CN106539814A - 干扰素基因刺激蛋白(sting)激动剂在抗类风湿性关节炎等疾病中的应用 - Google Patents
干扰素基因刺激蛋白(sting)激动剂在抗类风湿性关节炎等疾病中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体为使用STING激动剂包括环二核苷酸cGAMP、c-di-AMP、c-di-GMP以及其硫取代衍生物在治疗类风湿关节炎等自身免疫性疾病中的应用。本发明研究表明,STING激动剂可以抑制关节肿胀,降低关节炎指数,下调IL-17,TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6表达,因此,STING激动剂可用于制备治疗类风湿关节炎等自身免疫性疾病的药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药技术领域,具体涉及STING激动剂包括环二核苷酸cGAMP、c-di-AMP等在抗类风湿性关节炎中以及在制备抗类风湿性关节炎等自身免疫性疾病药物中的应用。
背景技术
类风湿性关节炎,英文名为Rheumatoid Arthritis,简称为RA,是一种慢性的炎性系统性的自身免疫性疾病。类风湿性关节炎以关节和关节周围组织非化脓性炎症等为主要特征,类风湿性关节炎的基本病理改变是滑膜炎、急性期滑膜肿胀、渗出,中性粒细胞浸润;慢性期滑膜增生肥厚,形成血管翳;后者是造成关节破坏、关节畸形、功能障碍、使疾病进入不可逆阶段的病理基础。除以上特征外,类风湿性关节炎患者同时伴有发热、贫血、巩膜炎、皮下结节、心包炎、血管炎及淋巴肿大等关节外表现,血清中可以查到多种自身抗体,故称类风湿性关节炎。类风湿性关节炎在世界各地均有发病,但各个国家和地区的患病率不同,全世界患病率平均 1%左右(0.3%~2.1%)。类风湿性关节炎在女性多发,女性患者的数量是男性的 3 倍。发病率随年龄增长而增高,常在40~50多岁发病。我国类风湿性关节炎患者在病情进展和病变程度上均较西方国家为轻,患病率约为 0.32%~0.36%,以东北、华北地区为多。
类风湿性关节炎,是一种复杂的免疫性疾病,目前多认为本病属于一种自身免疫性疾病,其始动因子尚不清楚,可能是感染因子(如病毒、支原体或细菌等)进入人体后,其所含某些成分(如寡糖或糖肽碎片)被关节内滑膜细胞摄取并组合到滑膜细胞所合成的蛋白多糖中,使其结构发生改变而具抗原性。此外还和遗传因素有关,已发现类风湿性关节炎的易感基因。感染因子进入人体后,其所含某些成分被关节内滑膜细胞摄取并组合到滑膜细胞所合成的蛋白多糖中,使其结构发生改变而具抗原性。这种自身抗原不仅可使机体产生抗体(IgG),同时还导致 IgG分子的Fc片段结构发生改变,形成新的抗原决定簇,从而激发另一种抗体形成,即类风湿因子(RF)。各种免疫球蛋白类型的RF与IgG形成的免疫复合物存在于血液循环中。RF和免疫球蛋白可以在关节内合成并结合成免疫复合物,循环中 RF-IgG复合物亦可以沉积于局部组织,这与关节和关节外器官和组织病变的发生有密切关系。关节滑膜内RF-IgG复合物可以固定及激活补体,产生C3a 和C5a,吸引中性粒细胞和单核细胞渗出。中性粒细胞、单核细胞及滑膜细胞(A 型细胞)吞噬了上述免疫复合物后,被激活并合成和释放溶酶体酶,包括中性蛋白酶、胶原酶等以及各种介质,如前列腺素、白三烯、IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-17等,导致滑膜及关节软骨的破坏。
类风湿性关节炎相关细胞因子IL-1β、IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-6等导致免疫损害的产生,是引起类风湿性关节炎慢性炎症的关键因素(RN Maini, PC Taylor,Annual review of medicine,
2000, Annual Review of Medicine,Vol. 51: 207-229)。另外金属蛋白酶、核因子-κB(nuclear factor of kappa B, NF-κB)和骨桥蛋白等与类风湿性关节炎的致病及关节损害等也密切相关。
