CN116818663A - Multispectral infrared imaging gas cloud cluster concentration detection system and detection method - Google Patents
Multispectral infrared imaging gas cloud cluster concentration detection system and detection method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多光谱红外成像气体云团浓度检测系统及检测方法，由数据采集处理计算机、焦平面探测器、驱动电机、滤光轮及成像镜组成；检测系统需要按照“不同种类气体‑不同浓度‑不同温度”事先进行标定，在检测时，由两套相同的垂直于待测气体云团放置的系统a和系统b共同进行检测，分别采集到气体云团相互垂直角度的两张红外图像，从而可以得到两个垂直方向上不同像素位置气体云团的厚度，从而得到不同像素位置气体云团的实际平均浓度。本发明通过对特定长度气室内不同浓度、不同背景温差下的响应标定，获得气体云团浓度、厚度、与背景的温差以及气体云团和背景响应差值的关系，实现遥测目标气体空间浓度分布和扩散区域。
The invention discloses a multispectral infrared imaging gas cloud concentration detection system and detection method, which is composed of a data acquisition and processing computer, a focal plane detector, a drive motor, a filter wheel and an imaging mirror; the detection system needs to be in accordance with "different types of gases" -Different concentrations -Different temperatures" are calibrated in advance. During detection, two identical sets of system a and system b placed perpendicular to the gas cloud to be measured are jointly detected, and two images of the gas clouds at perpendicular angles to each other are collected. Infrared images can be used to obtain the thickness of gas clouds at different pixel positions in two vertical directions, and thus the actual average concentration of gas clouds at different pixel positions can be obtained. By calibrating responses under different concentrations and background temperature differences in a gas chamber of a specific length, the present invention obtains the relationship between the gas cloud concentration, thickness, temperature difference with the background, and the response difference between the gas cloud and the background, thereby achieving remote measurement of the spatial concentration distribution of the target gas. and diffusion area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for obtaining the concentration of gas to be detected by infrared imaging gas remote measurement, in particular to a multispectral infrared imaging gas cloud cluster concentration detection system and a multispectral infrared imaging gas cloud cluster concentration detection method, and belongs to the field of infrared imaging gas detection.
Background
Chemical gas is widely applied to production and life as a raw material and a product, and leakage of the chemical gas can not only cause serious safety accidents, but also cause harm to the environment. The quick gas detection in the chemical gas production, storage and transportation processes can discover potential safety hazards in time, accurately position concentration distribution and diffusion trend of gas leakage points and leakage gas in space, and take effective measures to avoid casualties and property loss.
The gas sensor belongs to the chemical sensor category, and is a component or device for converting information such as gas composition, concentration and the like into electric signals such as potential, resistance, current and the like. Gas sensors are mainly classified into semiconductor type, contact combustion type, electrochemical type and the like, and the methods are often used for estimating the gas concentration by measuring the change of the interaction between the gas to be measured and the measuring medium on the basis of chemical reaction and physical properties.
The laser gas detection has the advantages of high detection speed and low detectable concentration according to the selective absorption of gas molecules to light with specific wavelength. The laser direct absorption detection technology is to measure the attenuation degree of laser with specific wavelength passing through a certain length of gas, so as to calculate the concentration of the detection gas. The tunable laser absorption spectrum technology is to obtain a gas absorption spectrum in a tuning range by utilizing the wavelength tuning characteristic of a semiconductor laser. The modulated laser light passes through the gas and then enters the detector, and the concentration of the target gas is proportional to the harmonic signal intensity of the high-frequency modulation signal.
The infrared imaging gas detection utilizes gas infrared images to remotely identify the types and the concentrations of target gases, displays the spatial distribution of gas clouds and backgrounds, and realizes remote and non-contact detection during safe production and dangerous accident rescue. The infrared imaging gas detection technology is based on the principle that gas molecules absorb infrared radiation with specific wavelength, and the gas leakage diffusion area absorbs background infrared radiation, so that the infrared radiation of the gas area and the background infrared radiation change, and the identification of gas is realized. In order to obtain a gas image with a sharp contrast, a certain temperature difference between the gas and the background is required, which temperature difference generally depends on the concentration of the gas and the sensitivity of the infrared camera. When the temperature difference between the gas cloud and the background temperature is not large, the gas cloud can not be identified by directly adopting an infrared camera for imaging.
Patent CN 110914670A discloses a gas imaging system and method, the infrared camera system comprising a filter that blocks IR radiation outside a specific wavelength range, the infrared imaging device being used to detect the presence of a gas. However, a single filter can only detect one gas, and the imaging system and method can only be used to detect the presence of a target gas in the field of view, and cannot acquire concentration information of the gas.
Patent CN 106017676A discloses an infrared imaging spectrum measurement system based on a gradient filter, the system adopts a detector module to receive an infrared image, and the gradient filter forms a filter wheel to split infrared radiation, so that infrared imaging of various gases is realized, and imaging detection of various gases is realized. However, the working wave bands of the conventional gradient filter are all in the visible light wave band, the gradient filter is difficult to realize continuous filtering in the infrared wave band, and the infrared imaging system cannot realize concentration detection of the gas cloud cluster.
