CN119836126A - Double-sided flexible solar cell and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Double-sided flexible solar cell and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种双面柔性太阳能电池及其制备方法。由上至下依次包括柔性半透明光伏电池、曲面反射镜、柔性光伏电池，所述柔性半透明光伏电池由上至下依次包括封装层、第二透明电极、电子传输层、光吸收层、空穴传输层、第一透明电极；所述曲面反射镜由上至下依次包括曲面基底、高反射率金属层、耐候性保护层；所述柔性光伏电池为钙钛矿太阳电池、有机太阳能电池、铜铟镓硒太阳能电池、染料敏化太阳能电池、单晶硅太阳能电池、非晶硅太阳能电池、碲化镉薄膜太阳能电池、量子点太阳能电池中的一种。本发明提供的双面柔性太阳能电池能够解决传统柔性太阳能电池太阳光谱利用率低、光伏与光热系统协同性不足、复杂曲面适应性差等一系列问题。
The present invention discloses a double-sided flexible solar cell and a preparation method thereof. From top to bottom, it includes a flexible semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, a curved reflector, and a flexible photovoltaic cell. The flexible semi-transparent photovoltaic cell includes an encapsulation layer, a second transparent electrode, an electron transport layer, a light absorption layer, a hole transport layer, and a first transparent electrode from top to bottom; the curved reflector includes a curved substrate, a high reflectivity metal layer, and a weather-resistant protective layer from top to bottom; the flexible photovoltaic cell is one of a perovskite solar cell, an organic solar cell, a copper indium gallium selenide solar cell, a dye-sensitized solar cell, a monocrystalline silicon solar cell, an amorphous silicon solar cell, a cadmium telluride thin-film solar cell, and a quantum dot solar cell. The double-sided flexible solar cell provided by the present invention can solve a series of problems such as low solar spectrum utilization of traditional flexible solar cells, insufficient synergy between photovoltaic and photothermal systems, and poor adaptability to complex curved surfaces.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flexible solar cells, in particular to a double-sided flexible solar cell and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous growth of global energy demand and the acceleration of carbon neutralization targets, the development and application of clean energy technology has become a global focus of attention. Among the many renewable energy sources, solar energy is the core area of energy development in its richness and environmental friendliness. Photovoltaic power generation and photo-thermal utilization are two main modes of solar energy utilization, and have advantages and limitations in practical application. The photovoltaic power generation has the characteristics of high efficiency and flexible application by directly converting sunlight into electric energy, but has limited utilization range of solar spectrum, and particularly can not fully convert the energy of infrared light. In addition, the traditional photovoltaic cells have low utilization efficiency of scattered light and ground reflected light, and the performance of the photovoltaic cells in high latitude, cloudy areas or complex environments is obviously limited. The photo-thermal system is mainly used for collecting infrared band energy of sunlight, and generating or storing energy through heat energy conversion, but the system is complex in design, weak in utilization capacity of ultraviolet light and visible light, and insufficient in overall utilization efficiency of solar spectrum.
The traditional photovoltaic and photo-thermal systems are usually deployed independently, and though the traditional photovoltaic and photo-thermal systems can be complemented in function, the traditional photovoltaic and photo-thermal systems occupy more land resources, have high construction cost and difficult system integration, and limit the economic benefit of the traditional photovoltaic and photo-thermal systems in large-scale application. In order to solve these problems, in recent years, solar technology has been gradually developed toward integration and flexibility. On the one hand, through optimizing the spectrum selectivity technology, different wave bands of sunlight can be accurately separated and utilized, and the cooperative operation of photovoltaics and photo-thermal is realized. On the other hand, the development of the flexible photovoltaic material provides new possibility for photovoltaic-photo-thermal integrated application of a complex curved surface structure, and the technology is particularly important in the scenes such as groove type and disc type photo-thermal power stations and the like which need to adapt to complex reflection curved surfaces.
Although the photovoltaic and photo-thermal technologies have greatly progressed, the problems of spectrum utilization efficiency and system integration degree still exist in the aspects that 1, the existing photovoltaic and photo-thermal systems are not enough in cooperation, and most of the existing photovoltaic power generation and photo-thermal collection systems are designed independently, so that comprehensive and efficient utilization of solar spectrum is difficult to realize, and the energy utilization efficiency is low; the photovoltaic system mainly relies on direct light to generate electricity, the utilization rate of scattered light, ground reflected light and ambient light is limited, especially efficiency is reduced under non-ideal climatic conditions (such as a cloudy environment), 3, single functionality limitation of a photo-thermal reflecting mirror is adopted, most of the existing photo-thermal reflecting mirrors are only used for reflection and heat collection, the existing photo-thermal reflecting mirror is insufficient in spectral selectivity regulation and control, heat energy conduction efficiency and the like, 4, the photovoltaic cell has poor adaptability to complex curved surface structures, the rigid structure of the traditional photovoltaic cell is difficult to adapt to the curved surface shape of a groove type or disc type reflecting mirror, the installation complexity is high, the coverage is incomplete, the system performance is affected, 5, the heat dissipation performance of the photovoltaic and photo-thermal system is insufficient, the existing photovoltaic-photo-thermal hybrid system is easy to reduce efficiency and even equipment is damaged due to heat accumulation under high-intensity radiation, 6, the limitation of the utilization efficiency of the groove type and disc type photo-thermal power station system is single, and the energy utilization mode is not optimal in the design of the traditional groove type and disc type photo-thermal power station.
Based on this background, the present invention has been proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a double-sided flexible solar cell and a preparation method thereof, and the double-sided flexible solar cell can solve a series of problems of low solar spectrum utilization rate, insufficient cooperativity of a photovoltaic system and a photo-thermal system, poor adaptability of a complex curved surface and the like of the traditional flexible solar cell.