类风湿性关节炎相关细胞因子IL-1β和TNF-α是目前公认的类风湿性关节炎中的重要的炎性介质。IL-1β在类风湿性关节炎的发病进程中的主要作用机理是:使滑膜细胞和软骨细胞合成和释放胶原酶和其他蛋白溶解酶,并抑制软骨细胞合成蛋白多糖基质,从而在类风湿性关节炎的发病进程中起重要作用。近年来,在类风湿性关节炎病人滑膜上清液中发现大量存在的具有生学活性的IL-17,能显著促进炎症细胞分泌TNF-α和IL-1β,TNF-α和IL-1β与其他炎症细胞因子有协同作用,间接促进类风湿性关节炎的发展。TNF-α 过表达可致小鼠发生严重关节炎,抑制TNF-α 可以阻止其发生,用阻断TNF-α 活性的药物可以改善类风湿性关节炎临床症状。在类风湿性关节炎患者受累关节中,TNF-α 能促进滑膜细胞中IL-6的产生,并协同诱导血管内皮生长因子。Yoccum等2001年研究表明:在类风湿性关节炎疾病活动期或进展期,TNF-α高水平分泌引起临床症状及局部关节组织的破坏,慢性期TNF-α水平相对低并且稳定。血清中TNF-α升高可能提示疾病的活动性或严重性。TNF-α与 IL-1β被称为“姊妹细胞因子”,共同起到“中心罪犯”的作用,它们的效应及其靶细胞的范围有很大的相似性,TNF-α与IL-1β常是同时合成和分泌的,以自分泌方式刺激巨噬细胞增加自身的产生,而且也能促进对方的合成,比如,TNF-α可刺激滑膜细胞和软骨细胞合成 PGE2和胶原酶,引起骨和软骨吸收的破坏,促进成纤维细胞增生 (Arend. WP, 2001, Semin
Arthritis Rheurn, 30:1~6)。
IL-17能显著促进炎症细胞分泌IL-1和TNF-α。IL-17与IL-1β、TNF-α合用可增强成骨细胞中激活蛋白21家族成员、早期生长反应基因、NF-kappaB的表达,并且可上调IL-6、IL-8的表达水平(Granet C et al, 2004)。IL-17与其他炎症细胞因子有效协同作用,从而促进类风湿性关节炎的发展。在类风湿性关节炎病人滑膜上清液中有大量的具有生物活性的IL-17,并在其滑膜中发现高水平的IL-17。Hwang等2005年用逆转录的酶链式反应分析了RA病人滑膜单核细胞和外周血单核细胞,检查基中IL-17的表达情况,以及成纤维细胞样滑膜细胞受刺激下IL-17受体表达情况,结果发现滑膜单核细胞表达IL-17,并且成纤维细胞样滑膜细胞IL-17受体表达增强。在类风湿性关节炎患者的滑膜组织中,IL-17受体血管占百分比最高; IL-17在类风湿性关节炎患者关节滑膜及滑液中有大量表达,因此IL-17在类风湿性关节炎中的作用日益受到重视。研究发现,IL-17是通过诱导其他细胞因子、蛋白酶、粘附分子的产生发挥其在RA发病中的作用。目前认为IL-17促进类风湿性关节炎中骨破坏机制可能包括:诱导IL-1β和TNF-α产生,间接增强关节破坏;增加核刺激因子受体配体和核刺激因子受体的数量,破坏两者的与骨保护蛋白的平衡而加重骨破坏;还直接作用于破坏骨细胞刺激破骨细胞的分化与活化。Bush等在2002年用IL-17受体的融合蛋白治疗完全弗氏佐剂性关节炎模型鼠,可以显著减轻大鼠爪的肿胀度; Luberts在2004年的研究报道中,用兔抗鼠的IL-17(+)血清,组织学检查关节炎症状和软骨、骨的侵蚀得到缓解,与炎症相关的细胞因子如IL-1β、IL-6的表达水平也显著下降。
类风湿性关节炎患者血清和滑液中IL-6水平升高, IL-6作为B细胞分化因子,诱导高γ球蛋白和自身抗体产生,包括类风湿因子(K Ishihara, T Hirano,Cytokine & growth
factor reviews,2002,Volume 13, Issues 4–5, Pages 357–368)。IL-6能诱导破骨细胞前体分化成真正的破骨细胞,因此, IL-6可能与类风湿性关节炎患者相关的骨和软骨破坏及骨疏松有关。IL-6R可介导IL-6发挥多效性信号转导作用,IL-6/IL-6R复合物gp130(glycoprotein 130),将IL-6信号传入细胞发挥生物效应。现用人源化抗IL-6R抗体即是阻断IL-6与IL-6R结合,影响IL-6的作用,干预IL6活性也是一种类风湿性关节炎治疗途径。
类风湿性关节炎中有多种免疫细胞参与并介导了自身免疫性炎症,主要包括T、B淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞等。其中值得关注的是 CD4+T细胞中各种亚群在RA的致病中扮演重要的角色。CD4+CD25+ (Treg)细胞具有免疫耐受,抑制自体CD4+T细胞的增殖能力(Ehrenstein MR., Evans JG,
Singh A, et al., 2004)。Th1细胞Th2细胞的比例失衡与类风湿性关节炎的致病及关节损害等也密切相关。类风湿性关节炎药物治疗主要包括非甾类抗炎药、慢作用抗风湿药、免疫抑制剂、免疫和生物制剂及植物药等。(1)非甾类抗炎药(2)抗风湿药(3)云克即锝亚甲基二磷酸盐(4)糖皮质激素激素(5)生物制剂(6)植物药,如雷公藤、白芍总甙、青藤碱等。
