CN111826977A - 一种锦纶56与蛋白质纤维混纺织物的酸性印花方法 - Google Patents
一种锦纶56与蛋白质纤维混纺织物的酸性印花方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种锦纶56纤维与蛋白质纤维混纺织物的酸性印花方法。该方法包括下述步骤:采用酸性染料、中性染料和活性染料对被染物进行印花、后处理得到印花样品;其中,所述被染物为锦纶56纤维与蛋白质纤维形成的混纺织物或无纺布。该方法可实现一套染料低温快速印花混纺织物,印花后织物色泽鲜艳,色谱齐全,染色牢度好,本发明工艺简单,能耗低,花型清晰、染透性好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纺织染整领域,涉及一种锦纶56纤维与蛋白质纤维混纺织物的酸性快速印花方法。
背景技术
聚酰胺纤维,在我国又称锦纶,是世界上出现的第一种合成纤维,它的品种很多,但分子结构中都含有一个相同的酰胺基,一般常用的品种有锦纶6为聚己内酰胺,锦纶66为己二胺与己二酸聚合而成,锦纶56是一种新型的聚酰胺纤维,与锦纶66使用石油原料不同,它使用的原料是生物原料,通过生物工程方法从各类淀粉和秸秆纤维素中发酵制备戊二胺,由于大批量、低成本,故可以代替己二胺。生物基纤维具有绿色、环境友好、原料可再生以及生物降解等优良特性,有助于解决当前全球经济社会发展所面临的严重的资源和能源短缺,以及环境污染等问题。
羊毛、蚕丝以及其他天然和再生蛋白质纤维都是亲水性纤维,其氨基和羧基可分别以-NH+和-COO-离子形式,与阴离子或阳离子染料结合,还能与活性染料形成共价键结合。蛋白质纤维不耐碱,染色宜在酸性或近中性染液中进行。
酸性染料一般都是芳香族的磺酸钠盐,含有磺酸基、羟基等基团,少数为羧酸钠盐在水中电离成色素酸阴离子,能与纤维上的氨基或酰胺基相结合,故能用于毛、丝等蛋白质纤维和聚酰胺(锦纶)类合成纤维的染色。中性染料(1:2型酸性含媒染料)是由两个染料分子和一个金属原子络合而成,其染色原理与中性浴染色的酸性染料相同,在微酸及中性介质中染色羊毛、蚕丝、锦纶等。染色时,染料和纤维之间的结合主要是离子键、分子间力和氢键产生作用。
锦纶与羊毛混纺织物中两种组分的染色性能不同,通常采用两步法染色,以防产生染色不匀、色差等情况。两步法染色能耗较高,染色时间长,水电消耗大,成本高。因此,研究一种锦纶56纤维与蛋白纤维混纺织物低温一步快速印花方法具有重要的现实意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种锦纶56纤维与蛋白质纤维混纺织物的酸性快速印花方法,具有温度低,时间短,染色效果好,节能减排等优点。
本发明所提供的锦纶56纤维与蛋白质纤维混纺织物的酸性快速印花方法,包括下述步骤:采用酸性染料、中性染料或活性染料对被染物进行印花,得到印花样品;
其中,所述被染物为锦纶56纤维与蛋白质纤维形成的混纺织物或无纺布。
本发明中所述混纺织物包括织造物或非织造物,所述织造物包括机织物和针织物。
所述机织物是指两系统(或方向)的纱线互相垂直,并按一定的规律交织而形成的织物。
所述针织物形成方式不同于机织物,它根据生产方式的不同,可分为纬编针织物和经编针织物。
所述无纺布又称为不织布,是将纺织短纤维或者长丝进行定向或随机排列,形成纤网结构,然后采用机械、热粘或化学等方法加固而成。
所述被染物中锦纶56纤维的质量百分比为10%-90%,优选为45%-65%。
所述锦纶56纤维的端基含量有如下要求:
