CN111138203A - 原位固化的高固含量陶瓷浆料的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
原位固化的高固含量陶瓷浆料的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111138203A CN111138203A CN202010041381.3A CN202010041381A CN111138203A CN 111138203 A CN111138203 A CN 111138203A CN 202010041381 A CN202010041381 A CN 202010041381A CN 111138203 A CN111138203 A CN 111138203A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic
- solid content
- ceramic slurry
- slurry
- situ
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims description 33
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M N,N,N-Trimethylmethanaminium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)C OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052575 non-oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011225 non-oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- IPILPUZVTYHGIL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributyl(methyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](C)(CCCC)CCCC IPILPUZVTYHGIL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 15
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000015895 biscuits Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004569 hydrophobicizing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004890 Hydrophobing Agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical group O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/632—Organic additives
- C04B35/634—Polymers
- C04B35/63404—Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/632—Organic additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5445—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof submicron sized, i.e. from 0,1 to 1 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
- C04B2235/6022—Injection moulding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及陶瓷湿法成型技术领域,具体涉及一种原位固化的高固含量陶瓷浆料的制备方法及其应用。所述原位固化的高固含量陶瓷浆料的制备方法,在水中加入分散剂、疏水剂,搅拌溶解使二者充分反应后加入陶瓷粉体,球磨制得高固含量陶瓷浆料;所述分散剂为含有羧基(‑COO‑)的阴离子型分散剂;所述疏水剂为短链的阳离子表面活性物质。本发明的目的原位固化的高固含量陶瓷浆料的制备方法,具有添加剂种类少、添加量少、可以制备高固含量浆料的特征,而且固化在室温空气条件下自发发生;本发明还提供其应用,用于制备高致密陶瓷材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷湿法成型技术领域,具体涉及一种原位固化的高固含量陶瓷浆料的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
湿法成型是一类重要的陶瓷成型方法,其特征是实现浆料(悬浮液)向湿坯的转变。根据固化方式,湿法成型主要可以分为两种类型:一种是通过固液分离的途径获得湿坯,包括:注浆成型(Journal of the American Ceramic Society,1986,69:882-887)、压滤成型(美国专利US4624808)、流延成型(Materials Science and Engineering:B,2016,212:39-61)和离心沉淀(Journal of the American Ceramic Society,1990,73:207-212)等,此类方法成型的素坯致密度较低且容易存在密度梯度;另外一种是通过流体原位固化形成固体,包括:高分子添加物转变(淀粉(Journal of the European Ceramic Society,1998,18:131-140)、琼脂(British Ceramic Transactions,1999,98:58-61))、注凝成型(Journal of the American Ceramic Society,1991,74:612-618)和直接凝固成型(Chemtech,1995,25:31-37)。