目前在类风湿关节炎的治疗上,已经有多种生物制剂被批准上市,在难治性类风湿关节炎的治疗中发挥了重要作用。1.英夫利昔单抗:也称TNF-α嵌合性单克隆抗体,临床试验已证明对甲氨蝶呤等治疗无效的类风湿关节炎患者用Infliximab可取得满意疗效(Marc Feldmann and Ravinder
N. Maini,Annual Review of Immunology,2001,Vol. 19: 163-196)。2.依那西普:人重组TNF受体p75和IgGFc段的融合蛋白。3.阿达木单抗:针对TNF-α的全人源化的单克隆抗体。4.妥珠单抗:IL-6受体拮抗剂,主要用于中重度类风湿关节炎,对TNF-α拮抗剂反应欠佳的患者可能有效。5.抗CD20单抗利妥昔单抗。
干扰素基因刺激蛋白(STING)是一种跨膜蛋白,通常在152-173位区域(dimerization domain,DD)交接形成二聚体并处于自我抑制状态。当受到部分配体(比如CDN)的刺激后分子构型发生变化并被激活,招募细胞质中的TANK结合激酶1(TANK-binding kinase 1,TBK1),介导TBK1对IRF3的磷酸化,导致干扰素(interferon,IFN)-β和其它多种细胞素(cytokines)的形成。IFNβ的产生是STING活化的标志(Yasuo Tanaka &
Zhijian J. Chen. Sci Signal. 2012 Mar 6; 5(214))。环二核苷酸cGAMP,是到目前为止发现的唯一一类既能直接激活鼠源又能激活人源STING蛋白的STING激动剂。
激动剂是指能与细胞上受体或信号转导途径的蛋白分子相结合,并产生天然物质的典型生理效能的化学品或药物。环二核苷酸cGAMP,作为STING的天然激动剂,能够诱导I性干扰素产生(X Cai, YH Chiu, ZJ Chen
,Molecular cell, Volume 54, Issue 2, 24 April 2014, Pages 289–296)。STING激活剂为环二核苷酸,包括:c-di-AMP, c-di-GMP,
c-di-IMP, c-AMP-GMP, c-AMP-IMP, c-GMP-IMP等。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供STING激动剂在治疗类风湿性关节炎中的应用。
本发明的目的还在于提出STING激动剂在制备治疗类风湿性关节炎药物中的应用。
本发明实验研究表明,STING激动剂可以减轻关节肿胀,下调IL-17,TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6表达,具有明显的抗类风湿性关节炎作用,可用于制备抗类风湿性关节炎药物。
本文提及二核苷酸cGAMP,如不加特殊说明,均指C20H22N10O13P2.2NH4,
CAS号为1441190-66-4。
本文提及STING,为特定蛋白质名称,如不加说明,均与多数公开文献及NCBI数据库、欧洲基因数据库一致。其GENE 名为:TMEM173;GENE ID为:340061;STING公开的其它命名包括:Transmembrane Protein 173,
ERIS, MITA, MPYS, NET23, SAVI, STING, hMITA, hSTING。
本文提及的STING激动剂,包括但不限制于c-di-AMP, c-di-GMP, c-di-IMP,
c-AMP-GMP, c-AMP-IMP, c-GMP-IMP以及硫取代物及混合物。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例具体说明本发明的内容。在本发明中,以下所述的实施例是为了更好地阐述本发明,并不是用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例
1
:
STING
激动剂的制备
cGAMP 的制备:cGAMP (环化-GMP-AMP)按文献方法在结合DNA后的活化条件下,由环化cGMP-AMP二核苷酸合成酶(cGAS)催化合成。纯度在98%以上。(Pingwei Li,et al., Immunity, 2013,
39(6), 1019-1031.)。硫代cGAMP、c-di-AMP、硫代c-di-AMP、c-di-GMP均购自Sigma公司或Invivogen公司。
实施例
2
:类风湿性关节炎大鼠模型及
STING
激动剂药物治疗
