CN111135185A - 天然免疫激活通过调控髓系细胞触发受体trem2抑制大脑神经慢性炎症 - Google Patents
天然免疫激活通过调控髓系细胞触发受体trem2抑制大脑神经慢性炎症 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于医药技术领域,发明了天然免疫通路激活能调控大脑髓系细胞受体2(TREM2)的上调表达,TREM2诱导小胶质细胞极化,由促炎的M1型向抗炎的M2型转化,调节炎症因子的表达,从而抑制阿尔茨海默症中的大脑炎症反应,减少老年斑的聚集和神经元的丢失,改善老年痴呆小鼠的学习记忆功能,延缓阿尔茨海默症发展。因此,该天然免疫激动剂在制备阿尔茨海默症等神经退行性疾病药物方面有广阔应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药技术领域,具体为发现了天然免疫激活能调控大脑髓系细胞受体2(TREM2)蛋白的表达,TREM2进而能调节大脑免疫功能小胶质细胞极化状态,诱导小胶质细胞由促炎的M1型向抗炎的M2型转化,调节炎症因子的表达,从而抑制阿尔茨海默症中的大脑炎症反应。在APP/PS1阿尔茨海默症小鼠模型研究中发现了天然免疫STING通路激活能够有效调控TREM2的上调表达,诱导小胶质细胞由促炎的M1型向抗炎的M2型转化,降低促炎因子,减少Aβ的聚集和神经元的丢失,改善AD小鼠的学习记忆功能,延缓阿尔茨海默症发展。因此,该天然免疫激动剂在制备阿尔茨海默症等神经退行性疾病药物方面有广阔应用前景。
背景技术
阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer’s Disease, AD), 俗称老年痴呆症,目前已成为世界上最重大的疾病之一, 美国FDA和中国CFDA批准的抗阿尔茨海默病药物很少,药物治标不治本,疗效不显著。全球抗阿尔茨海默病药物多数还处于临床阶段,主要作用于神经信号通路和Aβ淀粉样蛋白斑。但是,病人众多,药物需求很大。65岁及以上的AD患病率达到4.8%,年龄每增加5岁,患病率增长一倍,85岁以上老人AD患病率达到28.9%。2000年,约400万美国人AD患病, 护理费多达1000 亿美元/年。美国、日本等8个主要国家阿尔茨海默症治疗的市场规模达到100亿美元以上,而且该药物市场逐年增加。
阿尔茨海默症是由德国学者Alosi Alzheimer 于 1907 年首次报道。这是一种常发于老年人群中的中枢神经系统原发性退行性疾病,目前全世界有超过五千多万例 AD 患者,其临床表现为不同程度的记忆力丧失,语言困难,定向力障碍,认知能力降低,人格及行为和感情活动异常,进行性智力障碍,以至于生活不能自理,完全呆傻,最后全身衰竭,并发感染而亡。目前 AD 已经成为继心脏病、肿瘤和中风之后的第四位死亡原因。AD 最典型的病理特征为:大脑皮层和海马组织内出现大量的老年斑(senile plaques, SP)、神经纤维缠结(neurofibrillary tangles, NFTs)、神经元数量减少和颗粒空泡变性。AD 的发病机理十分复杂,可能是多种因素相互作用的结果。
目前的证据表明神经炎症在AD的病程发展中占有很核心的地位,促炎因子诱导产生炎症并介导慢性炎症与激活的小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞、应激的神经元、Aβ老年斑之间的相互作用。小胶质细胞与特定的淀粉样蛋白类型紧密相关。淀粉样多肽和它的前体蛋白APP是胶质细胞的潜在激活剂。对APP基因和其水解产物的干扰能够延缓和减少对小胶质细胞的激活。小胶质细胞的活化直接依赖于淀粉样蛋白的沉积。破坏β片层结构的多肽能够导致脑部炎症的降低。
细胞因子的产生需要NF-κB依赖性的通路,而Aβ能够激活NF-κB通路。Aβ结合到小胶质细胞表面诱导了促炎性基因的表达和细胞因子、趋化因子的产生,随后激活了细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)通路。