The invention provides a double-sided flexible solar cell which sequentially comprises a flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell, a curved mirror and a flexible photovoltaic cell from top to bottom, wherein the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell sequentially comprises a packaging layer, a second transparent electrode, an electron transmission layer, a light absorption layer, a hole transmission layer and a first transparent electrode from top to bottom, and the positions of the electron transmission layer and the hole transmission layer can be interchanged;
the curved reflector sequentially comprises a curved substrate, a high-reflectivity metal layer and a weather-resistant protective layer from top to bottom;
the flexible photovoltaic cell is one of a perovskite solar cell, an organic solar cell, a copper indium gallium selenium solar cell, a dye sensitized solar cell, a monocrystalline silicon solar cell, an amorphous silicon solar cell, a cadmium telluride thin film solar cell and a quantum dot solar cell.
Further, the high-reflectivity metal layer of the curved reflector is made of silver or aluminum, and the weather-resistant protective layer is made of one of aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide and a polymer. Further, the thickness of the high-reflectivity metal layer is 20nm-500nm, further 50-500nm, the thickness of the weather-resistant protective layer is 10nm-500nm, further 30-300nm, and the thickness of the curved substrate is 0.5-5cm by adopting high-transmittance flexible glass.
Further, the flexible photovoltaic cell is a perovskite solar cell and comprises a first transparent electrode, a hole transmission layer, a light absorption layer, an electron transmission layer, a second transparent electrode and a packaging layer from top to bottom in sequence, wherein the positions of the electron transmission layer and the hole transmission layer of the flexible photovoltaic cell can be interchanged, the band gap of the light absorption layer of the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell is 1.65eV-2.30eV, and the band gap of the light absorption layer of the flexible photovoltaic cell is 1.40eV-2.30eV. Still further, the material bandgap of the light absorbing layer of the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell is 1.70eV and the material bandgap of the light absorbing layer of the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell is 1.50eV.
The invention provides a preparation method of a double-sided flexible solar cell, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a curved reflector
Sequentially preparing a high-reflectivity metal layer and a weather-resistant protective layer on the lower surface of a curved surface substrate to obtain the curved surface reflector;
S2, preparing a flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell and a flexible photovoltaic cell, adhering the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell and the flexible photovoltaic cell to the upper surface and the lower surface of the curved reflector, or directly preparing the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell and the flexible photovoltaic cell on the upper surface and the lower surface of the curved reflector, or directly preparing the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell or the flexible photovoltaic cell on the upper surface or the lower surface of the curved reflector, and then adhering the prepared flexible photovoltaic cell or the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell to the curved reflector to obtain the double-sided flexible solar cell.
Further, the preparation process of the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell comprises the steps of sequentially preparing a first transparent electrode, a hole transmission layer, a light absorption layer, an electron transmission layer and a second transparent electrode on a transparent flexible substrate or on the upper surface of a curved surface reflecting mirror, and finally packaging by adopting a packaging material, wherein the flexible substrate adopted in the preparation process of the flexible photovoltaic cell is transparent or opaque, and the rest preparation processes are consistent with the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell.
Further, when the flexible photovoltaic cell is directly manufactured on the lower surface of the curved reflector, a thin glass sheet is fixed on the lower surface of the curved reflector, the thickness of the thin glass sheet is 1mm-2cm, and the first transparent electrode, the hole transmission layer, the light absorption layer, the electron transmission layer, the second transparent electrode and the packaging layer are sequentially manufactured on the thin glass sheet.
Further, the preparation process of the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell is as follows:
A. The transparent flexible substrate is prepared by adopting one of polyethylene glycol terephthalate, polyimide or polyethylene naphthalate as a raw material, and the step A can be directly omitted when the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell is directly prepared on the upper surface of the curved surface reflector;
B. Depositing one of indium tin oxide, zinc aluminum oxide or fluorine doped tin oxide on a flexible substrate to form a first transparent electrode;
C. Depositing poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -polystyrene sulfonate or poly [ bis (4-phenyl) (2, 4, 6-trimethylphenyl) amine ] on the first transparent electrode, followed by an annealing treatment at 80-120 ℃ to form a hole transport layer;
D. Depositing a perovskite film on the hole transport layer, and annealing at 100-150 ℃ to form a light absorption layer;
E. Depositing a [6,6] -phenyl-C 61 -methyl butyrate or nanocrystalline TiO 2 solution on the light absorption layer, and annealing at 70-120 ℃ to form an electron transport layer;
F. Depositing at least one of indium tin oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, silver nanowires or graphene on the electron transport layer to form a second transparent electrode, so as to obtain a battery main body structure;
G. And preparing an encapsulation layer, and encapsulating the outside of the battery main body structure by adopting an encapsulation material in vacuum or nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic battery.
Further, when the prepared flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell or flexible photovoltaic cell is adhered to the surface of the curved reflector, the specific process is as follows:
firstly, washing the surface of a curved reflector by using industrial ethanol, isopropanol and deionized water in sequence, and finally drying or baking by using nitrogen;
then, uniformly coating an adhesive on the surface of the curved reflector to form an adhesive layer, wherein the thickness of the adhesive layer is 100-200 mu m, and the adhesive adopts an organosilicon adhesive or an ultraviolet curing adhesive;
and finally, placing the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell or the flexible photovoltaic cell on the adhesive layer, and compacting.
The preparation process of the flexible photovoltaic cell further comprises the steps of after the light absorption layer is formed, carrying out microstructure manufacturing on the surface of the light absorption layer, wherein the microstructure manufacturing is carried out in one or more modes of laser direct writing, nanoimprint and wet etching, depositing a metal reflecting layer on the back surface of the prepared flexible photovoltaic cell, and then coating a titanium dioxide protecting layer on the metal reflecting layer.
Further, the preparation process of the curved reflector in the step S1 is as follows:
S11, sequentially preparing a high-reflectivity metal layer and a weather-resistant protective layer on the lower surface of a curved substrate;
S12, depositing a spectrum selective coating on the upper surface of the curved substrate, firstly depositing silicon dioxide or silicon nitride on the upper surface of the curved substrate to form an infrared transmission film, and then alternately depositing a high refractive index material layer and a low refractive index material layer on the infrared transmission film to form an interference film, and finally forming the spectrum selective coating to obtain the curved reflector. The material of the high refractive index material layer is titanium dioxide, and the material of the low refractive index material layer is silicon dioxide or magnesium fluoride.
