CN111632196A - 一种去α-半乳糖基抗原脱细胞基质的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种去α-半乳糖基抗原脱细胞基质的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明所涉及的是一种去α‑半乳糖基抗原的脱细胞基质制备方法,属于再生医学生物材料制备和应用领域。在脱去引起排斥反应的抗原细胞成分的同时去除α‑半乳糖基抗原(Strattice),提高了脱细胞基质的生物相容性,降低其抗原性,提高其促进组织再生能力,本项发明的核心是去除引起免疫排斥反应的物质而保留细胞外结构基质组成和天然结构,应用该方法制备的脱细胞基质生物材料,作为组织修复和再生的全新材料,是开发再生医学产品的理想而优越的生物医学材料。
Description
1.技术领域
本发明所涉及的是一种去α-半乳糖基抗原的脱细胞基质制备方法,属于再生医学生物材料制备和应用领域。
本发明的先进性是:使用去α-半乳糖基抗原专有技术,高效地完全去除组织排斥反应因子,使基质具有良好的机械强度和生物相容性,优良的组织再生能力。
选择与人有高度的组织结构和免疫学相似性的猪的适宜的组织作为制备脱细胞基质的材料来源,在脱去引起排斥反应的抗原细胞成分的同时去除α-半乳糖基抗原(Strattice),提高了脱细胞基质的生物相容性,降低其抗原性,提高其促进组织再生能力,代替同种异体脱细胞基质生物材料,可制成多种用途和剂型规格的产品。性能优良的脱细胞基质为解决临床组织修复的问题提供了新的很好的途径。
本项发明的核心是去除引起免疫排斥反应的物质而保留细胞外结构基质组成和天然结构,应用该方法制备的脱细胞基质生物材料,作为组织修复和再生的全新材料,是开发再生医学产品的理想生物医学材料。本方法制备的脱细胞基质生物材料优越的性能使其在组织修复再生医学材料领域处于先进水平。
2.背景技术
医用生物材料的研究和应用分为天然材料类、合成高分子材料类、无机材料类和复合材料类,其中以天然材料应用最为广泛,包括棉纤维、甲壳素/壳聚糖、海藻酸盐、明胶、胶原、动物(异种)组织、同种自体/异体组织等,用于人体疾病和损伤的组织移植、组织替代和组织修复。
目前国际上利用人的同种自体/异体组织和动物(异种)组织进行脱细胞再生医学生物材料的研究包括:
脱细胞基质产品:主要是在制造过程中使用来源不同的细胞和组织材料以及不同的脱细胞工艺技术方法。
各种动物和人类的衍生产品的利用:动物源产品(移植)是从不同的供体动物(如猪、羊、马或牛)、不同的年龄阶段采集鲜活组织(如真皮、小肠黏膜下层、心包等)。
人源产品、捐赠的人尸体皮肤(移植),应用各种工艺去除细胞和病原体:如 Lifecell;(Wright Medical)。美国在该领域的研究和应用最为广泛和深入,目前正在研究无菌生产的同种异体脱细胞组织基质与终端灭菌产品的有效性、安全性差异,已开展临床试验研究不同脱细胞基质材料在使用过程中促进组织再生,组织整合等能力。
国外有关脱细胞异体组织基质生物材料(Acellular Dermal Matrix,ADM)在临床中的应用较早,从1992年起研究应用于烧伤病人,1994年用于牙周外科及整形修复外科,目前已广泛应用于烧伤、口腔、眼科、耳鼻喉、腹部外科等领域。国内从2000年以后引入同类进口产品。
经过近年的技术进步,异种脱细胞生物材料已经成为组织再生及修复的主流产品,其脱去引起排斥反应的抗原细胞成分,保留细胞外基质和三维空间框架结构,抗原性低,生物相容性好,无排斥反应,无菌、无毒、无刺激,再造后组织力学强度高、弹性好,不变形,材料可不受限制,做成临床上需要的任何剂型和规格。再生生物医学材料的研究方向是通过改性或复合的方法,改善现有材料的不足,增强其各种性能,开发出具有适当的三维多孔结构,为细胞的生长和繁殖提供营养和代谢环境,调节细胞的生长和排列,在材料上负载各种药物和生长因子,有效控制药物释放,同时达到愈合及治疗作用,并最终降解达到组织永久性替代的目的组织工程化生物材料。
