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CN111009819A - Ceramic laser with high beam quality and high output efficiency and design method - Google Patents

Ceramic laser with high beam quality and high output efficiency and design method Download PDF

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CN111009819A
CN111009819A CN201911317015.XA CN201911317015A CN111009819A CN 111009819 A CN111009819 A CN 111009819A CN 201911317015 A CN201911317015 A CN 201911317015A CN 111009819 A CN111009819 A CN 111009819A
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laser
resonant cavity
ceramic
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尚佩瑾
李锦诱
王石语
蔡德芳
李兵斌
过振
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Xidian University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/0915—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by incoherent light
    • H01S3/0933—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by incoherent light of a semiconductor, e.g. light emitting diode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/0602—Crystal lasers or glass lasers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof

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Abstract

The invention relates to a laser, especially a ceramic laser with high beam quality and high output efficiency and its design method, it includes laser diode pumping source, laser resonator at least; the laser resonant cavity comprises a resonant cavity input mirror, a laser medium and a resonant cavity output mirror, wherein the laser medium is arranged between the resonant cavity input mirror and the resonant cavity output mirror, the laser medium is a YAG transparent ceramic rod, the length of the YAG transparent ceramic rod is l, and the diameter of the YAG transparent ceramic rod is D, and the laser resonant cavity is characterized in that: on the axis of a YAG transparent ceramic rod with the length of l, a cylindrical space with the diameter D and the length of l is doped with Nd3+The light diode pump source pumps YAG transparent ceramic rod of length l to generate fundamental mode or low order mode oscillation light in the resonant cavity between the resonant cavity input mirror and the resonant cavity output mirrorAnd the gain amplifies the output. It realizes a round rod-shaped ceramic laser with high beam quality and high output efficiency and a design method.