SD 大鼠(购自北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司),雌性,70只。受试药物名称:STING激动剂(制备参照实施例1)。性状:白色粉末。溶媒:生理盐水。配制方法:临用前用生理盐水溶液配制成所需浓度的溶液。给药剂量为:20 mg/kg 。给药次数:每天1次,连续14天。将80只老鼠随机分成8组,每组10只。采用尾根部、背部、足跖部三点注射法注射稳定的Ⅱ型胶原与完全弗氏佐剂的乳化剂共 0.25m L(Ⅱ型胶原与完全弗氏佐剂均购自sigma公司),诱导 7天后,足跖部皮下加强注射一次0.1mL,每天放在冰水混合物中,进行寒湿剌激1小时,连续2周。观察大鼠的活动状态变化,关节红肿情况,测量大鼠足跖部厚度。第14天开始可以观察到小鼠关节肿胀,第15天开始注射给药,对照组以生理盐水代替。地塞米松(购自Sigma公司)作为阳性对照组每天给药。每天测定足跖厚度和关节炎因子,分析结果,数据用x±s表示,利用SPSS10.0软件进行处理,采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)检验比较各组瘤重差异的显著性,显著性水平a=0.05。小鼠关节炎评分方法:大鼠造模成功后,同时观察关节肿胀情况, 4天评分1次 (0分: 无红肿;1 分: 小趾关节红肿; 2分: 趾关节和足跖肿胀; 3分:踝关节以下的足爪肿; 4 分: 包括踝关节在内的全部足爪肿胀), 最高为16 分。每只大鼠4 个关节的炎症评分之和用AI(arthritis index)或关节炎因子表示,取中位数代表本组的关节炎因子。实验结果表明:STING激活剂能够显著抑制小鼠关节肿胀(如表1所示)。
表
1 STING
激动剂对大鼠皮下关节肿胀的治疗作用
(n=10,mean±SD)
组别
足跖厚度(cm)
AI(关节炎因子)
模型对照组
7.634±0.215
9
cGAMP组
5.194±0.253
** 4
硫代cGAMP组
4.642±0.189
** 3
c-di-AMP组
5.473±0.276
** 4
硫代c-di-AMP组
4.765±0.324
** 3
c-di-GMP组
6.639±0.273
* 6
阳性对照组(地塞米松)
4.763±0.253
4
注:*P<0.05 vs 模型对照组;**P<0.01 vs 模型对照组。
实施例
3
:类风湿关节炎相关细胞因子测定
鼠类风湿关节炎模型、药物治疗建立参照实施例2。分别麻醉大鼠,处死,腹股沟动脉取血,3000r/min离心15min,取上清,用ELISA试剂盒检测IL-1β、IL-17和TNF-α细胞因子的表达量(ELISA试剂盒购自R&D公司)。ELISA结果表明:STING激动剂均能够显著降低类风湿关节炎相关细胞因子的表达,具有类风湿关节炎的效果(如表2-5所示)。
表
2 STING
激动剂对类风湿关节炎相关细胞因子
IL-1
β的调控作用
(n=10,mean±SD)
组别
IL-1 β蛋白浓度(pg/ml)
模型对照组
55.83±3.74
cGAMP组
34.65±2.57
**
硫代cGAMP组
36.77±3.99
**
c-di-AMP组
42.45±2.55
**
硫代c-di-AMP组
33.12±4.61
**
c-di-GMP组
42.32±4.66
*
注:*P<0.05 vs 模型对照组;**P<0.01 vs 模型对照组。
表
3 STING
激活剂对类风湿关节炎相关细胞因子
IL-17
的调控作用
(n=10,mean±SD)
组别
IL-17蛋白浓度(pg/ml)
模型对照组
36.88±2.21
cGAMP组
28.67±1.76
**
硫代cGAMP组
27.76±2.13
**
c-di-AMP组
29.34±1.56
**
硫代c-di-AMP组
26.22±1.68
**
c-di-GMP组
30.37±2.13
*
注:*P<0.05 vs 模型对照组;**P<0.01 vs 模型对照组。
表
4 STING
激活剂对类风湿关节炎相关细胞因子
TNF-
α的调控作用
(n=10,mean±SD)
组别
TNF-α蛋白浓度(pg/ml)
模型对照组
53.12±2.01
cGAMP组
44.67±2.12
**
硫代cGAMP组
43.26±2.22
**
c-di-AMP组
45.12±1.61
**
硫代c-di-AMP组
43.89±2.19
**
c-di-GMP组
47.67±3.30
*
注:*P<0.05 vs 模型对照组;**P<0.01 vs 模型对照组。
表
5 STING
激活剂对类风湿关节炎相关细胞因子
IL-6
的调控作用
(n=10,mean±SD)
组别
IL-6蛋白浓度(pg/ml)
模型对照组
89.91±2.46
cGAMP组
57.12±1.66
**
硫代cGAMP组
47.11±3.54
**
c-di-AMP组
46.22±2.69
**
硫代c-di-AMP组
53.86±2.47
**
c-di-GMP组
70.42±2.75
