CN111183050B - 运输制冷系统 - Google Patents
运输制冷系统 Download PDFInfo
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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Abstract
运输制冷系统(26)包括运输制冷单元(44)、能量存储设备(46)、供应制冷剂管(108)、返回制冷剂管(110)和至少一个电气路径(98)。运输制冷单元适于冷却集装箱。能量存储设备适于提供用于操作运输制冷单元的电能。供应制冷剂管使制冷剂从运输制冷单元流到能量存储设备,以及返回制冷剂管使制冷剂从能量存储设备流回到运输制冷单元,以冷却能量存储设备(46)中的电池。电气路径在运输制冷单元和能量存储设备之间延伸,并且至少将电能供应到运输制冷单元。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及运输制冷系统,并且更特别地涉及运输制冷系统的能量存储设备。
传统的制冷货物卡车或制冷牵引车挂车(诸如用于经由海、铁路或公路运输货物的那些)是卡车、挂车或货物集装箱,其通常限定了货物舱,并且被修改为包括位于卡车、挂车或货物集装箱的一端处的制冷系统。制冷系统典型地包括压缩机、冷凝器、膨胀阀和蒸发器,它们根据已知的制冷剂蒸气压缩循环由制冷剂管线串联连接在封闭的制冷剂回路中。诸如内燃机引擎的动力单元驱动制冷单元的压缩机,并且可以是柴油供能、天然气供能或其他类型的引擎。在许多牵引车挂车运输制冷系统中,压缩机由引擎轴通过皮带驱动或由机械轴对轴联结驱动。在其他系统中,制冷单元的引擎驱动发电机,发电机生成电功率,其继而驱动压缩机。
在当前的环境趋势下,特别是对于环境影响方面,期望改进运输制冷单元。对于环境友好的制冷单元,还期望改进能量存储单元的使用和可靠性。
发明内容
根据本公开的一个非限制性实施例的运输制冷系统包括运输制冷单元,其构造和布置成冷却集装箱;能量存储设备,其构造和布置成提供用于操作运输制冷单元的能量;供应制冷剂管,其用于使制冷剂从运输制冷单元流到能量存储设备;返回制冷剂管,其用于使制冷剂从能量存储设备流到运输制冷单元;以及至少一个电气路径,其可操作地联接在运输制冷单元和能量存储设备之间,以用于至少将电能供应到运输制冷单元。
除了前述实施例之外,能量存储设备远离运输制冷单元定位。
作为替代或其补充,在前述实施例中,其中能量存储设备远离运输制冷单元定位。
作为替代或其补充,在前述实施例中,集装箱是挂车,运输制冷单元安装到挂车的前壁,并且能量存储设备安装在挂车的底壁下方。
作为替代或其补充,在前述实施例中,能量存储设备包括能量存储单元和与用于冷却能量存储单元的供应制冷剂管和返回制冷剂管连通的蒸发器子系统。
作为替代或其补充,在前述实施例中,能量存储设备包括蒸发器热交换器,该蒸发器热交换器被构造和布置成接收来自供应制冷剂管的制冷剂并将制冷剂排出到返回制冷剂管线中。
作为替代或其补充,在前述实施例中,能量存储设备包括蒸发器风扇组件,该蒸发器风扇组件构造和布置成将空气吹送通过蒸发器热交换器。
作为替代或其补充,在前述实施例中,能量存储设备包括包围能量存储单元的罩壳,并且蒸发器热交换器是与罩壳接触并在罩壳周围延伸以用于导热传递的管。
作为替代或其补充,在前述实施例中,运输制冷单元包括构造和布置成压缩制冷剂的压缩机、配置成驱动压缩机的压缩机电机、可操作地联接到压缩机的冷凝器热交换器、配置成提供穿过冷凝器热交换器空气流的冷凝器风扇、用于驱动冷凝器风扇的冷凝器风扇电机、可操作地联接到压缩机的蒸发器热交换器、配置成提供穿过蒸发器热交换器的空气流的蒸发器风扇以及用于驱动蒸发器风扇的蒸发器风扇电机。
作为替代或其补充,在前述实施例中,供应制冷剂管在冷凝器热交换器和蒸发器热交换器之间与运输制冷单元连通。
作为替代或其补充,在前述实施例中,运输制冷系统包括适于控制制冷剂的流并且设置在运输制冷单元的接收器与冷凝器热交换器之间的控制阀,其中控制阀与供应制冷剂管连通。
作为替代或其补充,在前述实施例中,返回制冷剂管在蒸发器热交换器和压缩机之间与运输制冷单元连通。
作为替代或其补充,在前述实施例中,能量存储设备被构造和布置成向压缩机电机、冷凝器风扇电机和蒸发器风扇电机中的至少一个提供电能。
