CN1174031A - 双氯芬酸钠透皮控释贴膏 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种新型药物透皮控释治疗用的双氯芬酸钠贴膏,它是由主药双氯芬酸钠、亲水性压敏脱基质、复合透皮促进剂,经充分混合均匀涂布于底基纸上,再用包括PVC或无纺布的裱背材料转移性复合而生产出的产品。该双氯芬酸钠贴膏贴于患部可经透皮吸收,贴药部位的局部药浓度远高于血药浓度,且作用时间长、无刺激性、无剥落反应,对胃肠道无刺激和对中枢神经无不良反应,具有很显著的抗炎镇痛治疗效果,因而具有明显的经济效益。
Description
本发明公开了一种新型的药物透皮控释治疗用的双氯芬酸钠透皮控释贴膏,它属于药剂学技术领域,也属于高分子材料学技术领域。
双氯芬酸钠(又名双氯灭痛,Sodium Diclofenac)是临床上广泛使用的强效非甾体抗炎药,具有独特的抗炎、镇痛、解热效果。对于类风湿性关节炎、风湿性骨关节炎、强直性关节炎、神经炎、红班痕疮、癌症术后疼痛以及各种炎症引起的疼痛和发热都有确切的疗效。
双氯芬酸钠和其它非甾体抗炎药的药理作用一样,都是通过抑制体内环氧酶而阻止由花生四烯酸转化为前列腺素,前列腺素是破坏关节的重要炎症介质之一。有效地抑制炎症反应是类风湿性关节炎治疗成功的关键。
当双氯芬酸钠以注射给药、直肠给药、口服给药时,由于全身吸收,胃肠粘膜前列腺素合成受到抑制,长期服药使胃碳酸氢根和粘液分泌减少,胃粘膜屏障破坏,细胞失去保护作用,可引起溃疡和出血,服药一年后31%的病人有胃部病变,服用多种者其病变率高达51%,有的还伴有中枢神经系统的不良反应,如头痛、头晕等。
1980年代透皮制剂的兴起,给非甾体抗炎药剂型的开拓带来了新的机遇,如擦剂、凝胶剂等应运而生,但这类制剂存在着需一日多次涂擦,且易为衣物擦掉等问题。
美国专利(USP4738848)发明的双氯芬酸钠透皮吸收制剂在含药层中加入一定量的有机酸使其转变为游离的双氯芬酸,以解决皮肤对离子型药物的极强的屏障作用,但这种制剂只能用亲脂性高分子材料作为压敏胶基质;工艺上不但对环境造成污染;物理性质差,造成剥离力高而损害皮肤;如开气孔则破坏贴膏的履盖作用,影响药物透皮吸收。
中国专利(专利申请号为95102534.1),它是发明人我们以亲水性高分子材料为基质,成功研制成了非甾体抗炎药分子型药物吲哚美辛透皮控释贴膏,且于1996年12月2日获卫生部颁发的新药证书,证书编号:(96)卫药证字X-206号。它仍是一种透过皮肤的分子型强效非甾体抗炎药,是采用亲水性基质生产的透皮吸收制剂。
本发明的目的是:本发明的发明者拟研究开发以离子型药物双氯芬酸钠为有效成分,以亲水性的丙烯酸共聚物压敏胶为基质的新型的双氯芬酸钠透皮控释贴膏。它应能以乙醇、丙二醇、甘油、PEG300、PEG400、氮酮、薄荷、尿素、樟脑、桉叶油等物质组成复合透皮促进剂,制成新型的双氯芬酸钠透皮控释贴膏,以期望该贴膏贴于患部时,双氯芬酸钠可以经皮吸收,贴药部位的局部药浓度要远高于血药浓度,且能作用时间长、无刺激性、无剥落反应,亦应无胃肠道刺激和对中枢神经系统无不良反应的新型透皮控释贴膏。
为实现本发明的目的所采取的技术措施:
本发明是一新型的透皮治疗系统,即双氯芬酸钠透皮控释贴膏。
本发明中能够产生抗炎镇痛效果的主要成分为双氯芬酸钠。双氯芬酸钠是临床上长期使用的强效非甾体抗炎药。在本发明的双氯芬酸钠透皮控释贴膏中,双氯芬酸钠的用量为0.08~15.0%。
本发明中,该透皮控释贴膏采用包括丙烯酸酯聚合物压敏胶的亲水的高分子材料为基质。丙烯酸酯压敏胶从1960年代起在国外就用于制备医用胶带。它本身对皮肤刺激性极小,不需加入增粘剂、抗氧剂,很少引起过敏反应,具有亲水性的丙烯酸酯聚合物压敏胶还具有透湿性的特点。本发明所选用的丙烯酸酯聚合物压敏胶,其标准已收载入美国药用辅料手册,具有很高的安全性。本发明中丙烯酸酯聚合物压敏胶的用量以40.0~98.0%较为合适。
本发明中,虽采用双氯芬酸钠为产生药效的主药成分,而双氯芬酸钠为离子型药物时,难以克服药物透过皮肤时皮肤的屏障作用。故在本发明的透皮控释贴膏中,采用复合透皮促进剂,如丙二醇、甘油、PEG300、PEG400等低分子醇类,又如尿素、薄荷、氮酮、樟脑、桉叶油等,本发明使用的透皮促进剂为从这些透皮促进剂中任意选用二种或二种以上的复合透皮促进剂,其用量为1.0~20.0%。
本发明中,将双氯芬酸钠透皮控释贴膏的主药成分双氯芬酸钠包括低分子醇类、尿素、氮酮、樟脑、薄荷、桉叶油的复合透皮促进剂、以及亲水性的丙烯酸树脂压敏胶混合均匀,然后以转移性涂布制成固体分散物于底基纸上,经过70℃~150℃干燥,然后用包括PVC薄膜或无纺布的裱背材料进行复合,冲切成一定大小和规格,即得到双氯芬酸钠透皮控释贴膏产品。
与已有技术相比较,本发明已达到的技术效果:
本发明制备的双氯芬酸钠透皮控释贴膏具有优良的抗炎镇痛的效果,且无不良反应,其透皮吸收试验,药效学以及毒理学试验结果如下。
1.透皮吸收试验