所述锦纶56纤维的端氨基的含量可为20~80mol/106gr,优选20~60mol/106gr,更优选45~55mol/106gr;
所述锦纶56纤维的端羧基的含量可为50~110mol/106gr,优选60~90mol/106gr,更优选65~75mol/106gr。
所述锦纶56纤维的结晶度可为30~70%,优选45~65%,更优选50~65%。
所述锦纶56纤维可由熔体直接纺丝法或熔体间歇纺丝法制备得到。
调节锦纶56盐水溶液的pH值为7.5~8.5,优选7.5~8.0;
调节牵伸倍数为1.1~5倍,以实现结晶度的调节。
所述蛋白质纤维包括动物蛋白质纤维和植物蛋白质纤维,所述动物蛋白质纤维,例如,羊毛、兔毛、蚕丝、酪素蛋白纤维、蚕蛹蛋白纤维、珍珠蛋白纤维或牛奶蛋白纤维;植物蛋白质纤维,例如,花生蛋白纤维、玉米蛋白纤维、大豆蛋白纤维或其组合。
本发明采用的印花方式为平网印花或圆网印花。
具体地,所述印花包括如下步骤:
采用染料、印花糊料、印花助剂、染色助剂和水配制印花色浆;采用所述印花色浆对所述被染物进行印花,然后经烘干、蒸化和后处理即可;
所述染料为所述酸性染料、所述中性染料或所述活性染料。
上述的快速印花方法中,所述印花色浆的质量百分比组成如下:
染料1~5%;
印花糊料3~80%;
印花助剂0.5~10%;
染色助剂0.1~5%;
余量为水;
所述印花色浆的pH值为3~7,具体可为4.5、5.5或6。
所述印花色浆的质量百分比组成可为下述任一种:
1)染料2~3%,印花糊料5~70%,印花助剂5.2~8%,染色助剂4%~8%,余量的水;
2)染料2%,印花糊料70%,印花助剂8%,染色助剂4%,余量的水;
3)染料2%,印花糊料60%,印花助剂5.2%,染色助剂8%,余量的水;
4)染料3%,印花糊料5%,印花助剂5.3%,染色助剂5%,余量的水。
上述的快速印花方法中,所述印花糊料为印花增稠剂,具体可为瓜尔胶、海藻酸钠、木薯粉、羧甲基纤维素(CMC糊)或增稠剂FS-80N;
采用所述酸性染料或所述中性染料印花时的所述印花助剂可为尿素和/或硫酸铵;
采用所述活性染料印花时的所述印花助剂可为尿素、防染盐S、碳酸钠和/或碳酸氢钠。
上述快速印花方法中,所述染色助剂包括pH调节剂、锦纶染色速率调节剂和蛋白质纤维染色速率调节剂。
采用所述pH值调节剂调节印花色浆的pH值,所述pH值调节剂可为:酸、碱、酸性氧化物、碱性氧化物、弱酸强碱盐、强酸弱碱盐类等,具体可为醋酸、氢氧化钠、氧化钙、碳酸钠、氯化铵等。
所述锦纶染色速率调节剂可为:平平加O、匀染剂JV-905、匀染剂JV-1、匀染剂SET、匀染剂HJ-219、匀染剂NL、匀染剂CAN、匀染剂GZ255YNL、渗透剂JFC。
所述锦纶染色速率调节剂的用量可为0.1~5%。
所述蛋白质纤维染色速率调节剂可为:促染剂TGR-M、促染剂WDS、促染剂KD、促染剂WDP、促染剂W-201或促染剂DW;
所述蛋白质纤维染色速率调节剂的用量可为0.1~5%。
根据本发明的一个具体实施例,所述染料为酸性染料(如酸性蓝NHFS染料),采用的染色助剂为:匀染剂NL 2%;促染剂KD 3%。
根据本发明的一个具体实施例,所述染料为中性染料(如中性深黄GL染料),采用的染色助剂为:平平加O 5%,促染剂TGR-M 3%。
根据本发明的一个具体实施例,所述染料为活性染料(如活性嫩黄4GL染料),采用的染色助剂为:渗透剂JFC 2%,促染剂TGR-M 2%。
上述的快速印花方法中,所述烘干的条件如下:温度可为80~90℃,具体可为80℃或90℃,时间可为1~10min,具体可为3~5min、3min或5min;
所述蒸化的条件如下:温度可为60~100℃,具体可为90℃、80℃或75℃,时间可为1min~25min,具体可为10min或15min或20min。
