CN111619599A - 轨道车辆驾驶室地板隔音方法及地板结构及其安装方法 - Google Patents
轨道车辆驾驶室地板隔音方法及地板结构及其安装方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种轨道车辆驾驶室地板隔音方法及地板结构及其安装方法:通过在地板与车架之间设置减振垫来形成隔空层,利用声音的反射原理来减少向驾驶室传导的噪音;同时通过采用由面板与芯材组成的三明治结构的酚醛发泡夹芯地板制作的整体式地板,进一步减少驾驶室地板的振动和噪音,提高隔音效果,与传统地板相比噪音降低3dB以上,提高了驾驶室的舒适性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及轨道车辆领域,具体涉及一种轨道车辆驾驶室地板隔音方法及地板结构及其安装方法。
背景技术
随着轨道车辆的迅速发展,人们对车辆内部噪音的控制、隔热、阻燃性能又提出了更高的要求。而对于驾驶室内地板,阻燃、环保、隔音、防潮等性能的提高,能够给驾驶室提供一个更加舒适、安全的环境,已成为轨道车辆驾驶室内饰发展的一个趋势。
目前,传统的轨道车辆的地板采用胶合板结构或者铝蜂窝夹芯结构,这种地板对于高速运行的轨道车辆,不能很好的隔绝车体底部振动所产生的噪音,而且防潮性能较差,容易受到潮气与湿气的侵蚀,产生剥落与弯翘现象。另外,直接与车体骨架粘接的单层地板很难阻隔车体振动传入司机室的噪声。因此,对于轨道车地板,特别是驾驶室地板有较大的改善空间。
经专利检索,与本发明有一定关系的专利主要有以下专利:
1、申请号为“201310145594.0”、申请日为“2013.04.24”、公开号为“CN 103661452 A”、公开日为“2014.03.26”、名称为“轨道车辆隔音复合地板”、申请人为“南车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司”的中国发明专利,该发明涉及一种轨道车辆隔音复合地板,包括上、下两层金属面板,在四周设置有周圈骨架,在所述两层金属面板和所述周圈骨架中间填有桤木芯材。本发明通过对芯材、结构、蒙皮的优化,极大的提高了隔音量,芯材采用桤木芯材,面密度低,隔音量好,应用在复合地板结构后,具有良好的理化性能,极大的提高了使用寿命。蒙皮采用铝面板,质量轻,有良好的隔音效果。
2、申请号为“201810953234 .6”、申请日为“2018 .08 .21”、公开号为“CN108995668 A”、公开日为“2018.12.14”、名称为“一种区域集成化内装地板”、申请人为“中车南京浦镇车辆有限公司”的中国发明专利,该发明涉及一种区域集成化内装地板,具有支撑骨架、填充于支撑骨架间的隔热材和固定在支撑骨架上方的地板,在转向架区域,支撑骨架的底部设置有阻尼减震铝箔,地板背面贴有隔音垫板;在客室区域,地板与座椅安装滑槽固定,座椅安装滑槽位于支撑骨架上方并与之固定,支撑骨架下方为垫板。发明为铁路客车、动车等车辆地板设计提出一个新的区域化集成化设计概念,将地板承载能力、隔音、隔热、寿命、舒适性等性能统筹考虑,针对整车不同区域选择不同的集成方式区域化设计。
3、申请号为“201810415411 .5”、申请日为“2018 .05 .03”、公开号为“CN108454641 A”、公开日为“2018.08.28”、名称为“轨道车辆司机室地板及其制造方法”、申请人为“中车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司”的中国发明专利,该发明专利包括从上至下依次胶粘连接的地板革、上面板、防潮阻燃隔音层和下面板,其特征在于所述的司机室地板的厚度为15~18mm,地板革的厚度为1~2mm,上面板和下面板的厚度均为0 .5~2mm,防潮阻燃隔音层内具有与司机室地板上的安装设备相对应的预埋金属件。本发明具备隔音、环保、阻燃和防潮的功能,增加地板在安装设备位置的刚度,保护地板在安装设备的位置不因承载大而变形或破损,延长地板的使用寿命
