CN111460059A - Ambient air quality data visualization method, device, equipment and storage medium - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of data visualization, and in particular, to a method, device, computer equipment and storage medium for visualizing ambient air quality data, wherein the method for visualizing ambient air quality data includes: preprocessing the ambient air quality data after data transformation, Transfer the preprocessed data to the visualization generation tool for compilation, load the static page template in the modal window of the visualization generation tool and adjust it by the user, generate the visualization page file through the visualization generation tool, and render the visualization page file. The present application can visualize the ambient air quality data in an all-round way, and the presentation content is more abundant and comprehensive.

Description

Ambient air quality data visualization method, device, device and storage medium

technical field

The present application relates to the field of data visualization, and in particular, to a method, apparatus, device and storage medium for visualizing ambient air quality data.

Background technique

Data visualization is an important technology in the construction of environmental informatization. It displays relatively complex and boring environmental information data in the form of graphics or images, so as to visually and intuitively express the information and laws contained in the data. Most of the visualization systems of the company are one-stop integration, mining, management and visualization of data. The management scheme adopted is to carry out configuration management through a separate system.

Ambient air quality data generally includes time, space, business and other aspects of content, and the management system used by the current visualization system only supports the configuration management of a single aspect of content, which will lead to the content displayed after data visualization. It has a single structure and cannot display ambient air quality data in an all-round way.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Based on the above problems, the present invention provides a method, device, device and storage medium for visualizing ambient air quality data, which can comprehensively visualize ambient air quality data.

A method of visualizing ambient air quality, comprising:

Obtain the ambient air quality data in each region, and perform data transformation on the ambient air quality data to obtain regular data;

Preprocessing the regular data to obtain ambient air quality business data;

transmitting the ambient air quality business data to a visualization generation tool, and the visualization generation tool compiles the ambient air quality business data into visualization elements;

Loading a static page template through the modal window in the visualization generation tool, the static page template is used for the user to adjust the positional relationship of the visualization elements;

Generate a visualization page file according to the visualization element and the positional relationship by the visualization generation tool;

The visualization page file is rendered when a preset instruction for presenting ambient air quality data is detected.

Optionally, performing data transformation on the ambient air quality data to obtain regularity data, including:

Classify ambient air quality data by region;

The classified data are standardized, smoothed, sampled, and dimensionally reduced in turn to obtain regular data.

Optionally, the classification of ambient air quality data in each region includes:

According to the attribute type of the ambient air quality data in each region, the ambient air quality data in each region is divided into numerical type data, ordinal type data and categorical type data;

The numerical type data, the ordered type data and the categorical type data are divided into fixed zero point data and non-fixed zero point data according to the data representation method.

Optionally, the preprocessing of the regular data to obtain the ambient air quality service data includes:

Acquiring the regular data, and performing preprocessing on the regular data through a preset data configuration component and a data arrangement component to obtain ambient air quality service data;

Among them, when the data modification component is used to perform preprocessing, the fields in the table are added, deleted, and modified; when the data trimming component is used to perform preprocessing, the data table is edited and processed; when the data conversion component is used to perform preprocessing, Convert the type of data; when using the data splitting component to perform preprocessing, split the field into multiple fields according to preset rules; when using the data association component to perform preprocessing, split the data in multiple data tables Perform correlation; when using the matrix transpose component to perform preprocessing, convert the horizontal arrangement of the data to a vertical arrangement; when using the data filtering and filtering component to perform preprocessing, filter out the target data or remove duplicate data; when using the data space When the preprocessing component is used to perform preprocessing, the non-spatial data is converted into spatial data; when the SQL statement writing component is used to perform preprocessing, SQL statements are generated or input; When using the drag and drop component to perform preprocessing, drag or remove the visualization component; when using the map and compound condition query component to perform preprocessing, query the corresponding data according to the selection conditions and locations on the map.