作为替代或其补充,在前述实施例中,能量存储单元是至少一个电池。
一种用于向制冷单元提供电能的远离能量存储设备,根据另一非限制性实施例的远离能量存储设备包括罩壳;设置在罩壳中的电池;以及蒸发器子系统,其包括热交换器,该热交换器被构造和布置成从制冷单元接收冷凝的制冷剂以冷却电池。
除了前述实施例之外,远离能量存储设备包括适于包围罩壳和蒸发器子系统的壳体,其中壳体是隔热的。
作为替代或其补充,在前述实施例中,蒸发器子系统包括蒸发器风扇组件,该蒸发器风扇组件构造和布置成使空气流过热交换器和电池周围。
作为替代或其补充,在前述实施例中,热交换器是包绕在罩壳周围并与罩壳直接接触以用于导热传递的管。
除非另外明确指示,否则前述特征和元件可以以各种组合进行组合而没有排他性。根据以下描述和附图,这些特征和元件及其操作将变得更加显而易见。然而,应理解,以下描述和附图旨在本质上是示例性而非限制性的。
附图说明
根据所公开的非限制性实施例的以下详细描述,各种特征对于本领域技术人员将变得显而易见。伴随详细描述的附图可以简要描述如下:
图1是具有如本公开的一个非限制性实施例的运输制冷系统的牵引车挂车系统的透视图;
图2是运输制冷系统的示意图;
图3是运输制冷系统的能量存储设备的示意图;以及
图4是能量存储设备的第二实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
参考图1,图示了本公开的牵引车挂车系统20。牵引车挂车系统20可以包括牵引车或卡车22、挂车24和运输制冷系统26。牵引车22可包括操作员的舱或驾驶室28,并且内燃机引擎30是牵引车22的动力总成或驱动系统的一部分。挂车24可以联接到牵引车22,并且因此被拖拉或推进到期望的目的地。挂车可包括顶壁32、与顶壁32相对并与顶壁32间隔开的底壁34、彼此间隔开并相对的两个侧壁36以及相对的前壁和后壁38,40,其中前壁38最接近牵引车22。挂车24可还包括在后壁40或任何其他壁处的门(未示出)。壁32、34、36、38、40一起限定了货物舱42的边界。进一步构想和理解的是,对于不同的货物温度要求,货物舱42也可以被分成两个或更多个较小的舱。
参照图1和图2,挂车24通常构造成将货物(未示出)存储在舱42中。运输制冷系统26通常可以集成到挂车24中,并且可以包括运输制冷单元(TRU)44和能量存储设备(ESD)46。TRU 44可以安装到前壁38,并且ESD 46通常可以远离地安装。在一个示例中,ESD 46可以固定到底壁34并安装在底壁34下方。
通过经由TRU 44对舱42的冷却,货物被保持在期望的温度,该TRU 44使空气流循环进入并通过挂车24的货物舱42。进一步构想和理解的是,运输制冷系统26可以应用于任何运输集装箱,而不一定应用于牵引车挂车系统中使用的那些。此外,运输集装箱可以是挂车24的一部分,并且构造成从挂车24的框架和轮子(未示出)中移除,以用于替代的运输方式(例如,海运、铁路、航空和其它)。
TRU 44的部件可包括压缩机组件48、冷凝器组件50、蒸发器组件52、接收器54、过滤干燥器56、制冷剂-到-制冷剂热交换器58、集液器59、热力膨胀阀60、吸入调节阀62和控制器64。控制器64可以与TRU 44一起本地地定位,并且可以包括基于计算机的处理器(例如,微处理器)和可以是计算机可读和可写的电子存储介质。压缩机组件48可包括压缩机66和用于驱动压缩机的电动压缩机电机68。压缩机66也可以由替代装置来驱动。
压缩机66和压缩机电机68可以经由互连驱动轴70联结。压缩机66、压缩机电机68和驱动轴70可以密封在公用壳体72内。在一些实施例中,压缩机电机68可以定位在压缩机壳体72的外部,其中互连驱动轴70穿过由压缩机壳体72支撑的轴密封件(未示出)。压缩机66可以是单个压缩机。单个压缩机可以是两级压缩机、涡旋式压缩机或适于压缩例如天然制冷剂的其他类型的压缩机。天然制冷剂可以是CO2、丙烷、氨或可以包括大约一(1)的全球变暖潜势(GWP)的任何其他天然制冷剂。