Further, the preparation process of the curved reflector in the step S1 is as follows:
S11, prefabricating a heat conduction channel or an embedded structure on a curved substrate, embedding a heat conduction material into the heat conduction channel or the embedded structure, coating heat conduction paste on the contact surface of the curved substrate and the heat conduction material, and adopting vacuum lamination;
s12, sequentially preparing a high-reflectivity metal layer and a weather-resistant protective layer on the lower surface of the curved substrate;
s13, finally, preparing a spectrum selective coating on the upper surface of the curved surface substrate to obtain the curved surface reflecting mirror.
The preparation method of the curved surface reflector comprises the following steps of adopting a laser direct writing mode, a nano imprinting mode or an etching mode to set a micro-nano structure array on the upper surface of the spectrum selective coating.
The invention also provides an application of the double-sided flexible solar cell or the double-sided flexible solar cell prepared by the method in a groove type photo-thermal power generation system or a disc type photo-thermal power generation system.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
According to the technical scheme, the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell, the curved reflector and the flexible photovoltaic cell are integrated into a whole through a unique three-layer structural design, so that efficient utilization of solar spectrum in sub-bands is realized. The upper flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell mainly absorbs ultraviolet light and visible light and allows infrared light to penetrate through the curved reflector of the middle layer for heat energy collection, and the lower flexible photovoltaic cell utilizes ground reflected light and environment scattered light to generate power.
The double-sided flexible solar cell prepared by the invention remarkably improves the cooperative efficiency of a photovoltaic system and a photo-thermal system, increases the heat energy conversion efficiency, remarkably enhances the capturing capability of non-direct light, effectively makes up for a short plate with low utilization rate of scattered light and ground reflected light in the existing photovoltaic technology, and further enhances the adaptability of the flexible cell, wherein the upper and lower layers of flexible cells can adapt to the reflecting mirror structures of complex curved surfaces of groove-type and disc-type photo-thermal power stations.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a double-sided flexible solar cell according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a flexible photovoltaic cell of example 1 of this invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a curved mirror according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a bifacial flexible solar cell according to embodiment 2 of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a curved mirror according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a flexible photovoltaic cell in example 4 of this invention
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a curved mirror according to embodiment 5 of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an application of the bifacial flexible solar cell in the photo-thermal power station according to the invention.
The plan views of fig. 2-8 are merely for clarity of illustration of the positional relationship between the curved mirror, the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell or the layers of the flexible photovoltaic cell, and do not represent that the specific physical shape is planar, and that the physical shape is circular arc shape of a conventional flexible cell in the art.
The reference numerals illustrate 1-flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cells, 101-flexible substrates, 102-first transparent electrodes, 103-hole transport layers, 104-light absorbing layers, 105-electron transport layers, 106-second transparent electrodes, 107-encapsulation layers, 2-curved mirrors, 201-curved substrates, 202-high reflectivity metal layers, 203-weather resistant protective layers, 204-infrared transmission films, 205-interference films, 206-heat conducting channels, 207-heat conducting materials, 208-spectrally selective coatings, 209-thin glass sheets, 3-flexible photovoltaic cells, 301-metal reflective layers, 302-titanium dioxide protective layers, 4-brackets, 5-collectors.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in connection with the embodiments, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise. The terms "mounted," "connected," "coupled," and "connected" are used in a broad sense, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, mechanically connected, electrically connected, directly connected, or indirectly connected via an intermediate medium, or may be in communication with the interior of two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example 1
The double-sided flexible solar cell comprises a flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell 1, a curved reflector 2 and a flexible photovoltaic cell 3 from top to bottom in sequence as shown in fig. 1.
The flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell 1 comprises an encapsulation layer 107, a second transparent electrode 106, an electron transport layer 105, a light absorption layer 104, a hole transport layer 103 and a first transparent electrode 102 from top to bottom.
The curved reflector 2 comprises a curved substrate 201, a high-reflectivity metal layer 202 and a weather-resistant protective layer 203 from top to bottom.
The flexible photovoltaic cell 3 is a perovskite solar cell and comprises a first transparent electrode 102, a hole transmission layer 103, a light absorption layer 104, an electron transmission layer 105, a second transparent electrode 106 and an encapsulation layer 107 from top to bottom.
In this embodiment the flexible translucent photovoltaic cell 1 and the flexible photovoltaic cell 3 are each provided with a flexible substrate 101. Wherein the positions of the electron transport layer 105 and the hole transport layer 103 of the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell 1 and the flexible photovoltaic cell 3 may be interchanged.
The preparation method of the double-sided flexible solar cell comprises the following specific processes:
s1, preparing a curved reflector 2
The curved mirror 2 employs a combination of a high-reflectivity metal layer 202 and a weather-resistant protective layer 203 to enhance the reflection effect on unabsorbed light. The curved substrate 201 may be made of high-transmittance flexible glass with a thickness of 0.5-5cm, the curved substrate 201 is cleaned and polished to remove oxides and impurities, the adhesiveness of the coating is ensured, and a silver or aluminum film is uniformly deposited on the lower surface of the curved substrate 201 after fine polishing by adopting a vacuum evaporation or magnetron sputtering process, so as to obtain the high-reflectivity metal layer 202. Subsequently, a weather resistant protective layer 203 (the material of the weather resistant protective layer 203 is SiO 2 or TiO 2) is prepared on the lower surface of the high-reflectivity metal layer 202 using Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) or spin coating to enhance the corrosion resistance and durability thereof. Wherein the high reflectivity metal layer 202 may have a thickness of 50-500nm, more preferably 100-200nm, and the weather resistant protective layer 203 may have a thickness of 30-300nm, more preferably 80-100nm. The structure of the prepared curved reflector is shown in fig. 4.
