CN118814288A - A multifunctional colored silk processing device, method and application - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multifunctional colored silk processing device, method and application. The device comprises a first material feeding mechanism and a second material feeding mechanism. The first material feeding mechanism is connected with a cortex screw extrusion mechanism for forming a fiber cortex through a cortex melt feeding mechanism. The second material feeding mechanism is connected with a core screw extrusion mechanism for forming a fiber core through a core melt feeding mechanism. The outlet ends of the cortex screw extrusion mechanism and the core screw extrusion mechanism are respectively provided with a spinneret mechanism. An upper auxiliary agent mechanism, a traction pre-stretching mechanism, a stretching mechanism and a winding and collecting mechanism are sequentially provided below the two spinnerets. A discharge device is provided on one side of the stretching mechanism. The obtained colored silk is a skin-core composite structure. Through process coordination, fibers with piezoelectric effect, tensile effect, flame retardant function, filtering function and high shear resistance can be produced. The appearance is bright and colorful, the functions are diverse, and the fibers are environmentally friendly, efficient and flexible.

Description

Multifunctional colored yarn processing device, method and application

Technical Field

The invention relates to a processing device, a processing method and application of multifunctional colored yarns, and belongs to the technical field of textile materials.

Background

Polyester fiber, commonly called polyester, has excellent comprehensive physical and chemical properties, and is widely applied to various textiles in the first world, and is an extremely important synthetic fiber. However, the molecular structure of the dye has no hydrophilic group, so that the molecular orientation degree and the crystallinity are higher, the hygroscopicity is poor, the dye-uptake is difficult to a certain extent, and the traditional printing and dyeing process can bring about huge environmental problems of wastewater pollution, carbon dioxide emission and the like. Under the current green, environment-friendly and low-carbon time call, the stock solution coloring polyester has a broader development prospect, has outstanding performance advantages, uniform color, high color fastness, light resistance, aging resistance, washing resistance, good friction resistance, no pollution, low energy consumption and low cost, has been widely applied to the fields of sewing threads, embroidery threads, outdoor and vehicle and industrial textiles, daily clothing and the like, and has outstanding advantages compared with the conventional dyeing polyester.

In addition to the conventional performance, the ratio of the functional and differentiated polyester products in the market is gradually increased, for example, products such as polyester stock solution coloring flame-retardant anti-dripping fibers, high-profile colored polyester fibers, antibacterial environment-friendly polyester stock solution coloring fibers and the like are produced, and the multifunctionalization of the fibers is gradually becoming a research hot spot.

The piezoelectric fiber is an intelligent material capable of mutually converting mechanical energy and electric energy, and has the advantages of light weight, quick frequency response, high sensitivity and the like. Currently, personal wearable electronic products are increasingly popular, such as clothing displays, wearable sensors in sports, virtual reality devices, smart watches, and bracelets. In these applications, piezoelectric fibers are widely used in the wearable field because of their flexibility to weave into multifunctional fabrics. The inorganic ceramic piezoelectric fiber is the most widely applied piezoelectric material, has the advantages of low price, good stability, good piezoelectric performance and the like, and can be prepared by thermoplastic extrusion.

Electret refers to a dielectric material with long-term charge storage function, is a novel filter material with high filter efficiency, small air resistance and bacteria inhibition and killing function, and can obtain electret fiber by performing electret treatment on fiber in the melt spinning process.

Auxetic materials are materials with negative poisson's ratio, with the mechanical properties of either expanding in the vertical direction when in tension or contracting when squeezed, i.e. auxetic. In 2002, alderson et al produced the earliest auxetic fiber from polypropylene by a melt spinning process in which polypropylene was extruded at 159℃with a screw speed of 10r/min (1.05 rad/s) and a winding speed of 2m/min (0.03 m/s), with a Poisson's ratio of-0.6.+ -. 0.05. In 2005, ravirala et al succeeded in preparing auxetic polyester fibers and auxetic nylon fibers on the basis of auxetic polypropylene fibers. The auxetic material has good energy absorption, and can be used in protective clothing, protective equipment, protective hat, bulletproof vest, leg protector, knee protector or sheath. The long fiber or yarn transmits active medium to cause the auxetic textile to be a material of intelligent textile because of possessing anti-inflammatory, deodorant and drug release capability, and the auxetic textile can improve the pressure comfort of clothing.