The main defects of the prior art are as follows:
(1) The gas sensor belongs to contact type gas detection, the fixed-point type online monitoring system can only detect the gas at a fixed position, the handheld detection has low detection efficiency on a large scale, and leakage points and gas diffusion areas are difficult to quickly find;
(2) The laser gas detection can only carry out single-point detection, has low detection efficiency for a large range, uses a laser diffuse reflection signal as a detection signal for a laser gas telemetry system, has weak echo signal energy, needs a larger receiving aperture, and has large system volume and complex light path;
(3) Infrared imaging gas telemetry can intuitively observe the distribution area of gas, but usually only can detect the relative concentration of the gas, and the actual concentration of the gas cloud is difficult to obtain.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects, and provide a multispectral infrared imaging gas cloud cluster concentration detection system and a multispectral infrared imaging gas cloud cluster concentration detection method, which can telemeter accurate spatial concentration distribution and diffusion regions of target gas.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a multispectral infrared imaging gas cloud cluster concentration detection system consists of a data acquisition processing computer, a focal plane detector, a driving motor, a filter wheel and an imaging lens; wherein:
the focal plane detector and the imaging lens are sequentially arranged along the light path of the gas cloud; the filter wheel is positioned between the focal plane detector and the imaging lens, and the driving motor is used for driving the filter wheel to rotate; the data acquisition processing computer is used for acquiring the image of the focal plane detector and analyzing and processing the acquired infrared image.
The focal plane detector is a refrigeration type focal plane detector or a non-refrigeration type focal plane detector; the driving motor is a small stepping driving motor; a plurality of narrow-band filters corresponding to different kinds of gas absorption peaks are placed on the filter wheel, the filters only penetrate near the gas absorption peaks, and other wave bands are cut off.
The multispectral infrared imaging gas cloud cluster concentration detection system needs to be calibrated, and the calibration system consists of a data acquisition processing computer, a focal plane detector, a driving motor, a filter wheel, an imaging lens, a double-cavity air chamber and a large-area source black body; wherein: the focal plane detector, the imaging mirror, the double-cavity air chamber and the large surface source black body are sequentially arranged on the same light path; the filter wheel is positioned between the focal plane detector and the imaging lens, and the driving motor is used for driving the filter wheel to rotate; the double-cavity air chamber is positioned between the imaging lens and the large-area source black body; the data acquisition processing computer is used for acquiring the image of the focal plane detector and analyzing and processing the acquired infrared image.
The length of the double-cavity air chamber is L 1 The two cavities are vacuumized, and according to the volume of the air chamber, the air chamber A is calibrated to be filled with a certain amount of air to be measured, and then nitrogen is filled into the air chamber A, so that the concentration of the air to be measured in the air chamber is C 1 The reference air chamber B is directly filled with nitrogen, and the pressure of the two cavities is atmospheric pressure. The air chamber has no heating function, and is static for a certain time to make the temperature of the air be the ambient temperature, and the blackbody temperature is respectively set to be higher than the ambient temperature delta T 1 、ΔT 2 、ΔT 3 … …. A plurality of narrow-band filters corresponding to different gas absorption peaks are placed on the filter wheel, and the filters only penetrate near the gas absorption peaks, and cut off in other wave bands. And rotating the optical filter to the optical filter corresponding to the gas to be calibrated, collecting the infrared image at the moment, and calculating the response difference value of the infrared images of the region A of the calibration air chamber and the region B of the reference air chamber. Changing the concentration of A gas in the calibration gas chamber to C 2 、C 3 、C 4 … … at different gas and ambient temperature differences DeltaT 1 、ΔT 2 、ΔT 3 And … …, acquiring infrared images, and calculating the response difference value of the infrared images of the region A of the calibration air chamber and the region B of the reference air chamber to obtain a concentration calibration result. The gas types are changed, the filter wheel rotates to the corresponding filter, and different gases are calibrated, so that concentration calibration results of different gases can be obtained.
The multispectral infrared imaging gas concentration calibration system needs to detect the temperature of the background and the gas cloud cluster, so as to obtain the temperature difference between the cloud cluster and the background. The thermal infrared imager temperature calibration technology establishes a thermal imager output response value and a temperature curve according to the relation between the temperature of the black body and the thermal infrared imager response value. In practical application, as the temperature of the detector can change during operation, the output signal of the detector can be greatly influenced, and along with the increase of the ambient temperature and the absorption of infrared radiation, a more serious temperature drift phenomenon can be generated, so that the response characteristic of the infrared detector can be influenced, and the temperature measurement precision is influenced to a certain extent. To obtain accurate temperatures, it is necessary to calibrate and correct the temperature with black bodies frequently.