S2, assembling double-sided flexible solar cell
S21, preparing flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell 1
A. Preparation of flexible substrate 101
Flexible substrates play a vital role in the photovoltaic field, mainly for carrying photovoltaic layers. In order to perform its function better, the substrate needs to have excellent high light transmittance and excellent mechanical flexibility. In the preparation process, the processes of solution film casting, hot press molding, electrostatic spinning, melt extrusion and the like are adopted. In the melt extrusion method, first, one material of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) is heated to a molten state. In this state, the material has good fluidity, facilitating subsequent processing operations. Next, the material in the molten state is extruded into a film. To further enhance the mechanical properties of the film, it is also necessary to stretch the film. The stretching process makes the molecular structure of the film more ordered, thereby improving the strength and toughness thereof. Subsequently, in order to enhance the adhesion of the film surface to the subsequent coating, the film surface is treated by a plasma cleaning method. The plasma cleaning can remove impurities and pollutants on the surface of the film, activate surface molecules and improve surface energy, so that the binding force with a subsequent coating is enhanced.
B. preparation of first transparent electrode 102
The first transparent electrode 102 is deposited on the flexible substrate 101 for collecting carriers in the photovoltaic cell while ensuring high light transmittance. One of indium tin oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, or fluorine doped tin oxide is deposited on the flexible substrate 101 using a magnetron sputtering method. In order to ensure uniformity of the first transparent electrode 102, a multi-target spin sputtering process may be used, and finally, conductivity and light transmittance of the thin film are enhanced by heat treatment.
C. Preparation of hole transport layer 103
The hole transport layer 103 is deposited on the first transparent electrode 102 to efficiently transport holes generated by the light absorbing layer 104, preventing electrons from being reversely transported. A hole transport material (using one of poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -polystyrene sulfonate, poly [ bis (4-phenyl) (2, 4, 6-trimethylphenyl) amine ] is deposited on the first transparent electrode 102 by solution spin coating, followed by an annealing treatment at 80-120 ℃ to remove the solvent and enhance the stability of the layer).
D. Preparation of light absorbing layer 104
The light absorbing layer 104 is deposited on the hole transporting layer 103 and is the core component of the photovoltaic cell responsible for converting sunlight into electron-hole pairs. The material bandgap of the light absorbing layer 104 is 1.65eV-2.30eV, and most preferably 1.70eV. The perovskite and organic quantum dot precursor solution is coated on the hole transport layer 103 by adopting a solution spin coating method, a slit coating method and other methods, a uniform perovskite film is formed by wet chemical deposition, and then the perovskite film is annealed at 100-150 ℃ to form the perovskite light absorption layer 104 with good crystallization.
E. preparation of electron transport layer 105
An electron transport layer 105 is deposited on the light absorbing layer 104 for conducting electrons generated in the light absorbing layer 104 to the electrode. The [6,6] -phenyl-C 61 -methyl butyrate) or nanocrystalline TiO 2 solution is deposited on the light absorbing layer 104 through a solution spin coating or spray coating process, and low-temperature annealing is carried out at 70-120 ℃ to enhance the crystallinity and electron transport property of the layer.
F. Preparation of the second transparent electrode 106
A second transparent electrode 106 is deposited on the electron transport layer 105 for collecting electrons and conducting current while maintaining light transmittance. One of indium tin oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, silver nanowires, or graphene is uniformly deposited on the electron transport layer 105 using a magnetron sputtering or thermal evaporation process. For graphene or silver nanowires, a spin coating or spray coating method is generally used, and a transfer process is performed in cooperation with the flexible substrate 101.
G. Preparation of encapsulation layer 107
The encapsulation layer 107 serves to protect the cell from moisture and oxygen in the environment, extending the life of the cell. The packaging material (packaging material adopts one of ethylene-vinyl acetate, polyvinylidene fluoride, butyl rubber and organic silicon) is subjected to hot pressing in vacuum or nitrogen atmosphere by adopting a lamination process, so that the packaging material is tightly wrapped outside the whole battery structure, the damage of environmental factors to the battery is prevented, and the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic battery 1 is obtained, and the structure of the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic battery 1 is shown in figure 2.
S22, preparing a flexible photovoltaic cell 3
The structure of the flexible photovoltaic cell 3 is shown in fig. 3, and the preparation process is identical to that of the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell 1, except that the band gap of the perovskite light absorbing layer 104 is different, and the band gap of the flexible photovoltaic cell 3 is 1.40eV-2.30eV, and is most preferably 1.5eV. Another difference is that the flexible substrate 101 of the flexible photovoltaic cell 3 can be transparent or opaque, and there is no requirement for transparency.
S23, assembling, namely adhering the prepared flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell 1 and the prepared flexible photovoltaic cell 3 to the curved mirror 2
S231, surface cleaning treatment, namely firstly flushing the upper and lower surfaces of the curved reflector 2 by using industrial ethanol, isopropanol and deionized water in sequence, and finally drying or drying by using nitrogen.
S232. adhesive layer coating, namely uniformly coating an adhesive (high-performance organosilicon adhesive or ultraviolet curing adhesive) on the upper surface and the lower surface of the curved reflector 2 so as to ensure that the battery can be firmly attached to the reflector surface. The coating thickness of the adhesive should be uniform, and is generally controlled to be between 100 and 200 μm to ensure sufficient adhesion and flatness of the battery. Wait a few minutes after coating to allow the adhesive layer to dry slightly to a semi-cured state for subsequent application operations.
S234, positioning the battery, namely placing the prepared flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell 1 on an adhesive layer on the upper surface (inner side in the bending direction) of the curved mirror 2, placing the flexible photovoltaic cell 3 on an adhesive layer on the lower surface (outer side in the bending direction) of the curved mirror 2, and gradually attaching from one side to ensure that no bubble exists between the battery and the surface of the curved mirror 2. In the lamination process, rollers or other flexible tools can be used for light pressing, so that the photovoltaic cells are ensured to be tightly laminated on the curved surface and kept uniform.