The above-mentioned functions are all the current research hot spots, and how to integrate the functions on the fiber through processing is a problem worthy of research. Therefore, a melt spinning machine with simple device operation and high efficiency in the spinning process is needed, so that spun polyester yarns have flexible and various functions, the application range is enlarged, and the increasing demands on multifunctional colored fibers in the current market are met.

Disclosure of Invention

The main problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the differentiated and functional fiber in the current market has small proportion and insufficient color richness, cannot meet the increasing market demands, and has the problems that the spinning device is mostly complex and the product replacement is not flexible enough.

In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is to provide a multifunctional colored silk processing device which comprises a first material feeding mechanism and a second material feeding mechanism, wherein the first material feeding mechanism is communicated with a cortex screw extrusion mechanism for forming a fiber cortex through a cortex melt feeding mechanism, the second material feeding mechanism is communicated with a core screw extrusion mechanism for forming a fiber core through a core melt feeding mechanism, a silk spraying mechanism is respectively arranged at the outlet ends of the cortex screw extrusion mechanism and the core screw extrusion mechanism, an assistant feeding mechanism, a traction pre-stretching mechanism, a stretching mechanism and a winding collecting mechanism are sequentially arranged below the two silk spraying mechanisms, and one side of the stretching mechanism is provided with a discharging device. The spinning mechanism generally comprises a spinning metering pump, a filter plate and a spinneret plate with a sheath-core structure. The assistant feeding mechanism is used for finishing assistant feeding operation on the silk yarns by contacting the silk yarns through an oil tanker, so that static electricity and friction are reduced, and the bundling property of multifilament is enhanced; the traction pre-stretching mechanism carries out preliminary stretching on primary yarn through a traction roller and a heating pre-stretching roller, and preliminarily adjusts the orientation and crystallization of macromolecular chains; the stretching mechanism stretches the silk by the speed matching between the godet rollers, the discharge device outside the stretching mechanism carries out resident polarization treatment on the fiber by direct current corona discharge, and finally the silk is uniformly and neatly collected on the guide roller through the winding and collecting mechanism.

Preferably, the outlet end of the first material feeding mechanism is provided with a first stirring mechanism; the outlet end of the second material feeding mechanism is provided with a second stirring mechanism, and the first stirring mechanism and the second stirring mechanism are internally provided with a slurry turning and heating device made of stainless steel materials.

More preferably, the outlet end of the second stirring mechanism is provided with a crystallization inducing mechanism. The crystallization inducing mechanism can control the crystallinity of macromolecules through the crystallization inducer, so that the growth speed and the growth morphology of crystals are effectively controlled, and the quality of the crystals is improved.

Preferably, the outlet ends of the sheath layer screw extrusion mechanism and the core layer screw extrusion mechanism are provided with a spinning metering pump and a cooling mechanism. The cooling mechanism cools the primary yarn by cold air.

Preferably, the first material feeding mechanism and the second material feeding mechanism comprise four feeding hoppers connected in parallel and corresponding metering pumps.

Preferably, the cortex screw extrusion mechanism and the core screw extrusion mechanism all adopt screw extruders, the screw extruders are divided into four heating areas, the four heating areas with controllable temperature are used for heating outside, a melt viscosity control system is arranged in the screw extruders, and a motor is arranged at the tail part of the screw extruders to drive the screw to stably rotate so as to convey materials.