**
注:*P<0.05 vs 模型对照组;**P<0.01 vs 模型对照组。
实施例
4
类风湿性关节炎小鼠模型及
STING
激动剂药物治疗
昆明种小鼠, 6~8 周龄, 体重约20g, 雄性,购自北京维通利华公司。将CII(购自Sigma公司)溶于0.1 mol/L醋酸中, 在4℃下搅拌使之充分溶解, 质量浓度为2g/L, 4℃过夜; 再将CII 与弗氏完全佐剂(购自Sigma公司)等体积混合、乳化, 制成CII乳剂,浓度为1g/L。选取小鼠80只, 将制备后的乳剂于小鼠的右后足跖皮内注射 (0.1 mL/只)致炎。将造模成功的小鼠随机分为8组, 每组10只, 分别为地塞米松作为阳性对照组 (1 mg/kg)、模型对照组(注射生理盐水)和5个STING激活剂给药组(20 mg/kg), 首次免疫21天后开始给药。STING激活剂药物配制参考实施例2。实验组每天腹腔注射相应受试剂1次进行治疗, 对照组给予相同体积的生理盐水, 观察小鼠的4只足趾的肿胀,充血和变形情况。小鼠的AI(arthritis index)或关节炎因子评价方法参照实施例2。实验结果表明:STING激活剂能够显著抑制小鼠足趾关节肿胀,降低小鼠的关节炎因子(如表6所示)。
表
6 STING
激动剂对小鼠皮下足趾关节肿胀的治疗作用
组别
AI(关节炎因子)
模型对照组
12
cGAMP组
6
硫代cGAMP组
5
c-di-AMP组
5
硫代c-di-AMP组
4
c-di-GMP组
6
阳性对照组(地塞米松)
5。
Claims (7)
1.使用STING激动剂在抗类风湿性关节炎中的应用。
2.STING激动剂在制备抗类风湿性关节炎药物中的应用。
3.使用STING激动剂在治疗自身免疫性疾病中的应用。
4.使用STING激动剂在制备抗自身免疫性疾病药物中的应用。
5.根据权利要求1-4所述STING激动剂在抗类风湿性关节炎等自身免疫性疾病中的应用,其特征在于:抑制关节肿胀,降低关节炎指数,下调RA相关细胞因子IL-17,TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6表达。
6.权利要求1-4所述的STING激动剂,包括但是不限制于c-di-AMP, c-di-GMP, c-di-IMP, c-AMP-GMP, c-AMP-IMP, c-GMP-IMP,硫取代物以及组合物。
7.根据权利要求1-4所述的STING激动剂按常规药剂学制成各种剂型,所述的剂型包括片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、混悬剂、乳剂、溶液剂、糖浆剂或注射剂等中的一种或多种,采取口服或注射(包括静脉注射、静脉滴注、肌肉注射或皮下注射等中的一种或多种)等中的一种或多种给药途径进行抗类风湿性关节炎等自身免疫性疾病的预防或治疗。
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| US10842828B2 (en) | 2015-02-11 | 2020-11-24 | The Johns Hopkins University | Methods of treating cancer using bacteria expressing c-di-AMP |
| US11590177B2 (en) | 2015-02-11 | 2023-02-28 | The Johns Hopkins University | Methods of treating cancer using bacteria expressing c-di-AMP |
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| CN113286615A (zh) * | 2018-11-08 | 2021-08-20 | 同生运营公司 | 用于治疗癌症的微生物和免疫调节剂的组合疗法 |
| US11787833B2 (en) | 2019-05-09 | 2023-10-17 | Aligos Therapeutics, Inc. | Modified cyclic dinucleoside compounds as sting modulators |
| WO2022118043A1 (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-06-09 | Enara Bio Limited | Novel protein-ligand complex |
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