冷凝器组件50可包括冷凝器热交换器74、过冷器热交换器76和冷凝器风扇组件78,冷凝器风扇组件78用于使空气流过热交换器74、76。热交换器74、76可包括相应的管80、82。风扇组件78可包括至少一个风扇84和至少一个电动风扇电机86,电动风扇电机86用于驱动至少一个风扇84(即,图示的两个),该至少一个风扇84引起在相应的热交换器74、76的管80、82周围的空气流。构想的是,除了冷凝器风扇组件78之外,还可以应用替代装置来引起通过冷凝器热交换器74、76的空气流。进一步构想的是,除了使用电动风扇电机86之外,还可以应用替代装置来驱动冷凝器风扇84。
蒸发器组件52可包括蒸发器热交换器88和用于使空气流过热交换器88的蒸发器风扇组件90。热交换器88可以包括(一个或多个)管92。风扇组件90可包括至少一个风扇94和用于驱动至少一个风扇94(即,图示的三个)的至少一个电动风扇电机96,该至少一个风扇94在热交换器88的管92周围供应空气流。构想的是,除了蒸发器风扇组件90之外,还可以应用替代装置来引起通过蒸发器热交换器88的空气流。进一步构想的是,除了使用电动风扇电机96之外,还可以应用替代装置来驱动蒸发器风扇94。
运输制冷系统26可以进一步包括可以在ESD 46和控制器64之间延伸的电气路径或总线98。TRU 44可以进一步包括电气路径或总线100,其可以在控制器64与包括压缩机电机68、(一个或多个)冷凝器风扇电机86、蒸发器风扇电机96以及其他负载的各种电气负载之间延伸。尽管未图示,但是路径98、100可以包括可以是无线或硬连线的控制路径以及电源连线两者。在另一个实施例中,能量供应路径可以从ESD 46直接连线到电动电机68、86、96。
通过在压缩机组件48的压缩机66处开始,可以最好地理解TRU 44的操作,其中吸入气体(例如,天然制冷剂)在吸入端口102处进入压缩机66,并被压缩到较高的温度和压力。制冷剂气体在出口端口104处从压缩机66排放,并且然后可以流入冷凝器热交换器74的(一个或多个)管80。
跨多个冷凝器盘散热片(未示出)和管80流动的空气将气体冷却至饱和温度。由冷凝器风扇组件78促进跨冷凝器热交换器74的空气流。通过去除潜热,管80内的气体在高压下冷凝成高温液体,并且流到接收器54,该接收器54在低温操作期间为过量的液体制冷剂提供存储。液体制冷剂可从接收器54穿过冷凝器组件50的过冷器热交换器76,穿过保持制冷剂清洁和干燥的过滤干燥器56,然后流到制冷剂-到-制冷剂热交换器58(其增加制冷剂过冷度),并且最后流到热力膨胀阀60。
当液体制冷剂穿过膨胀阀60的孔口时,一些液体汽化成气体(即,闪蒸气体)。来自制冷空间(即,货物舱42)的返回空气流过管92的热传递表面和蒸发器热交换器88的散热片(未示出)。当制冷剂流过管92时,残留的液体制冷剂从返回空气吸收热,并且通过这样做,残留的液体制冷剂被汽化。由蒸发器风扇组件90促进跨蒸发器热交换器88的空气流。然后,以蒸汽形式的制冷剂可以从蒸发器热交换器88的(一个或多个)管92流到集液器59,该集液器59可以用来防止任何液体制冷剂进入压缩机66。以蒸汽形式的制冷剂从吸入集液器的上部被抽出通过吸入调节阀62并返回到压缩机66。
热力膨胀阀感测包106可以位于蒸发器管92的出口附近。感测包106旨在控制热力膨胀阀60,由此控制蒸发器管92的出口处的制冷剂过热度。进一步构想和理解的是,以上大体上描述了单级蒸气压缩系统,其可以用于许多不同的制冷剂,包括诸如丙烷和氨的天然制冷剂。也可以应用使用二氧化碳(CO2)制冷剂和可以是两级蒸气压缩系统的其他制冷剂系统。
参照图2和图3,运输制冷系统26还可包括各自在ESD 46和TRU 44之间延伸的供应制冷剂管108和返回制冷剂管110。ESD 46可以包括至少一个能量存储单元112(例如,电池或电池组)、蒸发器子系统114、大体上封闭的外壳体116和大体上封闭的罩壳118。壳体116和罩壳118中的一个或两者可以是隔热的。电池112可以位于罩壳118中。蒸发器子系统114和具有电池112的罩壳118可以位于壳体116中。