Optionally, the visualization generation tool compiles the ambient air quality business data into visualization elements including:

The visualization generation tool is compiled into corresponding visualization elements according to the type of the ambient air quality business data.

Optionally, when a preset instruction for displaying ambient air quality data is detected, rendering the visual page file includes:

Perform visual mapping on the visual page file to obtain visual representation elements;

The visual representation element is subjected to view transformation to obtain a view page and display it.

An ambient air quality data visualization device, comprising:

a database module for acquiring ambient air quality data in various regions, and performing data transformation on the ambient air quality data to obtain regular data;

a data configuration management module for preprocessing the regular data to obtain ambient air quality business data;

A visualization module, configured to transmit the ambient air quality business data to a visualization generation tool, and the visualization generation tool compiles the ambient air quality business data into visualization elements; load static information through a modal window in the visualization generation tool A page template, the static page template is used for users to adjust the positional relationship of the visual elements; the visualization generation tool generates a visual page file according to the visual elements and the positional relationship; When the preset instruction of data is used, the visualization page file is rendered.

Optionally, the database module is specifically used for:

Classify ambient air quality data by region;

Standardize, smooth, sample, and dimensionally reduce the classified data in turn to obtain regular data;

According to the attribute type of the ambient air quality data in each region, the ambient air quality data in each region is divided into numerical type data, ordinal type data and categorical type data;

The numerical type data, the ordered type data and the categorical type data are divided into fixed zero point data and non-fixed zero point data according to the data representation method.

Optionally, the data configuration management module is specifically used for:

Acquiring the regular data, and performing preprocessing on the regular data through a preset data configuration component and a data arrangement component to obtain ambient air quality service data;

Among them, when the data modification component is used to perform preprocessing, the fields in the table are added, deleted, and modified; when the data trimming component is used to perform preprocessing, the data table is edited and processed; when the data conversion component is used to perform preprocessing, Convert the type of data; when using the data splitting component to perform preprocessing, split the field into multiple fields according to preset rules; when using the data association component to perform preprocessing, split the data in multiple data tables Perform correlation; when using the matrix transpose component to perform preprocessing, convert the horizontal arrangement of the data to a vertical arrangement; when using the data filtering and filtering component to perform preprocessing, filter out the target data or remove duplicate data; when using the data space When the preprocessing component is used to perform preprocessing, the non-spatial data is converted into spatial data; when the SQL statement writing component is used to perform preprocessing, SQL statements are generated or input; When using the drag and drop component to perform preprocessing, drag or remove the visualization component; when using the map and compound condition query component to perform preprocessing, query the corresponding data according to the selection conditions and locations on the map.

Optionally, the visualization module is specifically used for:

The visualization generation tool is compiled into corresponding visualization elements according to the type of the ambient air quality business data;

Perform visual mapping on the visual page file to obtain visual representation elements;

The visual representation element is subjected to view transformation to obtain a view page and display it.

A device for visualizing ambient air quality data, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein computer-readable instructions are stored in the memory, and when the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the processor is made to execute the above-mentioned ambient air quality Data visualization methods.

A storage medium storing computer-readable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the above-described method for visualizing ambient air quality data.

Compared with the existing method, the present application obtains the ambient air quality data in various regions, performs data transformation on the ambient air quality data, and obtains regular data; preprocesses the regular data to obtain the ambient air quality service. data; transmit the ambient air quality business data to a visualization generation tool, and the visualization generation tool compiles the ambient air quality business data into visualization elements; load a static page template through a modal window in the visualization generation tool, The static page template is used for the user to adjust the positional relationship of the visual elements; the visualization generation tool generates a visual page file according to the visual elements and the positional relationship; when a preset for displaying ambient air quality data is detected, When the command is set, the visualization page file is rendered. Thus, a visualization method of ambient air quality data that can display ambient air quality data in an all-round way is realized.

Description of drawings

Various other disadvantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art from reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are for purposes of illustrating preferred embodiments only and are not to be considered limiting of the application.