上述的快速印花方法中,采用所述酸性染料或所述中性染料印花时,所述后处理包括如下步骤:热水洗、皂洗、常温水洗、晾干;
所述热水洗的温度为50~60℃;
所述皂洗的条件为:标准皂片1~3g/L,浴比1:5~15,50~80℃,5~10min;
上述的快速印花方法中,采用所述活性染料印花时,向所述印花色浆中加入固色剂或所述印花步骤之后浸渍于固色剂中进行固色;
所述固色剂可为表面活性剂(阳离子型)、无表面活性的季铵盐、树脂型固色剂、交联固色剂或无甲醛固色剂等,具体可为碳酸钠或碳酸氢钠;
固色的条件为:固色剂1~5g/L,室温,浴比1:2~10,浸泡1~20min;
所述后处理包括如下步骤:热水洗、常温水洗、皂洗、常温水洗、晾干;
所述热水洗的温度为50~60℃;
所述皂洗的条件为:标准皂片1~3g/L,浴比1:5~15,50~80℃,5~10min。
本发明中所述酸性染料可为偶氮类酸性染料、蒽醌类酸性染料、三芳甲烷类酸性染料、氧杂蒽类酸性染料、硝基类酸性染料等。
所述酸性染料具体可为酸性红NHFS、酸性黄NHFS、酸性蓝NHFS、安诺赛特M型金属络合染料、F型弱酸性染料、酸性大红FG、酸性黄G、嫩黄BAD、翠兰BAD、红BAD、蓝BAD。
本发明中所述中性染料为酸性含媒染料中1:2型金属络合染料。
所述中性染料具体可为中性深黄GL、中性灰2BL、中性黄2R、中性酱红B、中性蓝2R、中性棕B、中性灰G、中性红GAL、中性藏BR、中性黑AW200%、中性黄TB、中性黄R、中性红3B、中性红10B、中性红3G、中性翠蓝G、中性蓝R或中性蓝RAWL、S型金属络合染料等。
本发明中所述活性染料可为二氯均三嗪活性基类活性染料、乙烯砜活性基类活性染料、多活性基类活性染料、α-卤代丙烯酰胺活性基类活性染料、环氧类活性染料或叠氮类活性染料。
氯均三嗪类:活性染料K-6G;乙烯砜类:活性染料K-NR;多活性基类:活性艳红M-3BE;溴代丙烯酰胺类:兰纳素蓝3G、活性红83、活性黄39、活性蓝69、安诺菲克斯红ARC、安诺菲克斯黄/金黄ARC、安诺菲克斯蓝ARC;未知结构毛用活性染料活性:嫩黄WG、活性大红WG、活性艳兰WR、活性黑WG。
本发明印花方法具有如下优点:锦纶56/蛋白纤维可用酸性染料、中性染料、活性染料低温一步快速印花,印花后织物色泽鲜艳、色谱齐全,染色牢度好。本发明的印花方法工艺简单,能耗低,花型清晰、染透性好。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明进行说明,但本发明并不局限于此,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所做的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
下述实施例中的定量试验,均设置三次重复实验,结果取平均值。
本发明实施例所采用的锦纶56纤维,按照下述方法制备:
在盐液罐中配制50wt%浓度的锦纶56盐水溶液,具体步骤:取锦纶56干盐90kg,加入到55kg脱盐水中,完全溶解,调节盐液pH值7.5~8.5。配好盐液后将盐液罐加热至50℃,待温度达到设定温度,打开供料阀将盐液注入聚合反应釜中开始预聚合,预聚合试验条件:反应釜内设定温度212℃,压力1.75MPa,搅拌速度60r/min,反应2h,然后升温到250℃。当温度达到250℃后即开始降压,降压时间约1h,降压同时反应釜温度升到270℃,抽真空约10min,此时釜内温度约升至275℃,聚合反应完成,直接排料,经过冷水、吹风冷却,切粒机切断得到锦纶56切片。切片在80℃条件下,烘干22h,设置纺丝条件:纺丝温度288℃,计量泵转速16rpm/min,纺丝速度1000m/min,侧吹风压为450pa,卷绕油剂F5103浓度5%,牵伸倍数及加热温度为:一牵倍率2.5~3.5;二牵倍率1.01~1.42;牵伸箱温度170℃;二牵温度180℃;热板温度200℃;三牵温度180℃。卷绕得到锦纶56纤维。