在某些情况下,小胶质细胞的作用是有益的,因为小胶质细胞可以增加Aβ的吞噬、清除和降解,减少Aβ的聚集。小胶质细胞也可以分泌一些可溶性因子,例如神经胶质衍生的神经营养因子(GDNF),这对神经元的生存是有益的。因此,主动免疫激活小胶质细胞是一种清除老年斑的机制。但是,Aβ免疫的人体试验在一些患者中导致了脑膜炎,因此这种治疗被停止了。有研究发现小鼠鼻腔接种疫苗能够降低Aβ,这与小胶质细胞的活化有关,表明这可能是一个有希望的人类Aβ免疫疗法。
在神经元和老年斑周围可以发现丰富的活化的小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞。一旦被激活后,小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞能够产生若干种促炎性信号分子,包括细胞因子、生长因子、补体分子、趋化因子和细胞粘附分子。这种激活被认为是由胶质反应引起的,并与正在进行的Aβ沉积有关。
炎症是针对由原始侵袭造成的细胞和组织损伤或坏死的一种反应。如果组织的健康没有得到恢复,炎症就会成为一种慢性病并不断侵袭周围的组织。在这种类型的炎症中,组织的破坏和愈合同时进行。
脑部的神经炎症是阿尔茨海默症的病理特征之一,但是,脑中并不存在炎症的特征性特点,如肿胀、发热和疼痛等。因此AD中的神经炎症是慢性炎症而非急性炎症[54]。慢性发炎的组织的特征是单核细胞数量增加以及以单核细胞为来源的巨噬细胞数量增加,也就是中枢神经系统中的小胶质细胞数量增加。炎症发生在AD脑中病理上比较脆弱的区域,诱导急性时相蛋白和促炎性细胞因子的表达,而在正常的脑中,这两者则几乎不存在。而脑部的炎症反应主要由小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞和神经元负责。
活化的细胞产生大量的细胞因子、趋化因子、巨噬细胞炎症蛋白、单核细胞趋化蛋白、前列腺素、白三烯、血栓素、凝血因子、活性氧物种和其他自由基、一氧化氮、补体因子、蛋白酶、蛋白酶抑制剂、穿透素及C-反应蛋白。
细胞因子是小而非结构的蛋白质,分子量从8kDa到40kDa不等。细胞因子最初为了表示它们的来源被称为淋巴因子或单核因子,但是人们发现几乎所有的含核细胞都能合成这些蛋白质并能对它们产生反应,因此被称为细胞因子。细胞因子之间没有有关联的氨基酸序列基序或是三维结构,因此,我们依据它们的生物学功能将它们分成不同的类别。
一些细胞因子能够促进炎症的发展,因此我们称之为促炎性细胞因子,而另一些细胞因子能够抑制促炎性细胞因子的活性,我们称之为抗炎性细胞因子。例如,IL-1和TNF为典型的促炎性细胞因子,而IL-4、IL-10和IL-13则为抗炎性细胞因子。在阿尔茨海默症中,促炎性细胞因子主要是由Aβ老年斑附近的小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞分泌的。它们在炎症条件下含量增多并通过调节免疫反应的强度和持续时间来发挥作用。TNF-α在炎症反应期间调节细胞因子级联中发挥重要作用。TNF-α的前体是一个分子量26kDa的膜结合分子,经TNF-α转化酶剪切后成为一个分子量为17kDa的有活性的细胞因子。在健康脑组织中TNF-α的表达量很低,因此确定它在生理条件下的确切功能比较困难。在炎症或者疾病条件下,TNF-α和其他几种促炎性细胞因子以及神经毒性物质主要由活化的小胶质细胞产生。胶质细胞分泌IL-1和TNF-α,反过来又会刺激胶质细胞本身分泌更多的细胞因子和诱导星形胶质细胞增生。
第二种细胞因子的类别为抗炎性细胞因子,主要包括IL-1ra、IL-4、IL-10和TGF-β。这些抗炎性细胞因子能够抑制促炎性细胞因子的产生和活性,这对维持促炎性细胞因子和抗炎性细胞因子之间的平衡十分关键。中枢神经系统中这种平衡失调会导致细胞因子的产生、协同细胞因子的作用以及细胞激活和毒性的不断扩增循环。因此,在阿尔茨海默症的神经炎症中,细胞因子和细胞因子之间的相互作用以及细胞因子和已经存在的AD病理特征之间的相互作用都发挥着重要的功能。