1 is an overall flow chart of a method for visualizing ambient air quality data in one embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of an apparatus for visualizing ambient air quality data in an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application, but not to limit the present application.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the singular forms "a", "an", "said" and "the" as used herein can also include the plural forms unless expressly stated otherwise. It should be further understood that the word "comprising" used in the specification of this application refers to the presence of said features, integers, steps, operations, elements and/or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features , integers, steps, operations, elements, components and/or groups thereof.

1 is an overall flow chart of a method for visualizing ambient air quality data in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 1 , a method for visualizing ambient air quality data includes the following steps:

S1. Obtain ambient air quality data in various regions, and perform data transformation on the ambient air quality data to obtain regular data;

Collect a sufficient amount of ambient air quality data in various regions according to the actual application. For example, when designing the ambient air quality data visualization system in Shanghai, it is necessary to collect ambient air quality data in various districts in Shanghai; when designing the ambient air quality data in China When the data visualization system is used, it is necessary to collect ambient air quality data of various districts under various provinces and cities across the country. These ambient air quality data generally include pollution potential indices and concentrations of SO ₂ , NO ₂ , O ₃ , PM2.5, PM10, and the like.

Among them, regular data is a set of structured, classified and regular data. The benefit of data transformation is to make the format of the final visual display data more standard, more representative, and more readable; the regular data is also the indirect source of the data in the final visual display result. After processing and other multi-step operations, it is presented on the visualization page.

In one embodiment, S1 may include the following steps:

The ambient air quality data in each region is classified, and according to the attribute type of the ambient air quality data in each region, the ambient air quality data in each region is divided into numerical type data, ordinal type data and categorical type data; numerical type data refers to Data that can be directly digitized, such as the concentration of SO ₂ gas, the pollution potential index of PM2.5, etc.; ordinal type data means that the data has nothing to do with the quantity, but is still arranged in a specific order, such as China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City These three data are arranged in descending order according to the hierarchical relationship of the regions; classified data refers to data that exists but has no actual impact. For example, the PM2.5 concentrations in various districts in Shanghai can be divided into The PM2.5 concentration of the district is divided into another category, and the standard of classification here is that the area is different.

The numerical type data, the ordered type data and the categorical type data are divided into fixed zero point data and non-fixed zero point data according to the data representation method. Among them, the fixed zero-point data can correspond to a certain point on the number axis, which includes most data objects; the non-fixed zero-point data mainly includes specific meanings expressed in numerical values, such as the longitude and latitude of geographic information, and the year, month, and day of the date. Wait.

After standardization, smoothing, sampling, and dimension reduction transformation are performed on the classified data in turn, regular data is obtained. Standardization includes (0,1) standardization or (-1,1) standardization, the purpose of which is to standardize and normalize data; smoothing can better show the overall trend of data changes with a beautiful curve and increase aesthetics; sampling, in When the amount of data is too large, only a part of the sample data can be extracted, and the redundant data can be removed, which can better reflect the real situation of the data; dimensionality reduction, high-dimensional data is highly abstract, difficult to display and understand, and will The dimensional data is reduced to a lower dimension, which is more conducive to expressing meaning.

S2, preprocessing the regular data to obtain ambient air quality business data;

In this embodiment, the process of obtaining ambient air quality data is completed by applying the extraction component and the compatibility component. The extraction component and the compatibility component are components of the data configuration component, and the function of the extraction component is to extract the data in the third-party database. , The function of the compatibility component is to ensure that the data configuration component is compatible with the ambient air quality database structure, and the data is consistent.