The calibration process of the invention of different kinds of gases, different concentrations and different temperatures comprises the following steps:
a) The filter wheel is stopped at the position of the filter a, and the transmission wave band of the filter a corresponds to the absorption peak of the gas a. The double-cavity air chamber is vacuumized, and the air chamber A is filled with C 1 The balance gas is nitrogen, the air chamber B is filled with nitrogen, and both air chambers are kept at one atmosphere. Standing for a period of time, and setting the blackbody temperature higher than the ambient temperature delta T when the gas in the gas chamber is consistent with the ambient temperature 1 The focal plane detector acquires a current infrared image, and calculates a response difference between an infrared image seed gas chamber A area and a gas chamber B area as DeltaDN 111 ；
b) Respectively setting the temperature of the black bodies to be higher than the ambient temperature delta T 2 、ΔT 3 、ΔT 4 、ΔT 5 、ΔT 6 … … collecting infrared image at current temperature, calculating response difference between the gas chamber A region and the gas chamber B region of the infrared image, and obtaining gas a at C 1 Under the concentration and different background temperature differences, the response difference delta DN of the infrared image and the background of the gas cloud cluster 112 、ΔDN 113 、ΔDN 114 、ΔDN 115 、ΔDN 116 ……
c) The double-cavity air chamber is vacuumized, and the air chamber A is filled with C 2 The balance gas is nitrogen, the air chamber B is filled with nitrogen, and both air chambers are kept at one atmosphere. Standing for a period of time, and setting the blackbody temperature higher than the ambient temperature delta T when the gas in the gas chamber is consistent with the ambient temperature 1 、ΔT 2 、ΔT 3 、ΔT 4 、ΔT 5 、ΔT 6 … … the focal plane detector acquires the current infrared image, and calculates the response difference DeltaDN between the infrared image seed gas chamber A area and the gas chamber B area 121 、ΔDN 122 、ΔDN 123 、ΔDN 124 、ΔDN 125 、ΔDN 126 ……；
d) Changing the concentration of A gas a in the calibration gas chamber to C 3 、C 4 、C 5 … … at different ambient temperature differences DeltaT 1 、ΔT 2 、ΔT 3 Acquiring infrared images under …, and calculating response difference DeltaDN of infrared images of the region A of the calibration air chamber and the region B of the reference air chamber 131 、
ΔDN 132 、ΔDN 133 、ΔDN 141 、ΔDN 142 、ΔDN 143 、ΔDN 151 、ΔDN 152 、ΔDN 153 ……；
e) The filter wheel is stopped at the position of the filter b, and the transmission wave band of the filter b corresponds to the absorption peak of the gas b. The double-cavity air chamber is vacuumized, and the air chamber A is filled with C 1 、C 2 、C 3 … … the balance gas is nitrogen, and the air chamber B is filled with nitrogen, and both air chambers are kept at one atmosphere. Standing for a period of time, and respectively setting the temperature of the black body higher than the ambient temperature delta T when the gas in the gas chamber is consistent with the ambient temperature 1 、ΔT 2 、ΔT 3 … … collecting infrared image at current temperature, calculating response difference between the gas chamber A region and the gas chamber B region of the infrared image, and obtaining gas B at C 1 、C 2 、C 3 … … at different DeltaT 1 、ΔT 2 、ΔT 3 … … response difference DeltaDN between infrared image and background of gas cloud 211 、ΔDN 212 、ΔDN 213 、ΔDN 221 、ΔDN 222 、ΔDN 223 、ΔDN 231 、ΔDN 232 、ΔDN 233 ……
f) The filter wheel is provided with n optical filters, and the transmission wave band of each optical filter corresponds to the absorption peak of one gas. The filter wheels are respectively stopped at different filter positions, and at the position of the filter n, the double-cavity air chamber A is filled with the materials with different concentrations of C 1 、C 2 、C 3 … …, each gas concentration is respectively provided with a blackbody and the temperature difference of the environment is respectivelyΔT 1 、ΔT 2 、ΔT 3 … … collecting infrared image at current temperature, calculating response difference between the region A and the region B of the seed gas chamber of the infrared image to obtain gas n at C 1 、C 2 、C 3 … … at different DeltaT 1 、ΔT 2 、ΔT 3 … … response difference DeltaDN between infrared image and background of gas cloud n11 、ΔDN n12 、ΔDN n13 、ΔDN n21 、ΔDN n22 、ΔDN n23 、ΔDN n31 、ΔDN n32 、ΔDN n33 ……
g) Each gas obtains the relation between the gases with different concentrations of the gas cavity thickness and different temperature differences, the gas cloud and the background response difference.
When the detection system detects the gas cloud, the two identical systems a and b which are perpendicular to the gas cloud to be detected are used for detection together.
According to the distance of the gas cloud and the field angle of the lens of the imaging lens, the actual thickness of the gas cloud in two directions perpendicular to each other can be calculated from the pixel area occupied by the gas cloud on the infrared image. According to the obtained temperature difference value of the gas cloud area and the background area, the response difference value of the gas cloud area and the background area and the thickness of the gas cloud, the actual concentration of each pixel in two directions of the gas cloud which are perpendicular to each other can be obtained through the calibration data of the corresponding gas.
Further, the detection system of the invention is also provided with a reflecting mirror which can cut in/out of the light path, and the light path of the reflecting mirror forms 45 degrees with the light path of the multispectral infrared imaging gas cloud group concentration detection system. Firstly, a reflector is cut into a light path, radiant energy of a small-surface source black body placed on the side surface of the reflector enters a focal plane detector, different temperatures of the small-surface source black body are set, and response values of a high-temperature black body and a low-temperature black body under different optical filters are obtained through rotation of an optical filter wheel. According to the temperature calibration of the small-surface source black body, obtaining temperatures corresponding to different response values under different optical filters; and then cutting out the light path by the reflector, and directly detecting the target gas cloud cluster by the system a or the system b, and obtaining the temperature and the response difference value of the gas cloud cluster and the background area according to the response value of the focal plane detector. And the system a and the system b which are arranged in the 90-degree direction of the gas cloud cluster respectively acquire two infrared images of the gas cloud cluster at mutually perpendicular angles.
As the temperature of the detector increases during operation and the response value shifts, calibration of the blackbody temperature is repeated every 30 minutes.