And S235, compacting and curing, namely compacting the whole system by using a vacuum compacting system and a roller press, and keeping uniform pressure to ensure the integrity and firmness of the adhesion between the battery and the curved reflector 2. The compaction time is generally 30 minutes to 1 hour to ensure sufficient adhesion, if an ultraviolet curing adhesive is used, the adhesive can be rapidly cured by irradiating the surface of the cell with an ultraviolet light source, and the double-sided flexible solar cell is finally obtained, the structure of which is shown in fig. 1.
The preparation processes of the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell 1, the curved reflector 2 and the flexible photovoltaic cell 3 are all conventional in the art.
Example 2
The double-sided flexible solar cell comprises a flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell 1, a curved reflector 2 and a flexible photovoltaic cell 3 from top to bottom in sequence as shown in fig. 5.
The flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell 1 comprises an encapsulation layer 107, a second transparent electrode 106, an electron transport layer 105, a light absorption layer 104, a hole transport layer 103 and a first transparent electrode 102 from top to bottom.
The curved reflector 2 comprises a curved substrate 201, a high-reflectivity metal layer 202 and a weather-resistant protective layer 203 from top to bottom.
The flexible photovoltaic cell 3 comprises a first transparent electrode 102, a hole transport layer 103, a light absorption layer 104, an electron transport layer 105, a second transparent electrode 106 and an encapsulation layer 107 from top to bottom.
The preparation method of the double-sided flexible solar cell comprises the following specific processes:
s1, preparing a curved reflector 2
The curved substrate 201 is made of high-transmittance flexible glass, the thickness of the high-transmittance flexible glass can be 0.5-5cm, silver or aluminum is uniformly deposited on the curved substrate 201 subjected to fine polishing by adopting a vacuum evaporation or magnetron sputtering process to form a high-reflectivity metal layer 202, and then a weather-resistant protective layer 203 (the material of the weather-resistant protective layer 203 is SiO 2 or TiO 2) is prepared on the lower surface of the high-reflectivity metal layer 202 by adopting Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) or spin coating, wherein the thickness of the high-reflectivity metal layer 202 can be 50-500nm, more preferably 100-200nm, and the thickness of the weather-resistant protective layer 203 can be 30-300nm, more preferably 80-100nm.
S2, sequentially preparing a first transparent electrode 102, a hole transmission layer 103, a light absorption layer 104, an electron transmission layer 105, a second transparent electrode 106 and a packaging layer 107 on the upper surface of the curved surface reflector 2 to form a flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell 1, and simultaneously preparing a flexible photovoltaic cell 3 on the lower surface of the curved surface reflector 2, wherein the preparation methods of the first transparent electrode 102, the hole transmission layer 103, the light absorption layer 104, the electron transmission layer 105, the second transparent electrode 106 and the packaging layer 107 are identical to those of the embodiment 1, and are not repeated. The battery materials of the same layer may be simultaneously prepared on the upper and lower surfaces of the curved mirror 2, or may be prepared first and then.
Alternatively, the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell 1 or the flexible photovoltaic cell 3 can be directly prepared on the upper surface or the lower surface of the curved reflector 2, and then the prepared flexible photovoltaic cell 3 or the prepared flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell 1 is adhered on the curved reflector 2, so that the double-sided flexible solar cell is obtained.
It should be noted that, when the flexible photovoltaic cell 3 is directly fabricated on the lower surface of the curved mirror 2, a thin glass sheet 209 is fixed on the lower surface of the curved mirror 2, the thickness of the thin glass sheet 209 is 1mm-2cm, and the first transparent electrode 102, the hole transport layer 103, the light absorption layer 104, the electron transport layer 105, the second transparent electrode 106, and the encapsulation layer 107 are sequentially fabricated on the lower surface of the thin glass sheet 209.
Example 3
The technical scheme in this embodiment is basically the same as that of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, except that the curved mirror 2 is modified, and a spectrally selective coating is disposed between the upper surface of the curved mirror 2 and the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell 1.
The improved technical principle is as follows:
The spectrum selective coating is designed on the surface of the curved reflector 2 to regulate and control the transmission and reflection behaviors of light in different wave bands, namely, infrared light is transmitted through the spectrum selective coating and is transmitted to the heat energy collecting system to be converted into heat energy, and light which is not absorbed by the upper photovoltaic cell by ultraviolet light and visible light is efficiently reflected by the coating and reused.
Material and coating design
The coating material comprises a base coating material, a multi-layer structure coating design, wherein the base coating material adopts oxide or nitride materials such as titanium dioxide, silicon oxide and silicon nitride, a curved substrate adopts metals such as silver (Ag) or aluminum (Al) to enhance reflection characteristics, and the multi-layer structure coating design comprises the steps of alternately depositing materials with high refractive index (such as TiO 2) and low refractive index (such as SiO 2) based on the principle of an interference film to form a multi-layer structure, so that the spectral selectivity performance is optimized.
Functional layer design
The infrared transmits the functional layer, and the refractive index and thickness of the coating are adjusted, so that the infrared light wave band (700-2500 nm) can be transmitted with high transmittance (the transmittance is more than 90%). The ultraviolet and visible light reflection functional layer realizes high reflectivity (the reflectivity is more than 95%) for light with the wavelength ranging from 300 nm to 700nm through interference enhanced reflection characteristics. And the scattering enhancement coating is used for introducing micro-nano structures (such as nanoparticle coatings or etched patterns) on the surface of the curved reflector so as to enhance the light scattering performance.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
S11, the curved substrate 201 is made of high-permeability flexible glass, the thickness of the high-permeability flexible glass can be 0.5-5cm, an aluminum or silver metal layer is used for enhancing reflection characteristics, the curved substrate 201 is cleaned and polished to remove oxides and impurities and ensure coating adhesion, and silver or an aluminum film is uniformly deposited on the lower surface of the curved substrate 201 subjected to fine polishing by adopting a vacuum evaporation or magnetron sputtering process, so that the high-reflectivity metal layer 202 is obtained. Subsequently, a weather resistant protective layer 203 is prepared on the lower surface of the high-reflectivity metal layer 202 using Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) or spin coating. Wherein the high reflectivity metal layer 202 may have a thickness of 50-500nm, more preferably 100-200nm, and the weather resistant protective layer 203 may have a thickness of 30-300nm, more preferably 80-100nm.