The data configuration component builds an independent data configuration management system, which also includes multiple components such as display component, data modification component, data clipping component, non-spatial data spatialization component, data type conversion component, data splitting component, etc. The orchestration component is used to achieve business requirements, and can be expanded later. As an independent framework, the data orchestration component is well compatible with the data configuration component and visualization related components and can manage them, including SQL statement writing components, data Compute components, drag and drop components, etc. Preprocessing depends on the implementation of data configuration components and data orchestration components. For example, a preprocessing operation of field expansion is carried out. The user has temporary needs and needs to add a "pollution potential index" field to the national urban ambient air quality table. The user can add some field attributes at any time according to temporary needs. ; Another example is to perform a data type conversion preprocessing. For example, the field of the city's rainfall time contains floating-point and integer. In order to display uniformly, all floating-point types are converted to integers. These preprocessed data will also be transmitted to the data visualization component together, and finally realize the visual display.

The data configuration component also includes:

Data modification component: Add, delete, and modify the fields and the corresponding values of the fields in the table. For example, to add a city's air humidity statistics in the city air humidity table, you can use the data modification component to add a field with the name of the city.

Data Clipping Component: Used to edit and manipulate data tables. For example, there is a requirement to cut a table with three rows and five columns into a table with three rows and four columns.

Data conversion components: realize the mutual conversion of different data types. For example, converting a numeric data to Boolean data.

Data splitting component: split a field into multiple fields through preset rules; for example, split the field "Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province, Anhui Province" into "Jiangsu Province", The three fields of "Zhejiang Province" and "Anhui Province".

Data association components: realize the interconnection of data. For example, the data in table A and table B need to be associated. By using the data association component, the field b in table B is used as the foreign key of table A, and the data in table A and table B are associated.

Matrix transpose component: realize the conversion between the horizontal arrangement and the vertical arrangement of the data.

Data filtering and filtering components: used to select data and remove duplicate data. For example, screen out all polluted gases with a gas concentration greater than 10 mg/m ³ , and use this component to set the screening conditions to gas with a concentration greater than 10 mg/m ³ ;

Data Spatialization Component: Converts non-spatial data to spatial data.

The data orchestration component also includes:

The SQL statement writing component is used for generating and inputting SQL statements.

The data calculation component is used to perform calculations between data.

The drag and drop component is used to drag and remove visual components.

Map and Compound Condition Query Component: Query corresponding data based on selection conditions and locations on the map.

S3, transmitting the ambient air quality business data to a visualization generation tool, and the visualization generation tool compiles the ambient air quality business data into visualization elements;

Among them, the visualization generation tool is a software that integrates data compilation and generates static page templates. By using this software, business data can be compiled into visualization elements and the modal window under the software visualization page can quickly generate the static page template of the visualization page.

The data receiving unit in the visualization generation tool receives the ambient air quality business data, and then transmits the ambient air quality business data to the compilation work center, and the compilation work center extracts the compilation rules from the rule file library of the visualization generation tool, and uses The compilation rule compiles the ambient air quality business data, and the visualization element is obtained after the compilation is completed.

S4, loading a static page template through the modal window in the visualization generation tool, where the static page template is used for the user to adjust the positional relationship of the visualization elements;

The visualization generation tool is a software product, and the graphical interface of the software product includes a modal window page. When the page is opened for the first time, it will enter the initialization state and prompt "Loading static page template". When the initialization is completed, the default static page template of the system will be loaded. The default static page template provides the default page layout, and users can also independently Define the display method, you can drag or remove the icon representing the visual element in the modal window.

An event listener is set in the modal window, so as to realize dynamic monitoring of the user's operation. For example, the position change listener, after the user drags the icon, the position change listener monitors the user's dragging behavior and quickly locates the dragged position.

S5, generating a visualization page file according to the visualization element and the positional relationship by the visualization generation tool;

The visual page file may be a document object model, such as an HTML file, which is composed of an HTML tree and data. The positional relationship corresponds to the HTML tree here, and the data corresponds to the visual element.

After the static page template is generated and adjusted by the user, the modified static page template is saved. Call the "Quick Generation" function under the visualization generation tool, load the visualization elements into the static page template to replace the corresponding icons, and generate a visualization page file.

S6. When a preset instruction for displaying ambient air quality data is detected, render the visualization page file.

