CN111600109B - Broadband quadrature coupler - Google Patents
Broadband quadrature coupler Download PDFInfo
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- CN111600109B CN111600109B CN202010636702.4A CN202010636702A CN111600109B CN 111600109 B CN111600109 B CN 111600109B CN 202010636702 A CN202010636702 A CN 202010636702A CN 111600109 B CN111600109 B CN 111600109B
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- phase shift
- shift circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
- H01P5/184—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being strip lines or microstrips
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a broadband orthogonal coupler, which comprises a first coupling line, a second coupling line parallel to the first coupling line, wherein one end of the first coupling line is an input port, the other end of the first coupling line is an output port, one end of the second coupling line is a coupling port, the other end of the second coupling line is a transmission port, the broadband orthogonal coupler further comprises two phase shifting circuits, one phase shifting circuit is connected in parallel at two ends of the first coupling line, the other phase shifting circuit is connected in parallel at two ends of the second coupling line, and the phase shifting circuit comprises a circuit component for storing and releasing electromagnetic energy. The parallel coupling lines can effectively eliminate the limitation of the standard semiconductor process by utilizing the first coupling lines and the second coupling lines, and the broadband orthogonal coupler is formed by symmetrically arranging the two phase shifting circuits at the ports of the parallel coupling lines, so that the broadband orthogonal coupler has the advantages of small area, wide bandwidth, strong coupling capacity and good flatness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radio frequency integrated circuits, in particular to a broadband quadrature coupler.
Background
In modern communication systems, it is necessary to form orthogonal signals to support communication systems of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM) modulation scheme, so as to improve the quality and performance of communication transmission. There are various manners of generating the quadrature signal, in which a quadrature coupler is used to generate the quadrature signal, and the quadrature coupler is a power coupling device with directivity, and two output signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees can be obtained while the power is equally distributed. At present, the common quadrature coupler has three structures, namely a branch line coupler, a Lange coupler and a coupled line coupler, wherein the branch line coupler has the problems of large area, narrow bandwidth and difficult integration on a silicon substrate. Lange couplers are mainly interconnected by air bridge technology, which is difficult to realize in standard semiconductor integrated circuit technology and has high realization cost. In standard semiconductor integrated technology, the coupling line coupler has construction limit on the space between metal lines, and cannot achieve the bandwidth characteristic of the coupling line coupler.
Therefore, the conventional quadrature coupler has problems of large area, narrow broadband, weak coupling and poor flatness.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a broadband orthogonal coupler which has the advantages of small area, wide bandwidth, strong coupling capability and good flatness.
In a first aspect, the present invention proposes a wideband quadrature coupler comprising:
The first coupling line is parallel to the second coupling line, one end of the first coupling line is an input port, the other end of the first coupling line is an output port, one end of the second coupling line is a coupling port, and the other end of the second coupling line is a transmission port;
The broadband quadrature coupler also comprises two phase shifting circuits, one phase shifting circuit is connected in parallel with two ends of the first coupling line, the other phase shifting circuit is connected in parallel with two ends of the second coupling line, and the phase shifting circuit comprises a circuit component for storing and releasing electromagnetic energy.
Optionally, the first coupling line and the second coupling line are arranged in parallel up and down.
Alternatively, the wideband quadrature coupler is implemented using standard semiconductor integrated circuit processes.
Optionally, the phase shift circuit comprises a capacitor and an inductor.
Optionally, the inductance in the phase shift circuit determines the inductance value according to the following formula:
Wherein L represents an inductance value, omega o＝2*π*fo,fo represents a center frequency point of the broadband quadrature coupler, and Z o represents standard impedance.
Optionally, the capacitance in the phase shift circuit determines the capacitance value according to the following formula:
Wherein, C represents a capacitance value, omega o＝2*π*fo,fo represents a center frequency point of the broadband orthogonal coupler, and Z o represents standard impedance.
Optionally, the phase-shifting circuit includes a first capacitor, a second capacitor and a first inductor;
one end of the first capacitor is a connection end of the phase shifting circuit, the other end of the first capacitor is connected with one end of the second capacitor, and the other end of the second capacitor is the other connection end of the phase shifting circuit;
one end of the first inductor is connected between the first capacitor and the second capacitor, and the other end of the first inductor is grounded.
