CN111138811A - 一种全生物降解塑料包装材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种全生物降解塑料包装材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种全生物降解塑料包装材料，它由下列组分混合挤出而成，按重量份计：无机填料70～90份、生物降解聚合物10～30份、偶联剂0.5～3份、增塑剂2～5份。本发明还公开了一种全生物降解塑料包装材料的制备方法。本发明的全生物降解塑料包装材料在使用后，能在自然环境中消纳为碎片或粉末，并进一步降解为二氧化碳和水，以及无机矿物，解决了白色污染的问题，是真正绿色环保的包装材料。并且全生物降解塑料包装材料中无机填料的含量非常高，达到70%以上，极大幅度的降低了制作成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包装材料技术领域，具体的说是涉及一种全生物降解塑料包装材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着人类经济和社会的发展，塑料包装材料的需求量与日俱增，以每年5%的速度增长。常见的用作包装材料的塑料品种有聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯等，伴随塑料的大量使用出现了两个严重的问题：一方面塑料工业的原料绝大部分来自石油，随着石油和天然气资源逐渐减少甚至枯竭，塑料工业将面临着原材料短缺的局面；另一方面，由于塑料不容易分解和回收成为了随处可见的白色污染，破坏了生态环境。因此，越来越多的人和国家提倡开发和应用完全生物降解塑料。完全生物降解塑料在自然界或特定条件下，由自然界存在的微生物作用降解，并可以完全降解为二氧化碳或甲烷、水等，为环境低负荷材料。另外，相当一部份生物降解塑料的主要原料可从年年再生的农业资源中获取，作为有限的、日趋枯竭的不可再生的石油资源的补充替代。
目前已开发的生物降解塑料有几十种，其中已工业化生产的可完全生物降解塑料主要包括聚乳酸(PLA)、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)、聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)、聚羟基丁酸酯（PHB）、聚己内酯（PCL）等，在医疗用材、农林渔业、包装业、卫生用品等领域有着非常广泛的应用，已有众多工业化的产品投放市场，如堆肥袋、一次性餐具、农用地膜、包装膜、渔具、尿布、手术捆扎线等。现有的可完全生物降解的脂肪族聚酯/淀粉复合材料及其制备方法，主要由对二氧环己酮聚合物、淀粉和增容剂组成，在完全生物降解的脂肪族聚酯中加入廉价的无机填料碳酸钙进行填充，可采用挤出、模塑、注塑、纺丝等多种加工方法加工中不同的制品。其中碳酸钙的含量为25～50%。如何进一步提高碳酸钙的含量，开发真正意义上的高填充的可完全生物降解包装材料，对此相关报道比较少，市场上相关包装制品鲜有出售。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种全生物降解塑料包装材料及其制备方法，以克服上述现有技术的不足。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种全生物降解塑料包装材料，它由下列组分混合挤出而成，按重量份计：无机填料70～90份、生物降解聚合物10～30份、偶联剂0.5～3份、增塑剂2～5份。
所述无机填料为碳酸钙、碳酸镁、硫酸钙、硫酸镁、粉煤灰、粘土、滑石粉、云母粉、高岭土、钛白粉、白垩或镁砂粉中的一种或几种混合物。
所述生物降解聚合物为聚丁二酸丁二醇酯、聚乳酸、聚乙交酯、聚己内酯、淀粉、聚乙烯醇中的一种或几种混合物。
所述偶联剂为钛系偶联剂、铝系偶联剂、铝钛复合偶联剂。
所述增塑剂为多元醇类或柠檬酸酯类，多元醇可为乙二醇、丙三醇、山梨醇；柠檬酸酯类可为柠檬酸三丁酯(TBC)、柠檬酸三辛酯(TOC)、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC)、乙酰柠檬酸三辛酯(ATOC)。
本发明的全生物降解塑料包装材料的制备方法，它包括如下具体步骤：
1）将无机填料粉碎，取1000～2500目粒度，在干燥器内于100～200℃温度下干燥至含水量≤0.5%；
2）将步骤1）中的无机填料和设定比例的偶联剂在高混机内搅拌，加热活化，混合10～20min，温度为80～120℃；
3）将步骤2）中活化的无机填料、生物降解聚合物、增塑剂按设定比例在高混机内混合均匀；
