稳定的,这允许灵活的封装和PCB布线。The switch-mode power supply control circuitry described herein offers many advantages over other solutions. The blanking and filtering circuitry of the switched mode power supply circuit 502 is relatively simple to implement and effectively filters disturbances in the feedback signal 544 caused by transitions in the switching signal 542 and senses undisturbed in the absence of transient noise feedback signal 544. The switched mode power supply circuit 502 does not sacrifice transient performance by reducing the corner frequency of the low pass filter applied to the feedback signal. Jitter performance is improved because the internal feedback voltage 546 is static when the switch 516 is open (during the blanking time). The embodiment of 500 is stable even in embodiments that are not optimal printed circuit board (PCB) routing and employ small integrated circuit packages, which allows for flexible packaging and PCB routing.

图10示出根据本说明书的包括开关模式电源的示例性电表1000的框图。电表1000是一种智能电表,其测量从主电源汲取的交流电流,并将测量结果通信到电力供应商。电表1000包括AC/DC转换器1002、电池电路系统1004、DC/DC转换器1006、计量电路系统1008、处理器1010、用户接口电路系统1012和通信电路系统1014。AC/DC转换器1002包括将从主电源接收的交流电压转换为直流电压的电路系统。电池电路系统1004包括电池和切换电路系统,以将电池或AC/DC转换器1002的输出切换到DC/DC转换器1006。10 shows a block diagram of an exemplary electricity meter 1000 including a switch mode power supply in accordance with the present specification. The electricity meter 1000 is a smart electricity meter that measures the alternating current drawn from the mains power supply and communicates the measurement to the electricity provider. Electricity meter 1000 includes AC/DC converter 1002 , battery circuitry 1004 , DC/DC converter 1006 , metering circuitry 1008 , processor 1010 , user interface circuitry 1012 , and communication circuitry 1014 . AC/DC converter 1002 includes circuitry to convert AC voltage received from a mains power source to DC voltage. The battery circuitry 1004 includes a battery and switching circuitry to switch the output of the battery or AC/DC converter 1002 to the DC/DC converter 1006 .

DC/DC转换器1006从电池电路系统1004接收的DC电压生成一个或多个DC电压,该DC电压为计量电路系统1008、处理器1010、用户接口电路系统1012和通信电路系统1014供电。计量电路系统1008包括诸如电流传感器和模数转换器的电路系统,该电路系统测量通过耦合到电表1000的电气装置从交流主电源汲取的交流电流。计量电路系统1008将电流测量值传递给处理器1010。处理器1010包括微控制器或其他指令执行设备,其存储测量值和/或经由通信电路系统1014和/或用户接口电路系统1012通信测量值。用户接口电路系统1012可以包括诸如液晶显示器的显示设备和诸如键盘的输入设备。通信电路系统1014包括有线(通用串行总线、RS-232等)和/或无线通信电路系统,其允许处理器1010将测量值和其他信息通信到电力提供商。The DC/DC converter 1006 generates one or more DC voltages from the DC voltage received by the battery circuitry 1004 that power the metering circuitry 1008 , the processor 1010 , the user interface circuitry 1012 , and the communication circuitry 1014 . Metering circuitry 1008 includes circuitry such as current sensors and analog-to-digital converters that measure AC current drawn from the AC mains by electrical devices coupled to electricity meter 1000 . The metering circuitry 1008 communicates the current measurement to the processor 1010 . Processor 1010 includes a microcontroller or other instruction execution device that stores and/or communicates measurements via communication circuitry 1014 and/or user interface circuitry 1012 . User interface circuitry 1012 may include a display device such as a liquid crystal display and an input device such as a keyboard. Communication circuitry 1014 includes wired (Universal Serial Bus, RS-232, etc.) and/or wireless communication circuitry that allows processor 1010 to communicate measurements and other information to the power provider.