而小胶质细胞分为两个亚型:M1型和M2型。这两个亚型在AD中几乎发挥相反的作用。M1型小胶质细胞能够产生促炎性细胞因子,包括IL-1β、TNF-α、ROS和NO。M1亚型还能够促进APP的累积并对健康的神经元产生损害。此外,M1型小胶质细胞能够表达各种细胞表面受体,它们可以与不同形式的Aβ相结合,包括可溶性Aβ和Aβ纤维,导致促炎性细胞因子和趋化因子的上调表达。M1型小胶质细胞产生的促炎性细胞因子和趋化因子能够反过来促进APP的表达以及APP剪切加工形成Aβ。相反,M2型小胶质细胞则表现出抗炎特性,其表面标志物为CD206、精氨酸酶1、TGF-β、IL-4、IL-10和IL-13。M2型小胶质细胞能够减轻神经炎症反应,促进血管生成和组织重塑。有研究表明,在AD脑部淀粉样斑块附近同时存在M1型和M2型的表面标志物,这说明在AD病情发展过程中可能存在由一种表型向另外一种表型转化的情况。而基于我们对小胶质细胞两种表型的功能了解,不难推断小胶质细胞由M1亚型向M2亚型转变有利于AD病情的缓解。
最近的全基因组相关研究表明,TREM2的一种稀有突变R47H与阿尔茨海默症的发病风险提高密切相关。TREM2是一种I型跨膜受体,能够诱导细胞内蛋白质酪氨酸发生磷酸化。TREM2在外周系统中选择性地在骨髓细胞中表达,包括单核细胞、树突状细胞、巨噬细胞和破骨细胞。然而,在中枢神经系统中,TREM2特异性地在小胶质细胞中表达,TREM2在小胶质细胞中的表达量相比星形胶质细胞等其他细胞高出约300倍。TREM 2通过与小胶质细胞表面的分子量为12kDa的DNAX活化蛋白(DAP12)结合来激活免疫反应和下游信号通路。TREM2或DAP12的缺失会导致Nasu-Hakola或是早期痴呆,说明TREM2在小胶质细胞和骨髓细胞中发挥重要作用。
研究表明TREM2的缺失会加重AD小鼠模型中Aβ的积累和神经元损伤。相反,在阿尔茨海默症环境中,TREM2的过量表达能够通过调节小胶质细胞的功能(包括对Aβ的吞噬、降解和清除)来发挥神经保护作用。TREM2是一种能够感知Aβ聚集和神经元损伤的受体,因此可以促进小胶质细胞对它们的清除并维持小胶质细胞的存活。
德国波恩大学的一项突破性研究发现:阿尔茨海默症是由脑部免疫细胞的炎症所引起。此前人类对于阿尔兹海默症的致病原因及发病机制一直未能完全确定,这一发现无疑是超级重磅。科学家预言,这项新发现为药物研发提供了新思路,人类或可能在未来五年内治愈甚至预防阿尔兹海默症。该研究结果已发表在世界顶级科学类杂志《自然》上。德国波恩大学MichaelHeneka教授和他的同事认为,有炎症参与阿兹海默症过程,β—淀粉样蛋白斑块是由炎症引起的。他们发现,破坏脑中的小胶质细胞,可以减少阿尔茨海默症形成的β—淀粉样蛋白斑块。因此,他们的研究直接针对引起炎症的小胶质细胞,而不是β—淀粉样蛋白。研究人员发现,当炎症发生时,小胶质细胞会释放出ASC微粒蛋白,活化β—淀粉样蛋白,促进淀粉样斑块产生。德国波恩大学的Heneka教授说,这个病理过程可能发生在阿尔茨海默氏症的早期阶段。
近年来,大规模外显子测序研究发现,很多小胶质细胞基因上的突变与AD发病风险相关,提示大脑免疫功能紊乱可能与AD的病理进程相关。其中最具代表性的发现是,发现了髓系细胞触发性受体-2(Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 2,TREM2)是多个神经退行性疾病的共有风险基因,其编码区R47H突变增加近3倍罹患AD的风险,同时也显著增加额颞叶痴呆、肌萎缩侧索硬化病和帕金森病等的发病风险。TREM2在大脑内的小胶质细胞中特异表达,其突变与AD风险的增加高度关联。但是,关于TREM2如何参与并影响AD病理进程尚不十分清楚。Neuron杂志在线背靠背发表了两篇相似的工作,揭示了TREM2行使其功能的具体细节。其中一篇题为“TREM2 Is a Receptor for b-Amyloidthat Mediates Microglial Function”的论文由厦门大学神经科学研究所暨福建省神经退行性疾病及衰老研究重点实验室许华曦教授课题组与福建医学大学、美国SanfordBurnham Prebys医学发现研究所、德克萨斯大学休斯顿健康科学中心、梅奥医学中心等单位合作完成。