其中,固液分离成型在固液分离时容易导致密度梯度问题,而原位固化成型则不存在上述问题,但是高分子添加物转变存在固含量低的问题,注凝成型中的自由基聚合体系添加剂种类多达五种,且存在氧阻聚问题,而直接凝固成型(DCC)需要通过诱发因素(温度、pH值或引发剂等等)引起浆料状态变化实现固化,应用材料体系范围受诱发因素限制。同时,原位固化成型的湿坯在干燥过程会排出大量水分,体积发生收缩,这会导致变形或开裂问题。已有研究结果表明,当浆料的固含量从50vol%提升到58vol%时,干燥收缩将由4.6%减小到1.5%(Journal of Materials Research,2014.29(02):p.247-251),从而大幅度降低干燥导致的开裂风险。因此,高固含量浆料的制备成为原位固化成型的关键。
专利CN106316456B和CN106518095B中提出了一种新的可以原位固化的泡沫陶瓷浆料的制备方法,即在球磨制备浆料过程中添加表面活性剂,对颗粒进行疏水改性,获得疏水改性的陶瓷浆料,通过机械搅拌获得均匀的泡沫并利用疏水化的颗粒实现气泡稳定,再利用疏水作用促使浆料固化。这种方法有机物添加量少,但是所添加的疏水剂为长链表面活性剂,显著增大了浆料的粘度;而且,由于长链表面活性剂的存在导致浆料在球磨过程中会引入并固定气泡,后续即使通过脱气也难以消除,因此,无法制备高致密的陶瓷材料。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种原位固化的高固含量陶瓷浆料的制备方法,具有添加剂种类少、添加量少、可以制备高固含量浆料的特征,而且固化在室温空气条件下自发发生;本发明还提供其应用,用于制备高致密陶瓷材料。
本发明所述原位固化的高固含量陶瓷浆料的制备方法,在水中加入分散剂、疏水剂,搅拌溶解使二者充分反应后加入陶瓷粉体,球磨制得高固含量陶瓷浆料;
所述分散剂为含有羧基(-COO-)的阴离子型分散剂;
所述疏水剂为短链的阳离子表面活性物质。
由于所带电荷的不同,疏水剂可以和分散剂结合从而提高分散剂的疏水性,疏水作用使得陶瓷粉体颗粒在高剪切速率下保持规律的排布从而利于制备高固含量浆料,同时疏水链间的相互吸引作用使得浆料可以原位固化。
陶瓷粉体为氧化物陶瓷粉体和/或非氧化物陶瓷粉体,优选为氧化铝、镁铝尖晶石、氧化锆、碳化硅、氮化硅中的至少一种。
分散剂为聚丙烯酸胺、异丁烯与马来酸酐共聚物中的至少一种。
疏水剂为四甲基氢氧化铵、四甲基氯化铵、四乙基氯化铵、甲基三丁基氯化铵中的至少一种。
疏水剂的加入量为陶瓷粉体质量的0.1-1%,优选为0.1-0.5%。
分散剂的加入量为陶瓷粉体质量的0.2-1%,优选为0.2-0.5%。
球磨混合的时间为60-120min。
高固含量陶瓷浆料的固含量为40-58vol%,优选45-55vol%。
本发明先将分散剂和疏水剂反应,再加入陶瓷粉体,所制备的浆料粘度低,易于脱泡,所制备的素坯具有较小的干燥收缩率,所制备的陶瓷材料具有更高致密度和更高硬度。
本发明所述的原位固化的高固含量陶瓷浆料的制备方法所制备的高固含量陶瓷浆料的应用,用于制备高密度陶瓷材料,将高固含量陶瓷浆料浇注入模具中,浆料在室温下放置20-30h进行固化,之后干燥、脱模,制得高密度陶瓷材料。
在原位固化过程中,利用疏水剂对分散剂进行改性,从而导致陶瓷颗粒疏水化,通过疏水作用使浆料固化,无需其他添加剂,成型的陶瓷素坯结构均匀、致密,具有较高的强度。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明通过在陶瓷浆料的制备过程中加入含有羧基(-COO-)的阴离子型分散剂和短链的阳离子表面活性物质疏水剂,利用两者所带电荷的不同,疏水剂可以和分散剂结合从而提高分散剂的疏水性,疏水作用使得颗粒在高剪切速率下保持规律的排布,从而提高浆料最高固含量,制备高固含量浆料,并减少干燥收缩;
(2)本发明利用分散剂和疏水剂的疏水链间的相互吸引作用,使浆料在室温空气气氛下原位固化,且分散剂和疏水剂的添加量很少;
(3)本发明的制备方法可用于氧化物粉体和/或非氧化物粉体,方法适用性广;
(4)本发明制备的高固含量陶瓷浆料制备的陶瓷素坯结构均匀、致密,具有较高的强度。
附图说明
图1为以异丁烯与马来酸酐共聚物作为分散剂为例介绍疏水改性反应;
图2为以聚丙烯酸铵作为分散剂为例介绍疏水改性反应;
图3为实施例1-4和对比例1的粘度(a)图;
图4为实施例1-4和对比例1的储能模量(b)图;
图5为实施例5所制备的浆料的粘度(a)图;
图6为实施例5所制备的浆料的储能模量(b)图;
图7为实施例6和实施例7所制备的浆料的粘度(a)图;
图8为实施例6和实施例7所制备的浆料的储能模量(b)图;
图9为实施例8和对比例2所制备的浆料的粘度(a)图;
图10为实施例8和对比例2所制备的浆料的储能模量(b)图;
图11为对比例4所制备的浆料的粘度图。
具体实施方式
以下示例性地说明本发明提供的高固含量陶瓷浆料的制备及其应用。
制备水基陶瓷浆料:在水中加入分散剂、疏水剂,搅拌溶解使二者充分反应后加入陶瓷粉体,球磨制得陶瓷浆料。制备水基陶瓷浆料的粉体可选用氧化铝、镁铝尖晶石、氧化锆等氧化物陶瓷粉体或碳化硅、氮化硅等非氧化物陶瓷粉体或复合陶瓷粉体。水基陶瓷浆料的固含量在40-58vol%,优选45-55vol%。分散剂为阴离子型分散剂,吸附在陶瓷颗粒表面通过静电斥力及空间位阻作用达到良好的分散效果,而所选用的疏水剂为短链的阳离子表面活性物质,因为所带电荷的不同,疏水剂可以和分散剂结合从而提高分散剂的疏水性,疏水作用使得颗粒在高剪切速率下保持规律的排布从而利于制备高固含量浆料,同时疏水链间的相互吸引作用使得浆料可以原位固化。