DC/DC转换器1006包括开关模式电源500的实施方式。被包括在开关模式电源电路502中的反馈消隐电路系统允许减小集成电路封装的尺寸,在消除次谐波振荡又不牺牲瞬态性能的同时,这减小了电表1000的尺寸和成本。因此,DC/DC转换器1006可以快速响应负载电流的变化。因为DC/DC转换器1006不受从切换信号542耦合到反馈信号544的瞬态的影响,所以可以简化DC/DC转换器1006中的PCB布线和电表1000的封装。DC/DC converter 1006 includes an embodiment of switch mode power supply 500 . The feedback blanking circuitry included in the switch mode power supply circuit 502 allows for a reduction in the size of the integrated circuit package, which reduces the size and cost of the power meter 1000 while eliminating subharmonic oscillations without sacrificing transient performance. Therefore, the DC/DC converter 1006 can quickly respond to changes in the load current. Because the DC/DC converter 1006 is not affected by transients coupled from the switching signal 542 to the feedback signal 544, PCB routing in the DC/DC converter 1006 and packaging of the electricity meter 1000 can be simplified.

在整个说明书中使用术语“耦合”。该术语可以涵盖实现与本公开的描述一致的功能关系的连接、通信或信号路径。例如,如果设备A生成信号以控制设备B执行动作,则在第一示例中,设备A通过直接连接耦合到设备B,或在第二示例中,如果中间组件C不更改设备A与设备B之间的功能关系,使得设备A经由设备A生成的控制信号控制设备B,则设备A通过中间组件C耦合到设备B。The term "coupled" is used throughout the specification. The term may encompass the connections, communications, or signal paths that achieve functional relationships consistent with the description of the present disclosure. For example, if device A generates a signal to control device B to perform an action, then in the first example, device A is coupled to device B by a direct connection, or in the second example, if intermediate component C does not alter the relationship between device A and device B The functional relationship between the two is such that device A controls device B via a control signal generated by device A, and device A is coupled to device B through intermediate component C.

在权利要求的范围内,在所描述的实施例中可以进行修改,并且其他实施例也是可能的。Modifications may be made in the described embodiments, and other embodiments are possible, within the scope of the claims.

Claims (21)