不同盐液pH值对应纤维不同的端基和羧基含量如表1所示(控制牵伸倍数为3.5)。
由表1中的数据可以看出,盐水溶液pH<7.5时,端基含量偏低,盐水溶液pH>8.5时,反应原料酸胺比失衡,无法聚合,因此最适宜的pH值范围为7.5~8.0。
表1不同盐液pH值对锦纶56纤维的端氨基含量的影响
不同牵伸倍数对应纤维不同的结晶度如表2所示(控制锦纶56盐水溶液的pH值为7.85)。
用酸性染料对得到的锦纶56纤维进行染色,测试其在90℃时的上染率,如表2所示。
表2 2#不同牵伸倍数对锦纶56纤维的结晶度的影响
| 2#样品 | 结晶度(%) | 上染率% |
| ①PA56牵伸倍数2 | 56.8 | 95.7 |
| ②PA56牵伸倍数3.4 | 64.0 | 83.1 |
由表2的数据可以看出,纤维的结晶度越大,则纤维的无定型区越小,即可进入纤维内部的染料越少,纤维上染效果越差。
根据上述纤维制备方案,制备盐水溶液pH为7.85,一级牵伸3.15倍,二级牵伸1.12倍(共牵伸3.53倍)的锦纶56纤维,测其端氨基含量为45.2mol/106gr、端羧基含量为74.3mol/106gr、结晶度为65.2%。用上述纤维制备锦纶56平纹织物,成品克重190g/m2,用于下列印花工艺。
下述实施例中使用的锦纶56与羊毛混纺织物的混纺比为55/45。
实施例1、采用酸性染料对锦纶56/羊毛(55/45)混纺坯布进行印花
配制100g印花色浆,酸性蓝NHFS染料:3%;增稠剂FS-80N:5%;尿素:5%;硫酸铵:0.3%;匀染剂NL 2%;促染剂KD 3%;其余为水,调节pH值为4.5。
取15cm×15cm的锦纶56/羊毛坯布平铺在印花台板上,印花平网覆盖在待印织物上,在平网一端非花型处倒上印花色浆,用刮刀匀速用力的刮浆一次,抬起平网,将印制好的织物在80℃条件下,烘干5min。将烘干后的织物用衬布卷包好,在90℃蒸锅中蒸化10min,将蒸化后的织物取出,50℃热水洗一次、皂洗(2g/L皂液,60℃,5min,浴比1:10)一次、常温水洗一次,晾干,完成织物印花,印花后测试结果如表3所示。
实施例2、采用中性染料对锦纶56/羊毛(55/45)混纺坯布进行印花
配制印花色浆100g,中性深黄GL染料:2%;CMC糊料:60%;尿素:5%;硫酸铵:0.2%;平平加O 5%,促染剂TGR-M 3%;其余为水,调节pH值6。
取15cm×15cm的锦纶56/羊毛坯布平铺在印花台板上,印花平网覆盖在待印织物上,在平网一端非花型处倒上印花色浆,用刮刀匀速用力的刮浆一次,抬起平网,将印制好的织物在90℃条件下,烘干3min。将烘干后的织物用衬布卷包好,在80℃蒸锅中蒸化15min,将汽蒸后的织物取出,50℃热水洗一次、皂洗(2g/L皂液,60℃,5min,浴比1:10)一次、常温水洗一次,晾干,完成织物印花,印花后测试结果如表3所示。
实施例3、采用活性染料对锦纶56/羊毛(55/45)混纺坯布进行印花
配合印花色浆100g,活性嫩黄4GL染料:2%;海藻酸钠糊:70%;尿素5%、防染盐S1%、碳酸氢钠(固色剂):2%;渗透剂JFC 2%,促染剂TGR-M 2%;其余为水,调节pH值5.5。