该研究发现,在大脑免疫细胞中的一种受体TREM2能与有毒的β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)相互作用, 并激活神经免疫细胞——小胶质细胞来清除Aβ,从而可能延缓AD发病的进程。在小鼠模型中TREM2除了能减少与阿尔茨海默病相关的病理, 还能够缓解认知功能上的缺陷。这提示使用大脑现有的免疫机制来清除淀粉样蛋白可以作为一种治疗AD的新策略,可通过上调TREM2的表达或激活TREM2信号通路实现。
天然免疫通路(STING通路)是I型干扰素基因刺激通路,内质网(ER)受体蛋白(STING)对胞质DNA的免疫应答是必需的因素。最近的研究表明,环化cGMP-AMP二核苷酸合成酶(cGAS)在结合DNA后的活化条件下,内源性地催化cGAMP的合成。cGAMP是一种胞质DNA传感器,它作为第二信使通过STING刺激INF-β的感应,介导TBK1和IRF-3的活化,进而启动INF-β基因的转录。cGAMP结合STING,使转录因子IRF3激活并产生β干扰素。环二核苷酸cGAMP,是到目前为止发现的唯一一类既能直接激活鼠源又能激活人源STING蛋白的STING激动剂。激动剂是指能与细胞上受体或信号转导途径的蛋白分子相结合,并产生天然物质的典型生理效能的化学品或药物。环二核苷酸cGAMP,作为STING的天然激动剂,能够诱导I性干扰素产生(X Cai, YH Chiu, ZJ Chen ,Molecular cell, Volume 54, Issue 2, 24April 2014, Pages 289–296)。
发明内容
在APP/PS1阿尔茨海默症小鼠模型中,研究发现天然免疫STING通路激动剂能够有效调控TREM2的上调表达,降低促炎因子,减少Aβ的聚集和神经元的丢失,改善AD小鼠的学习记忆功能,延缓阿尔茨海默症发展。因此,该天然免疫激动剂在制备阿尔茨海默症等神经退行性疾病药物方面有广阔应用前景。
本文提及二核苷酸cGAMP,如不加特殊说明,均指C20H22N10O13P2.2NH4, CAS号为1441190-66-4。
本文提及STING,为特定蛋白质名称,如不加说明,均与多数公开文献及NCBI数据库、欧洲基因数据库一致。其GENE 名为:TMEM173;GENE ID为:340061;STING公开的其它命名包括:Transmembrane Protein 173, ERIS, MITA, MPYS, NET23, SAVI, STING,hMITA, hSTING。
本文提及的STING激动剂,包括但不限制于c-di-AMP, c-di-GMP, c-di-IMP, c-AMP-GMP, c-AMP-IMP, c-GMP-IMP以及其取代衍生物及混合物。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例具体说明本发明的内容。在本发明中,以下所述的实施例是为了更好地阐述本发明,并不是用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1:STING激动剂的制备
cGAMP 的制备:cGAMP (环化-GMP-AMP)按文献方法在结合DNA后的活化条件下,由环化cGMP-AMP二核苷酸合成酶(cGAS)催化合成。纯度在98%以上。(Pingwei Li,et al.,Immunity, 2013, 39(6), 1019-1031.)。
实施例2:阿尔茨海默症小鼠模型及STING激动剂药物治疗AD鼠。APP/PS1 转基因小鼠购自北京中科泽晟生物技术有限公司,4月龄,体重20-23g。受试药物名称: STING激动剂cGAMP。性状:白色粉末。溶媒:生理盐水。配制方法:临用前用生理盐水溶液配制成所需浓度的溶液。给药剂量为:10mg/kg,20 mg/kg 。给药方式:腹腔注射;给药次数:每天1次,连续60天。