4、申请号为“201620532213 .3”、申请日为“2016 .06 .06”、公开号为“CN 205819204U”、公开日为“2016.12.21”、名称为“一种轨道车辆内装隔音地板”、申请人为“宝应县同创金属制品有限公司”的实用新型专利,该实用新型公开了一种轨道车辆内装隔音地板,包括地板本体,所述地板本体由地板表层、地板底层、胶合板层和隔音层组成,所述地板表层和地板底层之间设有胶合板层,所述胶合板层的上下表面上均分别设有隔音层,所述地板本体的两端分别等间距设有三个钢槽,所述地板本体的一端设有与钢槽固定连接的卡头,且地板本体的另一端设有与钢槽固定连接的卡槽,所述卡头与卡槽相匹配。该实用新型通过设有隔音层对列车产生的震动和声音进行阻隔,从而达到非常好的隔音效果,还通过在地板的两端设有卡头和卡槽,使得该隔音地板在轨道车辆中固定连接时更加方便快捷。
上述专利都是通过多层复合材料进行减振隔音,效果还不够理想。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术中存在的缺陷,提供一种:采用隔空层的轨道车辆驾驶室地板隔音方法及地板结构及其安装方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采取的技术方案为:一种轨道车辆驾驶室地板隔音方法,利用声音的反射原理来减少传向驾驶室的噪音,以提高驾驶室的隔音效果。
进一步地,在车架上固定设置底板,通过在地板与底板之间设置隔空层,来反射向驾驶室传导的噪音。
进一步地,通过在地板与底板之间设置阻断声桥来实现地板与底板隔离,形成隔空层。
进一步地,采用减振垫作为阻断声桥,使地板与底板之间隔离,以增加隔音效果。
进一步地,通过在底板下设置吸声材料,进一步增加隔音效果。
本发明还涉及根据上述隔音方法的地板结构,包括地板、底板及车架,所述底板固定在车架上,地板设置在底板上,地板与底板之间设置有隔空层,通过设置隔空层大幅度增加声阻抗,以增加隔音效果。
进一步地,在地板与底板之间设置有减振垫,通过减振垫使地板与底板隔离、以形成隔空层。
进一步地,所述地板及底板为酚醛发泡夹芯地板,所述酚醛发泡夹芯地板采用面板与芯材组成的三明治结构,以增加隔音效果。
进一步地,底板下设置有吊板,底板与吊板由吸声材料填充,以吸收噪音。
本发明还涉及根据上述地板结构的安装方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:先将吊板通过螺钉连接在驾驶室下的车架上;
S2:将带背胶的吸声材料粘贴在吊板的上表面,并填满驾驶室下的车架与吊板之间的缝隙;
S3:将底板通过胶接或是自攻螺钉的方式安装在驾驶室下的车架上,并在底板与车架接触的四周打上密封胶;
S4:将减振垫通过背胶粘接在底板上,间距在200~500mm之间,并形成田字型铺设;
S5:将地板铺设在减振垫上,拼接处在减振垫上,并通过螺钉进行连接,并在地板与车架接触的四周打上密封胶;
S6:在地板上粘接上地板革。
本发明的有益效果为:通过在地板与车架之间设置减振垫来形成隔空层,利用声音的反射原理来减少向驾驶室传导的噪音;同时通过采用硅橡胶发泡减振垫和采用酚醛发泡地板,进一步减少驾驶室地板的振动和噪音,提高隔音效果,与传统地板相比噪音降低3dB以上,提高了驾驶室的舒适性。
附图说明
图1为实施例一的示意图,
图2为实施例二的示意图,
图中:1—地板、2—减振垫、3—底板、4—车架、5—螺钉、6—隔空层、7—吊板、8—吸声材料。
具体实施方式
由于声音在传播过程中遇到由不同密度物体组成的界面时,会产生反射作用,使部分声音反射回来。因此在轨道车辆驾驶室地板1与车架4之间设置隔空层6,将车架4传向地板1的噪音进行反射,从而减少了传向驾驶室传导的噪音,以提高驾驶室的隔音效果,提高驾驶室的舒适性。
下面通过具体的实施例并结合附图对本发明做进一步的描述:
实施例一如图1所示:底板3通过螺钉或胶粘的方式固定在车架4上,底板3可以是酚醛发泡板、铝蜂窝夹芯板或是胶合板,在本实施例中底板3采用高隔音的酚醛发泡板,厚度一般为15~20mm,隔音量>28dB。酚醛发泡板采用三明治结构,采用了酚醛发泡与微层共挤材,隔音性能极大提高,隔声系数在30~50dB。