S12, preparing a spectrum selective coating
Preparing a spectrum selective transreflective layer on the upper surface of the curved substrate 201, the spectrum selective transreflective layer including an infrared transmissive film 204 and an interference film 205;
An infrared transmission film 204 (silicon dioxide or silicon nitride is selected as a material) is deposited on the upper surface of the curved substrate 201 by adopting a sol-gel method, an Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) method, a sputtering method, a chemical vapor deposition or a physical vapor deposition, and the infrared transmission film 204 has good infrared light transmittance and mechanical durability, and the thickness of the film is 100-300nm. To enhance the reflection of ultraviolet light and visible light, a high refractive index material layer (TiO 2) and a low refractive index material layer (SiO 2 or magnesium fluoride) are sequentially deposited on the infrared transmission film 204 to form an interference film 205, wherein the thickness of the high refractive index material layer is 30-100nm, and the thickness of the low refractive index material layer is 50-200nm. The interference film 205 capable of reflecting ultraviolet light and visible light is formed by adopting a high-low refractive index alternating design, the structure of the interference film 205 is 5-7 layers which are alternated, and the total thickness is controlled to be 300-500nm. The interference film 205 is reflective in the ultraviolet and visible light bands, and the reflectivity can be up to 90% or more.
S13, forming a micro-nano structure array (such as a conical, cylindrical or random pattern structure, the structure size of which is micro-scale or nano-scale, and the scattering angle and intensity are optimized) on the surface of the spectrum selective coating by using a laser direct writing, nano-imprinting or etching technology, and finally obtaining the curved surface reflector 2 (the structure of the curved surface reflector 2 is shown in figure 6).
Example 4
The technical scheme in the embodiment is consistent with embodiment 1, embodiment 2 or embodiment 3, and is different in that the flexible photovoltaic cell 3 is improved in some aspects, the capturing and utilizing efficiency of the flexible photovoltaic cell 3 to light energy is improved in multiple aspects, and the improved technical principle is as follows:
and the back design is that the light absorption direction of the lower photovoltaic cell is optimized, so that the lower photovoltaic cell can efficiently absorb the light scattered by the environment and the ground reflected light.
And (3) carrying out microstructure surface treatment, namely adding a micro-nano structure on the surface of the lower photovoltaic cell so as to enhance the capturing capability of scattered light.
The design of the reflective coating is that a high-reflectivity coating is added on the back surface of the lower cell (namely, the upper surface of the flexible photovoltaic cell 3 close to the curved surface reflector 2), and unabsorbed light is reflected to return to the inside of the cell, so that the recycling rate of light is improved.
Material and structural design
The back-to-back design is that a battery material adopts a high-efficiency flexible perovskite photovoltaic material, has a wide spectral response range and good light absorption capacity, and a transparent substrate adopts Polyimide (PI) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with high light transmittance as a substrate material so as to scatter light and reflected light to enter a lower battery.
Microstructure surface treatment, namely introducing a nano column array, a micro cone structure or pit patterns which are randomly distributed;
the material is selected from coating anti-reflection coating (such as silicon dioxide SiO 2) on the surface or directly etching the surface of the battery to enhance the trapping effect of light.
And the back reflection coating adopts a metal material such as silver or aluminum as a reflection layer, and has high reflectivity and conductivity. And a dielectric layer such as titanium dioxide or magnesium oxide is covered on the metal reflecting layer to serve as a reflection enhancing coating so as to improve the reflection efficiency and the stability of the protective coating.
The preparation process comprises
The flexible photovoltaic cell 3 in this example was prepared substantially as in example 1, except that:
(1) After the light absorbing layer 104 is prepared, a microstructure is formed on the lower surface of the light absorbing layer 104, and the microstructure is formed by one or more of the following ways:
Laser direct writing, forming nano patterns on the surface of the light absorbing layer 104 by using laser, and improving light trapping capacity;
nanometer imprinting, namely rapidly manufacturing a micro-nano structure in a mold imprinting mode, and improving scattered light capturing capacity;
wet etching, preparing randomly distributed micropores or pits by coating a mask and using an etching solution.
(2) Deposition of backside reflective coating
The metal reflective layer 301 (Ag or Al) is deposited by magnetron sputtering to a thickness of about 50-100nm. A titanium dioxide protective layer 302 is coated on the metal reflective layer 301 to enhance the reflective properties and prolong the life of the coating, and the structure of the prepared flexible photovoltaic cell 3 is shown in fig. 7.
Example 5
The technical scheme in the embodiment is basically the same as any one of the technical schemes in the embodiments 1-4, and is different in that the curved mirror 2 is improved, and the improvement principle is that the heat transfer path is optimized and the heat energy collecting efficiency is improved by embedding a heat conducting material in the curved mirror 2.
And the heat conduction material rapidly transmits heat to the heat energy collecting system, so that heat loss is reduced.
And the light and heat are cooperatively utilized, so that the integration of heat dissipation and light and heat separation functions is realized while the high optical reflection performance is ensured.
Material and structural design
The heat conducting material is selected from copper or aluminum, has high heat conductivity (the heat conductivity coefficient is respectively 400W/(m.K) and 237W/(m.K)), and is easy to process into a complex structure, or adopts carbon-based material, namely graphene or carbon nano tube, has ultrahigh heat conductivity (the heat conductivity coefficient can reach 2000W/(m.K)), and is suitable for enhancing the heat conducting efficiency.