浆料原位固化成型:将所述水基陶瓷浆料浇注入模具中,浆料自发固化,固化环境为空气,温度为室温,之后干燥、脱模,制得陶瓷素坯。
总的来说,本发明利用短链疏水剂对分散剂进行改性,从而导致陶瓷颗粒疏水化,通过疏水作用使浆料固化。使用这种方法可以使浆料原位固化,无需其他添加剂,并且可以提高浆料最高固含量,制备高固含量浆料,成型的陶瓷素坯结构均匀、致密,具有较高的强度。
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明的保护范围不仅限于此,该领域专业人员对本发明技术方案所作的改变,均应属于本发明的保护范围内。所述方法如无特别说明均为常规方法,所述原材料如无特别说明均能从公开商业途径而得。
实施例1
(1)制备高固含量陶瓷浆料:在超纯水中添加0.3wt%(相对于氧化铝粉体质量)的异丁烯与马来酸酐共聚物(商品名称Isobam600AF)为分散剂,0.1wt%(相对于氧化铝粉体质量)的四甲基氯化铵为疏水剂,搅拌溶解使二者充分反应后,加入中位粒径D50=250nm氧化铝粉体,通过球磨制备分散均匀、固含量为50vol%的陶瓷浆料;
(2)浆料固化:将上述水基浆料注入塑料模具中,放置24小时后,脱模,室温干燥48小时制得陶瓷素坯。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1的不同点仅在于添加0.2wt%(相对于粉体质量)四甲基氯化铵为疏水剂。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1的不同点仅在于添加0.3wt%(相对于粉体质量)四甲基氯化铵为疏水剂。
实施例4
本实施例与实施例1的不同点仅在于添加0.4wt%(相对于粉体质量)四甲基氯化铵为疏水剂。
对比例1
本对比例与实施例1的不同点仅在于不加入疏水剂四甲基氯化铵。
将实施例1-4和对比例1制备的高固含量陶瓷浆料进行粘度和储能模量测试,测试结果如图3、4所示。
从图3可以看出,疏水链的引入虽然会稍稍增加浆料粘度,但是浆料粘度依然很低,不影响浆料的操作性能;从图4可以看出,在未引入疏水的对比例1中,浆料无法固化,而引入了疏水链的实施例1-4,浆料固化,且随着疏水分子数目的增加,浆料固化速度加快。
实施例5
本实施例与实施例4的不同点仅在于添加0.3wt%(相对于粉体质量)的聚丙烯酸铵作为分散剂,将实施例5制备的高固含量陶瓷浆料进行粘度和储能模量测试,测试结果如图5、6所示。
从图5和图6可以看出,疏水改性对于分散剂聚丙烯酸铵同样适用,疏水链的引入使得聚丙烯酸铵有了固化能力,可以实现浆料的原位固化。
实施例6
本实施例与实施例4的不同点仅在于添加0.1wt%(相对于粉体质量)四乙基氯化铵为疏水剂,且陶瓷粉体采用氧化钇和氧化铝复合粉体。
实施例7
本实施例与实施例4的不同点仅在于添加0.1wt%(相对于粉体质量)甲基三丁基氯化铵为疏水剂,且陶瓷粉体采用氮化硅粉体。
将实施例6、7制备的高固含量陶瓷浆料进行粘度和储能模量测试,测试结果如图7、8所示。
从图7和图8可以看出,可以看到不同的短链疏水剂均可以使分散剂具有固化能力,且对于不同的陶瓷粉体,复合陶瓷粉体或非氧化物陶瓷粉体均可实现固化。
实施例8
本实施例与实施例1的不同点仅在于陶瓷浆料固含量为58vol%。
对比例2
本对比例与实施例8的不同点仅在于不加入疏水剂四甲基氯化铵。
将实施例8和对比例2制备的高固含量陶瓷浆料进行粘度和储能模量测试,测试结果如图9、10所示。
从图9可以看出,对比例2中没有疏水改性的浆料在高剪切速率下呈现剪切增稠现象,导致浆料无法浇注,实施例8中疏水改性的浆料呈现剪切变稀现象,在100s-1处粘度为1.3pa·s,利于脱泡和后续的浇注;从图10可以看出,引入了疏水链的浆料可以实现原位固化。
对比例3
本对比例与实施例8的不同点仅在于添加0.4wt%(相对于粉体质量)长链疏水剂十二烷基三甲基氯化铵替代疏水剂四甲基氯化铵。
试验结果发现:长链疏水剂和分散剂反应后生成胶状物质,过长的疏水链使得分散剂在水中失去溶解性,不能起到分散作用,从而无法配制浆料,所以长链疏水剂不适用于本发明的制备方法。
对比例4
本对比例采用专利CN106518095B中引入疏水剂的顺序,即先配制浆料后加入疏水剂,具体步骤如下:
(1)制备陶瓷浆料:以中位粒径D50=250nm氧化铝粉体为原料,以超纯水为溶剂,添加0.3wt%(相对于氧化铝粉体质量)的异丁烯与马来酸酐共聚物(商品名称Isobam600AF)为分散剂,通过球磨制备分散均匀、固含量为58vol%的陶瓷浆料;
(2)疏水改性分散剂:向步骤(1)制备的陶瓷浆料中加入0.1wt%(相对于氧化铝粉体质量)的四甲基氯化铵为疏水剂,继续球磨20min,得到可原位固化的陶瓷浆料;
(3)将步骤(2)制备的陶瓷浆料注入塑料模具中,放置24小时后,脱模,室温干燥48小时制得陶瓷素坯。
将对比例4制备的高固含量陶瓷浆料进行粘度测试,测试结果如图11所示。
从图11可以看出,对比例4制备陶瓷浆料粘度非常大,在100s-1处粘度为113pa·s,这时浆料中的气泡难以排除,无法用于制备高致密陶瓷。
对比相同条件下两种陶瓷浆料制备的陶瓷制品的性能。
将实施例8和对比例4制备的陶瓷素坯在1550℃煅烧2小时,然后冷却,得到氧化铝陶瓷。对陶瓷素坯的干燥收缩率和陶瓷制品的密度、维氏硬度进行测试,测试结果如表1所示。
表1实施例8和对比例4制备的氧化铝陶瓷指标
| 项目 | 实施例8 | 对比例4 |
| 密度(g/cm<sup>3</sup>) | 3.96 | 3.88 |
| 维氏硬度(GPa) | 17.6 | 16.8 |
| 干燥收缩率(%) | 1.6 | 1.8 |
从表1可以看出,与对比例4相比,实施例8所制备的素坯具有较小的干燥收缩率,所制备的陶瓷具有更高致密度和更高硬度。
Claims (9)
1.一种原位固化的高固含量陶瓷浆料的制备方法,其特征在于:在水中加入分散剂、疏水剂,搅拌溶解使二者充分反应后加入陶瓷粉体,球磨制得高固含量陶瓷浆料;
所述分散剂为含有羧基的阴离子型分散剂;