When the user inputs a preset command for displaying ambient air quality data, the system executes the command after detecting the relevant command, performs visual mapping on the arrangement result, and performs view transformation on the visual representation element after obtaining the visual representation element, Get the view page and display it.

Visual mapping is to display visual data in the form of images, charts, etc. The data transformed in this step are called visual representation elements, and they can give the user a stronger visual impact, thereby allowing the user to perceive the data more intuitively. Visual representation elements include spatial dimensions, graphic elements, and graphic attributes.

View transformation is to output each visual representation element to the display device in batches, so that users can observe the changes and trends of the overall data, so as to speculate the hidden laws behind the data.

In one embodiment, the view transformation using multi-dimensional data includes:

View transformation of one-dimensional data: word cloud map, used to represent the frequency of words The word cloud map can understand the central idea of the text;

View transformation of two-dimensional data: column chart, line chart, area chart, pie chart, map, etc.:

Bar charts are generally used to represent classified data, each column represents a classification, and different classifications can be arranged horizontally or vertically stacked;

The line chart represents the data in the form of points, and connects all the points together with lines, which can well reflect the changing law of the data;

The area chart is to treat the area surrounded by the line chart and the x-axis as an area, the line is on the x-axis, the area is positive, the line is below the x-axis, the area is negative, and the visual effect is stronger than the line chart;

The pie chart weakens the actual data and focuses on reflecting the proportion;

Maps are generally used to process geographic data. Each area represents an area and is distinguished by different colors.

View transformation of multidimensional data: scatter plot, bubble chart, radar chart, etc.:

Scatter charts use dots to represent data points, which are generally applicable to three-dimensional data sets and can be used to express information that cannot be clearly expressed in ordinary two-dimensional coordinate axes;

Bubble charts are similar to scatter charts and can be said to be a derivative of scatter charts. Data points are no longer one-dimensional dots, but points with attributes such as area and color;

Radar map is suitable for data with more than four dimensions. In order to reduce the difficulty of identification, there are generally no more than 6 data points.

2 is a structural diagram of a device for visualizing ambient air quality data in one embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 2 , a device for visualizing ambient air quality data includes the following modules:

The database module 10 is used for acquiring ambient air quality data in various regions, and performing data transformation on the ambient air quality data to obtain regular data;

a data configuration management module 20, configured to preprocess the regular data to obtain ambient air quality service data;

A visualization module 30, configured to transmit the ambient air quality business data to a visualization generation tool, and the visualization generation tool compiles the ambient air quality business data into visualization elements; loading through a modal window in the visualization generation tool A static page template, the static page template is used for users to adjust the positional relationship of the visual elements; a visual page file is generated according to the visual elements and the positional relationship by the visualization generation tool; When the preset instruction of quality data is used, the visualization page file is rendered.

Wherein, the memory stores computer-readable instructions, and when the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of the above-mentioned method for visualizing ambient air quality data.

In one embodiment, a storage medium storing computer-readable instructions is provided, and when the computer-readable instructions are executed by one or more processors, the one or more processors perform the above-mentioned method for visualizing ambient air quality data. step. The storage medium may be a non-volatile storage medium or a volatile storage medium, which is not specifically limited in this application.

Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments can be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the storage medium includes: Read Only Memory (ROM, Read Only Memory), Random Access Memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic disk or optical disk, etc.

The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to simplify the description, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered that is the range described in this manual.

The above-mentioned embodiments only represent some exemplary embodiments of the present application, and the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent of the present application. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, several modifications and improvements can be made, which all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present application shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. An ambient air quality data visualization method, characterized in that the ambient air quality data visualization method comprises:

acquiring environmental air quality data of each region, and performing data transformation on the environmental air quality data to obtain regularity data;

preprocessing the regular data to obtain ambient air quality service data;

transmitting the ambient air quality business data to a visualization generating tool, the visualization generating tool compiling the ambient air quality business data into visualization elements;

loading a static page template through a modal window in the visualization generation tool, wherein the static page template is used for a user to adjust the position relation of the visualization elements;

generating a visual page file according to the visual elements and the position relation by the visual generation tool;

and when a preset instruction for displaying the ambient air quality data is detected, rendering the visual page file.