The gas cloud concentration detection process comprises the following steps:
(1) The multispectral infrared imaging gas detection system is respectively provided with a set of correction black bodies, the black bodies are cut into and cut out of light paths through a 45-degree placed reflecting mirror, and the response of the detector is corrected regularly, so that the temperature detection of the gas cloud clusters and the background can be realized more accurately;
(2) Two sets of multispectral infrared imaging gas detection systems are vertically arranged on a gas cloud cluster to be detected, and a filter wheel rotates to respectively collect infrared images of the gas cloud cluster and a background;
(3) The type of the gas can be determined through the infrared images under different filter wheels, only the cloud clusters of the corresponding gas can be clearly imaged through the filter, and the cloud clusters of other gases have smaller differences from the background;
(4) The temperature difference value of the gas cloud cluster and the background and the response difference value of the gas cloud cluster and the background can be obtained through the infrared image, and the column concentration of the product of the gas concentration and the cloud cluster thickness can be obtained through inquiring the calibration data;
(5) The actual thickness of the gas cloud corresponding to each row of pixel positions can be obtained through the pixel number occupied by the gas cloud on the infrared image, so that the thickness of the gas cloud at different pixel positions in two vertical directions can be obtained;
(6) The obtained column concentration is divided by the actual thickness of the gas cloud in that direction, resulting in the actual average concentration of the gas cloud at different pixel locations.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the principle of infrared imaging is that the focal plane absorbs infrared radiation to cause temperature change of the focal plane, so that the thermistor value is changed, and an external signal processing circuit can obtain the power of the infrared radiation by means of testing the change of the thermistor value. The concentration, thickness, type, and temperature difference of the gas cloud and the background all have influence on the imaging effect. For the same absorption wave band of a certain gas, if the concentration and thickness of the gas are larger, the absorbance is larger, and the imaging on the infrared detector is clearer and more obvious. According to lambert-beer law, the molar absorption coefficient of gas is influenced by the wavelength of incident light, and if the wavelength is in the spectral absorption range of target gas, the stronger the target gas absorbs infrared waves with the wavelength, the clearer target gas cloud is during imaging. The greater the temperature difference between the gas and the background, the clearer the imaging of the target cloud, and the more pronounced the contrast of the cloud. According to the lambert-beer law, the relative concentration of the gas is calculated through the gas infrared image acquired in real time, so that quantitative detection is realized. When a gas cloud appears in the field of view, the equivalent bright temperature of the received spectral radiation is:
T(v)＝T 0 (v)+Δ 2 T≈T 0 (v)+αcL×ΔT
wherein: t (T) 0 (v) Is the equivalent bright temperature of background radiation; delta 2 T is the bright temperature spectrum characteristic of the gas cloud, delta 2 T is related to the gas absorption coefficient α, cloud concentration c and cloud thickness L, and the cloud-to-background temperature difference Δt.
In order to obtain the concentration of the gas cloud, it is necessary to obtain the received radiation equivalent bright temperature and the background radiation equivalent bright temperature, as well as the absorption coefficient of the gas, the thickness of the gas, the temperature difference of the cloud and the background, and the like. The equivalent bright temperature of the radiation received by the infrared imaging detector cannot be directly obtained, but the response value of the detector is related to the received infrared radiation, and the stronger the infrared radiation energy received by the detector is, the larger the response value is. And calibrating the response of the infrared imaging detector under different concentrations and different background temperature differences in the gas chamber with a specific length, so as to obtain the relationship between the concentration of the gas cloud, the thickness of the gas cloud, the temperature difference between the gas cloud and the background and the response difference between the gas cloud and the background.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method comprises the steps of carrying out concentration calibration by adopting a double-cavity air chamber in front of a blackbody, and establishing the relationship between the cloud cluster and background response difference value of the detector and the temperature difference between the gas concentration, the gas type, the gas thickness and the cloud cluster and the background; calculating the thickness of the gas cloud cluster in two directions according to the imaging size of the gas cloud cluster by adopting two sets of multispectral infrared imaging gas detection systems which are vertically arranged; and acquiring the background temperature and the temperature of the gas cloud cluster by adopting a blackbody temperature calibration method, and obtaining the actual concentration distribution and diffusion trend of the gas cloud cluster in two directions in real time according to the response of the detector to the gas cloud cluster and the background and the thickness of the gas cloud cluster by using calibration data of the gas concentration in front of the blackbody. The infrared imaging gas telemetry of various gases can be carried out by adopting a narrow-band filter light splitting mode; through the concentration calibration of the double-cavity air chamber in front of the blackbody, two sets of infrared imaging gas detection systems which are vertically arranged can obtain the actual concentration and the diffusion trend of the gas cloud; the multispectral infrared imaging gas detection system which is vertically arranged obtains the sizes of gas clouds in two directions, and three-dimensional gas cloud image and concentration distribution can be obtained through three-dimensional data inversion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a multi-spectral infrared imaging gas cloud concentration calibration system.
FIG. 2 gas calibration infrared image.
FIG. 3 concentration calibration.
Fig. 4 is a multi-spectral infrared imaging gas cloud concentration detection system.
Figure 5 gas cloud infrared image.
