KR101976918B1 - Lossless Photovoltaic System using Patterned Array and Method of Manufacturing thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A lossless large area solar power generation system using a structure array and a manufacturing method thereof are presented. A lossless large area solar power generation system using a structure arrangement according to an exemplary embodiment includes a substrate having a non-planar structure in which a pattern of the structure arrangement is formed; And a solar cell formed on a light collecting portion of the substrate on which the pattern is formed, wherein the arrangement of the structure formed on the substrate is such that when light is incident on a surface on which the solar cell is not formed, .

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a lossless large-area photovoltaic generation system using a structure array,

The following embodiments relate to a lossless large area solar power generation system using a structure array and a manufacturing method thereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to a lossless large area solar power generation system using a structure array that realizes a solar cell on a substrate having a non-planar structure and utilizes optical characteristics of the non-planar structure to minimize optical loss of the large- And a manufacturing method thereof.

A solar cell is a photovoltaic cell designed to convert solar energy into electrical energy. It is a semiconductor device that converts light energy generated from the sun into electrical energy. Such a solar cell is manufactured in the form of a module in which a plurality of solar cells are arranged in a package so as to meet the requirements of battery capacity and the like.

Solar cells can be fabricated in bulk cell form using III-V inorganic compounds or crystalline silicon (c-Si), or they can be fabricated using amorphous silicon (a-Si), CIGS, CdTe, quantum dots, perovskite, And various efforts such as development of materials for improving the absorbance in a solar cell have been made, as well as research on low cost, process simplification, and life extension.

In particular, when a large-area solar cell module is manufactured, there is a quadrant in the connecting portion in the process of connecting the unit cells in series, and the light absorbed in the quadrupole does not produce electricity. Therefore, there is a problem that the module efficiency is significantly lower than the unit cell efficiency. If the unit cell area in the module is maximized, a large-area module can be formed with a relatively small interval, but a trade-off occurs in which the power loss due to the transparent electrode sheet resistance increases.

 Hoyeon Kim et al., "High-density organic photovoltaic modules: Mask-free fabrication using nozzle jet printing and oblique deposition", solar energy materials & solar cells (2014)  Changsoon Cho et al., "Random and V-groove texturing for efficient light trapping in organic photovoltaic cells," Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells (2013)  Changwon Cho et al., "Toward Perfect Light Trapping in Thin-Film Photovoltaic Cells: Full Utilization of Dual Characteristics of Light", Advanced Optical Materials (2015)  Jonghyeon Noh et al., &Quot; Ultrafast Formation of Air-Processable and High Quality Polymer Films on an Aqueous Substrate ", Nature Communications, 7, 12374 (2016)

Embodiments describe a lossless large area solar power generation system using a structure array and a manufacturing method thereof, and more specifically, a solar cell is implemented on a substrate having a non-planar structure, and a large area The present invention provides a technique for minimizing optical loss and improving mechanical properties of a solar cell system.

The embodiments are made up of a complex parabolic condenser composed of an arrangement of a structure, so that a solar cell is not implemented in a section between solar cells, so that this space can be utilized as an electrode for connecting individual elements in parallel or in series, Area solar power generation system using a structure arrangement capable of realizing a large-area system without deteriorating electrical characteristics and a manufacturing method thereof.

A lossless large area solar power generation system using a structure arrangement according to an exemplary embodiment includes a substrate having a non-planar structure in which a pattern of the structure arrangement is formed; And a solar cell formed on a light collecting portion of the substrate on which the pattern is formed, wherein the arrangement of the structure formed on the substrate is such that when light is incident on a surface on which the solar cell is not formed, .

Here, a back electrode formed on the upper side of the solar cell may be further included.

The arrangement of the structures formed on the substrate may be a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) arrangement comprising an array of structures formed of both curved surfaces having a parabolic cross section.

The complex parabolic condenser array may be a one-dimensional complex parabolic concentrator array in which structures formed of both curved surfaces having a parabolic cross section are connected in series to form a periodic one-dimensional array.

The one-dimensional complex parabolic condenser array can be used as a connection portion in which a structure is connected in series with a parabolic surface where the solar cell is not formed, which is a section between a plurality of the solar cells.

The one-dimensional complex parabolic condenser array may have a period of the arrangement of the structures arranged in a micrometer range, and a metal may be applied to use a section between the plurality of solar cells as a grid electrode.

Since the one-dimensional complex parabolic condenser array uses charges of a plurality of the solar cells as a connection portion or a grid electrode and transfers the charge in the narrow light-collecting portion of the individual cells, high conductivity is not required , It is possible to replace the conventional transparent electrode by using alternate transparent electrode or conductive charge transport layer which is low in conductivity and used in the existing system.

The complex parabolic condenser array can freely adjust the acceptance angle range of light.

The substrate may be made of a flexible structure substrate having flexibility or stretchability.

The solar cell is made of a thin film solar cell having a thickness of nanometer using at least one of organic, quantum-dot, perovskite, and amorphous silicon , And can be disposed on the flexible structure substrate.

The arrangement of the structure formed on the substrate can prevent the expansion or shrinkage of the thin film layer from being concentrated between the dowels for which the solar cell is not implemented, thereby securing the thin film layer vulnerable to external forces and securing high mechanical properties.

The substrate may be fabricated by obliquely depositing the array of structures on the solar cell module.