透皮吸收体外试验发展迅速,在体外通过人的皮肤测定其扩散是精确可靠的,以前的小剂量同位素标记的动物模型,以小剂量静脉注射导出相关因素,其实验误差巨大。动物皮肤与人体皮肤相比较的体外研究日益增多,Franz在这方面作了重要贡献,他还设计了限量扩散池或称Franz扩散池,进一步评价了有限剂量法并且使体内外数据保持较密切的相关性。本发明采用改进的Franz单隔室静态扩散小室Keshary-chien扩散小池,克服Franz扩散小池用于透皮吸收试验的某些缺陷,采用与人皮肤角质层极相似的蛇皮作屏障[Harada,etal.J.Pharm,Pharmacol,1993(45),414-418],其实验结果如表1。
表1双氯芬酸钠透皮扩散试验
试验表明双氯芬酸钠透皮控释贴膏中主药透过量大大高于口服该药的血药峰浓度(约1μg/ml),而且作用时间长,具有控释效果,提示该双氯芬酸钠透皮控释贴膏具有良好的药效。
2.药效学试验结果
2.1双氯芬酸钠透皮控释贴膏对角叉菜胶诱发大鼠足趾水肿的治疗作用
按徐叔云等编《药理试验方法学》(1982年版,P525)记载的方法进行试验:取雄性SD大鼠20只,随机分成两组,每组10只,实验前用容积法测定每只大鼠右后足踝关节以下的容积值。第1组每鼠右后趾部位贴敷空白贴膏,作为阴性对照;第2组贴敷双氯芬酸钠透皮控释贴膏,给药4小时后剥离贴膏,在每只鼠右后趾中部皮下注射0.05ml1.0%的角叉菜胶,于致炎后1,3,5小时测试各大鼠足踝关节以下容积值,根据式(1)和式(2)计算肿胀度和抑制率。其实验结果列于表2。
式(2)中Et和Ec分别代表给药组和空白组的平均肿胀度。
表2双氯芬酸钠贴膏对角叉菜胶诱发的大
鼠足趾水肿的治疗作用
*P<0.01
结果表明双氯芬酸钠贴膏能显著抑制角叉菜胶诱发的足趾炎症。
2.2.双氯芬酸钠透皮控释贴膏对弗氏完全佐剂诱发的大鼠关节炎的治疗作用
按徐叔云等编《药理实验方法学》(1982年版,P534)记载的方法试验:取SD系大鼠在用药之前均以容积法测定左、右后肢足踝关节以下正常足爪的排水量。此后,在每鼠右后足趾内注射弗代完全佐剂0.1ml致炎300min后,贴敷含药贴膏,剂量为30mg/kg·wt,胶布固定,每组致炎后1,2,3天,每组以同样方法和剂量换药一次,在致炎后18小时和3天后,以容积法测定右后足的排水量,观察双氯芬酸钠贴膏对原发性炎症的影响。在致炎后一周继续用同样的方法和相同的剂量对每组大鼠贴敷供试药物7天,即致炎后第14天测定左、右后足趾的肿胀值。观察双氯芬酸钠贴膏对继发性炎症的影响,在致炎19天后以上述方法和剂量换药一次,连续用药7天,观察双氯芬酸钠贴膏对继发性炎症的治疗作用,按上述的式(1)和式(2)计算肿胀度和抑制率。其实验结果列于表3、表4、表5。
表3双氯芬酸钠贴膏对原发性病变的影响
| 组别 | 致炎18小时后 | 致炎3天后 | ||
| 肿胀度(x±s)ml | 抑制率(%) | 肿胀度(x±s)ml | 抑制度(%) | |
| 空白组(n=10) | 0.29±0.03 | 0.72±0.03 | ||
| 贴膏组(n=10) | 0.12±0.02* | 58.62 | 0.17士0.02* | 76.39 |
*P<0.01
表4双氯芬酸钠贴膏对继发性病变的影响(致病后14天)
| 组别 | 左后足 | 右后足 | ||
| 肿胀度(x±s)ml | 抑制率(%) | 肿胀度(x±s)ml | 抑制度(%) | |
| 空白组(n=10) | 0.36±0.03 | 0.74±0.06 | ||
| 贴膏组(n=10) | 0.11±0.04* | 69.44 | 0.14±0.02* | 81.08 |
*P<0.01
表5双氯芬酸钠贴膏对继发性病变的作用(致病26天后)
| 组别 | 左后足 | 右后足 | ||
| 肿胀度(x±s)ml | 抑制率(%) | 肿胀度(x±s)ml | 抑制度(%) | |
| 空白组(n=10) | 0.29±0.03 | 0.63±0.05 | ||
| 贴膏组(n=10) | 0.08±0.03* | 72.41 | 0.08±0.04* | 87.30 |
*P<0.01与空白对照组相比较
上述试验表明:本发明所制备的双氯芬酸钠透皮控释贴膏能明显抑制弗氏完全佐剂诱发的大鼠关节炎。
3.毒理试验
双氯芬酸钠原料灌胃(口服)给药的LD50为117mg/kg,与文献报道的LD50为105mg/kg一致。而双氯芬酸钠贴膏,按最大剂量(105mg/kg)一次性外敷24小时后,未见任何毒副作用发生,此剂量为人临床用剂量的84倍,可见本发明的双氯芬酸钠透皮控释贴膏外用治疗风湿性关节炎是安全、可靠、无毒副作用。
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1:
处方:双氯芬酸钠 1.0%
乙醇 2.0%
氮酮 1.0%
丙烯酸酯共聚物 96.0%
工艺:将上述药物与辅料混合均匀,以转移性涂布制成固体分散物于底基纸上,经70~90℃干燥,然后复合PVC薄膜,冲切成7.3×7.3cm2大小,即得双氯芬酸钠透皮控释贴膏。
实施例2:
处方:双氯芬酸钠 1.0%
乙醇 3.0%
丙二醇 2.0%