In the figure: 1-a data acquisition processing computer; 2-focal plane detector; 3-driving a motor; 4-a filter wheel; 5-an imaging lens; 6-a double-cavity air chamber; 7-a large surface source black body; 8-a mirror; 9-a small surface source black body; 10-gas cloud; 11-background area.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 4, the multispectral infrared imaging gas cloud concentration detection system of the invention consists of two identical systems a and b, wherein the systems a and b are arranged to be perpendicular to each other to detect a gas cloud 10, and each of the systems a and b consists of a data acquisition processing computer 1, a focal plane detector 2, a driving motor 3, a filter wheel 4, an imaging lens 5, a reflecting mirror 8 and a small-surface source black body 9; wherein:
the focal plane detector 2 and the imaging lens 5 are sequentially arranged on the same optical path; the filter wheel 4 is positioned between the focal plane detector 2 and the imaging mirror 5, and the driving motor 3 is used for driving the filter wheel 4 to rotate; the reflecting mirror 8 is positioned behind the imaging mirror 5 and can cut in/remove the light path, the small-surface source black body 9 is parallel to the light path and can form a mutually perpendicular state with the imaging mirror 5 when the reflecting mirror 8 is cut in; the data acquisition processing computer 1 is used for acquiring the image of the focal plane detector 2 and analyzing and processing the acquired infrared image.
The focal plane detector 2 is a 640 multiplied by 512 area array refrigeration type focal plane detector with the working wave band of 8-14 mu m; the driving motor 3 is a small stepping driving motor; the filter wheel 4 is a filter wheel with 6 narrow-band filters (for example, the first filter can be represented by a filter a, the second filter b is represented by … …, and the sixth filter f) and the transmission peaks of the filters are: 8.590 μm, 10.347 μm, 10.530 μm, 10.567 μm, 10.744 μm, 13.825 μm, respectively, with half widths of 20nm,6 filters for detecting sulfur dioxide, butane, ethylene, sulfur hexafluoride, ammonia, and dichloromethane, respectively; the imaging lens 5 is an imaging lens with a field angle of 12 degrees multiplied by 9.6 degrees and a clear aperture of 60 mm; the double-cavity air chamber 6 is a double-cavity air chamber with the length of 1m, and the inner diameters of the two air chambers are 20cm; the large surface source black body 7 is a large surface source black body of 500mm×500 mm.
The method comprises the steps of setting a reflecting mirror 8 capable of cutting out/cutting in an optical path, wherein the reflecting mirror 8 is a reflecting mirror with the surface plated with a high reflecting film of 8-14 mu m, the size is 62mm multiplied by 86mm, the optical path of the reflecting mirror and the optical path of a multispectral infrared imaging gas cloud cluster concentration detection system form 45 degrees, the reflecting mirror 8 cuts in the optical path, radiation energy of a small-surface source black body 9 placed on the side surface enters a focal plane detector 2, different black body temperatures are set, and a filter wheel 4 rotates to obtain response values of a high-temperature black body and a low-temperature black body under different optical filters. And (5) calibrating according to the temperature of the small-surface source black body 9 to obtain the temperatures corresponding to different response values under different optical filters.
The reflecting mirror 8 cuts out the light path, and the system a or the system b directly detects the target gas cloud 10, and obtains the temperature and the response difference value of the gas cloud 10 and the background area 11 according to the response value of the focal plane detector 2. The system a and the system b, which are placed in the 90 ° direction of the gas cloud 10, acquire two infrared images of the gas cloud 10 at a mutually perpendicular angle, respectively, as shown in fig. 5 (left view is the system a, and right view is the system b).
According to the distance of the gas cloud 10 and the field angle of the imaging lens, the actual thickness of the gas cloud in two directions perpendicular to each other can be calculated from the occupied pixel area of the gas cloud 10 on the infrared image. According to the obtained temperature difference of the gas cloud 10 area and the background area 11, the response difference of the gas cloud 10 area and the background 11 area and the thickness of the gas cloud 10, the actual concentration of each pixel in two directions of the gas cloud 10 perpendicular to each other can be obtained from the calibration data of the corresponding gas.
The reflector 8 is a reflector with a surface plated with a high reflection film of 8-14 mu m, the size is 62mm multiplied by 86mm, and the reflector is placed at 45 degrees perpendicular to the optical path of the imaging lens; the facet source black body 9 is a 100mm×100mm facet source black body. The reflector 8 cuts into the light path, the temperature of the small-surface source black body 9 is designed to be 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃ and 60 ℃, the filter wheel 4 is rotated, and the responses of black bodies with different temperatures passing through different filters are respectively collected, so that the temperatures corresponding to the response values of the detector under the different filters are obtained.
After the temperature calibration is completed, the reflecting mirror 8 cuts out an optical path, and the multispectral infrared imaging system can carry out remote measurement on the concentration of the target gas. The temperature of the detector is increased during the working process, and the response value is shifted, so that the calibration of the temperature is carried out again every 30 minutes.
Two multispectral infrared imaging gas detection systems are arranged in the direction perpendicular to the gas cloud, ammonia cloud is detected, the distance between two devices and the cloud is assumed to be 100m, and the number of pixels occupied by a certain row of the gas cloud on an infrared image is 320 pixels and 160 pixels respectively. The angle of view occupied by a single pixel in the horizontal direction is: alpha H =12 °/640=0.01875°, 320 pixels and 160 pixels occupy angles of view of 6 ° and 3 °, the objectThe cloud is at a distance of 100m from the detection device, and the width of the cloud is 10.45m and 5.24m respectively. And obtaining the gas concentration of the cloud cluster with the thickness of 1m according to the calibration data by using the temperature difference value between the target cloud cluster and the background and the response difference value of the detector, and dividing the gas concentration by the thickness of the target cloud cluster with the thickness of 10.45m and 5.24m to obtain the actual concentration of the cloud cluster. The number of pixels of each row of the gas cloud on the infrared image is different, different cloud widths are obtained, and therefore the actual concentration of the gas cloud under different pixels is calculated.