实施例3:Morris水迷宫验证阿尔兹海默症小鼠认知能力
装置:圆形水池,直径1m,高50cm,水深30cm,池底白色,水温保持在23±2℃;池壁上标记四个等距离点N、E、S、W作为试验的起始点,分水池为四个象限,在第三象限中央放置平台(平台与池壁圆心距离相等);没于水下1 cm,使平台不可见。水池周围贴有丰富的参照线索(不同颜色三角形、四方形、圆、菱形置于各个象限)且保持不变,供小鼠用来定位平台。
定位航行试验:试验共历时6天,每天定于固定时间段训练4次。训练开始时,将平台置于第一象限,从池壁四个起始点的任一点将小鼠面向池壁放入水池。自由录像记录系统记录小鼠找到平台的时间和游泳路径,4次训练即将小鼠分别从四个不同的起始点(不同象限)放入水中。小鼠找到平台后或90秒内找不到平台(潜伏期记为90秒),则由实验者将其引导到平台,在平台上休息10秒,再进行下一次试验。
空间探索试验:定位航行试验结束24h后,撤除站台。然后将鼠由第三象限放入水中,记录鼠在180s内的游泳路径,记录鼠在目标象限(第三象限)的停留时间和穿越原站台所在位置的次数,观察受试鼠的空间定位能力。数据用x±s表示,利用SPSS10.0软件进行处理,采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)检验比较各组瘤重差异的显著性,显著性水平a=0.05。实验结果如图1所示(A为AD模型对照组,B为cGAMP低剂量给药组,C 为cGAMP高剂量给药组。结果表明:STING激活剂cGAMP(低剂量和高剂量)给药两组均能治疗阿尔茨海默症小鼠,使AD鼠认知能力提升。结果见附图1.
实施例4: cGAMP给药对阿尔兹海默症小鼠脑淀粉样蛋白的影响
本实验为硫黄素S染色实验,实验流程为:取小鼠脑组织,固定,石蜡包埋,切片,二甲苯脱蜡,乙醇梯度脱水,TBS洗三次,0.3%硫黄素S(溶于50%乙醇)滴于组织上,室温孵育10min,50%乙醇洗三次,TBS清洗,阴干,封片,激光共聚焦显微镜检测鼠脑淀粉样沉积量的变化。实验结果如图2所示cGAMP低、高剂量给药均能够显著降低老鼠脑内淀粉样蛋白的沉积量。
实施例5: cGAMP给药对阿尔兹海默症小鼠脑组织TREM2表达的影响及其对炎症因子调控
ELISA试剂盒购自Cloud Clone公司。DMEM高糖细胞培养基购自Gibco公司。流式细胞术抗体购自eBiosciences 公司。RT-PCR试剂购自Takara公司。免疫荧光及免疫组化抗体购自Abcam公司。其他试剂购自Sigma-Aldrich 公司。引物合成由上海生工公司完成。激光共聚焦显微镜(Leica,Germany);7500型定量PCR仪(Applied Biosystems ABI,USA);光学显微镜(Leica,Germany);酶标仪(杭州奥盛公司);Attune流式细胞仪(Thermo FisherScientific)。
体外TREM2含量测定。TREM2引物序列如下:
Forward: 5′-AGAAGCGGAATGGGAGC-3′ ;
Reverse: 5′-GAGGTGGGTGGGAAGGA-3′
我们检测了鼠脑组织mRNA水平TREM2的含量在cGAMP给药后是否发生了改变。如图3所示,天然免疫激动剂cGAMP对AD鼠脑组织TREM2表达水平的影响,结果表明,与正常组相比,AD小鼠脑组织中TREM2浓度有所增加,而在cGAMP给药后,相对于AD组,TREM2表达量有明显上升,并伴有cGAMP剂量依赖性。
为了探索cGAMP对于AD小鼠脑神经炎症的影响。小鼠脑组织中的前炎症因子和抗炎症因子的含量通过ELISA的方法进行测定。我们分别检测了促炎性因子IL-1β和TNF-α,抗炎性因子IL-4和IL-10在四组小鼠血浆和脑组织中的含量。
脑组织样品处理方法:
取小鼠新鲜脑组织,称重,匀浆后,4℃,12000rpm离心10min。取上清,作为待测样品。选用Cloud Clone ELISA试剂盒测定脑组织中及血清中前炎症因子IL-1β和TNF-α及抗炎症因子IL-4和IL-10的含量。