酚醛发泡板的面板为玻纤增强环氧材质,玻纤含量为70%左右,其拉伸强度>150MPa;酚醛发泡板的芯材为纤维增强酚醛泡沫,密度>0.2g/cm3。芯材纤维取向与地板平面垂直,这种特殊的结构形态,使产品弯曲强度大于60MPa,平压强度大于4MPa,平拉强度大于4MPa,同时面密度小于10kg/m2。在面板与芯材之间填入多层共挤隔音片,厚度为2mm,用于增加地板隔声性能。满足DIN5510-2防火及TB 3139环保要求。
在底板3上胶粘的方式间隔粘贴减振垫2,减振垫2之间的间距为在200~500mm,并形成田字型铺设。减振垫2采用具有良好的减振与支撑作用的硅橡胶发泡减振垫,厚度为10~50mm,通过背胶直接粘在底板3上;减振垫密度>0.35g/cm³,压缩变形应力>80kpa,断裂伸长率>75%,满足EN45545-2,R1,HL3的防火及TB 3139环保要求。
然后在采用螺钉5或胶粘的方式将地板1安装在减振垫2上。
地板1可以采用铝蜂窝板、酚醛发泡夹芯板、聚丙烯蜂窝夹芯板,在本实施例中地板1采用酚醛发泡夹芯板,地板1的面密度<8kg/m²,地板1的面板为玻纤增强环氧材质,玻纤含量为70%左右,其拉伸强度>150MPa;地板1的芯材为纤维增强酚醛泡沫,密度>0.2g/cm³。满足DIN5510-2防火及TB 3139环保要求。
地板1采用了模压成型,产品面积可以达到2.4m×1.6m,司机室地板可以整体成型,无地板的拼接。使安装方便,避免从接缝处传入的噪声,从而是整个司机室更加的安静。
地板1中预埋了铝合金金属件,满足司机室座椅及其他设备件的安装,具有较高的结构强度。
现有驾驶室噪音测试数据如下表所示:
| 地板形式 | 酚醛发泡夹芯板 | 聚丙烯蜂窝夹芯板 | 铝蜂窝板 |
| 驾驶室噪音(dB) | 80 | 85 | 87 |
采用实施例一的技术方案实验数据如下表所示:
| 地板厚度(mm) | 8 | 10 | 12 | 16 | 18 |
| 隔空层厚度(mm) | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 |
| 底板厚度(mm) | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 20 |
| 驾驶室噪音() | 79 | 78 | 76.5 | 75.5 | 73 |
从上述测试数据可以看出:采用实施例一可以降低驾驶室噪音达1~12dB。
实施例二如图2所示:与实施例一不同的是:在车架4的下面通过螺钉或胶粘的方式固定吊板7,在底板3与吊板7之间填充吸声材料7。所述吸声材料7为一种低密度的泡沫材料,优选采用三聚氰胺泡棉。所述吊板7采用金属材质,优选铝合金材质,厚度为13mm,用来支撑吸声材料7,同时对车底噪声起到阻隔和反射作用。
采用实施例二的技术方案实验数据如下表所示:
| 地板厚度(mm) | 8 | 10 | 12 | 16 | 18 |
| 隔空层厚度(mm) | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 |
| 底板厚度(mm) | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 20 |
| 吸音材料厚度(mm) | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 |
| 驾驶室噪音(dB) | 78 | 76 | 74.5 | 73.5 | 71.5 |
从上述测试数据可以看出:采用实施例二可以降低驾驶室噪音达2~15.5dB,实施例二比实施例一的技术方案能够进一步降低驾驶室噪音1~1.5dB。
采用上述驾驶室地板结构的安装方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:先将吊板7通过螺钉连接在驾驶室下的车架4上;