电池冷却或蒸发器子系统114可以包括风扇组件120、热交换器122、可以位于罩壳118中或暴露于罩壳118中的温度的温度传感器124、用于空气再循环(参见图3中的箭头128)的空气导管126、制冷剂-到-制冷剂热交换器129、热力膨胀阀131和热力膨胀阀感测包133。例如,由控制器64经由信号路径98命令并由从温度传感器124读取的温度数据来决定,风扇组件120适于使空气跨热交换器122流动。空气可以从热交换器122流过连通通过罩壳118的入口开口130、可以在电池112周围循环、经由出口开口132流出罩壳118。空气128可以从出口开口132流过空气导管126,并流回到风扇组件120以用于再循环。通常,电池因此可以主要经由热对流来冷却。构想并理解的是,导管126可以是壳体116和罩壳118中的一个或两者的集成部分。例如,管道壁可以是壳体116和罩壳118的部分。
供应制冷剂管108可在过滤干燥器56的出口和制冷剂-到-制冷剂热交换器129的入口之间延伸并可以与它们连通,该制冷剂-到-制冷剂热交换器129适于在蒸发器子系统114的蒸发器热交换器122之前增加制冷剂过冷度。更具体地,蒸发器子系统114可以进一步包括并置在在制冷剂-到-制冷剂热交换器58和过滤干燥器56之间延伸的制冷剂管线134中的控制阀135。供应制冷剂管108可以附接到控制阀130以与制冷剂管线134控制连通。当需要冷却电池112时,控制阀130可以由控制器64控制,以允许制冷剂流过供应制冷剂管108。返回制冷剂管110可在蒸发器子系统114的制冷剂-到-制冷剂热交换器129的出口与集液器59的入口(即,集液器59的上游和蒸发器管92的下游)之间延伸并与它们连通。尽管未图示,但是构想和理解的是,ESD 46可以包括适于与控制器46连通的任何类型的其他传感器,或独立控制器。例如,一个传感器可以测量电池112中剩余的能量的量。
运输制冷系统26可以仅由ESD 46供能,而所有负载(即,电机、控制器、阀等)是直流(DC)负载。可替代地,系统26可以包括发电机,该发电机可以由例如内燃机引擎(未示出)驱动。在此示例中,一些负载可能运行于交流(AC)功率,而其他负载运行于DC功率。进一步构想和理解的是,能量存储单元112可以是燃料电池或其他能够存储电能的装置。
参考图4,图示了ESD的第二实施例,其中除了添加了主符号后缀之外,与第一实施例相同的元件具有相同的标识数字。ESD 46'可以包括至少一个能量存储单元112'、蒸发器子系统114'、大体上封闭的外壳体116'和大体上封闭的罩壳118'。壳体116'可以是隔热的,而罩壳118'可以是导热的。能量存储单元112'可以位于罩壳118'中,或者罩壳可以是能量存储单元112'的集成部分(例如,能量存储单元的外壁)。蒸发器子系统114'和具有能量存储单元112'的罩壳118'可以位于壳体116'中。
与第一实施例相反的,蒸发器子系统114'可以不包括风扇组件,并且可以不需要空气导管。替代地,蒸发器子系统114'可以依靠热传导来冷却能量存储单元112'。更具体地,蒸发器子系统114'可以包括作为热交换器的(一个或多个)制冷剂管122',其与罩壳118'连续接触并且通常包绕在罩壳118'周围。可替代地,可以将流管122'直接机加工到罩壳118'中。罩壳118'可以由具有高导热系数的任何材料制成,并且可以至少部分地由铜或铝制成。
当与更传统的系统相比时,本公开的益处包括更低的燃料消耗,以及可以发出更少的噪声并且可以在重量上更轻的制冷单元。此外,本公开包括一种能量存储设备,其可以方便地且有效地再充能以满足制冷单元的功率需求,同时满足可以由管理/政府机构强制执行的内燃机引擎功率和排放要求。更进一步,本公开提供了一种用于冷却能量存储单元而因此延长了单元的寿命的装置。
尽管参考附图描述了本公开,但是本领域技术人员将理解,在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下,可以进行各种改变并且可以替换等同物。另外,在不脱离本发明的实质范围的情况下,可以应用各种修改以使本公开的教导适于特定情况、应用和/或材料。因此,本公开不限于本文中公开的特定示例,而是包括落入所附权利要求的范围内的所有实施例。
Claims (18)
1.一种运输制冷系统,其包括:
运输制冷单元,其构造和布置成冷却集装箱;
能量存储设备,其构造和布置成提供用于操作所述运输制冷单元的能量;
供应制冷剂管,其用于使制冷剂从所述运输制冷单元流到所述能量存储设备;
返回制冷剂管,其用于使所述制冷剂从所述能量存储设备流到所述运输制冷单元;以及
至少一个电气路径,其可操作地联接在所述运输制冷单元和所述能量存储设备之间,以用于至少将电能供应到所述运输制冷单元。