取15cm×15cm的锦纶56/羊毛坯布平铺在印花台板上,印花平网覆盖在待印织物上,在平网一端非花型处倒上印花色浆,用刮刀匀速用力的刮浆一次,抬起平网,将印制好的织物在80℃条件下,烘干5min。将烘干后的织物用衬布卷包好,在75℃蒸锅中汽蒸20min,将汽蒸后的织物取出,热水洗50℃洗一次,常温水洗一次、皂洗(2g/L皂液,60℃,5min,浴比1:10)一次,常温水洗一次,晾干,完成织物印花,印花后测试结果如表3所示。
对比例1、采用酸性染料对锦纶56/羊毛(55/45)混纺坯布进行印花(不采用染色助剂)
配制100g印花色浆,酸性蓝NHFS染料:3%;增稠剂FS-80N:5%;尿素:5%;硫酸铵:0.3%;其余为水,调节pH值为4.5。
取15cm×15cm的锦纶56/羊毛坯布平铺在印花台板上,印花平网覆盖在待印织物上,在平网一端非花型处倒上印花色浆,用刮刀匀速用力的刮浆一次,抬起平网,将印制好的织物在80℃条件下,烘干5min。将烘干后的织物用衬布卷包好,在90℃蒸锅中蒸化10min,将蒸化后的织物取出,50℃热水洗一次、皂洗(2g/L皂液,60℃,5min,浴比1:10)一次、常温水洗一次,晾干,完成织物印花。
染色结果:混纺织物染色后表观同色性如表3所示。
对比例2、采用活性染料对锦纶56/羊毛(55/45)混纺坯布进行印花(不采用染色助剂)
配合印花色浆100g,活性嫩黄4GL染料:2%;海藻酸钠糊:70%;尿素5%、防染盐S1%、碳酸氢钠(固色剂):2%;其余为水,调节pH值5.5。
取15cm×15cm的锦纶56/羊毛坯布平铺在印花台板上,印花平网覆盖在待印织物上,在平网一端非花型处倒上印花色浆,用刮刀匀速用力的刮浆一次,抬起平网,将印制好的织物在80℃条件下,烘干5min。将烘干后的织物用衬布卷包好,在75℃蒸锅中汽蒸20min,将汽蒸后的织物取出,热水洗50℃洗一次,常温水洗一次、皂洗(2g/L皂液,60℃,5min,浴比1:10)一次,常温水洗一次,晾干,完成织物印花。
染色结果:混纺织物染色后表观同色性如表3所示。
对比例3、采用酸性染料对锦纶66/羊毛(55/45)混纺坯布进行印花
实验过程与实施例1完全相同,仅将被印花织物改为锦纶66/羊毛(55/45)混纺坯布。混纺织物染色后表观同色性如表3所示。
表3锦纶56/羊毛酸性染料印花测试结果
同色值Q越接近1说明两者同色性越好。
由实施例1-3的印花效果可以看出,在常温条件下,锦纶56/羊毛可实现良好的印花效果,且印制花纹有透染效果。由对比例1-2可以看出,相同条件下,染浴中不加染色助剂,锦纶和羊毛的上染效果差别大,同色性差,并且色牢度略低;对比例3可以看出,相同低温条件下锦纶66的染色效果较锦纶56差,并且由于气蒸温度偏低,锦纶66的色牢度差,不能满足日常应用。
Claims (10)
1.一种锦纶56纤维与蛋白质纤维混纺织物的酸性印花方法,包括下述步骤:采用酸性染料、中性染料或活性染料对被染物进行印花;
其中,所述被染物为锦纶56纤维与蛋白质纤维形成的混纺织物或无纺布;
所述锦纶56纤维的端基含量有如下要求:
所述锦纶56纤维的端氨基的含量为20~80mol/106gr;
所述锦纶56纤维的端羧基的含量为50~110mol/106gr;
所述锦纶56纤维的结晶度为30~70%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的酸性印花方法,其特征在于:所述被染物中锦纶56纤维的质量百分比为10%-90%,优选为45%-65%;
所述锦纶56纤维的端基含量有如下要求:
所述锦纶56纤维的端氨基的含量为20~60mol/106gr,优选45~55mol/106gr;