Description

Ceramic laser with high beam quality and high output efficiency and design method
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a laser, and more particularly, to a ceramic laser having high beam quality and high output efficiency and a design method thereof.
Background
The Nd-YAG ceramic laser consists of mainly pumping source laser diode array and resonant cavity. The resonant cavity is the core part of the laser, wherein the laser medium with transparent ceramic as material is the junction for converting the pumping energy into laser energy. Compared with Nd-YAG single crystal, the Nd-YAG transparent ceramic has higher doping concentration, can be designed in large size, has almost the same physical, chemical and optical properties as the Nd-YAG single crystal, and can be widely applied to all-solid-state high-power lasers.
Most of the laser media in the existing ceramic lasers are in the structures of round bar, slab and disc. The round rod-shaped laser medium is most widely applied, and particularly is a structure with superior comprehensive performance in a side pumping laser, so that the uniformly distributed pumping light arrangement is convenient to realize. However, in the uniformly doped rod-shaped ceramic dielectric, the distribution of the pump energy in the central region of the rod is severely weakened due to the large amount of absorption of the pump light in the region inside the rod near the side surface. The distribution of the number of particles of the upper energy level in the ceramic medium is dispersed in the whole medium, when the laser works, a large number of high-order modes in the edge area of the laser rod are excited, the quality of laser beams is deteriorated, and meanwhile, the energy ratio of a basic mode or a low-order mode in the central area of the rod is reduced, so that the application effect of the laser is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-efficiency low-loss pump light medium, which overcomes the defect that the absorption range of the traditional rod-shaped ceramic medium to pump light is excessively dispersed, inhibits the components of a high-order mode in output light, concentrates laser energy in a basic mode or a low-order mode, and improves the beam quality of the output light. A round rod-shaped ceramic laser with high beam quality and high output efficiency and a design method are realized.
The object of the present invention is achieved by a ceramic laser having high beam quality and high output efficiency, comprising at least a laser diode pump source, a laser resonator; the laser resonant cavity comprises a resonant cavity input mirror, a laser medium and a resonant cavity output mirror, wherein the laser medium is arranged between the resonant cavity input mirror and the resonant cavity output mirror, the laser medium is a YAG transparent ceramic rod, the length of the YAG transparent ceramic rod is l, and the diameter of the YAG transparent ceramic rod is D, and the laser resonant cavity is characterized in that: on the axis of a YAG transparent ceramic rod with the length of l, a cylindrical space with the diameter D and the length of l is doped with Nd3+The optical diode pumping source pumps the YAG transparent ceramic rod with the length of l, and the resonant cavity between the resonant cavity input mirror and the resonant cavity output mirror generates fundamental mode or low order mode oscillation light to generate gain amplification output.
The laser medium is doped with Nd as the center3+Not doped with Nd around3+The laser diode pumping source pumps Nd of the ceramic laser medium rod through the side surface3+Doping region for pumping light to enter Nd3+The doped particles in the doped region are absorbed, and the laser range capable of oscillating in the cavity is limited, so that the output laser is a fundamental mode Gaussian beam or a low-order mode Gaussian beam.
A ceramic laser method with high beam quality and high output efficiency is based on the theory of resonant cavity, where L is the length of resonant cavity and the curvature radiuses of two reflectors are R1And R2According to the stable cavity theory, the spot radius omega of the fundamental mode Gaussian laser on the two cavity mirrors can be obtained1And ω2Respectively as follows:
Figure BDA0002326085670000031
Figure BDA0002326085670000032
wherein λ is laserThe wavelength of the light emitted by the light source,
Figure BDA0002326085670000033
and satisfies the stability condition of 0 < g1g2＜1。
The average diameter of the intracavity fundamental mode gaussian light can be estimated as
Figure BDA0002326085670000034
The diameter of the gain region in the laser medium is controlled by controlling the cylindrical space doping Nd in the diameter D of the laser ceramic medium3+Doping Nd in cylindrical space3+The diameter of (A) is 1-2 times of the average diameter of the Gaussian light in the cavity and is smaller than the diameter D of the laser ceramic medium.
The invention is characterized in that: different from the laser medium structure in the traditional ceramic laser, the invention fully utilizes the laser medium Nd3+The absorption of pump light is realized by designing the structure of the laser medium as a center doped with Nd3+The round bar-shaped ceramic can intensively absorb the pumping light pumped from the side surface near the axis, thereby improving the absorption efficiency of the laser medium base mode area to the pumping light, and the periphery of the round bar-shaped ceramic is surrounded by undoped Nd3+The size of the medium can meet the requirement of the laser structure due to the round bar-shaped YAG ceramic substrate, and the Nd is doped in the small radius range of the center3+The laser device limits the mode of the oscillation in the cavity, inhibits the generation of a high-order mode, improves the laser efficiency of a fundamental mode component, and improves the beam quality.