Optionally, the phase-shifting circuit includes a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor and a second inductor;
One end of the third capacitor is grounded, and the other end of the third capacitor is connected with one end of the second inductor and is used as a connecting end of the phase shifting circuit;
one end of the fourth capacitor is grounded, and the other end of the fourth capacitor is connected with the other end of the second inductor and serves as the other connecting end of the phase shifting circuit.
Optionally, the phase-shifting circuit includes a fifth capacitor, a third inductor and a fourth inductor;
The third inductor is connected with the fourth inductor in series, one end of the circuit after the series connection is a connection end of the phase shifting circuit, and the other end of the circuit after the series connection is another connection end of the phase shifting circuit;
one end of the fifth capacitor is connected between the third inductor and the fourth inductor, and the other end of the fifth capacitor is grounded.
Optionally, the phase-shifting circuit includes a sixth capacitor, a fifth inductor, and a sixth inductor;
One end of the fifth inductor is grounded, and the other end of the fifth inductor is connected with one end of the sixth capacitor and is used as a connecting end of the phase shifting circuit;
one end of the sixth inductor is grounded, and the other end of the sixth inductor is connected with the other end of the sixth capacitor and serves as the other connecting end of the phase shifting circuit.
The broadband orthogonal coupler has the advantages that the broadband orthogonal coupler comprises a first coupling line and a second coupling line parallel to the first coupling line, one end of the first coupling line is an input port, the other end of the first coupling line is an output port, one end of the second coupling line is a coupling port, the other end of the second coupling line is a transmission port, the broadband orthogonal coupler further comprises two phase shifting circuits, one phase shifting circuit is connected in parallel with two ends of the first coupling line, the other phase shifting circuit is connected in parallel with two ends of the second coupling line, and the phase shifting circuit comprises circuit components for storing and releasing electromagnetic energy. The parallel coupling lines can effectively eliminate the limitation of the standard semiconductor process by utilizing the first coupling lines and the second coupling lines, and the broadband orthogonal coupler is formed by symmetrically arranging the two phase shifting circuits at the ports of the parallel coupling lines, so that the broadband orthogonal coupler has the advantages of small area, wide bandwidth, strong coupling capacity and good flatness.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wideband quadrature coupler in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a phase shifting circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a broadband quadrature coupler based on the phase shift circuit shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another phase shifting circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a broadband quadrature coupler based on the phase shift circuit shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another phase shifting circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a broadband quadrature coupler based on the phase shift circuit of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another phase shifting circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a broadband quadrature coupler based on the phase shift circuit shown in fig. 8.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structure diagram of a wideband quadrature coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
A first coupled line 101, a second coupled line 102 parallel to the first coupled line 101, one end of the first coupled line 101 being an input port, the other end of the first coupled line 101 being an output port, one end of the second coupled line 102 being a coupled port, the other end of the second coupled line 102 being a transmission port;
The broadband quadrature coupler further comprises two phase shifting circuits 103, one phase shifting circuit 103 is connected in parallel to two ends of the first coupling line, the other phase shifting circuit 103 is connected in parallel to two ends of the second coupling line, and the phase shifting circuit 103 comprises circuit components for storing and releasing electromagnetic energy.
In the embodiment of the invention, the first coupling line 101 and the second coupling line 102 are coupled in an up-down parallel arrangement manner, the first coupling line 101 and the second coupling line 102 can form parallel coupling lines, the parallel coupling lines are coupling lines coupled relative to edges, the characteristics of strong coupling and small area are achieved, and the limitation of a standard semiconductor technology on a broadband orthogonal coupler can be effectively eliminated by adopting the structural characteristics of the parallel coupling lines.
Further, in the case of forming the parallel coupled lines, the first coupled line 101 and the second coupled line 102 are further provided with two phase shift circuits 103 symmetrically disposed on two sides of the parallel coupled lines, and the structures of the two phase shift circuits 103 are the same, so that the differential mode can be effectively implemented by using the parallel coupled lines, and by providing the symmetrical phase shift circuits 103, the common mode can be supplemented by the phase shift circuits 103, so that the quadrature coupler can be formed by combining, and the quadrature coupler has the advantage of high broadband, and therefore, the quadrature coupler can also be called as a broadband quadrature coupler.
Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the phase shifting of the wideband quadrature coupler is achieved by using two phase shifting circuits 103, so that the wideband coupler can have the advantages of wide bandwidth and flattened phase, thereby reducing the required area of the whole wideband quadrature coupler, so that the wideband quadrature coupler has the advantages of wide bandwidth, flattened phase and small area.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the wideband quadrature coupler may be implemented using standard semiconductor integrated circuit processes, which are not limited by standard semiconductor processes.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the phase-shifting circuit 103 includes a circuit component for storing and releasing electromagnetic energy, the circuit component may be a capacitor and an inductor, different phase-shifting circuits 103 may be designed by using the capacitor and the inductor, and for different phase-shifting circuits 103, the inductor and the capacitor in the phase-shifting circuit 103 may use the capacitor with corresponding capacitance values and the inductor with corresponding inductance values according to specific requirements.
In one possible implementation, the inductance in the phase shift circuit 103 may determine the inductance value according to the following formula:
where L represents an inductance value, ω o＝2*π*fo,fo represents a center frequency point of the wideband quadrature coupler, and Z o represents a standard impedance. It will be appreciated that if there are two or more inductors in a phase shift circuit, the inductance values of the two or more inductors are the same and can be calculated according to the above formula.
In one possible implementation, the capacitance in the phase shift circuit 103 may determine the capacitance value according to the following formula:
Where C represents a capacitance value, ω o＝2*π*fo,fo represents a center frequency point of the wideband quadrature coupler, and Z o represents a standard impedance. It will be appreciated that if there are two or more capacitors in a phase shifting circuit, the capacitance values of the two or more capacitors are the same and can be calculated according to the above formula.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the circuit structure of the phase shift circuit has various forms, and several possible implementations are described below.
Referring to fig. 2, a schematic diagram of a possible implementation of a phase shift circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first capacitor R1, a second capacitor R2, and a first inductor L1;
one end of the first capacitor R1 is a connection end A0 of the phase shift circuit 103, the other end of the first capacitor R1 is connected with one end of the second capacitor R2, and the other end of the second capacitor R1 is another connection end A1 of the phase shift circuit;
one end of the first inductor L1 is connected between the first capacitor R1 and the second capacitor R2, and the other end of the first inductor L1 is grounded.
Further, referring to FIG. 3, a schematic diagram of a wideband quadrature coupler based on the phase shift circuit shown in FIG. 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first coupling line 101 and a second coupling line 102, where the first coupling line 101 and the second coupling line 102 form a parallel coupling line, and a phase shift circuit is connected in parallel between an input end and an isolation end of the first coupling line 101, and the phase shift circuit includes a first capacitor R1, a second capacitor R2 and a first inductor L1, and the phase shift circuit can be connected in a manner similar to the phase shift circuit shown in the embodiment of FIG. 2. A phase shift circuit is connected in parallel between the coupling end and the transmission end of the second coupling line 102, and the phase shift circuit includes a first capacitor R1, a second capacitor R2 and a first inductor L1, and the phase shift circuit can be connected in a manner referring to the phase shift circuit in the embodiment shown in fig. 2.
Referring to fig. 4, a schematic diagram of another possible implementation of a phase shift circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4, and a second inductor L2;
one end of the third capacitor C3 is grounded, and the other end of the third capacitor C3 is connected with one end of the second inductor L2 and is used as a connecting end of the phase shifting circuit;
One end of the fourth capacitor C4 is grounded, and the other end of the fourth capacitor C4 is connected to the other end of the second inductor L2 and is used as the other connection end of the phase shift circuit.
Further, referring to fig. 5, a schematic structural diagram of a wideband quadrature coupler based on the phase shift circuit shown in fig. 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
The first coupled line 101 and the second coupled line 102 form a parallel coupled line, and a phase shift circuit is connected in parallel between the input end and the isolation end of the first coupled line 101, and the phase shift circuit includes a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4 and a second inductor L2, and the phase shift circuit can be connected in a manner referring to the phase shift circuit in the embodiment shown in fig. 4. A phase shift circuit is connected in parallel between the coupling end and the transmission end of the second coupling line 102, and the phase shift circuit includes a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4 and a second inductor L2, and the phase shift circuit can be connected in a manner referring to the phase shift circuit in the embodiment shown in fig. 4.