The substrate may have a pattern of the arrangement of the structures, so that the individual elements can be easily distinguished from each other, so that the solar cell module can be manufactured without a mask in the oblique deposition or thin film layer transfer process.

A method of manufacturing a lossless large area solar power generation system using a structure arrangement according to another embodiment includes the steps of: applying a metal electrode on a substrate having a non-planar structure in which a pattern of the structure arrangement is formed; Removing the metal electrode applied to the light-collecting portion to secure the transparency of the light-collecting portion of the substrate on which the pattern is formed; Applying a transparent electrode or a conductive charge transport layer to the light collecting portion from which the metal electrode is removed; Forming a solar cell multi-layered film including the active layer and the charge transport layer on the transparent electrode or the conductive charge transport layer; And forming a rear electrode on the active layer, wherein the arrangement of the structure formed on the substrate allows the light to reach the light collecting portion through reflection when the light is incident on a surface on which the solar cell is not formed .

The arrangement of the structures formed on the substrate may be a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) array having an array of structures formed of both curved surfaces having a parabolic cross section.

The complex parabolic condenser array may be a one-dimensional complex parabolic concentrator array in which structures formed of two curved surfaces having a parabolic cross section are connected in series to form a periodic one-dimensional array.

The step of applying the metal electrode on the substrate having the non-planar structure in which the pattern of the arrangement of the structures is formed may include coating the metal electrode on the array of the complex parabolic condenser using thermal deposition or a solution process.

The step of removing the metal electrode coated on the light collecting part to secure the transmittance of the light collecting part of the substrate on which the pattern is formed may remove the metal electrode of the light collecting part through taping or etching.

The step of forming the transparent electrode in the light collecting part from which the metal electrode is removed may include a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) (indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), etc.); Nanostructures based on various metals such as gold, silver and copper (metal nanowires, metal nano grid, etc.); Carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene, or the like may be utilized, and the transparent electrode may be applied so as to be in contact with the metal electrode on the applied parabolic surface.

The one-dimensional complex parabolic condenser array does not require high conductivity because the interval between the plurality of solar cells is used as a connection portion or a grid electrode and the transparent electrode of each cell transmits charge in the narrow condensing portion A conductive charge (electron and hole) transport layer may be formed instead of a transparent electrode.

According to embodiments, a solar cell is implemented on a substrate having a non-planar structure, and a lossless large-area photovoltaic generation system using a structure arrangement that minimizes optical loss of a large-area solar cell system by utilizing optical characteristics of the non- And a manufacturing method thereof can be provided.

In addition, according to the embodiments, since the solar cell is not realized in a section between the solar cells by the complex parabolic condenser composed of the arrangement of the structure, the space can be utilized as an electrode connecting the individual elements in parallel or in series A large-area, large-area photovoltaic power generation system using a structure array capable of realizing a large-area system without deterioration in electrical characteristics, and a manufacturing method thereof.

In addition, according to the embodiments, since the loss due to the bending is concentrated in the light collecting structure and is not applied to the solar cell active layer, a folded or bent It is possible to provide a lossless large-area photovoltaic generation system using a structure array in which performance is not degraded and a manufacturing method thereof.

FIG. 1 is a view for explaining an arrangement of a structure according to an embodiment.
2 is a diagram illustrating a lossless large area solar power generation system using a structure arrangement according to an embodiment.
3 is a view for explaining a flexible structure substrate of a lossless large area solar power generation system using a structure arrangement according to an embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a view for explaining an example of fabricating a module using oblique deposition on a complex parabolic-type concentrator pattern according to an embodiment.
5 is a view showing an example of a complex parabolic condenser according to an embodiment.
6 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a lossless large area solar power generation system using a structure arrangement according to an embodiment.
7 is a view for explaining a method of implementing a solar cell on a patterned substrate according to an embodiment.
FIGS. 8 and 9 are views for explaining an example of a method of implementing a grid electrode on a complex parabolic condenser (CPC) according to an embodiment.
10 and 11 are views for explaining another example of a method of implementing a grid electrode on a complex parabolic condenser (CPC) according to an embodiment.
12 and 13 are views for explaining another example of a method of implementing a grid electrode on a complex parabolic reflector (CPC) according to an embodiment.
FIG. 14 is a view for explaining a conventional planar solar cell system.
15 is a view for explaining a crack in a conventional planar solar cell system.
16 is a view for explaining the fabrication of a module of a conventional planar solar cell system.

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the embodiments described may be modified in various other forms, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the embodiments described below. In addition, various embodiments are provided to more fully describe the present invention to those skilled in the art. The shape and size of elements in the drawings may be exaggerated for clarity.

In the following embodiments, a solar cell is implemented on a structure array to reduce module loss and ensure excellent mechanical characteristics. Embodiments can provide a technique for implementing a solar cell on a substrate having a non-planar structure and minimizing optical loss in a large area solar cell system by utilizing optical characteristics of the non-planar structure.

In addition, according to the embodiments, since the solar cell is not realized in a section between the solar cells by the complex parabolic condenser composed of the arrangement of the structure, the space can be utilized as an electrode connecting the individual elements in parallel or in series , It is possible to realize a large-area system without deteriorating the period or electrical characteristics.

FIG. 1 is a view for explaining an arrangement of a structure according to an embodiment.

The lossless large area solar power generation system using the arrangement of the structure according to an embodiment realizes a solar cell on a substrate having a non-planar structure and minimizes the optical loss of the large area solar cell system by utilizing the optical characteristics of the non- .