The invention also provides a processing method of the multifunctional colored silk, which comprises the following steps:

Step 1): adding polyester chips, color master batch, zinc sulfide and Mxene into a first material feeding mechanism, adding polyester chips, color master batch, inorganic piezoelectric ceramic particles, tourmaline particles and crystallization inducer into a second material feeding mechanism, and respectively feeding the polyester chips, the color master batch, the inorganic piezoelectric ceramic particles, the tourmaline particles and the crystallization inducer into a cortex melt feeding mechanism and a core layer melt feeding mechanism according to a proportion;

step 2): the materials in the sheath melt feeding mechanism and the core melt feeding mechanism respectively enter the sheath screw extrusion mechanism and the core screw extrusion mechanism, then high polymer is melted and extruded, the high polymer melt trickles respectively enter two spinning mechanisms and are ejected by a spinneret plate, the spinning beams are cooled and solidified into tows by cold air in a channel, and auxiliary agents are added to the tows through an auxiliary agent feeding mechanism, so that the multifunctional colored yarns are primarily formed;

Step 3): the multifunctional colored yarn is regulated by a traction pre-stretching mechanism, then enters a stretching mechanism to be uniformly drawn and thinned, macromolecular chains are mutually close to each other under the stretching action to generate transverse crystals, the crystallization and the orientation of yarn are improved, the fiber resident polarization treatment is carried out by a discharge device through direct current corona discharge while stretching, and finally the multifunctional colored yarn is orderly collected on a guide roller through a winding collecting mechanism.

Preferably, the color of the color master batch is any one or more of red, yellow, blue, purple and green, the appearance and the luster are uniform and consistent, no moisture exists in the color master batch, and the melting point is 220-260 ℃; the particle size of the zinc sulfide, the inorganic piezoelectric ceramic particles, the Mxene, the graphene, the crystallization inducer and the tourmaline particles is smaller than 0.5 mu m.

Preferably, the multifunctional colored silk comprises a skin layer and a core layer, wherein an auxetic structure is arranged in the core layer; the sheath layer contains zinc sulfide and Mxene, and the core layer contains inorganic piezoelectric ceramic particles and tourmaline particles.

The invention also provides application of the multifunctional colored yarn in cutting-resistant colored jacket, outdoor sportswear, protective gloves, wristbands, knee pads, high-grade western-style clothes, underwear, handbag, backpack, cloth for briefs, pressure-developed socks, gloves, cloth for sportswear, electrically-developed knapsack or cloth for leisure wear.

The material related by the invention has the fiber with piezoelectric effect, auxetic effect, flame retardant function, filtering function and high shearing resistance, has bright appearance color, various functions, has the characteristics of environmental protection, high efficiency and strong flexibility, and realizes the principle of the characteristics of the invention that:

(1) The piezoelectric effect is achieved by adding inorganic piezoelectric ceramic powder during melt spinning. The inorganic ceramic piezoelectric fiber is the most widely applied piezoelectric material, and can be prepared by a thermoplastic extrusion method, piezoelectric ceramic powder is directly mixed with a thermoplastic polymer, the mixed fiber is obtained by melt spinning extrusion at the melting temperature suitable for the polymer, when external pressure acts on the fiber, a passage is formed between the fiber and the human body and the earth, and the unique visual effect of fiber luminescence can be generated by the color development effect of zinc sulfide of the fiber cortex.

(2) The auxetic effect is achieved by a method of making auxetic fibers. In the melt spinning process, it is necessary to strictly control the spinning process parameters, especially the extrusion temperature, since the auxetic effect occurs in a very narrow temperature range, and for polyester fibers the optimum extrusion temperature is controlled at 225 ℃; meanwhile, the influence of processing parameters such as screw rotation speed, drawing speed, die diameter and the like on the auxetic filaments is also considered. Wherein the screw speed is as low as possible, which is important for imparting to the fiber an auxetic function and an auxetic value range, in practical processing, 0.525rad/s may be selected; the stretching speed has small influence on the percentage of the drawability of the fiber, slight stretching does not have adverse influence on the drawability, the stretching multiple can be controlled between 1 and 2 times in a traction pre-stretching area, and the diameter and the modulus of the fiber can be obviously reduced along with the increase of the stretching speed, so that the stretching multiple of the stretching area can be controlled between 3 and 5 times; with respect to the selection of die diameter, it has been found that an appropriate increase in die diameter results in an increase in the percentage of auxetic, so that in actual production, a spinneret with 0.55mm die diameter, 40 holes, can be selected. Through the close fit between the process parameters, a network structure, also known as a nodular system of interconnected fibrils, is formed within the fiber, and this complex microstructure imparts the fiber auxetic effect.