4）将步骤3）中的混合物与挤出机中挤压造粒，挤出温度为150～200℃。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明的全生物降解塑料包装材料在使用后，能在自然环境中消纳为碎片或粉末，并进一步降解为二氧化碳和水，以及无机矿物，解决了白色污染的问题，是真正绿色环保的包装材料。并且全生物降解塑料包装材料中无机填料的含量非常高，达到70%以上，极大幅度的降低了制作成本。本发明的全生物降解塑料包装材料生产成本低，制备工艺简单，经济实用性强。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例：
本发明的全生物降解塑料包装材料，它由下列组分混合挤出而成，按重量份计：无机填料80份、生物降解聚合物16份、偶联剂2份、增塑剂2份。
所述无机填料为碳酸钙、碳酸镁、粉煤灰、粘土、滑石粉、钛白粉、镁砂粉几种混合物。
所述生物降解聚合物为聚丁二酸丁二醇酯、聚乳酸、聚乙交酯、淀粉、聚乙烯醇几种混合物。
所述偶联剂为钛系偶联剂、铝系偶联剂、铝钛复合偶联剂。
所述增塑剂为多元醇类，多元醇可为乙二醇、丙三醇、山梨醇。
本发明的全生物降解塑料包装材料的制备方法，它包括如下具体步骤：
1）将无机填料粉碎，取1000～2500目粒度，在干燥器内于150℃温度下干燥至含水量≤0.5%；
2）将步骤1）中的无机填料和设定比例的偶联剂在高混机内搅拌，加热活化，混合15min，温度为100℃；
3）将步骤2）中活化的无机填料、生物降解聚合物、增塑剂按设定比例在高混机内混合均匀；
4）将步骤3）中的混合物与挤出机中挤压造粒，挤出温度为180℃。
本发明采用常规的熔融共混方法和设备进行制备，先将无机填料在100～200℃干燥2～4小时，以除去水分；然后将偶联剂按照一定配比与干燥后的碳酸钙在高速搅拌机中充分混合搅拌后，将混配好的碳酸钙、可生物降解聚合物和增塑剂按比例混合在挤出机中挤出造粒，制得全生物降解塑料包装材料。根据制品要求，可将此包装材料进行吹塑、注塑、模压等加工方式加工成各种包装材料。采用本例的全生物降解塑料包装材料，在常温下土埋45天后开始降解，5～6个月全部降解。
Claims (6)
1.一种全生物降解塑料包装材料，其特征在于：它由下列组分混合挤出而成，按重量份计：无机填料70～90份、生物降解聚合物10～30份、偶联剂0.5～3份、增塑剂2～5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的全生物降解塑料包装材料，其特征在于：所述无机填料为碳酸钙、碳酸镁、硫酸钙、硫酸镁、粉煤灰、粘土、滑石粉、云母粉、高岭土、钛白粉、白垩或镁砂粉中的一种或几种混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的全生物降解塑料包装材料，其特征在于：所述生物降解聚合物为聚丁二酸丁二醇酯、聚乳酸、聚乙交酯、聚己内酯、淀粉、聚乙烯醇中的一种或几种混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的全生物降解塑料包装材料，其特征在于：所述偶联剂为钛系偶联剂、铝系偶联剂、铝钛复合偶联剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的全生物降解塑料包装材料，其特征在于：所述增塑剂为多元醇类或柠檬酸酯类，多元醇可为乙二醇、丙三醇、山梨醇；柠檬酸酯类可为柠檬酸三丁酯(TBC)、柠檬酸三辛酯(TOC)、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC)、乙酰柠檬酸三辛酯(ATOC)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种全生物降解塑料包装材料的制备方法，其特征在于：它包括如下具体步骤：
1）将无机填料粉碎，取1000～2500目粒度，在干燥器内于100～200℃温度下干燥至含水量≤0.5%；
2）将步骤1）中的无机填料和设定比例的偶联剂在高混机内搅拌，加热活化，混合10～20min，温度为80～120℃；
3）将步骤2）中活化的无机填料、生物降解聚合物、增塑剂按设定比例在高混机内混合均匀；
4）将步骤3）中的混合物与挤出机中挤压造粒，挤出温度为150～200℃。
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| CN111574754A (zh) * | 2020-06-13 | 2020-08-25 | 嘉善天惠服饰有限公司 | 一种全生物降解纽扣的基本配方 |
| CN112679926A (zh) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-20 | 海南赛诺实业有限公司 | 一种高结晶性的改性pga材料及其制备方法 |
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