如图4、图5所示,相比于正常组,AD模型组小鼠脑组织中促炎性因子IL-1β和TNF-α的含量均有明显上调,抗炎性因子IL-4和IL-10表达水平则明显下降,这表明在AD模型组小鼠中,的确存在明显的神经炎症。而在不同剂量(10mg/kg和20 mg/kg)cGAMP给药二个月后,脑组织中的IL-1β和TNF-α水平分别下降了;相对的, IL-4、 IL-10水平分别上升了。这些结果说明cGAMP能够显著降低中枢神经系统的促炎性因子,而升高抗炎性因子,并且存在显著的剂量依赖性。这表明cGAMP能够消除存在于小鼠AD病程中的慢性神经炎症。
越来越多的证据表明多种促炎因子的高水平表达与APP/PS1二转基因AD小鼠的认知障碍密切相关,说明在AD病程中,一系列的炎症信号通路参与其中最终导致认知能力缺陷。因此, cGAMP引起炎症因子表达下调,从而改善AD小鼠的学习记忆能力,减少脑内Aβ沉积,这也与文献报道相符合。
实施例6. 天然免疫激动剂对AD鼠脑小胶质细胞活化和分型的影响
小胶质细胞在脑部的免疫反应和炎症反应中发挥重要的作用。作为中枢神经系统中的巨噬细胞,小胶质细胞的活化与Aβ的聚集和神经元破坏都密切相关。一般认为,小胶质细胞分为M1和M2两个亚型。M1型小胶质细胞促进AD中的神经炎症发展。为探究cGAMP是否能够通过提高TREM2表达量来调节小胶质细胞活化和分型进而消除AD的神经炎症,我们通过RT-PCR的方法检测了M2型小胶质细胞的表面标志物CD206和精氨酸酶1(Arg1)。选用CloudClone ELISA试剂盒测定脑组织中CD206和Arginase1的含量。RT-PCR 实验引物序列如下:
CD206: Forward: 5′- GTCAGAACAGACTGCGTGGA-3′
Reverse: 5′-AGGGATCGCCTGTTTTCCAG-3′
Arginase: Forward: 5′- GACAGGGCTCCTTTCAGGAC-3′
Reverse: 5′- CTTGGGAGGAGAAGGCGTTT-3′
结果表明cGAMP给药后组CD206和Arg1 在mRNA水平明显高于AD模型组,同时存在显著的剂量依赖性(图6)。另外,M1型小胶质细胞能够分泌促炎性因子IL-1β 和 TNF-α,而前述结果表明cGAMP给药后IL-1β 和 TNF-α含量下降(图4),这也能够从侧面说明M1型小胶质细胞的变化趋势。这些结果说明在体内条件下,cGAMP给药后,M2型小胶质细胞数量上升,而M1型小胶质细胞数量下降。换句话说,cGAMP能够诱导AD小鼠模型中小胶质细胞由M1型向M2型分化。
研究结论:在APP/PS1阿尔茨海默症小鼠模型中,研究发现天然免疫STING通路激动剂cGAMP能够有效调控TREM2的上调表达,降低促炎因子IL-1β 和 TNF-α表达,增加抗炎因子IL-4、IL-10表达。cGAMP能够诱导AD小鼠模型中小胶质细胞由M1型向M2型分化,cGAMP能够消除存在于小鼠AD病程中的慢性神经炎症。因此,该天然免疫激动剂在制备阿尔茨海默症等神经退行性疾病药物方面有广阔应用前景。
附图说明:
图1. 天然免疫激动剂对AD小鼠认知能力的影响(WT,正常鼠;Tg, AD鼠; Tg-cGAMP,给药组)
图2. 天然免疫激动剂对AD小鼠脑淀粉样蛋白沉积的影响(WT,正常鼠;Tg, AD鼠; Tg-cGAMP, 给药组)
图3. 天然免疫激动剂对AD小鼠脑组织TREM2 mRNA 水平的影响 (WT,正常鼠;Tg, AD鼠; Tg-cGAMP, 给药组)
图4. 天然免疫激动剂降低促炎因子表达(WT,正常鼠;Tg, AD鼠; Tg-cGAMP, 给药组)
图5. 天然免疫激动剂提高了抗炎因子表达(WT,正常鼠;Tg, AD鼠; Tg-cGAMP, 给药组)
图6. 天然免疫激动剂诱导了鼠脑小胶质细胞M2型数量上升(WT,正常鼠;Tg, AD鼠;Tg-cGAMP, 给药组)
Claims (4)