所述锦纶56纤维的端羧基的含量为60~90mol/106gr,优选65~75mol/106gr。
所述锦纶56纤维的结晶度为45~65%,优选50~65%;
所述蛋白质纤维包括动物蛋白质纤维和/或织物蛋白质纤维。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的酸性印花方法,其特征在于:所述印花包括如下步骤:采用染料、印花糊料、印花助剂和水配制印花色浆;采用所述印花色浆对所述锦纶56织物或无纺布进行印花,然后经烘干、蒸化和后处理即可;
所述印花色浆的pH值为3~7;
所述染料为所述酸性染料、所述中性染料或所述活性染料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的酸性印花方法,其特征在于:
所述印花色浆的质量百分比组成如下:
染料 1~5%;
印花糊料 3~80%;
印花助剂 0.5~10%;
染色助剂 0.1~5%;
余量为水。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的酸性印花方法,其特征在于:所述印花糊料为印花增稠剂;
采用所述酸性染料或所述中性染料印花时的所述印花助剂为尿素和/或硫酸铵;
采用所述活性染料印花时的所述印花助剂为尿素、防染盐S、碳酸钠和/或碳酸氢钠;
所述染色助剂为pH调节剂、锦纶染色速率调节剂和蛋白质纤维染色速率调节剂。
6.根据权利要求3-5中任一项所述的酸性印花方法,其特征在于:所述烘干的条件如下:温度为80~90℃,时间为1~10min;
所述蒸化的条件如下:温度为60~100℃,时间为1min~25min。
7.根据权利要求3-6中任一项所述的酸性印花方法,其特征在于:采用所述酸性染料或所述中性染料印花时,所述后处理包括如下步骤:热水洗、皂洗、常温水洗、晾干。
8.根据权利要求3-6中任一项所述的酸性印花方法,其特征在于:采用所述活性染料印花时,向所述印花色浆中加入固色剂或所述印花步骤之后浸渍于固色剂中进行固色;
所述固色剂为表面活性剂(阳离子型)、无表面活性的季铵盐、树脂型固色剂、交联固色剂或无甲醛固色剂;
固色的条件为:固色剂1~5g/L,室温,浴比1:2~10,浸泡1~20min。
9.根据权利要求3-6、8中任一项所述的酸性印花方法,其特征在于:采用所述活性染料印花时,所述后处理包括如下步骤:热水洗、常温水洗、皂洗、常温水洗、晾干。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于:
所述酸性染料为偶氮类酸性染料、蒽醌类酸性染料、三芳甲烷类酸性染料、氧杂蒽类酸性染料或硝基类酸性染料;
所述中性染料为酸性含媒染料中1:2型金属络合染料;
所述活性染料为二氯均三嗪活性基类活性染料、乙烯砜活性基类活性染料、多活性基类活性染料、α-卤代丙烯酰胺活性基类活性染料、环氧类活性染料或叠氮类活性染料;
所述印花糊料为为瓜尔胶、海藻酸钠、木薯粉、羧甲基纤维素(CMC糊)或增稠剂FS-80N;
所述pH调节剂为酸、碱、酸性氧化物、碱性氧化物、弱酸强碱盐或强酸弱碱盐类;
所述锦纶染色速率调节剂为平平加O、匀染剂JV-905、匀染剂JV-1、匀染剂SET、匀染剂HJ-219、匀染剂NL、匀染剂CAN、匀染剂GZ255YNL、渗透剂JFC;
所述蛋白质纤维染色速率调节剂为促染剂TGR-M、促染剂WDS、促染剂KD、促染剂WDP、促染剂W-201或促染剂DW。
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