As shown in FIG. 1, an example of a structure arrangement of a lossless large area solar power generation system 100 using a structure arrangement according to an embodiment uses a one-dimensional compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) arrangement . Such a structure arrangement may be composed of a complex parabolic condenser array such as two-dimensional or three-dimensional.

 Here, the complex parabolic condenser can be molded and molded from plastic, glass or the like. For example, the complex parabolic condenser may be a plastic molding having two curved surfaces whose one end is arranged in a one-dimensional array on the substrate 110, and a light condensing portion . Here, the condenser may be the substrate 110.

When the photovoltaic (PV) unit 130 is implemented in the light collecting unit having the light collecting power of C, the area of the solar cell 130 actually used is only 1 / The light incident on the parabolic surface that does not include the light reaches the light collecting portion through the reflection, and as a result, the light of all the regions can be absorbed by the solar cell 130.

A parabolic surface on which the solar cell 130 is not formed can be used as a connection unit for connecting unit elements in series. Here, if the period of the arrangement of the structure is micrometer unit, it can be used as a grid electrode by applying a metal.

If the refractive index of the inside of the concentrator is n, the allowable angle of incidence (θ _a ) and the one-dimensional convergence factor (C) are given by the following equations The same relation can be established.

[Formula 1]

C = n / sin (? _A / 2)

For example, when glass having a refractive index (n) of 1.5 in the condenser or a transparent plastic material is used and the allowable incident angle is set to 180 degrees, the light condensing magnification (C) can be 1.5. At this time, in the lossless large area solar power generation system 100 using the arrangement of the structure according to one embodiment, all the light can be transmitted to the solar cell 130 regardless of the incident direction of the sunlight.

Since the grid electrode or unit cell connection does not require a large area, the actual light collection magnification can be set to any value in the range of 1 <C <1.5, and the shape can be changed according to design purpose or process convenience.

Such a composite parabolic condenser array has excellent characteristics for achieving the object of the present embodiment, but various modifications such as reverse osmosis angles, lens arrays, and the like are possible.

2 is a diagram illustrating a lossless large area solar power generation system using a structure arrangement according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 2, a lossless large area solar power generation system 100 using a structure according to an exemplary embodiment may include a substrate 110 and a solar cell 130. The lossless large area solar power generation system 100 using the structure arrangement according to the embodiment may further include the rear electrode 140.

The substrate 110 may have a non-planar structure in which a pattern of the structure arrangement is formed.

The arrangement of the structure formed on the substrate 110 can protect the solar cell 130 composed of the thin film layer which is concentrated in the sand dunes in which the solar cell 130 is not implemented because the expansion or contraction force is weak.

The substrate 110 may be made of a flexible structure substrate having flexibility or stretchability. When manufacturing a lossless large area solar power generation system using a structure array using such a flexible structure substrate, the tensile force due to the bending is concentrated between the light collecting structures and is not applied to the solar cell active layer, .

The arrangement of the structures formed on the substrate 110 may be a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) arrangement comprising an array of structures formed of both curved surfaces having a parabolic cross section. In addition, the structure array formed on the substrate 110 can be modified in various forms such as an inverted triangular array, a lens array, and the like, in addition to a complex parabolic condenser.

Since the solar cell is not required on the parabolic surface of the complex parabolic condenser (CPC), this space can be utilized as an electrode connecting the individual elements in parallel or in series. Therefore, it is possible to realize a large-area system without deterioration in electrical characteristics or in a quadrant.

The complex parabolic concentrator array can freely adjust the acceptance angle range of light.

Furthermore, the complex parabolic concentrator array can be composed of a one-dimensional complex parabolic concentrator array in which structures formed of bilateral curved surfaces having a parabolic cross-section are connected in series to form a periodic one-dimensional array.

Here, the one-dimensional complex parabolic condenser array can use a parabolic surface in which the solar cell 130 is not formed, which is a section between the plurality of solar cells 130, as a connection portion in which the structure is connected in series. At this time, the structure may mean a unit element or a unit solar cell.

Also, the array of the one-dimensional complex parabolic condenser may have a period of arrangement of micrometers of the arrangement of the structure, and metal may be applied to use a section between the plurality of solar cells 130 as a grid electrode.

The one-dimensional complex parabolic condenser array does not require high conductivity because transparent electrodes of the individual cells transmit charges in a narrow light collecting portion using a section between the plurality of solar cells 130 as a connection portion or a grid electrode, A transparent electrode having low conductivity or a charge transport layer 120 having conductivity (particularly, more highly conductive than the transparent conductive electrode) may be formed. At this time, a conductive electron transporting layer or a conductive electron transporting layer 120 may be formed without a transparent electrode. In addition, a conductive electron transporting layer or a conductive hole transporting layer 120 may be formed by using a transparent electrode in a limited manner, for example, by forming a thin transparent electrode such as ITO.

The substrate 110 may be fabricated by oblique deposition on a structure array.

In addition, since the substrate 110 has a pattern of array structure, it is easy to distinguish between the individual elements, so that the solar cell module can be manufactured without a mask in the inclined deposition or thin film layer transfer process.

The solar cell 130 may be formed on the light collecting portion of the substrate 110 on which the pattern is formed.

The solar cell 130 is a thin film solar cell having a thickness of nanometer using at least one of organic, quantum-dot, perovskite, and amorphous silicon. And can be disposed on the flexible structure substrate.