Preferably, a set of infrared filters is added in front of the focal plane detector 2 to transmit or cut off the infrared absorption peak of the gas, so that the gas in the field of view can be distinguished without considering the gas and the background temperature.
As shown in fig. 1, the multispectral infrared imaging gas cloud cluster concentration detection system needs to be calibrated, and the calibration system consists of a data acquisition processing computer 1, a focal plane detector 2, a driving motor 3, a filter wheel 4, an imaging mirror 5, a double-cavity air chamber 6 and a large-surface source black body 7; wherein: the focal plane detector 2, the imaging mirror 5 and the large surface source black body 7 are sequentially arranged with the light path; the filter wheel 4 is positioned between the focal plane detector 2 and the imaging mirror 5, and the driving motor 3 is used for driving the filter wheel 4 to rotate; the double-cavity air chamber 6 is positioned between the imaging lens 5 and the large-area source black body 7; the data acquisition processing computer 1 is used for acquiring the image of the focal plane detector 2 and analyzing and processing the acquired infrared image.
The calibration method comprises the following steps:
through calculation, the volume of the double-cavity air chamber 6 is 31416cm 3 The air chambers are respectively filled with 31.416cm of volume at normal temperature and pressure 3 、62.832cm 3 、157.08cm 3 、314.16cm 3 、471.24cm 3 、628.32cm 3 、942.48cm 3 、1256.24cm 3 The concentration of the gas in the chamber is 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 3%, 4%, respectively.
The temperature of the large-area source black body 7 is set to be respectively higher than the ambient temperature of 1 ℃, 2 ℃, 3 ℃ and … … ℃, infrared images of sulfur dioxide, butane, ethylene, sulfur hexafluoride, ammonia and methylene dichloride gases with different concentrations at different temperatures are acquired, and the response difference of the detector at the temperature difference of 1 ℃, 2 ℃, 3 ℃ and … … ℃ of the sulfur dioxide, butane, ethylene, sulfur hexafluoride, ammonia and methylene dichloride gases with the concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 3% and 4% of the sulfur dioxide, butane, ethylene, sulfur hexafluoride, ammonia and methylene dichloride gases with the thickness of 1m of the gases can be obtained through data processing, and the data is the gas calibration data under the conditions of different gas-concentration-temperature.
Claims (10)
1. A multispectral infrared imaging gas cloud cluster concentration detection system is characterized in that:
the multispectral infrared imaging gas cloud cluster concentration detection system consists of a data acquisition processing computer (1), a focal plane detector (2), a driving motor (3), a filter wheel (4) and an imaging lens (5);
the focal plane detector (2) and the imaging lens (5) are sequentially arranged along the light path of the gas cloud cluster (10); the filter wheel (4) is positioned between the focal plane detector (2) and the imaging mirror (5), and the driving motor (3) is used for driving the filter wheel (4) to rotate; the data acquisition processing computer (1) is used for acquiring the image of the focal plane detector (2) and analyzing and processing the acquired infrared image; the focal plane detector (2) is a refrigeration type focal plane detector or a non-refrigeration focal plane detector; the driving motor (3) is a small stepping driving motor; a plurality of narrow-band filters corresponding to different types of gas absorption peaks are arranged on the filter wheel (4), the filters only penetrate near the gas absorption peaks, and other wave bands are cut off;
the multispectral infrared imaging gas cloud cluster concentration detection system is calibrated according to different types of gases, different concentrations and different temperatures, and the calibration system consists of a data acquisition processing computer (1), a focal plane detector (2), a driving motor (3), a filter wheel (4), an imaging mirror (5), a double-cavity air chamber (6) and a large-area source black body (7); wherein: the focal plane detector (2), the imaging mirror (5), the double-cavity air chamber (6) and the large-area source black body (7) are sequentially arranged on the same optical path; the filter wheel (4) is positioned between the focal plane detector (2) and the imaging mirror (5), and the driving motor (3) is used for driving the filter wheel (4) to rotate; the double-cavity air chamber (6) is positioned between the imaging lens (5) and the large-area source black body (7); the data acquisition processing computer (1) is used for acquiring the image of the focal plane detector (2) and analyzing and processing the acquired infrared image; the double-cavity air chamber (6) is used for filling different gases and simulating different concentrations; the large surface source black body (7) is used for simulating different background temperatures;
when the multispectral infrared imaging gas cloud cluster concentration detection system detects the gas cloud clusters (10), two sets of identical systems a and b which are perpendicular to the gas cloud clusters (10) to be detected are used for detection together, two infrared images of the gas cloud clusters (10) at the perpendicular angles are respectively acquired, so that the thickness of the gas cloud clusters at different pixel positions in the two perpendicular directions can be obtained, and the actual average concentration of the gas cloud clusters at different pixel positions can be obtained.