1. A switched mode power supply circuit, comprising:
a feedback terminal;
a control circuit;
a comparator, comprising:
a first input terminal coupled to a reference voltage source; and
an output terminal coupled to an input terminal of the control circuit; and
a switch, comprising:
a first terminal coupled to the feedback terminal;
a second terminal coupled to a second input terminal of the comparator; and
a third terminal coupled to an output terminal of the control circuit.
2. The switched mode power supply circuit of claim 1, further comprising: a capacitor, comprising:
a first terminal coupled to the first input terminal of the comparator; and
a second terminal coupled to the second input terminal of the comparator.
3. The switched mode power supply circuit of claim 2, further comprising: a resistor, comprising:
a first terminal coupled to the reference voltage source; and
a second terminal coupled to the first terminal of the comparator.
4. The switched mode power supply circuit of claim 3, wherein:
the resistor is a first resistor; and is
The switched mode power supply circuit further comprises:
a second resistor, comprising:
a first terminal coupled to the first terminal of the comparator; and
a second terminal coupled to a common voltage source.
5. The switched mode power supply circuit of claim 1, further comprising: a capacitor, comprising:
a first terminal coupled to the second input terminal of the comparator; and
a second terminal coupled to a common voltage source.
6. The switched mode power supply circuit of claim 1, further comprising:
a switching terminal;
a high-side transistor, comprising:
a first terminal coupled to the control circuit;
a second terminal coupled to a power rail; and
a third terminal coupled to the switching terminal; and
a low-side transistor comprising:
a first terminal coupled to the control circuit;
a second terminal coupled to the switching terminal; and
a third terminal coupled to a common voltage source.
7. The switched mode power supply circuit of claim 6, wherein the control circuit is configured to:
generating a control signal to control the high-side transistor;
opening the switch before an edge of the control signal; and is
Closing the switch after the edge of the control signal.
8. The switched mode power supply circuit of claim 7, wherein:
the control signal is a first control signal; and is
The control circuit is configured to:
generating a second control signal that controls the low-side transistor;
opening the switch before an edge of the second control signal; and is
Closing the switch after the edge of the second control signal.
9. The switched mode power supply circuit of claim 8, wherein the control circuit is configured to:
opening the switch before the edge of the first control signal; and is
Closing the switch after the edge of the second control signal.
10. A switched mode power supply circuit, comprising:
a feedback terminal configured to receive a feedback signal;
a comparator configured to compare the feedback signal with a reference signal;
a switch coupled to the feedback terminal and the comparator and configured to pass the feedback signal from the feedback terminal to the comparator; and
a control circuit coupled to the comparator and configured to:
generating a control signal to turn on the high-side transistor; and is
Opening the switch before an edge of the control signal; and is
Closing the switch after the edge of the control signal.
11. The switched mode power supply circuit of claim 10, wherein:
the control signal is a first control signal; and is
The control circuit is configured to:
generating a second control signal that turns on a low-side transistor; and is
Opening the switch before an edge of the second control signal; and is
Closing the switch after the edge of the second control signal.
12. The switched mode power supply circuit of claim 11, wherein the control circuit is configured to:
opening the switch before the edge of the first control signal; and is
Closing the switch after the edge of the second control signal.
13. The switched mode power supply circuit of claim 10, further comprising a filter circuit configured to attenuate noise on the feedback signal.
14. The switched mode power supply circuit of claim 13, wherein the filter circuit comprises:
a capacitor coupled to a first input of the comparator and a second input of the comparator;
a first resistor coupled to the first input of the comparator and a reference voltage source; and
a second resistor coupled to the first input of the comparator and a common voltage source.
15. The switched mode power supply circuit of claim 10, further comprising a capacitor coupled to the comparator and a reference voltage source and configured to provide a sample of the feedback signal to the comparator when the switch is open.
16. A switched mode power supply, comprising:
an inductor;
a high-side transistor coupled to the inductor;
a low side transistor coupled to the inductor;
a voltage divider coupled to the inductor;
a control circuit, comprising:
a first output terminal coupled to the high-side transistor; and
a second output terminal coupled to the low-side transistor;
a comparator, comprising:
a first input terminal coupled to a reference voltage source; and
an output terminal coupled to an input terminal of the control circuit; and
a switch, comprising:
a first terminal coupled to the voltage divider;
a second terminal coupled to a second input terminal of the comparator; and
a third terminal coupled to a third output terminal of the control circuit.
17. The switched mode power supply of claim 16, further comprising:
a capacitor, comprising:
a first terminal coupled to the second input terminal of the comparator; and
a second terminal coupled to a common voltage source.
18. The switched mode power supply of claim 16, further comprising:
a capacitor, comprising:
a first terminal coupled to the first input terminal of the comparator; and
a second terminal coupled to the second input terminal of the comparator.
19. The switched mode power supply of claim 18, further comprising:
a resistor, comprising:
a first terminal coupled to the reference voltage source; and
a second terminal coupled to the first terminal of the comparator.
20. The switched mode power supply of claim 19, wherein:
the resistor is a first resistor; and is
The switched mode power supply further comprises:
a second resistor, comprising:
a first terminal coupled to the first terminal of the comparator; and
a second terminal coupled to a common voltage source.
21. An electricity meter, comprising:
a metering circuitry; and
a switched mode power supply coupled to the metering circuitry and comprising:
an inductor;
a high-side transistor coupled to the inductor;
a low side transistor coupled to the inductor;
a voltage divider coupled to the inductor;
a control circuit, comprising:
a first output terminal coupled to the high-side transistor; and
a second output terminal coupled to the low-side transistor;
a comparator, comprising:
a first input terminal coupled to a reference voltage source; and
an output terminal coupled to an input terminal of the control circuit; and a switch, comprising:
a first terminal coupled to the voltage divider;
a second terminal coupled to a second input terminal of the comparator; and
a third terminal coupled to a third output terminal of the control circuit.
CN202010446658.0A 2019-05-24 2020-05-25 A switch mode power supply circuit Pending CN111987907A (en)

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US201962852436P 2019-05-24 2019-05-24
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US16/654,132 2019-10-16
US16/654,132 US11463002B2 (en) 2019-05-24 2019-10-16 Switch-mode power supply circuit

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US20090147548A1 (en) * 2007-12-07 2009-06-11 Yuan-Wen Chang Control circuit for adjusting leading edge blanking time and power converting system using the same control circuit
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