2.根据权利要求1所述的运输制冷系统,其中所述能量存储设备由所述运输制冷单元可控制地冷却。
3.根据权利要求1所述的运输制冷系统,其中所述能量存储设备远离所述运输制冷单元定位。
4.根据权利要求1所述的运输制冷系统,其中所述集装箱是挂车,所述运输制冷单元安装到所述挂车的前壁,并且所述能量存储设备安装在所述挂车的底壁下方。
5.根据权利要求1所述的运输制冷系统,其中所述能量存储设备包括能量存储单元和与用于冷却所述能量存储单元的所述供应制冷剂管和返回制冷剂管连通的蒸发器子系统。
6.根据权利要求5所述的运输制冷系统,其中所述能量存储设备包括蒸发器热交换器,所述蒸发器热交换器被构造和布置成接收来自所述供应制冷剂管的所述制冷剂并将所述制冷剂排出到所述返回制冷剂管线中。
7.根据权利要求6所述的运输制冷系统,其中所述能量存储设备包括蒸发器风扇组件,所述蒸发器风扇组件构造和布置成将空气吹送通过所述蒸发器热交换器。
8.根据权利要求6所述的运输制冷系统,其中所述能量存储设备包括包围所述能量存储单元的罩壳,并且所述蒸发器热交换器是与所述罩壳接触并在所述罩壳周围延伸以用于导热传递的管。
9.根据权利要求1所述的运输制冷系统,其中所述运输制冷单元包括构造和布置成压缩所述制冷剂的压缩机、配置成驱动所述压缩机的压缩机电机、可操作地联接到所述压缩机的冷凝器热交换器、配置成提供穿过所述冷凝器热交换器的空气流的冷凝器风扇、用于驱动所述冷凝器风扇的冷凝器风扇电机、可操作地联接到所述压缩机的蒸发器热交换器、配置成提供穿过所述蒸发器热交换器的空气流的蒸发器风扇,以及用于驱动所述蒸发器风扇的蒸发器风扇电机。
10.根据权利要求9所述的运输制冷系统,其中所述供应制冷剂管在所述冷凝器热交换器和所述蒸发器热交换器之间与所述运输制冷单元连通。
11.根据权利要求10所述的运输制冷系统,还包括:
控制阀,其适于控制制冷剂的流并且设置在所述运输制冷单元的接收器与所述冷凝器热交换器之间,其中所述控制阀与所述供应制冷剂管连通。
12.根据权利要求10所述的运输制冷系统,其中所述返回制冷剂管在所述蒸发器热交换器和所述压缩机之间与所述运输制冷单元连通。
13.根据权利要求9所述的运输制冷系统,其中所述能量存储设备被构造和布置成向所述压缩机电机、所述冷凝器风扇电机和所述蒸发器风扇电机中的至少一个提供电能。
14.根据权利要求5所述的运输制冷系统,其中所述能量存储单元是至少一个电池。
15.一种用于向制冷单元提供电能的远离能量存储设备,所述远离能量存储设备包括:
罩壳;
设置在所述罩壳中的电池;以及
蒸发器子系统,其包括热交换器,所述热交换器构造和布置成从所述制冷单元接收冷凝的制冷剂以冷却所述电池。
16.根据权利要求15所述的远离能量存储设备,还包括:
适于包围所述罩壳和所述蒸发器子系统的壳体,其中所述壳体是隔热的。
17.根据权利要求15所述的远离能量存储设备,其中所述蒸发器子系统包括蒸发器风扇组件,所述蒸发器风扇组件构造和布置成使空气流过所述热交换器和所述电池周围。
18.根据权利要求15所述的远离能量存储设备,其中所述热交换器是包绕在所述罩壳周围并与所述罩壳直接接触以用于导热传递的管。
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| WO2018226649A1 (en) | 2018-12-13 |
| US20250010684A1 (en) | 2025-01-09 |
| US20200139790A1 (en) | 2020-05-07 |
| US11565568B2 (en) | 2023-01-31 |
| ES2973256T3 (es) | 2024-06-19 |
| CN111183050A (zh) | 2020-05-19 |
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| US20230117165A1 (en) | 2023-04-20 |
| US12138986B2 (en) | 2024-11-12 |
| EP3634793A1 (en) | 2020-04-15 |
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