S2:将带背胶的吸声材料8粘贴在吊板7的上表面,并填满驾驶室下的车架4与吊板7之间的缝隙;
S3:将底板3通过胶接或是自攻螺钉的方式安装在驾驶室下的车架4上,并在底板3与车架4接触的四周打上密封胶;
S4:将减振垫2通过背胶粘接在底板3上,间距在200~500mm之间,并形成田字型铺设;
S5:将地板1铺设在减振垫2上,拼接处在减振垫2上,并通过螺钉5进行连接,并在地板1与车架4接触的四周打上密封胶;
S6:在地板1上粘接上地板革。
综上所述:本发明的有益效果为:通过在地板与车架之间设置减振垫来形成隔空层,利用声音的反射原理来减少向驾驶室传导的噪音;同时通过采用硅橡胶发泡减振垫和采用酚醛发泡地板,进一步减少驾驶室地板的振动和噪音,提高隔音效果,与传统地板相比噪音降低3dB以上,提高了驾驶室的舒适性。
以上实施例仅供说明本发明之用,而非对本发明的限制,有关技术领域的技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,还可以做出各种变化或变换,因此所有等同的技术方案也应该属于本发明的保护范围,本发明的保护范围应该由各权利要求限定。
Claims (10)
1.一种轨道车辆驾驶室地板隔音方法,其特征在于:利用声音的反射原理来减少向驾驶室传导的噪音,以提高驾驶室的隔音效果。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轨道车辆驾驶室地板隔音方法,其特征在于:在车架(4)上固定设置底板(3),通过在地板(1)与底板(3)之间设置隔空层(6),来反射向驾驶室传导的噪音。
3.根据权利要求2所述的轨道车辆驾驶室地板隔音方法,其特征在于:通过在地板(1)与底板(3)之间设置阻断声桥来实现地板(1)与底板(3)隔离。
4.根据权利要求3所述的轨道车辆驾驶室地板隔音方法,其特征在于:采用减振垫(2)作为阻断声桥,使地板(1)与底板(3)之间隔离。
5.根据权利要求4所述的轨道车辆驾驶室地板隔音方法,其特征在于:在底板(3)下设置有吸声材料(8)。
6.根据权利要求1至5任意一项所述的轨道车辆驾驶室地板隔音方法的地板结构,包括地板(1)、底板(3)及车架(4),所述底板(3)固定在车架(4)上,其特征在于:地板(1)设置在底板(3)上,地板(1)与底板(3)之间设置有隔空层(6)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的地板结构,其特征在于:在地板(1)与底板(3)之间设置有减振垫(2),通过减振垫(2)使地板(1)与底板(3)隔离、以形成隔空层(6)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的地板结构,其特征在于:所述地板(1)及底板(3)为酚醛发泡夹芯地板,所述酚醛发泡夹芯地板采用面板与芯材组成的三明治结构。
9.根据权利要求8所述的地板结构,其特征在于:底板(3)下设置有吊板(7),底板(3)与吊板(7)由吸声材料(8)填充。
10.根据权利要求9所述的地板结构的安装方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
S1:先将吊板(7)通过螺钉连接在驾驶室下的车架(4)上;
S2:将带背胶的吸声材料(8)粘贴在吊板(7)的上表面,并填满驾驶室下的车架(4)与吊板(7)之间的缝隙;
S3:将底板(3)通过胶接或是自攻螺钉的方式安装在驾驶室下的车架(4)上,并在底板(3)与车架(4)接触的四周打上密封胶;
S4:将减振垫(2)通过背胶粘接在底板(3)上,间距在200~500mm之间,并形成田字型铺设;
S5:将地板(1)铺设在减振垫(2)上,拼接处在减振垫(2)上,并通过螺钉(5)进行连接,并在地板(1)与车架(4)接触的四周打上密封胶;
S6:在地板(1)上粘接上地板革。
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Application publication date: 20200904 |