1.天然免疫STING通路激活剂调控大脑髓系细胞受体2(TREM2)蛋白的上调表达,调控大脑小胶质细胞极化,诱导小胶质细胞由促炎的M1型向抗炎的M2型转化,调节炎症因子的表达,从而抑制阿尔茨海默症中的大脑炎症反应,免疫激活削减慢性神经炎症信号通路:天然免疫STING通路激活-髓系细胞受体2上调表达-调控小胶质细胞极化分型转化-抑制大脑慢性炎症(cGAMP - STING - TREM2 - microglia M1/M2 regulation -Amilioration of Neuroinflammation)。
2.基于权利要求1的免疫与炎症调节通路,天然免疫STING激动剂在制备阿尔茨海默症及有关神经慢性炎症相关的神经退行性疾病药物中的应用,神经退行性疾病包括但不限于阿尔茨海默症(AD)、帕金森症(PD)、肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)、多发性硬化症、共济失调毛细血管扩张症、牛海绵状脑病、克雅二氏病、亨丁顿舞蹈症、小脑萎缩症、脊髓性肌萎缩症、脑缺血、痉挛性截瘫、重症肌无力等,天然免疫通路激动剂是指天然免疫通路(STING通路)的激活剂、激动剂,包括但不限于环二核苷酸(如2’3’-cGAMP)及其各种各样的衍生物(包括硫取代,硒取代,氟取代,氮杂取代等2’3’-cGAMP衍生物),也包括通过高通量筛选和优化的STING的激活剂或激动剂,所述的STING激动剂,也包括但不限制于c-di-AMP, c-di-GMP,c-di-IMP, c-AMP-GMP, c-AMP-IMP, c-GMP-IMP,及其各类衍生物以及组合物。
3.基于权利要求1和2,天然免疫STING激动剂按常规药剂学制成各种药物剂型,所述的剂型包括但不局限于:片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、混悬剂、乳剂、溶液剂、糖浆剂或注射剂等中的一种或多种,采取口服或注射(包括静脉注射、静脉滴注、肌肉注射或皮下注射、或脑室直接给药等)中的一种或多种给药途径进行治疗阿尔茨海默症等神经退行性疾病。
4.基于权利要求1的免疫与炎症调节通路,天然免疫STING激动剂在制备炎症相关的疾病药物中的应用,炎症相关的疾病包括但不限于类风湿关节炎、脑组织损伤性疾病、糖尿病、癌症、心脑血管病等。
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| CN113694176A (zh) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-11-26 | 天津医科大学 | 负载催产素的壳聚糖纳米凝胶在制备阿尔茨海默症早期干预药物中的应用 |
| CN113694176B (zh) * | 2021-09-15 | 2024-05-17 | 天津医科大学 | 负载催产素的壳聚糖纳米凝胶在制备阿尔茨海默症早期干预药物中的应用 |
| CN114010658A (zh) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-02-08 | 浙江大学 | TREM2hi巨噬细胞在制备治疗心脏功能障碍药物中的应用 |
| CN114010658B (zh) * | 2021-11-25 | 2024-01-02 | 浙江大学 | TREM2hi巨噬细胞在制备治疗心脏功能障碍药物中的应用 |
| US20230279100A1 (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2023-09-07 | Feng Xue | Methods of Prevention or Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease by Blocking or Decreasing STING Signaling Activation |
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