(3) The flame retardant function is achieved by mixing Mxene and graphene in the raw material. The unique two-dimensional structure and high specific surface area of Mxene can be used as a physical barrier layer to effectively block heat transfer and delay thermal decomposition of a matrix, in particular, MXene and a decomposition product TiO ₂ thereof have good physical barrier effect, a 'maze' is constructed in the matrix to prolong a gas diffusion path, and the decomposition product TiO ₂ has excellent catalytic activity, can promote the polymer matrix to form carbon, has good catalytic carbon forming and smoke suppression effects, and can adsorb polymer pyrolysis products to enter a combustible area, so that the flame retardant effect is achieved; the graphene has very good heat conduction effect, can conduct local heat to other materials and disperse, so that fire is difficult to spread, heat conduction and coke blockage can also generate a labyrinth effect, flame spread can be effectively prevented, meanwhile, the graphene has very high surface area, inflammable organic volatile can be adsorbed, release and diffusion of the inflammable organic volatile in the combustion process can be prevented, generation of toxic gas is reduced, and a good flame retardant effect is achieved.

(4) The filtering function is realized by doping tourmaline particles into spinning raw materials and carrying out electret treatment on fibers during melt spinning. Electrets are permanently polarized, condensed substances, dielectric materials with long-term charge storage function, which have permanent electrical polarization phenomena inside the material, remain electrodes under the condition of no external electric field, generate electricity to the surroundings, and can be used as filter materials. The filter material of the traditional filter is composed of fine fibers or porous materials, dust particles are captured through the effects of interception, inertia, diffusion and the like, the electret filter material can enhance electrostatic adsorption in the air filtering process, besides the original mechanical blocking effect, charged particles in an air phase are directly absorbed and captured by virtue of coulomb force, or neutral particles are induced to generate polarity and then captured, so that submicron particles in a gas carrier phase are more effectively filtered, the filtering efficiency is greatly enhanced, and the air resistance is not increased; meanwhile, the charges stored in the inner part of the electric energy storage device are negative charges, and the electric energy storage device can also play a role in inhibiting and killing germs. In the actual production process, firstly, tourmaline is crushed to a particle size of below 0.3-0.5 mu m, and then the tourmaline is fed together with raw materials in a material feeding mechanism, so that the fiber containing tourmaline particles can be spun; and then, after the copolymer is sprayed out of the spinning mechanism, the copolymer is subjected to resident polarization in a stretching area through direct-current corona discharge, so that electret fibers are formed, and the multifunctional colored yarn has a filtering function.

(5) The high shear resistance function is formed by high crystallinity and special auxetic structure in the fiber, and the molecular chain shape and size are regulated by a crystallization induction mechanism, so that the growth speed and the growth shape of crystals are effectively controlled, the quality of the crystals is improved, regular crystals are formed, macromolecular chains are mutually close to each other in the stretching stage to generate transverse crystals, and complex network structures are formed in the fiber by cooperation of an auxetic fiber production process, and when the external shear force acts, the surface of the fiber is more and more compact, thereby playing a role in shear resistance.

(6) Besides the above-mentioned multiple functions, the colored silk produced by the invention has bright and bright appearance, because the polyester stock solution coloring method is adopted, the color master batches with different colors are mixed according to the corresponding proportion before spinning, and can form multiple colors with soft and bright visual effects, and the dyeing method belongs to fiber spinning front dyeing, solves the pollution problem of dyeing wastewater from the source, and is very environment-friendly and efficient.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the innovation points and beneficial effects that:

(1) According to the invention, by improving the material feeding mechanism, different functional particles such as zinc sulfide, inorganic piezoelectric ceramic particles, tourmaline particles, flame-retardant two-dimensional material Mxene and the like are accurately fed at the same time, and the fiber is endowed with corresponding functions by matching with the fiber post-treatment process such as polarization-resident treatment, so that multiple functions are gathered on the produced fiber, and the application field of the fiber is expanded.