2. The multi-spectral infrared imaging gas cloud concentration detection system of claim 1, wherein:
the length of the double-cavity air chamber (6) is L 1 The two cavities are vacuumized, and according to the volume of the air chamber, the air chamber A is calibrated to be filled with a certain amount of air to be measured, and then nitrogen is filled into the air chamber A, so that the concentration of the air to be measured in the air chamber is C 1 The reference air chamber B is directly filled with nitrogen, and the pressure of the two cavities is 1 atmosphere;
the temperature of the gas is kept still for a certain time to be the ambient temperature, and the temperature of the large-area source black body (7) is respectively set to be higher than the ambient temperature delta T 1 、ΔT 2 、ΔT 3 ……；
Rotating an optical filter on a filter wheel (4) to a filter corresponding to the gas to be calibrated, collecting the infrared image at the moment, and calculating the response difference value of the infrared images of the region A of the calibration air chamber and the region B of the reference air chamber;
changing the concentration of A gas in the calibration gas chamber to C 2 、C 3 、C 4 … … at different gas and ambient temperature differences DeltaT 1 、ΔT 2 、ΔT 3 And … …, acquiring infrared images, and calculating the response difference value of the infrared images of the region A of the calibration air chamber and the region B of the reference air chamber to obtain a concentration calibration result.
3. The multispectral infrared imaging gas cloud concentration detection system of claim 2, wherein the calibration process comprises:
a) The filter wheel (4) stops at the position of the optical filter a, and the transmission wave band of the optical filter a corresponds to the absorption peak of the gas a; the double-cavity air chamber (6) is vacuumized, and the air chamber A is filled with the air with the concentration of C 1 The balance gas is nitrogen, the air chamber B is filled with nitrogen, and both air chambers keep one atmosphere; standing for a period of time, and setting the temperature of the large-area source black body (7) higher than the ambient temperature delta T when the gas in the gas chamber is consistent with the ambient temperature 1 The focal plane detector (2) acquires the current infrared image, and calculates the response difference between the infrared image seed gas chamber A area and the gas chamber B area as DeltaDN 111 ；
b) The temperature of the large-area source black bodies (7) is respectively set to be higher than the ambient temperature delta T 2 、ΔT 3 、ΔT 4 、ΔT 5 、ΔT 6 … … collecting infrared image at current temperature, calculating response difference between the gas chamber A region and the gas chamber B region of the infrared image, and obtaining gas a at C 1 Under the concentration and different background temperature differences, the response difference delta DN of the infrared image and the background of the gas cloud cluster 112 、ΔDN 113 、ΔDN 114 、ΔDN 115 、ΔDN 116 ……；
c) The double-cavity air chamber (6) is vacuumized, and the air chamber A is filled with the air with the concentration of C 2 The balance gas is nitrogen, the air chamber B is filled with nitrogen, and both air chambers keep one atmosphere; standing for a period of time, and setting the blackbody temperature higher than the ambient temperature delta T when the gas in the gas chamber is consistent with the ambient temperature 1 、ΔT 2 、ΔT 3 、ΔT 4 、ΔT 5 、ΔT 6 … … the focal plane detector (2) acquires the current infrared image, calculates the response difference DeltaDN between the region A of the infrared image seed gas chamber and the region B of the gas chamber 121 、ΔDN 122 、ΔDN 123 、ΔDN 124 、ΔDN 125 、ΔDN 126 ……；
d) Changing the concentration of A gas a in the calibration gas chamber to C 3 、C 4 、C 5 … at different ambient temperature differences DeltaT 1 、ΔT 2 、ΔT 3 Acquiring infrared images under …, and calculating response difference DeltaDN of infrared images of the region A of the calibration air chamber and the region B of the reference air chamber 131 、ΔDN 132 、ΔDN 133 、ΔDN 141 、ΔDN 142 、ΔDN 143 、ΔDN 151 、ΔDN 152 、ΔDN 153 ……；
e) The filter wheel (4) stops at the position of the filter b, and the transmission wave band of the filter b corresponds to the absorption peak of the gas b; the double-cavity air chamber (6) is vacuumized, and the air chamber A is filled with the air with the concentration of C 1 、C 2 、C 3 …, the balance gas is nitrogen, the air chamber B is filled with nitrogen, and both the air chambers are kept at one atmosphere; standing for a period of time, and respectively setting the temperature of the black body higher than the ambient temperature delta T when the gas in the gas chamber is consistent with the ambient temperature 1 、ΔT 2 、ΔT 3 … … collecting infrared image at current temperature, calculating response difference between the gas chamber A region and the gas chamber B region of the infrared image, and obtaining gas B at C 1 、C 2 、C 3 … … at different DeltaT 1 、ΔT 2 、ΔT 3 … … response difference DeltaDN between infrared image and background of gas cloud 211 、ΔDN 212 、ΔDN 213 、ΔDN 221 、ΔDN 222 、ΔDN 223 、ΔDN 231 、ΔDN 232 、ΔDN 233 ……；
f) The filter wheel (4) is provided with n optical filters, and the transmission wave band of each optical filter corresponds to the absorption peak of one gas; the filter wheels (4) are respectively stopped at different filter positions, and the air chamber A is filled with the materials with different concentrations C at the position of the filter n 1 、C 2 、C 3 … …, each gas concentration having a temperature difference of DeltaT between the blackbody and the environment 1 、ΔT 2 、ΔT 3 … … collecting infrared image at current temperature, calculating response difference between the region A and the region B of the seed gas chamber of the infrared image to obtain gas n at C 1 、C 2 、C 3 … … at different DeltaT 1 、ΔT 2 、ΔT 3 … … under the background temperature difference, airResponse difference DeltaDN of infrared image and background of cloud cluster n11 、ΔDN n12 、ΔDN n13 、ΔDN n21 、ΔDN n22 、ΔDN n23 、ΔDN n31 、ΔDN n32 、ΔDN n33 ……；
g) Each gas obtains the relation between the gases with different concentrations of the gas cavity thickness and different temperature differences, the gas cloud and the background response difference.