国内有利用脱细胞牛心包膜制备生物型硬脑(脊)膜补片(简称脑膜补片)、胸普外科修补膜和无菌生物护创膜,用于脑膜缺损和心脏包膜缺损的修补等,已被国家食药局批准临床使用。有利用小猪真皮制备异种脱细胞真皮基质敷料,在国内70%以上的重点烧伤(创面)专科使用,被国家食药局批准临床应用。第四军医大学最近以猪角膜为原料利用脱细胞去抗原复杂的综合技术制备人工角膜替代物方面取得重大进展,已完成临床研究,进入临床应用阶。
中山大学中山眼科中心《一种制备脱细胞基质的方法》(中国发明专利,公告号:CN101274106A)公开了一种利用磷脂酶制备脱细胞基质的方法,优点是减少对细胞结构的破坏,但产物中有酶的残留。
美国伊西康公司《一种制备脱细胞基质的方法》(中国发明专利,公告号:CN102170920A)公开了一种脱细胞基质制备方法,利用内切酶和物理条件,去除细胞成分,缺点是对细胞天然结构有破坏。
解放军第二军医大学沈曼茹、袁建明、张永珍等《细胞外基质材料的安全性能》中华中国组织工程研究与临床康复第14卷第38期,对脱细胞基质的可行性和安全性及其应用进行了全面分析的探讨,认为天然脱细胞生物支架材料主要利用同种或异种器官/组织,经脱细胞、去除抗原处理得到脱细胞基质材料。脱细胞基质材料除主要由胶原构成外,还含有其他抗原性蛋白,脱细胞处理的方法、残留的细胞成分等也会影响植入后机体和植入产品的相互作用,而完全除去细胞膜及细胞核物质是困难的。脱细胞基质的安全性评价还包括脱细胞后支架材料的残存DNA。较多细胞外基质材料是猪源组织材料,含有少量半乳糖抗原决定簇,存在于血管内皮细胞表面的半乳糖抗原是异种器官移植排斥的主要原因。研究发现存在于猪细胞外基质中的半乳糖抗原可以引起血清中抗体水平的升高,显示了这类细胞外基质材料具有免疫原性。
综上所述,在脱细胞基质制备过程中,有效去除α-半乳糖基抗原,提高脱细胞基质的生物相容性,降低其抗原性,是制备高性能的脱细胞基质材料必须解决的问题。
3.发明内容
目前研究机构和生产企业大多采用酶法和化学法结合的技术方法制备脱细胞基质,其特点是组织处理时间短、容量大,存在的问题是酶处理后产生的代谢物质去除困难,很难纯化到天然组织成分环境,同时DNA去除率不高,且没有去除也能产生抗原组织免疫反应的α-半乳糖基,产品时有组织排斥反应发生。
通过对脱细胞生物技术的深入研究,本发明采用去α-半乳糖基抗原脱细胞专有生物技术进行组织的脱细胞制备脱细胞基质。
利用去α-半乳糖基抗原脱细胞专有生物技术,不采用酶处理方法,有效的避免了产生的酶代谢物质,同时去除了组织中产生抗原反应的α-半乳糖基,且DNA去除率在已有的各种脱细胞方法中为最高(进行过DNA测定的验证实验),因而可避免组织免疫反应,可更好的降解和吸收。
基本技术路线为:采集鲜活的检疫合格的猪的特定组织→组织的预处理(剔除组织杂质、去除血液组织液)→采用专有方法脱脂→去除细胞DNA(专有技术)→去除病毒(化学法病毒灭活)→去除α-半乳糖基抗原(专有技术)→根据临床用途制成需要的剂型和规格。
4.附图说明
图1是制备的脱细胞基质切片的照片,采用去除α-半乳糖基抗原专有技术猪皮为原材料, HE染色,材料呈疏松网状结构,未见细胞,大量浅红色胶原纤维仍保持多孔状结构,胶原纤维在脱细胞过程中未受损,显示脱细胞效果很好。图2是半乳糖标准曲线图,显示线性关系符合要求。
5.具体实施方式
采用猪新鲜真皮、小肠黏膜下层、膀胱黏膜下层、血管、心脏瓣膜、大网膜、眼角膜等部位组织,经去除附着物、血液、脂肪等杂质,用一定浓度的氢氧化钠处理,在磷酸盐缓冲液条件下经过低浓度的含碘盐、NaH2PO4、含硼盐溶液顺次处理,最后获得的脱细胞基质生物医学材料。经相关检测,去DNA、去α-半乳糖基抗原结果很好。