(2) The invention realizes the production of the auxetic fiber with the auxetic effect through the close matching of the screw extrusion speed, the processing temperature and the stretching mechanism, and the special auxetic performance of the auxetic fiber can be used for various protective products, such as bulletproof clothes, stab-resistant clothes, protective equipment, buffering tools and the like, and can be used as the material of intelligent textiles and the like.

(3) The invention produces the colored fiber by feeding the terylene slice and the masterbatch raw material, the obtained fiber has bright color, rich visual effect, no need of the subsequent dyeing process, good color fastness and excellent quality, belongs to the raw liquid colored fiber, greatly reduces the energy consumption and the pollution to the environment, has the advantages of cleanness and environmental protection in the production process, accords with the modern green production concept, and shows remarkable environmental friendliness.

(4) The spinneret plate with the sheath-core structure is used for producing the fiber, so that the fiber has the sheath-core structure, the sheath layer and the core layer of the fiber are respectively formed through the two screw extrusion mechanisms, different functions are endowed to the sheath layer and the core layer, the fiber layer is increased, and meanwhile, the functions and the visual effects of the fiber are enriched.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a processing device for multifunctional colored yarns provided by the invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of a colored yarn provided by the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.

As shown in fig. 1, the processing device for the multifunctional colored yarn provided by the invention comprises a first material feeding mechanism 1 and a second material feeding mechanism 2, wherein the first material feeding mechanism 1 and the second material feeding mechanism 2 comprise four feeding hoppers connected in parallel and corresponding metering pumps. The outlet end of the first material feeding mechanism 1 is provided with a first stirring mechanism 3; the outlet end of the second material feeding mechanism 2 is provided with a second stirring mechanism 4, and the outlet end of the second stirring mechanism 4 is provided with a crystallization induction mechanism 5. The first stirring mechanism 3 and the second stirring mechanism 4 are respectively internally provided with a stainless steel slurry rotating and heating device. The first material feeding mechanism 1 is communicated with the cortex screw extrusion mechanism 8 for forming a fiber cortex through the cortex melt feeding mechanism 6, the second material feeding mechanism 2 is communicated with the core screw extrusion mechanism 9 for forming a fiber core through the core melt feeding mechanism 7, and spinning metering pumps 10 and cooling mechanisms 11 are arranged at the outlet ends of the cortex screw extrusion mechanism 8 and the core screw extrusion mechanism 9. The spinning machine comprises a sheath layer screw extrusion mechanism 8, a core layer screw extrusion mechanism 9, an assistant feeding mechanism 12, a traction pre-stretching mechanism 13, a stretching mechanism 14 and a winding collecting mechanism 15, wherein a plurality of pairs of yarn guiding rollers are arranged at the outlet ends of the sheath layer screw extrusion mechanism 8 and the core layer screw extrusion mechanism 9 respectively, a discharging device 16 is arranged at one side of the stretching mechanism 14. The cortex screw extrusion mechanism 8 and the core screw extrusion mechanism 9 all adopt screw extruders, the screw extruders are divided into four heating areas, the four heating rings with controllable temperature are used for heating outside, a melt viscosity control system is arranged in the screw extruders, and a motor is arranged at the tail part of the screw extruders to drive the screw to stably rotate so as to convey materials.

The processing method of the multifunctional colored silk by using the device comprises the following steps:

(1) According to special functions and color requirements, feeding polyester chips and color master batches with required colors into one hopper of two-side material feeding mechanisms according to a color process ratio, simultaneously feeding functional particles into the other three hoppers of the two groups of material feeding mechanisms according to a calculation ratio, adding the polyester chips and the color master batches, zinc sulfide and Mxene into the first material feeding mechanism, adding the polyester chips and the color master batches, inorganic piezoelectric ceramic particles, tourmaline particles and crystallization inducer into the second material feeding mechanism, and then respectively entering the left and right two groups of stirring mechanisms;

(2) The two groups of stirring mechanisms realize stirring and mixing of polyester chips, color master batches and other functional particles through a stainless steel high-speed slurry-rotating stirring device and a heating device, after the stirring is completed, the first stirring mechanism conveys the mixed materials to the cortex melt feeding mechanism, the second stirring mechanism conveys the mixed materials to the crystallization induction mechanism, the growth speed and the form of crystals are adjusted, so that the polymers are in a state of almost not crystallizing at the moment, and then the mixed materials are conveyed to the core melt feeding mechanism;