Thus, a lossless large area solar power generation system using a structure array can be realized with a thin film solar cell, and a thin film solar cell can be obtained at low cost, light in weight, high module efficiency and flexibility.

The arrangement of the structure formed on the substrate 110 may allow the light to reach the light collecting part through reflection when incident on the surface on which the solar cell 130 is not formed.

The lossless large area solar power generation system 100 using the structure arrangement according to the embodiment may further include the back electrode 140 and the back electrode 140 may be formed on the upper side of the solar cell 130 .

According to the embodiments, all the light can be transmitted to the solar cell 130 regardless of the incident direction of light (solar light) in the lossless large area solar power generation system 100 using the structure arrangement. That is, the light incident on the parabolic surface where the solar cell 130 is not formed also reaches the light collecting portion through reflection, and as a result, light of all the regions can be absorbed by the solar cell 130.

Therefore, it is possible to minimize the optical loss of the large-area solar cell system composed of the structure array substrate and to have excellent flexibility and stretchability in addition to reducing the optical loss.

Hereinafter, a lossless large area solar power generation system using a structure arrangement according to an embodiment will be described in comparison with the conventional planar solar cell system of FIG.

FIG. 14 is a view for explaining a conventional planar solar cell system.

14, in the conventional planar solar cell system 10, the transparent electrode 12 is formed on the light collecting portion of the substrate 11, and the solar cell 13 is formed on the transparent electrode 12 . The back electrode 14 may be formed on the solar cell 13.

When a large area solar cell module is fabricated through the conventional planar solar cell system 10, death (d) occurs in the connection part in the process of connecting the unit cells in series, and the active layer (active) Absorbed light produces electricity, but the light absorbed in (d) does not produce electricity. Therefore, the module efficiency is significantly lower than the unit cell efficiency.

A lossless large area solar power system 100 using a structure arrangement according to one embodiment can be implemented with excellent flexibility and stretchability in addition to reducing light loss.

3 is a view for explaining a flexible structure substrate of a lossless large area solar power generation system using a structure arrangement according to an embodiment. Hereinafter, a lossless large-area photovoltaic power generation system using a structure according to an embodiment will be described in comparison with the conventional planar solar cell system of FIG.

As shown in FIG. 3, a flexible structure substrate may be applied to the lossless large area solar power generation system 100 using the structure arrangement according to one embodiment.

In the case of using the structure array substrate, the expansion and contraction force is concentrated among the sand dunes in which the solar cell 130 is not implemented, and the thin film layers relatively vulnerable to the external force can be protected.

More specifically, when a structure array substrate is used, a crack 150 may be generated between dunes in which the solar cell 130 is not implemented due to bending or the like due to expansion and contraction, etc. However, The solar cell 130 can have a property of being stronger than the material of the solar cell 130, such as bending. In particular, the substrate 110 may be a flexible substrate and may not be damaged, such as by bending.

Thin film solar cell with nanometer thickness using new materials such as organic, quantum-dot, perovskite and amorphous silicon can be fabricated on flexible substrate, .

Since a tensile force due to bending is concentrated and applied to the solar cell 130 by manufacturing a lossless large area solar power generation system using the arrangement of structures using the flexible substrate in this manner, Or bending does not degrade performance.

15 is a view for explaining cracks in a conventional planar solar cell system.

As shown in FIG. 15, when the substrate 11 is bent, a large amount of force is applied to the solar cell 13 and the transparent electrode to easily damage the cracks 15 and the like do. In the case of the first-generation and second-generation solar cells such as crystalline silicon, III-V group, CIGS, and CdTe, since the solar cell 13 itself uses the substrate 11 which is too thick or hard, flexibility is difficult to secure.

Therefore, the lossless large area solar power generation system 100 using the arrangement of the structure according to the embodiment can obtain higher flexibility and stretchability than the structure of the conventional planar solar cell system 10. Although the description of this embodiment is based on the assumption of a thin film solar cell, the same principle can be applied to conventional rigid first and second generation solar cells as well as a thin film solar cell. By implementing these on a flexible structure substrate, flexibility and stretchability .

In addition, the lossless large area solar power generation system 100 using the structure arrangement according to one embodiment can reduce the power loss due to the sheet resistance without the loss of light when the period of the arrangement of the structure is shortened, and the ITO (Indium Tin Oxide ) And the need for high cost transparent electrodes.

In the case of the conventional planar solar cell system 10, various transparent electrodes such as ITO or FTO such as an oxide compound or graphene, a metal nanostructure, and a metal thin film layer are used, which usually cause a rise in cost, There is a trade-off between &lt; / RTI &gt;

In the lossless large area solar power generation system 100 using the arrangement of the structure according to the embodiment, the interval between the solar cells 130 is used as a series connection portion or a grid electrode, so that the transparent electrode of the individual cell is formed only in the narrow light collecting portion It does not require high conductivity because charge is transferred.

That is, the lossless large area solar power generation system 100 using the structure arrangement according to an embodiment can minimize the use of the transparent electrode material and maximize the light transmittance through the trade-off control, The electron / hole transport layer 120 having no electrode can be substituted for its role. This not only has many advantages in terms of optical properties and cost, but also greatly reduces the difficulty in terms of process.

For example, in the case of ITO, a sputtering process is required to implement the ITO. Therefore, cost is incurred and the selection of the substrate is limited. However, if the ITO is replaced with a conductive electron / hole transport layer 120 alone, The degree of freedom can be greatly increased. This also increases the possibility of fabricating all the thin film layers on the substrate by the solution process.