2. The method for visualizing the ambient air quality data as in claim 1, wherein the data transformation of the ambient air quality data to obtain the regularity data comprises:

classifying the environmental air quality data of each region;

and carrying out standardization, smoothing, sampling and dimension reduction conversion on the classified data in sequence to obtain regular data.

3. The method for visualizing ambient air quality data according to claim 2, wherein said classifying each region of ambient air quality data comprises:

according to the attribute type of the environmental air quality data of each region, dividing the environmental air quality data of each region into numerical value type data, ordered type data and classified type data;

and dividing the numerical value type data, the ordered type data and the classification type data into fixed zero data and non-fixed zero data according to a data representation method.

4. The method for visualizing the ambient air quality data according to claim 1, wherein the preprocessing the regularity data to obtain the ambient air quality business data comprises:

acquiring the regular data, and preprocessing the regular data through a preset data configuration component and a data arrangement component to obtain ambient air quality service data;

the map query method comprises the steps of adding, deleting and modifying fields in a table when a data modification component is used for executing preprocessing, editing and processing a data table when a data cutting component is used for executing preprocessing, converting types of data when a data conversion component is used for executing preprocessing, splitting the fields into a plurality of fields through preset rules when a data splitting component is used for executing preprocessing, associating data in a plurality of data tables when a data association component is used for executing preprocessing, converting horizontal arrangement of the data into vertical arrangement when a matrix transposition component is used for executing preprocessing, screening target data or removing repeated data when data screening and filtering components are used for executing preprocessing, converting non-spatial data into spatial data when data spatialization components are used for executing preprocessing, generating or inputting data L when a L statement is used for executing preprocessing, realizing calculation between the data and the data when data calculation components are used for executing preprocessing, executing visualization components or removing visualization components when dragging components are used for executing preprocessing, and selecting a map query condition corresponding to a map query and drag condition when map query conditions are used for executing preprocessing.

5. The ambient air quality data visualization method of claim 1, wherein the visualization generation tool compiling the ambient air quality business data into visualization elements comprises:

and compiling the visualization generation tool into corresponding visualization elements according to the type of the ambient air quality business data.

6. The ambient air quality data visualization method according to claim 1, wherein the rendering the visualization page file when a preset instruction for presenting the ambient air quality data is detected comprises:

carrying out visual mapping on the visual page file to obtain visual representation elements;

and carrying out view transformation on the visual representation elements to obtain a view page and displaying the view page.

7. The device for visualizing the ambient air quality data is characterized by comprising the following modules:

the database module is used for acquiring the ambient air quality data of each region and carrying out data transformation on the ambient air quality data to obtain regular data;

the data configuration management module is used for preprocessing the regular data to obtain environmental air quality service data;

the visualization module is used for transmitting the ambient air quality business data to a visualization generation tool, and the visualization generation tool compiles the ambient air quality business data into visualization elements; loading a static page template through a modal window in the visualization generation tool, wherein the static page template is used for a user to adjust the position relation of the visualization elements; generating a visual page file according to the visual elements and the position relation by the visual generation tool; and when a preset instruction for displaying the ambient air quality data is detected, rendering the visual page file.

8. The ambient air quality data visualization device according to claim 7, wherein the database module is specifically configured to:

classifying the environmental air quality data of each region;

and carrying out standardization, smoothing, sampling and dimension reduction conversion on the classified data in sequence to obtain regular data.

9. An ambient air quality data visualization apparatus comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored therein computer readable instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the ambient air quality data visualization method of any of claims 1 to 6.

10. A storage medium having stored thereon computer-readable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method of ambient air quality data visualization of any of claims 1 to 6.

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