(3) The skin layer and core layer melt feeding mechanisms respectively feed the mixed materials into the skin layer and core layer screw extrusion mechanisms, the screw extrusion mechanisms are heated by four external heating rings and respectively correspond to four temperature partitions, the temperature control of each partition has an influence on the melt fluidity and viscosity, and the viscosity of melt trickles is controlled through a melt viscosity adjusting mechanism arranged in the screw extrusion mechanisms, so that the melt trickles are ensured to have good fluidity, and are extruded smoothly under proper shearing stress;

(4) The high polymer melt extruded by the sheath layer and core layer screw extrusion mechanism enters a spinning mechanism from two channels, flows into a spinning box under the accurate control of a spinning metering pump, is filtered in the box and is pressed into a sheath core structure spinneret plate to spray melt trickles, and cold air blown out by a temperature-adjusting bellows is condensed to form solidified silk bundle fibers;

(5) The colored fiber after cooling forming is subjected to auxiliary agent on an auxiliary agent feeding mechanism, so that the beam gathering property of the fiber bundle is enhanced, static electricity is reduced, the fiber bundle enters a traction pre-stretching mechanism, crystallization and orientation are initially adjusted under the pre-stretching action of a godet roll, then the fiber bundle enters a stretching mechanism, a stretching effect is generated by the speed difference among the godet rolls, the distance among macromolecular chains inside the fiber is reduced by stretching, transverse crystals are generated by mutual approaching, and the performance of the fiber is enhanced; and simultaneously, in the stretching process, the fiber is subjected to resident polarization treatment by a discharge device through direct-current corona discharge, so that the fiber becomes electret fiber, and finally, the electret fiber is wound and collected on a guide roller. The prepared multifunctional colored silk comprises a skin layer and a core layer, wherein an auxetic structure 25 is arranged in the core layer; the skin layer contains zinc sulfide 21 and Mxene 22, and the core layer contains inorganic piezoelectric ceramic particles 23 and tourmaline particles 24.

In particular to the following embodiments: example 1 preparation of multifunctional polyester yarn with soft purple color; example 2 preparation of multifunctional polyester yarn with bright purple color; example 3 preparation of multifunctional polyester yarn with clear green; example 4 preparation of multifunctional polyester yarn with saturated green. The process parameters of the examples are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

As shown in table 1, the corresponding parameter settings are performed on the constituent components related to the 4 embodiments, including (1) various production process conditions (masterbatch ratio, color, name and feeding content of sheath-core functional particles, extrusion speed) of the material feeding mechanism; (2) heating temperature and output speed of two groups of stirring mechanisms; (3) The output speed of the crystallization induction mechanism and the skin-core layer melt feeding mechanism; (4) heating temperature of each area of the sheath-core screw extrusion mechanism; (5) Relevant technological parameters (spinning speed, cold air temperature) of a spinning mechanism; (6) The drawing multiple and winding speed of the yarn drawing and prestretching mechanism, the drawing multiple of the drawing mechanism and the winding speed of the winding and collecting mechanism.

Claims (10)