所述疏水剂为短链的阳离子表面活性物质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的原位固化的高固含量陶瓷浆料的制备方法,其特征在于:陶瓷粉体为氧化物陶瓷粉体和/或非氧化物陶瓷粉体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的原位固化的高固含量陶瓷浆料的制备方法,其特征在于:分散剂为聚丙烯酸胺、异丁烯与马来酸酐共聚物中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的原位固化的高固含量陶瓷浆料的制备方法,其特征在于:疏水剂为四甲基氢氧化铵、四甲基氯化铵、四乙基氯化铵、甲基三丁基氯化铵中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的原位固化的高固含量陶瓷浆料的制备方法,其特征在于:疏水剂的加入量为陶瓷粉体质量的0.1-1%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的原位固化的高固含量陶瓷浆料的制备方法,其特征在于:分散剂的加入量为陶瓷粉体质量的0.2-1%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的原位固化的高固含量陶瓷浆料的制备方法,其特征在于:球磨混合的时间为60-120min。
8.根据权利要求1所述的原位固化的高固含量陶瓷浆料的制备方法,其特征在于:高固含量陶瓷浆料的固含量为40-58vol%。
9.一种权利要求1-8任一项所述的原位固化的高固含量陶瓷浆料的制备方法所制备的高固含量陶瓷浆料的应用,其特征在于:用于制备高密度陶瓷材料,将高固含量陶瓷浆料浇注入模具中,浆料在室温下放置20-30h进行固化,之后干燥、脱模,制得高密度陶瓷材料。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010041381.3A CN111138203A (zh) | 2020-01-15 | 2020-01-15 | 原位固化的高固含量陶瓷浆料的制备方法及其应用 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010041381.3A CN111138203A (zh) | 2020-01-15 | 2020-01-15 | 原位固化的高固含量陶瓷浆料的制备方法及其应用 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111138203A true CN111138203A (zh) | 2020-05-12 |
Family
ID=70525137
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010041381.3A Pending CN111138203A (zh) | 2020-01-15 | 2020-01-15 | 原位固化的高固含量陶瓷浆料的制备方法及其应用 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111138203A (zh) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113582699A (zh) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-11-02 | 武汉工程大学 | 一种低粘度、高固含量的陶瓷浆料及其制备方法 |
| CN115246158A (zh) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-10-28 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | 一种高密度陶瓷素坯的制备方法 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104446515A (zh) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-03-25 | 深圳市星源材质科技股份有限公司 | 锂离子电池隔膜的高固含量水性陶瓷浆料及其加工方法 |
| CN105084890A (zh) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-25 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种高固低粘陶瓷浆料的制备方法 |
| CN106478104A (zh) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-03-08 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | 一种新型凝胶浇注结合固相烧结制备碳化硅陶瓷的方法 |
| CN108748611A (zh) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-06 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | 一种陶瓷坯体的成型方法 |
| CN110423135A (zh) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-08 | 东莞精陶科技有限公司 | 多孔氧化铝陶瓷及其制作方法 |
-
2020
- 2020-01-15 CN CN202010041381.3A patent/CN111138203A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104446515A (zh) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-03-25 | 深圳市星源材质科技股份有限公司 | 锂离子电池隔膜的高固含量水性陶瓷浆料及其加工方法 |