Referring to fig. 6, a schematic diagram of another possible implementation of a phase shift circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a fifth capacitor C5, a third inductor L3, and a fourth inductor L4;
The third inductor L3 is connected with the fourth inductor L4 in series, one end of the circuit after the series connection is a connection end of the phase shifting circuit, and the other end of the circuit after the series connection is the other connection end of the phase shifting circuit;
One end of the fifth capacitor C5 is connected between the third inductor L3 and the fourth inductor L4, and the other end of the fifth capacitor C5 is grounded.
Further, referring to fig. 7, a schematic structural diagram of a wideband quadrature coupler based on the phase shift circuit shown in fig. 5 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
The first coupled line 101 and the second coupled line 102 form a parallel coupled line, and a phase shift circuit is connected in parallel between the input end and the isolation end of the first coupled line 101, and the phase shift circuit includes a fifth capacitor C5, a third inductor L3 and a fourth inductor L4, and the phase shift circuit can be connected in a manner referring to the phase shift circuit in the embodiment shown in fig. 6. A phase shift circuit is connected in parallel between the coupling end and the transmission end of the second coupling line 102, and the phase shift circuit includes a fifth capacitor C5, a third inductor L3 and a fourth inductor L4, and the phase shift circuit can be connected in a manner referring to the phase shift circuit in the embodiment shown in fig. 6.
Referring to fig. 8, a schematic diagram of another possible implementation of a phase shift circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a sixth capacitor C6, a fifth inductor L5, and a sixth inductor L6;
one end of the fifth inductor L5 is grounded, and the other end of the fifth inductor L5 is connected with one end of the sixth capacitor C6 and is used as a connecting end of the phase shifting circuit;
one end of the sixth inductor L6 is grounded, and the other end of the sixth inductor L6 is connected to the other end of the sixth capacitor C6 and serves as the other connection end of the phase shift circuit.
Further, referring to fig. 9, a schematic structural diagram of a wideband quadrature coupler based on the phase shift circuit shown in fig. 8 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
The first coupled line 101 and the second coupled line 102 form a parallel coupled line, and a phase shift circuit is connected in parallel between the input end and the isolation end of the first coupled line 101, and the phase shift circuit includes a sixth capacitor C6, a fifth inductor L5 and a sixth inductor L6, and the phase shift circuit can be connected in a manner referring to the phase shift circuit in the embodiment shown in fig. 8. A phase shift circuit is connected in parallel between the coupling end and the transmission end of the second coupling line 102, and the phase shift circuit includes a sixth capacitor C6, a fifth inductor L5 and a sixth inductor L6, and the phase shift circuit can be connected in a manner referring to the phase shift circuit in the embodiment shown in fig. 8.
In the embodiment of the invention, the limitation of the standard semiconductor process can be effectively broken through by utilizing the parallel coupling lines, and the phase shifting of the broadband orthogonal coupler is realized by utilizing the two phase shifting circuits, so that the broadband orthogonal coupler has the advantages of wide bandwidth and flattened phase, and the required area of the whole broadband orthogonal coupler is reduced, so that the broadband orthogonal coupler has the advantages of wide frequency band, flattened phase and small area.
It should be noted that, the wideband quadrature coupler in the embodiment of the present invention has a wideband small-amplitude error characteristic, and is suitable for a quadrature signal generator, and the wideband quadrature coupler is suitable for a circularly polarized multi-antenna system.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
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| CN202010636702.4A CN111600109B (en) | 2020-07-03 | 2020-07-03 | Broadband quadrature coupler |
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| CN111600109B true CN111600109B (en) | 2024-12-17 |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109818127A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-05-28 | 大连海事大学 | Phase continuously adjustable crossing directional coupler |
| CN212113984U (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-12-08 | 深圳市前海派速科技有限公司 | Broadband quadrature coupler |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5381528B2 (en) * | 2009-09-09 | 2014-01-08 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Directional coupler |
| JP5828767B2 (en) * | 2012-01-05 | 2015-12-09 | パナソニック株式会社 | Quadrature hybrid coupler, amplifier, wireless communication apparatus, and quadrature hybrid coupler control method |
| US10097389B1 (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-10-09 | National Chung Shan Institute Of Science And Technology | Signal modulator |
| CN110138094A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-08-16 | 大连理工大学 | Electric field radio energy and bidirectional signal transmission system |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109818127A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-05-28 | 大连海事大学 | Phase continuously adjustable crossing directional coupler |
| CN212113984U (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-12-08 | 深圳市前海派速科技有限公司 | Broadband quadrature coupler |
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