1. A multifunctional colored silk processing device, characterized in that it includes a first material feeding mechanism (1) and a second material feeding mechanism (2), the first material feeding mechanism (1) is connected to a skin layer screw extrusion mechanism (8) for forming a fiber skin layer through a skin layer melt feeding mechanism (6), and the second material feeding mechanism (2) is connected to a core layer screw extrusion mechanism (9) for forming a fiber core layer through a core layer melt feeding mechanism (7), and a spinneret mechanism is respectively provided at the outlet end of the skin layer screw extrusion mechanism (8) and the core layer screw extrusion mechanism (9), and an upper auxiliary agent mechanism (12), a traction pre-stretching mechanism (13), a stretching mechanism (14), and a winding and collecting mechanism (15) are arranged in sequence below the two spinnerets, and a discharge device (16) is provided on one side of the stretching mechanism (14). 2. The multifunctional colored silk processing device as described in claim 1 is characterized in that a first stirring mechanism (3) is provided at the outlet end of the first material feeding mechanism (1); a second stirring mechanism (4) is provided at the outlet end of the second material feeding mechanism (2), and the first stirring mechanism (3) and the second stirring mechanism (4) are both provided with a stainless steel pulp rotating and heating device. 3. The multifunctional colored silk processing device as described in claim 2 is characterized in that a crystallization inducing mechanism (5) is provided at the outlet end of the second stirring mechanism (4). 4. The multifunctional colored silk processing device as described in claim 1 is characterized in that the outlet ends of the skin layer screw extrusion mechanism (8) and the core layer screw extrusion mechanism (9) are provided with a spinning metering pump (10) and a cooling mechanism (11). 5. The multifunctional colored silk processing device as described in claim 1 is characterized in that the first material feeding mechanism (1) and the second material feeding mechanism (2) each include four parallel feeding hoppers and corresponding metering pumps. 6. The multifunctional colored silk processing device as described in claim 1 is characterized in that the skin layer screw extrusion mechanism (8) and the core layer screw extrusion mechanism (9) both adopt a screw extruder, the screw extruder is divided into four heating zones, and is heated externally by four temperature-controllable heating rings. There is a melt viscosity control system inside the screw extruder, and a motor is provided at the tail to drive the screw to rotate stably to convey materials. 7. A method for processing multifunctional colored yarn, characterized in that the method adopts the multifunctional colored yarn processing device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the following steps: Step 1): Add polyester chips and masterbatch, zinc sulfide, and Mxene to the first material feeding mechanism (1), add polyester chips and masterbatch, inorganic piezoelectric ceramic particles, tourmaline particles, and crystallization inducing agent to the second material feeding mechanism (2), and feed them into the skin layer melt feeding mechanism (6) and the core layer melt feeding mechanism (7) respectively according to proportion; Step 2): the materials in the skin layer melt feeding mechanism (6) and the core layer melt feeding mechanism (7) enter the skin layer screw extrusion mechanism (8) and the core layer screw extrusion mechanism (9) respectively, and then the polymer melt is extruded, and the polymer melt fine streams enter the two spinnerets respectively and are ejected from the spinnerets, and are cooled and solidified into a filament bundle by cold air in the channel, and the filament bundle is coated with an additive by the additive coating mechanism (12), thereby preliminarily forming a multifunctional colored filament; Step 3): The multifunctional colored yarn is adjusted by the traction pre-stretching mechanism (13), and then enters the stretching mechanism (14) to be evenly drawn and stretched. The stretching action brings the macromolecular chains closer to each other, forming transverse crystals, improving the crystallization and orientation of the yarn, and at the same time, the discharge device (16) performs a DC corona discharge to perform a fiber electret polarization treatment. Finally, the multifunctional colored yarn is neatly collected on a guide roller through a winding and collecting mechanism (15). 8. The processing method of multifunctional colored silk as described in claim 7 is characterized in that the color of the masterbatch is any one or more of red, yellow, blue, purple, and green, its appearance color is uniform, there is no moisture inside, and the melting point is 220-260°C; the particle size of the zinc sulfide, inorganic piezoelectric ceramic particles, Mxene, graphene, crystallization inducer, and tourmaline particles is less than 0.5μm. 9. The multifunctional colored wire prepared by the processing method of the multifunctional colored wire according to claim 7 or 8 is characterized in that the multifunctional colored wire comprises a cortex and a core layer, and a tensile structure (25) is provided in the core layer; the cortex contains zinc sulfide (21) and Mxene (22), and the core layer contains inorganic piezoelectric ceramic particles (23) and tourmaline particles (24). 10. Use of the multifunctional colored yarn according to claim 9 in cut-resistant colored jackets, outdoor sportswear, protective gloves, wrist guards, knee pads, high-end suits, underwear, handbags, backpacks, fabrics for briefcases, pressure-chromatic socks, gloves, fabrics for sportswear, electrochromic backpacks or fabrics for casual wear.