实施例1:
以猪皮为原料,制备脱细胞基质材料:
a.新鲜猪皮,去除脂肪、粘膜、毛。
b.取10×10cm,250ml纯乙醇,搅拌洗涤2次,每次2小时。
c.去离子水洗涤2次,用500ml 1M氯化钠溶液浸泡1天。
d.用刀刮去上皮层,去离子水洗涤2次。
e.加入250ml含有0.5%过氧乙酸和80%乙醇的消毒溶液处理6小时,去离子水洗涤2次。
f.用无内毒素去离子水洗涤2次(取1×10cm,保存在70%乙醇)。
g.用250ml 1%Triton 100、0.5M Tris HCl,PH7.4提取,每天换液1次,洗涤 (取1×10cm,保存在70%乙醇)。
h.用250ml 0.5M氢氧化钠溶液处理(6小时)。
i.用无内毒素去离子水洗涤(取1×10cm,保存在70%乙醇)。
j.用0.05M Na2HPO4,pH9.0溶液洗涤1次(2小时)。
k.加入100ml用5%NaIO,50mM NaH2PO4,pH9.0浸泡4小时。
l.用无内毒素去离子水洗涤2次,加入100ml 2%NaBH4溶液,浸泡12小时。
m.用无内毒素去离子水洗涤3次,置入70%乙醇中保存。
材料检测
组织学观察:取制备的材料,经石蜡包埋、切片后,常规行HE染色观察脱细胞情况。
制备的脱细胞基质DNA检测如下表:
制备的脱细胞基质α-半乳糖基检测如下表:
| 样品测定值 | |
| 样品OD值 | 0.055 |
| 样品修正后OD值 | 0.055 |
| 样品中半乳糖含量(nmol) | 0.227197 |
| 样品中半乳糖浓度(nmol/ul) | 0.004544 |
| 样品中半乳糖浓度(nmol/ml) | 4.54395 |
结果显示制备方法的去除DNA和去除α-半乳糖基效果很好。
实施例2:
以猪角膜为原料制备脱细胞基质材料:
a.取新鲜猪角膜,无菌生理盐水洗涤。
b.加入10ml含有0.5%过氧乙酸和80%乙醇的消毒溶液处理12小时。
c.去离子水洗涤2次,用20ml 0.5M氯化钠溶液处理过夜,洗涤。
d.用20ml 1%Triton 100、0.5M Tris,PH7.4提取,洗涤。
e.用0.5M氢氧化钠溶液处理(6小时),用无内毒素去离子水洗涤。
f.用20ml 50mM NaH2PO4,PH7.5浸泡清洗12小时。
g.用5ml 0.5%NaIO,50mM NaH2PO4,pH7.5浸泡4小时。
h.用无内毒素去离子水洗涤,加入5ml 2%NaBH4溶液,浸泡12小时。
i.用0.9%NaCl(生理食盐水)清洗。
j.置入含有1%CHCl3的无菌0.9%NaCl中保存。
Claims (9)
1.本项发明是一种去α-半乳糖基抗原脱细胞基质的制备方法。
2.权利要求1所说的脱细胞基质的原材料来源为同种异体或异种。
3.权利要求2所说的原材料可为同种异体或异种的真皮、小肠黏膜下层、膀胱黏膜下层、羊膜、胎盘、血管、心脏瓣膜、大网膜、软骨、眼角膜、巩膜、虹膜。
4.权利要求1所说的脱细胞基质应用于再生医学生物材料。
5.权利要求1所说的制备方法,其特征在于:对权利要求3所说的原材料用一定浓度的氢氧化钠处理,在磷酸盐缓冲液条件下经过低浓度的含碘盐、NaH2PO4、含硼盐溶液顺次处理获得脱细胞基质材料。
6.权利要求5所的说含碘盐包括次碘酸、碘酸、正高碘酸、偏高碘酸的钾盐和钠盐。
7.权利要求5说的含硼盐包括硼酸盐、硼氢化合物、硼氢化钾、硼氢化钠。
8.权利要求5所说磷酸盐缓冲液PH值范围是5.5~9.5。
9.Tris浓度范围为0.01M~1M,Titon-100浓度范围为0.1%~5%。
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