氮酮 3.0%
丙烯酸酯共聚物 91.0%
工艺同实施例1。
实施例3:
处方:双氯芬酸钠 2.0%
乙醇 5.0%
薄荷 3.0%
氮酮 1.0%
丙烯酸酯共聚物 89.0%
工艺同实施例1。
Claims (5)
1.一种新型的药物透皮控释治疗用的双氯芬酸钠透皮控释贴膏,其特征在于:由主药双氯芬酸钠、亲水性压敏胶基质、复合透皮促进剂,经充分混合均匀后,涂布于底基纸上,再用包括PVC或无纺布的裱背材料转移性复合,生产出双氯芬酸钠透皮控释贴膏。
2.按权利要求1所述的双氯芬酸钠透皮控释贴膏,其特征在于:双氯芬酸钠的用量为≥0.08%到15.0%。
3.按权利要求1所述的双氯芬酸钠透皮控释贴膏,其特征在于:所选用的基质材料为亲水性的丙烯酸酯聚合物压敏胶,其用量为≥45.0%到98.0%。
4.按权利要求1所述的双氯芬酸钠透皮控释贴膏,其特征在于:所选用的包括乙醇、丙二醇、甘油、PEG300、PEG400低分子醇类、氮酮、尿素、薄荷、樟脑、桉叶油的复合透皮促进剂,采用这些透皮促进剂的二种或二种以上复合,用量为≥1.0%到20.0%。
5.按权利要求1所述的双氯芬酸钠透皮控释贴膏,其特征在于:制备工艺是将主药成分双氯芬酸钠,丙烯酸酯共聚物压敏胶和复合透皮促进剂充分混合,后以转移性涂布制成固体分散物于底基纸上,经过70~150℃干燥,然后用包括PVC或无纺布的裱背材料复合,冲切成一定大小、规格,即生产成双氯芬酸钠透皮控释贴膏。
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- 1997-04-23 CN CN 97109086 patent/CN1174031A/zh active Pending
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| CN102319229A (zh) * | 2011-07-27 | 2012-01-18 | 蚌埠丰原涂山制药有限公司 | 一种制备双氯芬酸钠透皮贴片的方法 |
| US12161767B2 (en) | 2015-12-30 | 2024-12-10 | Corium, Llc | Systems and methods for long term transdermal administration |
| US12168075B2 (en) | 2015-12-30 | 2024-12-17 | Corium, Llc | Systems comprising a composite backing and methods for long term transdermal administration |
| CN105708823A (zh) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-06-29 | 中国药科大学 | 一种长效双氯芬酸类透皮贴剂及其制备工艺 |
| US11541018B2 (en) | 2016-06-23 | 2023-01-03 | Corium, Llc | Adhesive matrix with hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains and a therapeutic agent |
| EP3490541A2 (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2019-06-05 | Corium International, Inc. | Transdermal formulation and delivery method of low solubility or unstable unionized neutral drugs byin situ |
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| EP3490541B1 (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2025-07-09 | Corium, LLC | Transdermal formulation and delivery method of low solubility or unstable unionized neutral drugs byin situ |
| US11173132B2 (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2021-11-16 | Corium, Inc. | Transdermal adhesive composition comprising a volatile liquid therapeutic agent having low melting point |
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