FIG. 4 is a view for explaining an example of fabricating a module using oblique deposition on a complex parabolic-type concentrator pattern according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 4, a lossless large-area photovoltaic power generation system 100 using a structure arrangement according to an embodiment shows an example of fabricating a module using oblique deposition in a complex parabolic concave pattern.

Since the substrate 110 itself has already been patterned, the lossless large-area solar power generation system 100 using the array of structures can easily distinguish between the individual elements, and can easily perform various processes such as warp deposition or thin- .

The structure of the substrate 110 in the lossless large-area photovoltaic power generation system 100 using the structure array has many advantages in patterning the module.

Meanwhile, FIG. 16 is a view for explaining the manufacture of a module of a conventional planar solar cell system.

As shown in Fig. 16, in the case of a planar module, a conventional planar solar cell system 10 generally uses a mask 21 to separate and connect the individual elements in series, which involves an error possibility and an increase in cost. In order to reduce the use of the mask 21, a method such as oblique evaporation (Non-Patent Document 1) has been proposed. However, a separate block layer for separating individual elements is also required.

In the case of introducing a complex parabolic concentrator into a lossless large area solar power generation system 100 using a structure arrangement according to an exemplary embodiment and increasing the condensing power, it is possible to take advantage of the inherent role and advantages of the concentrator.

First, an increase in the light-condensing power increases the current density per unit active layer area, which is accompanied by an increase in the open-circuit voltage (Voc) from the driving principle of the solar cell 130. That is, the same amount of current can be produced at higher voltages, resulting in increased power production.

Particularly, such characteristics are advantageous as the amount of light incident on the module is small, and when electricity is produced by using the room lighting or the time when the light amount is low, the conventional planar solar cell system 10 has a small amount of current, The low voltage characteristics due to the photocurrent density appear, and the efficiency decreases sharply.

On the other hand, when the light-converging structure is utilized, the decrease of the open-circuit voltage can be minimized while maintaining a relatively high photocurrent density per unit active layer area even at a low light amount. In addition, the amount of the solar cell active material used in the concentrator array can be reduced and the cost can be saved according to the process.

The lossless large area solar power generation system 100 using the structure arrangement according to one embodiment can be utilized for the purpose of obtaining a light trapping effect. By introducing an optical structure such as V-curvature texturing (Non-Patent Document 2) on the upper surface of the structure array to induce light scattering and to create a synergy with the structure on the lower surface, .

This is similar to the VCPT structure (Non-Patent Document 3), but unlike the existing techniques in which an optical film is separately attached to the surface of a planar solar cell substrate, a lossless large- 110 may themselves be designed to have an optical effect.

5 is a view showing an example of a complex parabolic condenser according to an embodiment.

The substrate 110 on which the pattern is formed can be manufactured by injecting plastic through a metal mold, and various other processing methods can be utilized.

Referring to FIG. 5A, a cross section of a composite parabolic condenser array mold having a period of 500 μm can be confirmed.

 Referring to FIG. 5B, a flexible film may be prepared by pouring and curing liquid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) into a mold of a composite parabolic condenser array mold.

Referring to FIG. 5C, there is shown an example of a composite parabolic concentrator having a fabricated period of 3 mm.

Thus, a complex parabolic condenser can be made in various sizes, various materials, and various methods.

In the following, a method of implementing a solar cell on a patterned substrate will be described. That is, an example of a method for manufacturing a lossless large area solar power generation system using a structure array will be described. The following embodiment is a process considering the characteristics of each layer with respect to the structure of a specific solar cell, and the detailed method may vary depending on the structure of the desired solar cell, so the present invention is not limited thereto.

6 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a lossless large area solar power generation system using a structure arrangement according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 6, a method for fabricating a lossless large area solar power generation system using a structure arrangement according to an embodiment includes a step 610 of applying a metal electrode on a substrate having a non-planar structure in which a pattern of a structure arrangement is formed, A step 620 of removing the metal electrode applied to the light collecting part to secure the transmittance of the light collecting part of the substrate on which the metal electrode is formed, a step 620 of applying a conductive electron transporting layer or a conductive organic transporting layer to the light collecting part from which the metal electrode is removed A step 640 of forming a solar cell on top of a coated conductive or electronically transportable layer 630, and a step 650 of forming a backside electrode on top of the solar cell, The arrangement of the structure allows the light to reach the light collecting portion through reflection when incident on a surface where the solar cell is not formed.

According to the embodiments, since the solar cell is not implemented in a section between the solar cells by the complex parabolic condenser composed of the arrangement of the structure, the space can be utilized as an electrode connecting the individual elements in parallel or in series, It is possible to implement a large-area system without deteriorating the section or electrical characteristics.

In addition, according to the embodiments, since the loss due to the bending is concentrated in the light collecting structure and is not applied to the solar cell active layer, a folded or bent Performance does not deteriorate.

Each step will be described in more detail below. In this case, the lossless large-area solar power generation system using the arrangement of structures manufactured by the method of manufacturing a lossless large-area solar power generation system using the arrangement of the structure according to one embodiment includes the structure according to one embodiment shown in Figs. 1 to 5 Can be a lossless large-area PV system using an array. However, the manufacturing method of the lossless large-area photovoltaic power generation system using the structure arrangement according to one embodiment is not limited thereto.