4. A multispectral infrared imaging gas cloud concentration detection system according to claim 3, wherein:
the gas types are replaced, the filter wheel (4) rotates to the corresponding filter, and different gases are calibrated, so that concentration calibration results of different gases can be obtained.
5. The multi-spectral infrared imaging gas cloud concentration detection system of claim 1, wherein:
the filter wheel (4) is provided with 6 narrow-band filters, the transmission peaks of the filters are 8.590 mu m, 10.347 mu m, 10.530 mu m, 10.567 mu m, 10.744 mu m and 13.825 mu m respectively, and the half-height widths of the filters are 20nm; the 6 optical filters are used for detecting sulfur dioxide, butane, ethylene, sulfur hexafluoride, ammonia and methylene dichloride respectively.
6. A multispectral infrared imaging gas cloud concentration detection system according to claim 3, wherein the calibration method comprises:
the double-cavity air chamber (6) is a double-cavity air chamber with the length of 1m, the inner diameters of the two air chambers are 20cm, and the air chambers are respectively filled with 31.416cm of volume at normal temperature and pressure 3 、62.832cm 3 、157.08cm 3 、314.16cm 3 、471.24cm 3 、628.32cm 3 、942.48cm 3 、1256.24cm 3 The concentration of the gas in the gas chamber is 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 3%, 4%, respectively;
the temperature of the large-area source black body (7) is set to be higher than the ambient temperature of 1 ℃, 2 ℃, 3 ℃ and … … ℃, infrared images of sulfur dioxide, butane, ethylene, sulfur hexafluoride, ammonia and methylene dichloride gases with different concentrations at different temperatures are acquired, and the response difference of the detector at the temperature of 1 ℃, 2 ℃, 3 ℃ and … … ℃ under the temperature difference of 1 ℃, 2 ℃, 3% and … … ℃ of sulfur dioxide, butane, ethylene, sulfur hexafluoride, ammonia and methylene dichloride gases with the concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 3% and 4% of the sulfur dioxide, butane, ethylene, sulfur hexafluoride, ammonia and methylene dichloride gases with the gas thickness of 1m can be obtained through data processing, and the data are the gas calibration data under the conditions of different gas-concentration-temperature.
7. The multi-spectral infrared imaging gas cloud concentration detection system of claim 1, wherein:
a reflecting mirror (8) capable of cutting out/cutting in a light path is arranged between the imaging mirror (5) and the gas cloud cluster (10), and the light path of the reflecting mirror (8) forms 45 degrees with the light path of the multispectral infrared imaging gas cloud cluster concentration detection system;
when the temperature is calibrated, firstly, a reflecting mirror (8) is cut into a light path, radiant energy of a small-surface source black body (9) placed on the side surface of the reflecting mirror enters a focal plane detector (2), the temperatures of different small-surface source black bodies (9) are set, and a filter light wheel (4) is rotated to obtain response values of a high-temperature black body and a low-temperature black body under different optical filters; according to the temperature calibration of the small-surface source black body (9), obtaining temperatures corresponding to different response values under different optical filters; and cutting the reflecting mirror (8) out of the light path after the temperature calibration is finished.
8. The multi-spectral infrared imaging gas cloud concentration detection system of claim 1, wherein:
the imaging lens (5) is an imaging lens with a field angle of 12 degrees multiplied by 9.6 degrees and a clear aperture of 60 mm;
the focal plane detector (2) is a 640 multiplied by 512 area array refrigeration type focal plane detector with the working wave band of 8-14 mu m;
the large surface source black body (7) is a large surface source black body with the thickness of 500mm multiplied by 500 mm.
The reflector (8) is a reflector with a surface plated with a high reflection film of 8-14 mu m, and the size is 62mm multiplied by 86mm.
9. The multi-spectral infrared imaging gas cloud concentration detection system of claim 7, wherein:
the temperature calibration is performed every 30 minutes.
10. A method for detecting the concentration of a multispectral infrared imaging gas cloud, which is characterized by comprising the multispectral infrared imaging gas cloud concentration detection system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, and the detection method comprises the following steps:
(1) Two sets of multispectral infrared imaging gas detection systems a and b are vertically arranged on a gas cloud cluster to be detected, a filter wheel (4) rotates, and infrared images of the gas cloud cluster and a background are respectively acquired;
(2) The type of the gas can be determined through the infrared images under different filter wheels, only the cloud clusters of the corresponding gas can be clearly imaged through the filter, and the cloud clusters of other gases have small differences from the background;
(3) The temperature difference value of the gas cloud cluster and the background and the response difference value of the gas cloud cluster and the background can be obtained through the infrared image, and the column concentration of the product of the gas concentration and the cloud cluster thickness can be obtained through inquiring the calibration data;
(4) The actual thickness of the gas cloud corresponding to each row of pixel positions can be obtained through the pixel number occupied by the gas cloud on the infrared image, so that the thickness of the gas cloud at different pixel positions in two vertical directions can be obtained;
(5) The obtained column concentration is divided by the actual thickness of the gas cloud in that direction, resulting in the actual average concentration of the gas cloud at different pixel locations.
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