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings of embodiments:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a laser medium in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a resonant cavity input mirror; 2. a laser diode pump source; 3. a laser medium; 4. a resonator output mirror.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a ceramic laser having high beam quality and high output efficiency includes at least a laser diode pump source 2, a laser resonator; the laser resonant cavity comprises a resonant cavity input mirror 1, a laser medium 3 and a resonant cavity output mirror 4, wherein the laser medium 3 is arranged between the resonant cavity input mirror 1 and the resonant cavity output mirror 4, the laser medium 3 is a YAG transparent ceramic rod, the length of the YAG transparent ceramic rod is l, and the diameter of the YAG transparent ceramic rod is D, and the laser resonant cavity is characterized in that: on the axial line of a YAG transparent ceramic rod with the length of l, a column space with the length of l and the length of less than the diameter D of the YAG transparent ceramic rod is doped with Nd3+The laser diode pumping source 2 pumps a YAG transparent ceramic rod with the length of l, and resonant laser output is generated in a resonant cavity between the resonant cavity input mirror 1 and the resonant cavity output mirror 4.
Cylindrical space doped Nd with diameter D smaller than length l in laser resonant cavity3+The gain amplifier is used for generating gain amplification output for the fundamental mode or low-order mode oscillation light of the resonant laser.
Nd doped with laser medium 3 as center3+Not doped with Nd around3+The laser diode pumping source 2 pumps Nd of the ceramic laser medium rod through the side surface3+Doping region for pumping light to enter Nd3+The doped particles in the doped region are absorbed, and the laser range capable of oscillating in the cavity is limited, so that the output laser is a fundamental mode Gaussian beam or a low-order mode Gaussian beam.
Designing relevant parameters in the laser according to the theory of the resonant cavity, wherein L is the cavity length of the resonant cavity, and the curvature radiuses of the two reflectors are respectively R1And R2According to the stable cavity theory, the spot radius omega of the fundamental mode Gaussian laser on the two cavity mirrors can be obtained1And ω2Respectively as follows:
Figure BDA0002326085670000051
Figure BDA0002326085670000052
wherein, the lambda is the laser wavelength,
Figure BDA0002326085670000053
and satisfies the stability condition of 0 < g1g2＜1。
The average diameter of the intracavity fundamental mode gaussian light can be estimated as
Figure BDA0002326085670000054
And controlling the diameter of a gain region in the laser medium to be 1-2 times of the average diameter of the Gaussian light in the cavity, so that the laser mainly outputs the Gaussian light in the fundamental mode.
Using the above formula, let
Figure BDA0002326085670000055
That is to say: the diameter D of the central doped region of the laser ceramic medium is 0.8mm, the diameter D of the laser ceramic medium can be designed to be 3mm, the cavity length L of the laser resonant cavity is designed to be 50mm, and the curvature radius R of the input and output mirror1At 0.5m, R can be obtained21m, the laser can realize high beam quality and high-efficiency laser output mainly based on a fundamental mode.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a ceramic laser having high beam quality and high output efficiency includes at least a laser diode pump source 2, a laser resonator; the laser resonant cavity comprises a resonant cavity input mirror 1, a laser medium 3 and a resonant cavity output mirror 4, wherein the laser medium 3 is arranged between the resonant cavity input mirror 1 and the resonant cavity output mirror 4, the laser medium 3 is a YAG transparent ceramic rod, the length of the YAG transparent ceramic rod is l, and the diameter of the YAG transparent ceramic rod is D, and the laser resonant cavity is characterized in that: on the axial line of a YAG transparent ceramic rod with the length of l, a column space with the length of l and the length of less than the diameter D of the YAG transparent ceramic rod is doped with Nd3+The diode pumping source 2 pumps a YAG transparent ceramic rod with the length of l, and resonant laser output is generated in a resonant cavity between the resonant cavity input mirror 1 and the resonant cavity output mirror 4.
Cylindrical space doped Nd with diameter D smaller than length l in laser resonant cavity3+For resonating laser lightThe mode or low order mode oscillated light produces a gain amplified output.
Nd doped with laser medium 3 as center3+Not doped with Nd around3+The laser diode pumping source 2 pumps Nd of the ceramic laser medium rod through the side surface3+Doping region for pumping light to enter Nd3+The doped particles in the doped region are absorbed, and the laser range capable of oscillating in the cavity is limited, so that the output laser is a fundamental mode Gaussian beam or a low-order mode Gaussian beam.
Designing relevant parameters in the laser according to the theory of the resonant cavity, wherein L is the cavity length of the resonant cavity, and the curvature radiuses of the two reflectors are respectively R1And R2According to the stable cavity theory, the spot radius omega of the fundamental mode Gaussian laser on the two cavity mirrors can be obtained1And ω2Respectively as follows:
Figure BDA0002326085670000061
Figure BDA0002326085670000062
wherein, the lambda is the laser wavelength,
Figure BDA0002326085670000063
and satisfies the stability condition of 0 < g1g2＜1。
The average diameter of the intracavity fundamental mode gaussian light can be estimated as
Figure BDA0002326085670000064
And controlling the diameter of a gain region in the laser medium to be 1-2 times of the average diameter of the Gaussian light in the cavity, so that the laser mainly outputs the Gaussian light in the fundamental mode.
Using the above formula, let
Figure BDA0002326085670000071
That is to say: diameter of central doped region of laser ceramic dielectricD is 0.9mm, the diameter D of the laser ceramic medium can be designed to be 4mm, the cavity length L of the laser resonant cavity is designed to be 80mm, and the curvature radius R of the input and output mirror1At 0.5m, R can be obtained20.75m, the laser can realize high beam quality and high-efficiency laser output mainly based on the fundamental mode.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a ceramic laser having high beam quality and high output efficiency includes at least a laser diode pump source 2, a laser resonator; the laser resonant cavity comprises a resonant cavity input mirror 1, a laser medium 3 and a resonant cavity output mirror 4, wherein the laser medium 3 is arranged between the resonant cavity input mirror 1 and the resonant cavity output mirror 4, the laser medium 3 is a YAG transparent ceramic rod, the length of the YAG transparent ceramic rod is l, and the diameter of the YAG transparent ceramic rod is D, and the laser resonant cavity is characterized in that: on the axial line of a YAG transparent ceramic rod with the length of l, a column space with the length of l and the length of less than the diameter D of the YAG transparent ceramic rod is doped with Nd3+The diode pumping source 2 pumps a YAG transparent ceramic rod with the length of l, and resonant laser output is generated in a resonant cavity between the resonant cavity input mirror 1 and the resonant cavity output mirror 4.
Cylindrical space doped Nd with diameter D smaller than length l in laser resonant cavity3+The gain amplifier is used for generating gain amplification output for the fundamental mode or low-order mode oscillation light of the resonant laser.
Nd doped with laser medium 3 as center3+Not doped with Nd around3+The laser diode pumping source 2 pumps Nd of the ceramic laser medium rod through the side surface3+Doping region for pumping light to enter Nd3+The doped particles in the doped region are absorbed, and the laser range capable of oscillating in the cavity is limited, so that the output laser is a fundamental mode Gaussian beam or a low-order mode Gaussian beam.
Designing relevant parameters in the laser according to the theory of the resonant cavity, wherein L is the cavity length of the resonant cavity, and the curvature radiuses of the two reflectors are respectively R1And R2According to the stable cavity theory, the spot radius omega of the fundamental mode Gaussian laser on the two cavity mirrors can be obtained1And ω2Respectively as follows:
Figure BDA0002326085670000081
Figure BDA0002326085670000082
wherein, the lambda is the laser wavelength,
Figure BDA0002326085670000083
and satisfies the stability condition of 0 < g1g2＜1。
The average diameter of the intracavity fundamental mode gaussian light can be estimated as
Figure BDA0002326085670000084
And controlling the diameter d of the gain region in the laser medium to be 1-2 times of the average diameter of the Gaussian light in the cavity, so that the laser mainly outputs the Gaussian light in the fundamental mode.
Using the above formula, let
Figure BDA0002326085670000085
That is to say: the diameter of the central doped region of the laser ceramic medium is 1.1mm, the diameter D of the laser ceramic medium can be designed to be 4mm, the cavity length L of the laser resonant cavity is designed to be 100mm, and the curvature radius R of the input and output mirror1At 0.75m, R can be obtained21m, the laser can realize high beam quality and high-efficiency laser output mainly based on a fundamental mode.
By three embodiments for illustration, the diameter of the central doped region of the laser ceramic medium is designed according to the basic mode Gaussian beam or the low-order mode Gaussian beam of the laser, so as to ensure that the laser medium 3 in the laser resonant cavity generates doped Nd on the resonant laser light path3+A transparent ceramic. Making the cylindrical space with length less than the diameter D doped Nd on the axial line of YAG transparent ceramic rod with length of l3+ Diode pump source 2 vs. doped Nd3+Pumping in a YAG transparent ceramic rod of length l to generate a resonant cavity between the input mirror 1 and the output mirror 4And (5) resonant laser output.
In the invention, doped Nd and YAG are arranged on a resonant laser light path generated by a laser medium 3 in a laser resonant cavity; the transparent ceramics outside the optical path of the resonant laser are only used for illustrating the principle of the invention, and the transparent ceramics doped with Nd: YAG and not doped with Nd: YAG are actually of an integrated structure, and a transitional boundary line is formed when viewed from figure 2. But this does not mean that the two are separate.
The invention designs relevant parameters in the laser according to the theory of the resonant cavity, and when the curvature radius R of the two reflectors is confirmed1And R2One of (1), confirm
Figure BDA0002326085670000091
Figure BDA0002326085670000092
At the same time, the cavity length L is confirmed, and the curvature radius R can be calculated by a formula1And R2The other of (a). Of course, the radius of curvature R of the two mirrors can also be confirmed1And R2The cavity length, the diameter of the central doped region of the laser ceramic medium and the curvature radius R of the two reflectors are determined1And R2And the diameter of the central doping area of the laser ceramic medium to obtain the cavity length.

Claims (5)

1. A ceramic laser with high beam quality and high output efficiency comprises at least a laser diode pump source (2), a laser resonant cavity; the laser resonant cavity comprises a resonant cavity input mirror (1), a laser medium (3) and a resonant cavity output mirror (4), wherein the laser medium (3) is arranged between the resonant cavity input mirror (1) and the resonant cavity output mirror (4), the laser medium (3) is a YAG transparent ceramic rod, the length of the YAG transparent ceramic rod is l, and the diameter of the YAG transparent ceramic rod is D, which is characterized in that: on the axis of a YAG transparent ceramic rod with the length of l, a cylindrical space with the diameter D and the length of l is doped with Nd3+The optical diode pump source (2) pumps a YAG transparent ceramic rod with the length of l, and a resonant cavity between the resonant cavity input mirror (1) and the resonant cavity output mirror (4) generates fundamental mode or low-order mode oscillation light to generateAnd the gain amplifies the output.
2. A ceramic laser as claimed in claim 1 having high beam quality and high output efficiency, wherein: the laser medium (3) is doped with Nd as the center3+Not doped with Nd around3+The laser diode pumping source (2) pumps Nd of the ceramic laser medium rod through the side surface3+Doping region for pumping light to enter Nd3+The doped particles in the doped region are absorbed, and the laser range capable of oscillating in the cavity is limited, so that the output laser is a fundamental mode Gaussian beam or a low-order mode Gaussian beam.
3. A ceramic laser method with high beam quality and high output efficiency, characterized by: designing relevant parameters in the laser according to the theory of the resonant cavity, wherein L is the cavity length of the resonant cavity, and the curvature radiuses of the two reflectors are respectively R1And R2According to the stable cavity theory, the spot radius omega of the fundamental mode Gaussian laser on the two cavity mirrors can be obtained1And ω2Respectively as follows:
Figure FDA0002326085660000011
Figure FDA0002326085660000021
wherein, the lambda is the laser wavelength,
Figure FDA0002326085660000022
and satisfies the stability condition of 0 < g1g2＜1。
The average diameter of the intracavity fundamental mode gaussian light can be estimated as
Figure FDA0002326085660000023
The diameter of the gain region in the laser medium is controlled by controllingCylindrical space doping Nd in diameter D of laser ceramic medium3+Doping Nd in cylindrical space3+The diameter of (A) is 1-2 times of the average diameter of the Gaussian light in the cavity and is smaller than the diameter D of the laser ceramic medium.
4. A ceramic laser method of claim 3 having high beam quality and high output efficiency, characterized by: designing relevant parameters in the laser according to the theory of the resonant cavity can confirm the curvature radius R of the two reflectors1And R2One of (1), confirm
Figure FDA0002326085660000024
At the same time, the cavity length L is confirmed, and the curvature radius R can be calculated by a formula1And R2The other of (a).
5. A ceramic laser method of claim 3 having high beam quality and high output efficiency, characterized by: the design of relevant parameters in the laser is based on the theory of the resonant cavity, and the curvature radius R of the two mirrors can be confirmed1And R2The cavity length, the diameter of the central doped region of the laser ceramic dielectric is obtained, or the curvature radius R of two reflectors is confirmed1And R2And the diameter of the central doping area of the laser ceramic medium to obtain the cavity length.
CN201911317015.XA 2019-12-19 2019-12-19 Ceramic laser with high beam quality and high output efficiency and design method Pending CN111009819A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112397977A (en) * 2020-11-18 2021-02-23 中国科学院理化技术研究所 A slab laser
CN113140954A (en) * 2021-04-01 2021-07-20 江苏师范大学 Xenon lamp pumping solid laser based on refractive index highly-matched gain medium
CN116345281A (en) * 2023-03-01 2023-06-27 北京工业大学 A Hybrid Pumped Slab Laser Amplifier

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CN105071206A (en) * 2015-09-17 2015-11-18 江苏师范大学 Vortex laser based on laser medium center zero gain structure
CN211088738U (en) * 2019-12-19 2020-07-24 西安电子科技大学 Ceramic laser with high beam quality and high output efficiency

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CN103490278A (en) * 2013-09-27 2014-01-01 西安电子科技大学 Method of distribution of absorption of laser crystal radial-direction non-uniform doping control pump light
CN105071206A (en) * 2015-09-17 2015-11-18 江苏师范大学 Vortex laser based on laser medium center zero gain structure
CN211088738U (en) * 2019-12-19 2020-07-24 西安电子科技大学 Ceramic laser with high beam quality and high output efficiency

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112397977A (en) * 2020-11-18 2021-02-23 中国科学院理化技术研究所 A slab laser
CN112397977B (en) * 2020-11-18 2022-03-04 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Lath laser
CN113140954A (en) * 2021-04-01 2021-07-20 江苏师范大学 Xenon lamp pumping solid laser based on refractive index highly-matched gain medium
CN116345281A (en) * 2023-03-01 2023-06-27 北京工业大学 A Hybrid Pumped Slab Laser Amplifier
CN116345281B (en) * 2023-03-01 2025-11-25 北京工业大学 A hybrid pumped slab laser amplifier

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Application publication date: 20200414