The filling material adopts high heat conduction ceramic (one of boron nitride, aluminum nitride or silicon carbide), is suitable for being used as a filling enhancement layer of metal and carbon-based materials, and has heat conduction and high temperature resistance.
Structure design of multifunctional reflecting mirror
And the heat conduction channel is formed by designing a high heat conduction material embedded channel on the back surface of the curved reflector (the lower surface of the curved reflector), and the heat dissipation efficiency is improved by optimizing the geometric structure (such as honeycomb or stripe distribution).
The channels are distributed at intervals and cover the high-heat area of the reflecting mirror to uniformly transfer heat.
And an interface heat conducting material (such as heat conducting paste or heat conducting adhesive film) is added between the heat coupling interface, the heat conducting material and the curved surface substrate, so that the heat resistance is reduced, and the heat transfer efficiency is improved.
The light-heat separation structure is designed into a layered structure, wherein the upper layer is a spectrum selective coating for light separation, and the lower layer is an embedded heat conducting layer for heat dissipation and heat transfer.
The preparation process comprises
S11, processing a base material
The curved substrate 201 is made of high-permeability flexible glass, the thickness of the high-permeability flexible glass can be 0.5-5cm, the curved substrate 201 is cleaned and polished to ensure the surface optical performance, a heat conduction channel 206 or an embedded structure is prefabricated on the lower surface of the curved substrate 201 through laser cutting or CNC processing, a heat conduction material 207 is embedded into the prefabricated channel 206 or the embedded structure to ensure firm connection through a welding or hot-pressing combination process, and an interface treatment is performed to coat heat conduction paste on the contact surface of the curved substrate 201 and the heat conduction material 207 so as to reduce interface thermal resistance, and a vacuum lamination technology is adopted to ensure good adhesion of the embedded material and the substrate.
S12, uniformly depositing silver or aluminum films on the surface of the heat conducting material 207 and the lower surface of the curved substrate 201 by adopting a vacuum evaporation or magnetron sputtering process to obtain a high-reflectivity metal layer 202, and then preparing a weather-resistant protective layer 203 on the lower surface of the high-reflectivity metal layer 202 by using Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) or spin coating to enhance the corrosion resistance and durability of the weather-resistant protective layer. Wherein the high reflectivity metal layer 202 may have a thickness of 50-500nm, more preferably 100-200nm, and the weather resistant protective layer 203 may have a thickness of 30-300nm, more preferably 80-100nm.
S13, preparing a spectrum selective coating 208 (for example, the spectrum selective coating in the embodiment 3 or a plurality of silicon dioxide layers and titanium dioxide layers alternately arranged) on the upper surface of the curved substrate 201, so as to obtain the curved reflector 2 (the structure of which is shown in fig. 8).
The embodiments 3-5 provided by the invention are all improved on the basis of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, and the technical schemes in the embodiments can be mutually combined.
The working principle of the double-sided flexible solar cell provided by the invention is as follows, as shown in figure 9, when sunlight irradiates the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell 1, ultraviolet light and visible light are absorbed by the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell 1, and infrared light is reflected to the heat collector 5 by the curved reflector 2 and absorbed. The back flexible photovoltaic cell 3 can further absorb light such as ambient light and ground reflected light. Furthermore, the sun-tracking axis can adjust the orientation of the photovoltaic cells to receive as much sunlight as possible. By integrating the upper layer photovoltaic cell and the lower layer photovoltaic cell on the curved surface reflector 2, the triple benefits of photovoltaic power generation and photo-thermal utilization are realized, and the overall energy utilization efficiency of the curved surface reflector type photo-thermal power station is greatly improved.
The double-sided flexible solar cell prepared by the method is applied to a groove type photo-thermal power generation system and a disc type photo-thermal power generation system, is beneficial to improving the utilization rate of solar spectrum, remarkably improves the cooperative utilization efficiency of photovoltaic power generation and photo-thermal utilization, and has wide application prospect.
The invention obviously improves the light energy utilization efficiency through unique three-layer structure design, spectrum selective utilization and deep coupling of the photovoltaic and photo-thermal system, and has obvious advantages compared with the prior art. The novel three-layer structure integrates the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell, the curved surface reflecting mirror and the lower flexible photovoltaic cell into a whole, so that the efficient utilization of solar spectrum sub-bands is realized. The upper flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell mainly absorbs ultraviolet light and visible light and allows infrared light to penetrate through the curved reflector of the middle layer for heat energy collection, and the lower flexible photovoltaic cell utilizes ground reflected light and environment scattered light to generate power. Experiments show that the cooperative efficiency of the photovoltaic and photo-thermal system is improved by 15% -20%, the power generation amount per unit area is 18% higher than that of the traditional system, the heat energy conversion efficiency is increased by about 12%, the waste of solar energy resources is remarkably reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency can reach more than 50%.
Through the spectrum selective coating technology, the curved reflector of the middle layer not only has high transmittance to infrared light, but also can reflect unabsorbed ultraviolet light and visible light, thereby maximally improving spectrum distribution efficiency. In addition, a metal reflecting layer is added on the back surface of the lower flexible photovoltaic cell, and a microstructure surface treatment technology is introduced, so that the capturing capability of the non-direct light is remarkably enhanced, the power generation efficiency of the lower flexible photovoltaic cell is improved by 8%, and the short plate with low utilization rate of scattered light and ground reflected light by the existing photovoltaic technology is effectively made up.
The upper and lower flexible photovoltaic cells provided by the invention can be suitable for the reflecting mirror structures of the complex curved surfaces of the groove-type and dish-type photo-thermal power stations. The three-layer design of the trough reflector optimizes the cooperative power generation mode of photovoltaic and photo-thermal, the utilization efficiency of the whole light energy is obviously improved when the trough reflector is applied to a high-radiation area, and the comprehensive utilization potential of direct light and scattered light is further expanded when the trough reflector is applied to a disc reflector, so that the trough reflector is suitable for being deployed in complex terrains or high-scattering light environments. The data show that the total light energy utilization efficiency of the invention in practical tests is improved by about 20 percent compared with that of the conventional system.
In addition, the heat transfer path is optimized by embedding the heat conducting material in the curved reflector, so that the problem of efficiency loss caused by heat retention in the traditional photo-thermal system is effectively solved. Experiments prove that the surface temperature of the curved reflector prepared in the embodiment 5 is reduced by 10-15 ℃, the heat transfer efficiency is improved by more than 20%, and the overall performance of the heat energy collecting system is obviously improved. The design gives consideration to high efficiency and high adaptability, and is particularly suitable for large-scale deployment in areas with high radiation and high temperature difference. Compared with the prior art, the photovoltaic and photo-thermal coupling system not only optimizes the cooperative utilization mode of photovoltaic and photo-thermal, but also remarkably improves the energy conversion efficiency and the system operation stability, and provides an innovative solution for the development of the photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling system.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution described in the above embodiments may be modified or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced, and these modifications or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solution deviate from the scope of the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The double-sided flexible solar cell is characterized by comprising a flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell, a curved mirror and a flexible photovoltaic cell from top to bottom in sequence, wherein the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell comprises a packaging layer, a second transparent electrode, an electron transport layer, a light absorption layer, a hole transport layer and a first transparent electrode from top to bottom in sequence, and the positions of the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer can be interchanged;
the curved reflector sequentially comprises a curved substrate, a high-reflectivity metal layer and a weather-resistant protective layer from top to bottom;
the flexible photovoltaic cell is one of a perovskite solar cell, an organic solar cell, a copper indium gallium selenium solar cell, a dye sensitized solar cell, a monocrystalline silicon solar cell, an amorphous silicon solar cell, a cadmium telluride thin film solar cell and a quantum dot solar cell.
2. The bifacial flexible solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the high reflectivity metal layer of the curved reflector is silver or aluminum, and the weather resistant protective layer is one of alumina, silica, titania, and a polymer.
3. The double-sided flexible solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the flexible photovoltaic cell is a perovskite solar cell, and comprises a first transparent electrode, a hole transport layer, a light absorption layer, an electron transport layer, a second transparent electrode and an encapsulation layer from top to bottom in sequence, wherein the positions of the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer of the flexible photovoltaic cell can be interchanged, the band gap of the light absorption layer of the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell is 1.65-2.30 eV, and the band gap of the light absorption layer of the flexible photovoltaic cell is 1.40-2.30 eV.
4. A method of making a bifacial flexible solar cell according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing a curved reflector
Sequentially preparing a high-reflectivity metal layer and a weather-resistant protective layer on the lower surface of a curved surface substrate to obtain the curved surface reflector;
S2, preparing a flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell and a flexible photovoltaic cell, adhering the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell and the flexible photovoltaic cell to the upper surface and the lower surface of the curved reflector, or directly preparing the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell and the flexible photovoltaic cell on the upper surface and the lower surface of the curved reflector, or directly preparing the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell or the flexible photovoltaic cell on the upper surface or the lower surface of the curved reflector, and then adhering the prepared flexible photovoltaic cell or the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell to the curved reflector to obtain the double-sided flexible solar cell.
5. The preparation method of the photovoltaic cell according to claim 4, wherein the preparation process of the photovoltaic cell comprises sequentially preparing a first transparent electrode, a hole transport layer, a light absorption layer, an electron transport layer, and a second transparent electrode on a transparent flexible substrate or on the upper surface of a curved reflector, and finally encapsulating with an encapsulating material;
The flexible substrate adopted in the preparation process of the flexible photovoltaic cell is transparent or opaque, and the rest preparation processes are consistent with the flexible semitransparent photovoltaic cell.
6. The preparation method of the flexible photovoltaic cell according to claim 5, wherein the preparation process of the flexible photovoltaic cell further comprises the steps of performing microstructure preparation on the surface of the light absorption layer after the light absorption layer is formed, performing microstructure preparation by one or more of laser direct writing, nanoimprinting and wet etching, depositing a metal reflecting layer on the back surface of the prepared flexible photovoltaic cell, and then coating a titanium dioxide protecting layer on the metal reflecting layer.
7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the curved mirror in the step S1 is prepared as follows:
S11, sequentially preparing a high-reflectivity metal layer and a weather-resistant protective layer on the lower surface of a curved substrate;
S12, depositing a spectrum selective coating on the upper surface of the curved substrate, firstly depositing silicon dioxide or silicon nitride on the upper surface of the curved substrate to form an infrared transmission film, and then alternately depositing a high refractive index material layer and a low refractive index material layer on the infrared transmission film to form an interference film, and finally forming the spectrum selective coating to obtain the curved reflector.
8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the curved mirror in the step S1 is prepared as follows:
S11, prefabricating a heat conduction channel or an embedded structure on a curved substrate, embedding a heat conduction material into the heat conduction channel or the embedded structure, coating heat conduction paste on the contact surface of the curved substrate and the heat conduction material, and adopting vacuum lamination;
s12, sequentially preparing a high-reflectivity metal layer and a weather-resistant protective layer on the lower surface of the curved substrate;
s13, finally, preparing a spectrum selective coating on the upper surface of the curved surface substrate to obtain the curved surface reflecting mirror.
9. The preparation method of the composite material, according to claim 8, is characterized in that the heat conducting material is one of copper, graphene sheets or ceramic materials, the heat conducting paste is silicone grease or carbon-based heat conducting glue, and the spectrum selective coating is a plurality of silicon dioxide layers and titanium dioxide layers which are alternately arranged;
the preparation process of the curved surface reflecting mirror further comprises the step of setting a micro-nano structure array on the upper surface of the spectrum selective coating by adopting a laser direct writing, nano imprinting or etching mode.
10. Use of the bifacial flexible solar cell according to any one of claims 1-3 or the bifacial flexible solar cell prepared by the method according to claims 4-9 in a trough type photo-thermal power generation system or a dish type photo-thermal power generation system.
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