1 to 5, a lossless large area solar power generation system 100 using a structure arrangement according to an exemplary embodiment may include a substrate 110 and a solar cell 130. The lossless large area solar power generation system 100 using the structure arrangement according to the embodiment may further include the rear electrode 140. In addition, a transparent electrode may be formed, or a conductive electron-transporting layer or a conductive electron-transporting layer may be formed instead of the transparent electrode.

In step 610, a metal electrode may be applied on a substrate having a non-planar structure in which a pattern of the structure arrangement is formed. At this time, the metal electrode can be coated on the complex parabolic condenser array by thermal evaporation or solution process. The metal electrode may be silver (Ag) or the like.

In step 620, the metal electrode applied to the light collecting portion may be removed to secure the transmittance of the light collecting portion of the substrate on which the pattern is formed, and the metal electrode of the light collecting portion may be removed by, for example, taping or etching. have.

In step 630, a conductive electron-transporting layer or a conductive electron-transporting layer may be applied to the light-collecting portion from which the metal electrode has been removed.

On the other hand, the one-dimensional complex parabolic condenser array uses a section between a plurality of solar cells as a connection portion or a grid electrode, and since the transparent electrode of each cell transmits charge in a narrow light collecting portion, high conductivity is not required, A conductive electron transporting layer or a conductive electron transporting layer may be formed.

Thus, the conductive electron transport layer or the conductive hole transport layer may replace the transparent electrode in the light collecting portion and may be coated with a conductive electron transport layer or a conductive electron transport layer so as to be in contact with the metal electrode of the applied parabolic surface.

In step 640, a solar cell may be constructed on top of the applied conductive or electronically transportable layer.

At step 650, a back electrode can be constructed on top of the solar cell.

Here, the arrangement of the structure formed on the substrate can allow the light to reach the light collecting portion through reflection when incident on the surface on which the solar cell is not formed.

The arrangement of the structures formed on the substrate may be a complex parabolic concentrator array comprising an array of structures formed of both curved surfaces having a parabolic cross section.

Furthermore, the complex parabolic concentrator array can be composed of a one-dimensional complex parabolic concentrator array in which structures formed of bilateral curved surfaces having a parabolic cross-section are connected in series to form a periodic one-dimensional array.

Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing a lossless large area solar power generation system using a structure arrangement according to an embodiment will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

7 is a view for explaining a method of implementing a solar cell on a patterned substrate according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 7, an organic solar cell, which is one of the thin film solar cells, is used as an example. At this time, the following embodiment is a process considering the characteristics of each layer with respect to the structure of a specific solar cell, and the detailed method may vary depending on the structure of a desired solar cell.

First, as shown in FIG. 7A, the metal electrode 720 can be sufficiently thickly coated on the complex parabolic condenser array 710. At this time, the metal electrode 720 may be applied on the complex parabolic condenser array 710 by thermal evaporation or solution process.

Then, as shown in FIG. 7B, the metal electrode 720 of the light collecting portion can be removed to ensure the transparency of the light collecting portion. At this time, a method such as taping or etching can be used to remove the metal electrode 720 of the light collecting portion.

7C, a conductive electron transporting layer or a conductive hole transporting layer 730 can be applied. This can replace the role of a transparent electrode in the light collecting part and make it possible to make contact with the metal electrode 720 layer on the parabolic surface.

Next, as shown in FIG. 7D, the solar cell 740 and the hole / electron transport layer 750 may be successively applied. These can be implemented only in the concentrator or in the whole paraboloid.

Finally, as shown in FIG. 7E, the rear electrode 760 can be mounted on the light collecting portion side.

This process includes all the unit processes used in conventional solar cell fabrication processes such as thermal deposition, spin-coating, slot-die coating, and spray coating, thin-film deposition and spontaneous expansion spreading (Non-Patent Document 4) can be utilized. In particular, spontaneous spreading is useful because the film can be formed entirely along the shape of a structure such as a curved surface.

A method of implementing a grid electrode on a complex parabolic condenser (CPC) will be described.

Ag can be coated on the entire surface of the complex parabolic reflector (CPC), and silver (Ag) on the light collecting part can be removed. Examples of the method of coating on the entire surface include the following methods. Here, silver (Ag) is described as an example, but any conductive material may be used as an electrode even if it is not silver (Ag). Therefore, it can be expressed as a metal electrode instead of silver (Ag).

A method for implementing a grid electrode on a complex parabolic condenser (CPC) will be described as an example.

1) The electrodes can be coated by thermal evaporation. An Ag ink or a Ag paste can be applied to the entire surface by a solution process or silver can be applied to the entire surface by vacuum deposition. This is a relatively easy method.

2) can apply Ag nano wires to the entire surface by a solution process (spraying, spin coating, drop casting, etc.).

When the electrode is applied by spin coating, only a small area is possible and the coating on the structure may not be good. In case of coating by spray or slat die, it can be used for the conventional large area process, and also for realizing the electrode on the structure.

3) The already made silver (Ag) film can be applied by floating. An electrode coated on a separate substrate is floated on the water and transferred to the electrode. In addition, the electrode can be directly placed on the structure pattern together with the already formed solar cell layer.

It is also possible to apply a silver (Ag) film to a composite parabolic condenser (CPC) mold, then pour the plastic and cure it, or add a liquid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) A sticky plastic composite parabolic condenser (CPC) can be stamped and transferred.

4) The method using spontaneous spreading (SS) is a method as disclosed in Jonghyeon Noh et al., Nature Communications, 7, 12374 (2016). It is experimentally found that the active layer is uniformly raised on the structure Recently confirmed.

A method for implementing a grid electrode on a complex parabolic condenser (CPC) is to apply a silver ink or a silver paste to the entire surface by a solution process, Silver (Ag) can be applied to the entire surface by vapor deposition. In addition, silver nanowires may be applied to the entire surface by a solution process (spraying, spin coating, drop casting, etc.), or an already prepared silver (Ag) floating. It is also possible to apply a silver (Ag) film to a composite parabolic condenser (CPC) mold, then pour the plastic and cure it, or add a liquid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) A sticky plastic composite parabolic condenser (CPC) can be stamped and transferred.

FIGS. 8 and 9 are views for explaining an example of a method of implementing a grid electrode on a complex parabolic condenser (CPC) according to an embodiment.

8 and 9, a silver (Ag) 830 or P3HT: PCBM active layer is coated on a glass 810 in advance on a PSS 820 that is well soluble in water W, The PSS 820 melts and the layers above it float in the water.

It can be confirmed that silver (Ag) 830 is coated on the entire surface of the substrate 840 when the silver (Ag) 830 film is taken out of the water W by the complex parabolic condenser (CPC). In the case of the curved surface of the substrate 840, silver (Ag) is floating rather than covering well. Here, there is no problem in transcription regardless of whether only silver (Ag) exists or silver (Ag) + P3HT: PCBM exists.

According to this method, it is convenient to implement all layers of the solar cell in a plane, and finally transfer it to a complex parabolic condenser (CPC).

10 and 11 are views for explaining another example of a method of implementing a grid electrode on a complex parabolic condenser (CPC) according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIGS. 10 and 11, a grid electrode may be formed on a complex parabolic condenser (CPC), followed by floating and transferring to a Teflon 1050, and then reprinting. It is very difficult to raise the film on the Teflon 1050, and even if the Teflon 1050 is adhered to the end of the slide glass 1010 to remove it out of the water W, it is not uniform.

On the other hand, it is very easy to stick a film on the Teflon (1050) with a composite parabolic condenser (CPC) so that it can stick to only the neighborhood. The patterning is impossible and the film is formed in a floating state on the front surface. Teflon (1050) is already wrinkled from above and is not clean. The Teflon 1050 surface itself is already rough and is not a good method for thin film transfer.

12 and 13 are views for explaining another example of a method of implementing a grid electrode on a complex parabolic reflector (CPC) according to an embodiment.

12 and 13, a spontaneous diffusion (SS) 1210 is performed as a method of implementing a grid electrode on a complex parabolic concentrator (CPC) through a spontaneous spreading (SS) The active film is formed very cleanly on the composite parabolic condenser (CPC). There is no problem when the above-described processes 1 and 2 are carried out in addition to the active complex-type parabolic condenser (CPC).

It can be seen that the active layer is most conformal among the proposed methods. There is a problem in that the surface of Teflon is rough, but the warrior is not good because of the rough surface of Teflon. In addition, it does not go well with glass as a complex parabolic concentrator (CPC).

As described above, according to the embodiments, a thin film solar cell can be implemented on a light collecting surface of a one-dimensional complex parabolic condenser (CPC) array. Since the solar cell is not required on the parabolic surface of the complex parabolic condenser (CPC), this space can be utilized as an electrode connecting the individual elements in parallel or in series. Therefore, it is possible to realize a large-area system without deterioration in electrical characteristics or in a quadrant.

In addition, according to the embodiments, since the loss due to the bending is concentrated in the light collecting structure and is not applied to the solar cell active layer, a folded or bent Performance does not deteriorate.

According to the embodiments, a lossless large-area solar power generation system using a structure array can be realized as a thin film solar cell, and a thin film solar cell is cheap and light in weight and has high module efficiency and flexibility It can be applied to most fields that require energy harvesting in everyday life, such as mobile phone charger and military equipment. It is also suitable for installation on the outer wall of the building or on the ceiling of a car because the color is various and the appearance is beautiful.

Thus, the embodiments are innovative technologies that can achieve both high efficiency and high flexibility in manufacturing solar cell modules.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. For example, it is to be understood that the techniques described may be performed in a different order than the described methods, and / or that components of the described systems, structures, devices, circuits, Lt; / RTI &gt; or equivalents, even if it is replaced or replaced.

Therefore, other implementations, other embodiments, and equivalents to the claims are also within the scope of the following claims.

Claims (20)

A substrate having a non-planar structure in which a pattern of a structure array is formed;
A solar cell formed on a light collecting portion of the substrate on which the pattern is formed; And
A rear electrode formed on the upper side of the solar cell,
/ RTI &gt;
The substrate is made of a flexible structure substrate having flexibility or stretchability and a metal electrode is formed on the structure of the substrate in order to secure the transparency of the light collecting portion of a predetermined width formed on one surface of the structure of the substrate A transparent electrode or a conductive charge transport layer is applied to the light collecting part from which the metal electrode is removed so that the metal electrode of the light collecting part is removed and the metal electrode remaining on the structure of the substrate is removed,
The solar cell is made of a thin film solar cell and can be disposed on the transparent electrode or the conductive charge transport layer coated on the flexible structure substrate,
Wherein the array of structures formed on the substrate comprises:
A plurality of solar cells are connected in series to form a periodic one-dimensional array, and a connection part for connecting structures in series or a grid electrode to which the metal electrode is applied, The charge is transferred by the transparent electrode or the conductive charge transport layer touching the metal electrode formed on the light collecting portion and the period of the arrangement of the structure is controlled within a predetermined size for limited use of the transparent electrode, A transparent electrode and a conductive charge transport layer are coated to protect the solar cell made of a thin film layer which is concentrated between dyes in which the solar cell is not realized when the expansion or contraction force acts, , Light is incident on the surface on which the solar cell is not formed When used through the reflection to reach to the light condensing portion
Lossless large area photovoltaic generation system using a structure array characterized by. delete The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the array of structures formed on the substrate comprises:
Is a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) array consisting of an array of structures formed of two curved surfaces with a parabolic cross-section
Lossless large area photovoltaic generation system using a structure array characterized by. The method of claim 3,
The composite parabolic concentrator arrangement may be configured such that,
A one-dimensional complex parabolic concentrator arrangement in which structures formed of two curved surfaces with a parabolic cross-section are connected in series to form a periodic one-dimensional array
Lossless large area photovoltaic generation system using a structure array characterized by. 5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein the one-dimensional complex parabolic concentrator arrangement comprises:
A parabolic surface in which a solar cell is not constituted, which is a section between a plurality of the solar cells, is used as a connection portion in which a structure is connected in series
Lossless large area photovoltaic generation system using a structure array characterized by. 5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein the one-dimensional complex parabolic concentrator arrangement comprises:
The period of the arrangement of the structures is in the form of micrometers and the metal is applied so that the interval between the plurality of solar cells is used as a grid electrode
Lossless large area photovoltaic generation system using a structure array characterized by. delete The method of claim 3,
The composite parabolic concentrator arrangement may be configured such that,
The range of acceptable angle of light is freely adjustable
Lossless large area photovoltaic generation system using a structure array characterized by. delete The method according to claim 1,
In the solar cell,
Film solar cell using a material of at least one of organic, quantum-dot, perovskite, and amorphous silicon, Capable of being placed on top of
Lossless large area photovoltaic generation system using a structure array characterized by. delete The method according to claim 1,
Wherein:
A solar cell module is fabricated through oblique deposition on the array of the structures
Lossless large area photovoltaic generation system using a structure array characterized by. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein:
A solar cell module is manufactured without a mask in the case of oblique deposition or thin film layer transfer process because the pattern of the array of structures is formed and the individual devices can be easily distinguished from each other
Lossless large area photovoltaic generation system using a structure array characterized by. Applying a metal electrode on a substrate having a non-planar structure in which a pattern of a structure array is formed;
Removing the metal electrode applied to the light-collecting portion to secure transparency of a light-collecting portion having a predetermined width formed on one surface of the structure of the substrate on which the pattern is formed;
Applying a transparent electrode or a conductive charge transport layer to the light collecting portion from which the metal electrode is removed so as to be in contact with the metal electrode remaining on the structure of the substrate;
Forming a solar cell on the applied conductive charge transport layer; And
Forming a rear electrode on the solar cell;
Lt; / RTI &gt;
The substrate is made of a flexible structure substrate having flexibility or stretchability,
The solar cell is made of a thin film solar cell and can be disposed on the transparent electrode or the conductive charge transport layer coated on the flexible structure substrate,
Wherein the array of structures formed on the substrate comprises:
A plurality of solar cells are connected in series to form a periodic one-dimensional array, and a connection part for connecting structures in series or a grid electrode to which the metal electrode is applied, The charge is transferred through the transparent electrode or the conductive charge transport layer touching the metal electrode formed on the light collecting portion and the period of the arrangement of the structure is controlled within a predetermined size for limited use of the transparent electrode, A transparent electrode and a conductive charge transport layer are coated to protect the solar cell made of a thin film layer which is concentrated between dyes in which the solar cell is not realized when the expansion or contraction force acts, , Light is incident on the surface on which the solar cell is not formed When used through the reflection to reach to the light condensing portion
The method comprising the steps of: (a) 15. The method of claim 14,
Wherein the array of structures formed on the substrate comprises:
Is a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) array consisting of an array of structures formed of two curved surfaces with a parabolic cross-section
The method comprising the steps of: (a) 16. The method of claim 15,
The composite parabolic concentrator arrangement may be configured such that,
A one-dimensional complex parabolic concentrator arrangement in which structures formed of two curved surfaces with a parabolic cross-section are connected in series to form a periodic one-dimensional array
The method comprising the steps of: (a) 16. The method of claim 15,
Wherein the step of applying the metal electrode on the substrate having the non-planar structure in which the pattern of the structure arrangement is formed comprises:
Wherein a metal electrode is applied on the complex parabolic condenser array by thermal deposition or a solution process. 15. The method of claim 14,
The step of removing the metal electrode applied to the light collecting part to secure the transmittance of the light collecting part of the substrate on which the pattern is formed,
Removing the metal electrode of the light collecting portion through a taping or etching method
The method comprising the steps of: (a) delete 15. The method of claim 14,
Wherein the step of applying a conductive charge transport layer to the light collecting portion from which the metal electrode is removed comprises:
A conductive electron transporting layer or a conductive hole transporting layer replaces the role of a transparent electrode in the light collecting portion and is coated with the conductive electron transporting layer or conductive conductive transporting layer so as to be in contact with the metal electrode of the applied parabola
The method comprising the steps of: (a)

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