| CN105084890A (zh) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-25 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种高固低粘陶瓷浆料的制备方法 |
| CN106478104A (zh) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-03-08 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | 一种新型凝胶浇注结合固相烧结制备碳化硅陶瓷的方法 |
| CN108748611A (zh) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-06 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | 一种陶瓷坯体的成型方法 |
| CN110423135A (zh) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-08 | 东莞精陶科技有限公司 | 多孔氧化铝陶瓷及其制作方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 毛小建: "自发凝固成型研究进展", 《现代技术陶瓷》 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115246158A (zh) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-10-28 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | 一种高密度陶瓷素坯的制备方法 |
| CN115246158B (zh) * | 2021-04-28 | 2024-04-12 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | 一种高密度陶瓷素坯的制备方法 |
| CN113582699A (zh) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-11-02 | 武汉工程大学 | 一种低粘度、高固含量的陶瓷浆料及其制备方法 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN108748611B (zh) | 一种陶瓷坯体的成型方法 | |
| Si et al. | Direct coagulation casting of silicon carbide components | |
| CN106588074B (zh) | 一种注浆成型结合真空发泡工艺制备梯度多孔陶瓷的方法 | |
| CN105645967B (zh) | 一种高度定向通孔多孔氮化硅陶瓷材料的制备方法 | |
| CN104230345A (zh) | 一种多孔氮化硅陶瓷材料的制备方法 | |
| CN115551818A (zh) | 陶瓷烧结体的制造方法和陶瓷烧结体 | |
| US5948335A (en) | Method for the forming of ceramic green parts | |
| CN111138203A (zh) | 原位固化的高固含量陶瓷浆料的制备方法及其应用 | |
| Hruschka et al. | Processing of β‐Silicon Nitride from Water‐Based alpha‐Silicon Nitride, Alumina, and Yttria Powder Suspensions | |
| US5696041A (en) | High solids silicon nitride aqueous slurries | |
| CN108484201B (zh) | 一种低收缩率多孔氮化硅陶瓷及其制备方法 | |
| EP0605694B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung keramischer grünkörper | |
| CN108863435B (zh) | 一种由铝溶胶自凝胶成型制备氧化铝泡沫陶瓷的方法 | |
| JPH10130076A (ja) | 多孔質セラミックスの製造方法 | |
| CN109516813B (zh) | 一种直接水注成型制备高透光性AlON透明陶瓷的方法 | |
| KR100434830B1 (ko) | 다중 입도분포 분말의 균일 원심성형체 제조방법 | |
| JPH029777A (ja) | 繊維強化セラミック成形体及びその製造方法 | |
| JP4047956B2 (ja) | 炭化ケイ素粉末の成形方法 | |
| JPH04231365A (ja) | 燒結可能粉末を含有する注下成形用組成物 | |
| Persson | Surface and colloid chemistry in ceramic casting operations | |
| JP4701494B2 (ja) | 炭化硼素焼結体の製造方法 | |
| CN117303914A (zh) | 塑性陶瓷素坯的制备方法 | |
| JP3463885B2 (ja) | セラミック多孔体及びその製造方法 | |
| CN121470958A (zh) | 一种基于高固含量低粘度浆料制备碳化硅材料的方法 | |
| JP3224645B2 (ja) | セラミックスの成形方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |