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CN1190711A - 用于燃料喷射器的带有一球阀的电磁计量阀 - Google Patents

用于燃料喷射器的带有一球阀的电磁计量阀 Download PDF

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CN1190711A
CN1190711A CN97126443A CN97126443A CN1190711A CN 1190711 A CN1190711 A CN 1190711A CN 97126443 A CN97126443 A CN 97126443A CN 97126443 A CN97126443 A CN 97126443A CN 1190711 A CN1190711 A CN 1190711A
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ball
metering valve
rod
diameter
armature
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CN1091496C (zh
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马里奥·里科
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Elasis Sistema Ricerca Fiat nel Mezzogiorno SCpA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F02M63/0017—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using electromagnetic operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F02M63/0017—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M63/0021—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using electromagnetic operating means characterised by the arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M63/0022—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using electromagnetic operating means characterised by the arrangement of mobile armatures the armature and the valve being allowed to move relatively to each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0033—Lift valves, i.e. having a valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat
    • F02M63/0036—Lift valves, i.e. having a valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat with spherical or partly spherical shaped valve member ends
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0205—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively for cutting-out pumps or injectors in case of abnormal operation of the engine or the injection apparatus, e.g. over-speed, break-down of fuel pumps or injectors ; for cutting-out pumps for stopping the engine
    • F02M63/022—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively for cutting-out pumps or injectors in case of abnormal operation of the engine or the injection apparatus, e.g. over-speed, break-down of fuel pumps or injectors ; for cutting-out pumps for stopping the engine by acting on fuel control mechanism
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2547/00—Special features for fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M2547/003—Valve inserts containing control chamber and valve piston

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种计量阀,包括有一球阀,用于一排放导管之上的锥形座;和一电磁铁,用于控制一衔铁;衔铁的杆具有一凸缘并由一固定套筒导向,并由一弹簧顶推以保持球体与锥形座相接触;在凸缘与球体之间设置一退耦接头,其形式为带有一接合凸缘的平面和接合球体以使锥形座上的球体对中的球形凹面;凹面的直径略大于球体的直径以减少凹面与球体的相互接合面间的压力。

Description

用于燃料喷射器的 带有一球阀的 电磁计量阀
本发明涉及一种用于燃油喷射器尤其是用于内燃机的带有一球阀的改进的电磁计量阀。
燃料喷射器的计量阀一般包括一带有一排放导管的控制室，该排放导管一般由一非常硬的球体关闭。在公知的计量阀中，通常由一弹簧使球体保持在排放导管座内的关闭位置，并且当一控制电磁铁被激励时，衔铁解除弹簧对球体的作用以打开导管。由于控制室内燃料的高压，因此需要一非常强的弹簧关闭该阀。
在公知的阀中，衔铁被连接到一杆上，该杆由弹簧直接压在球阀上，从而使杆与球体之间的接触基本为点接触。这就导致球体与杆之间的很大的压力，并且由于球体是由比杆更坚硬的材料制成，从而在杆上发生变形或产生磨痕这就影响了球体的行程。
众所周知，球体的行程从而电磁铁的衔铁的行程是决定喷入发动机燃料量的一个主要参数。也就是说，在一给定时间内电磁铁被激励，并且对于一个给定的供给压力，球体行程的增加对应于阀门开启与关闭时间的延长，从而喷射的燃料量的增加。
此外，衔铁与球体间的传动机构的制造过程中不可避免的公差使衔铁、杆与球座的轴线很难完全对中，从而公知的阀在相对阀座沿精确轴向方向作用于球上面即在消除杆作用于球上横向分力方面存在有问题。此外，为确保阀的有效密封，衔铁的作用表面必须完全平行于球体的支持面。
上述类型的计量阀是公知的，其中阀座为锥形，以避免球体与锐边接触；还有人提出了一种计量阀，其中杆包括一包容球体的球形凹面。而这种凹面不允许球体的侧向移动，从而由于阀组件不可避免的装配公差，在球体发生未对准促动时，球体不能自动对中。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种简单可靠的上述类型的计量阀，通过在最高压力条件下保证阀的密封性能与可靠恒定的喷射器运作来消除已有装置的上述缺陷。
根据本发明，提供了一种带有一球阀的电磁计量阀，包括有一作用在一锥形座上以关闭喷射器控制室的排放导管的球体；一个用于驱动一衔铁以控制一圆柱形杆的电磁铁，圆柱形杆与所述锥形座同轴并通常受弹性推压以将所述球保持在抵靠所述锥形座的关闭位置上；所说杆由一也与所说锥形座同轴的导向套筒导向；一退耦接头设置于所说杆与所说球体之间以将所说杆的作用传给与所说锥形座同轴的所说球体，并减少由于所说球体磨损而引起的所述衔铁行程可能发生的变化。
具体地说，该退耦接头包括一板，其上有一与所述杆接合的平面和一背对所说平面并与球体接合的球形凹面；所说的凹面使球体在锥形座上对中，并保证阀的最佳密封。比较好的情形是，凹面的直径略大于球体直径以减少凹面与球体相互接合表面之间的压力。
下面结合附图对本发明的最佳、非限制性实施例通过实例作出说明，其中：
图1为根据本发明以一计量阀为特征的燃油喷射器的局部剖视图；
图2为图1中喷射器的计量阀的放大剖视图；
图3为图2的局部放大剖视图。
图1中数字5表示一例如用于柴油内燃机的燃油喷射器，包括一连接到一喷嘴9上的中空的壳体6，喷嘴9的末端有一个或多个喷嘴11；一控制杆8在壳体6内部滑动，并由一接头10连接到一用于关闭喷嘴11的杆12上。
壳体6包括一输送管13，其中插装有一入口接头16，该接头16连接到一普通的燃料供给泵上，输送管本身包括一孔14(图2)，其通过导管17、18和21(图1)与喷嘴9的注射室19连通；杆12包括一台肩22，腔室19内的受压燃料作用在该台肩22上；一压缩弹簧23协助向下顶推杆12。
喷射器5还包括一计量阀，整体由24表示，计量阀包括一电磁铁26，用于控制衔铁27；电磁铁26包括一环形的磁芯28，其轴为30，该磁芯将一普通的导电线圈29包在其中，磁芯还有一轴向孔31与一排放接头32连通，排放接头32连接到燃料箱上。
计量阀24还包括一与轴30同轴的壳体33，壳体有一凸缘34由一环形螺母36通过一放在其间的校准垫圈35(图3)装配到壳体6上，如后面的详细说明；衔铁27与轴30同轴，并包括一与套筒40形成一体的圆盘38，圆盘有一个或多个槽39，通过槽39使形成于壳体6上的排放室37与磁芯28的中心孔31连通；圆盘38包括一有效面45，正对磁芯28并垂直于轴30。
阀24的壳体33还包括一轴向控制室41，轴向控制室41又包括一径向校准入口导管42(图2)与孔14连通，以及一校准排放导管43与轴30同轴并与排放室37连通。控制室41的底部由杆8的顶面形成；且由于杆8顶面与台肩22(图1)的表面相比面积较大，燃料的压力同时在弹簧23的协助下，使杆8一般保持在关闭喷嘴9的喷嘴11的位置上。
控制室41的排放导管43通常由一球式阀(shutter)44关闭，球阀44由很坚硬的材料制成，例如碳化钨，球阀坐靠于与导管43同轴的壳体33的锥形座46(图3)上，并由带槽的圆柱形杆47(图2)控制，该槽内装有一C形环49，圆盘38由一弹簧50推靠于其上，从而使衔铁27移开杆47。
杆47的一给定长度伸入孔31内，并以一小直径部分51结尾，该小直径部分51用于支承并固定装在孔31内的第一压缩弹簧52；杆47在与轴30同轴的固定套筒53内滑动，该套筒与一底部凸缘54(图2)形成一体，凸缘54包括有轴向孔56；在底部，杆47还包括一整体凸缘57，凸缘57垂直于轴30并停靠在凸缘54的底面上。
环形螺母36迫使凸缘54顶靠在校准垫圈35上，垫圈35作用在壳体33之凸缘34的平面55上；凸缘34又支承在喷射器之壳体6的台肩上；环形螺母36带有外螺纹，并拧入排放室37(图1)的螺纹上。具体地说，选择垫圈35从而确定杆47的所需行程h；杆47的凸缘57配装在旋流室58内，旋流室58通过孔56与排放室37连通。
壳体6、磁芯28、垫圈35、凸缘54、套筒53、杆47、套筒48与衔铁27在装配中不可避免的制造公差会使衔铁27、杆47与锥形座46的轴线完全对中是极为困难的。而且，如果杆直接作用于球体44上，那么就会在凸缘54与球体44之间产生点接触，球体44的硬度将会导致凸缘54的快速变形并在凸缘54上形成磨痕。
另外，甚至上述各轴线的微小的不对中都将使球体44在弹簧52的作用下受到一横向的分力，这样就会阻止球体44完全接触座46，从而破坏了阀24的运作并使座46迅速变形。
根据本发明，为消除上述缺陷，一整体由62表示的退耦接头(decouplingjoint)设置于杆47的凸缘57与球体44之间，以使凸缘57与球体44分开，从而引导球体44使之相对座46之轴线对心；该接头62包括一圆板63(图3)，板63有一平面64以及背对平面64的球形凹面66。
具体地说，平面64接合杆47的凸缘57，并允许板63相对杆47轴线有一定的横向移动；而凹面66接合球体44并保证杆47的作用力沿锥形座46的轴线对中，从而使衔铁27、杆47和阀24的壳体33的轴线的不可避免偏差以及衔铁27圆盘38的表面45(图1)与壳体33表面55(图2)之间平行度的任何不足得到补偿。
凹面66(图3)的直径D略大于球体44的直径d，以减少凹面66与球体44的相互接合面之间的压力；而且凹面66有一拱高F，用以当衔铁27(图1)被磁芯28吸引时防止球体44的移开。
具体地说，球体44的直径d与凹面66的直径D间的比率d/D可在92/100至98/100范围内，而拱高F介于球体44直径d的8/10至9/10之间。比较好的情形是，在导管43的直径为0.25mm时，球体44的直径d约为1.35mm，凹面66的直径D约为1.40mm，拱高F约为1.00mm。
而且，锥形座46的顶角α介于110度至120度之间；为防止板63的周边67与锥形座46表面间的干涉，壳体33的上表面25包括一空腔68，该空腔68可由顶角大于座46顶角α的截锥形面构成。
喷射器5的计量阀24运作如下。
当线圈29被激励时(图1)，磁芯28吸引衔铁27的圆盘38，圆盘通过环49必然将杆47相对弹簧52向上提起；杆47的凸缘57在腔室58内产生涡流，以缓冲凸缘57在固定凸缘54上的贴靠；腔室41内的燃料压力于是移动球体44至打开位置，以将燃料从腔室41排回燃料箱；腔室19内的燃料压力克服杆8上表面的残余压力以举升杆21并通过喷嘴11将腔室19内的燃料喷出。
当线圈29被断开时，弹簧52将杆47向下顶推，从而通过环49将衔铁27拉下；杆47的动能也被凸缘57在腔室58内的燃料中产生的涡流部分消耗；借助于由于直径D和d的不同而形成的间隙，与球体44配接的板63之凹面66(图3)的表面使球体44能够始终相对阀24的锥形座46对中；因此，球体44关闭排放导管43；受压燃料恢复控制室41内的压力，以使杆12(图1)关闭喷嘴11。
另外，借助于球体44与凹面66(图3)间的接触产生于直径略有不同的两球形表面之间，减少所说各表面上的压力，从而防止了划痕的形成并从而衔铁27行程h的变化，从而就喷射的燃料量而言，保证了长期的一致性。
与公知的阀相比，本发明计量阀24的优点可以从以上的说明中清楚地看到。尤其是，板63一方面相对锥形座46导引球体44并使之对中，另一方面改善了阀24的稳定性。
很清楚，在不脱离本发明的范围内，可对本说明与图示的计量阀作出变化。例如，衔铁27可以与杆47形成一体；杆47不一定必然包括凸缘57；板63的形状和大小可以与上述的不同。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于燃料喷射器的带有球阀的电磁计量阀，包括一球体(44)，作用于一锥形座(46)上以关闭喷射器控制室(41)的排放导管(43)；和一电磁铁(26)，用于驱动衔铁(27)以控制一与所说锥形座(46)同轴并且一般被弹性推动以将所述球体(44)保持于抵靠所述锥形座(46)的关闭位置上的圆柱形杆(47)；所说杆(47)由一也与所说锥形座(46)同轴的导向套筒(53)导引；其特征在于：一退耦接头(62)设置于所说杆(47)与所说球体(44)之间，以将所说杆(47)的作用传给与所说锥形座(46)同轴的所说球体(44)，并减少由于所说球体(44)的磨损而引起的所说衔铁(27)行程发生的变化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电磁计量阀，其特征在于，所说退耦接头(62)包括一板(63)，具有一与所说杆(47)接合的平面(64)，和一背对所说平面(64)并与所说球体(44)接合的球形凹面(66)；所说凹面(66)将所述球体(44)对中在所述锥形座(46)上，并确保阀的最佳密封。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电磁计量阀，其特征在于，所说凹面(66)的直径(D)略大于所说球体(44)的直径(d)，以减少所说凹面(66)与所说球体(44)的相互接合面间的压力。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电磁计量阀，其特征在于，所说球体(44)的直径(d)与所说凹面(66)的直径(D)间的比率(d/D)介于92/100和98/100之间；所说球体(44)的硬度大于所说板(63)的硬度。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电磁计量阀，其特征在于，所说锥形座(46)的顶角在110度和120度之间。
6.根据上述权利要求任一项所述的电磁计量阀，其特征在于，所说衔铁(27)是与所说杆(47)同轴的圆盘体(38)；所说圆盘体(38)与一在所说杆(47)上相对一弹簧(50)滑动的套筒(40)形成一体；所说杆(47)和一与所说板(63)的所说平面(64)相接合的凸缘(57)形成一体。
CN97126443A 1996-12-23 1997-12-23 用于燃料喷射器的带有一球阀的电磁计量阀 Expired - Lifetime CN1091496C (zh)

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US5984264A (en) 1999-11-16
IT1289795B1 (it) 1998-10-16
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KR100531745B1 (ko) 2006-03-14
ITTO961075A1 (it) 1998-06-23
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KR19980064483A (ko) 1998-10-07
DE69711831D1 (de) 2002-05-16

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