CN116185826A - Test method, device, equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
本申请提供了一种测试方法、装置、设备及存储介质,能够简易、便捷且可视化地编排接口得到测试用例,降低软件测试门槛,提高软件测试效率,该方法包括:根据多个接口的信息,生成对应多个接口的多个接口调用标签,接收用户在画布中对所述多个接口调用标签的拖拽连线操作,得到一个对应多个接口的业务执行逻辑关系的第一功能测试用例,根据第一功能测试用例,生成json数据,执行json数据,对第一功能测试用例进行测试。
The application provides a testing method, device, equipment and storage medium, which can easily, conveniently and visually arrange interfaces to obtain test cases, lower the threshold of software testing, and improve the efficiency of software testing. The method includes: according to the information of multiple interfaces, generating a plurality of interface call tags corresponding to a plurality of interfaces, receiving a user's drag-and-drop connection operation on the plurality of interface call tags in the canvas, and obtaining a first functional test case corresponding to a business execution logic relationship of a plurality of interfaces, According to the first functional test case, generate json data, execute the json data, and test the first functional test case.
Description
技术领域technical field
本申请涉及自动化测试领域,尤其涉及一种测试方法、装置、设备及存储介质。The present application relates to the field of automated testing, in particular to a testing method, device, equipment and storage medium.
背景技术Background technique
随着软件应用的领域越来越广泛,越来越多的公司面临着对软件的自动化测试需求。目前测试工程师可以借助不同的自动化测试框架或工具编写测试用例(即由软件的一个或多个接口组装成的功能),通过模拟运行用例,完成对软件的自动化测试。As the fields of software applications become more and more extensive, more and more companies are faced with the need for automated testing of software. At present, test engineers can write test cases (that is, functions assembled from one or more interfaces of the software) with the help of different automated test frameworks or tools, and complete the automated testing of the software by simulating and running the test cases.
然而,现有的自动化测试框架或工具都需要测试工程师学习相应自动化测试框架下的语言,以在不同的自动化测试框架下使用对应的语言,完成对测试用例的编写。因此,需要测试工程师具备一定的代码基础,软件测试门槛高,并且软件的测试用例都需要测试工程师以编码的形式进行编写,存在编写效率低,纠错修改困难的问题,也会影响测试效率。However, existing automated testing frameworks or tools require test engineers to learn the language under the corresponding automated testing framework, so as to use the corresponding language under different automated testing frameworks to complete the writing of test cases. Therefore, test engineers are required to have a certain code foundation, and the threshold for software testing is high, and software test cases need to be written by test engineers in the form of code. There are problems of low writing efficiency and difficulty in error correction and modification, which will also affect testing efficiency.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本申请提供了一种测试方法、装置、设备及存储介质,能够简易、便捷且可视化地编排接口得到测试用例,降低软件的测试门槛,提高软件测试效率。The present application provides a test method, device, equipment and storage medium, which can easily, conveniently and visually arrange interfaces to obtain test cases, lower the threshold of software test, and improve the efficiency of software test.
第一方面,本申请提供了一种测试方法,该方法包括:In a first aspect, the application provides a test method, the method comprising:
根据多个接口的信息,生成对应所述多个接口的多个接口调用标签;generating a plurality of interface call labels corresponding to the plurality of interfaces according to the information of the plurality of interfaces;
接收用户在画布中对所述多个接口调用标签的拖拽连线操作,得到一个对应所述多个接口的业务执行逻辑关系的第一功能测试用例;receiving the user's drag-and-drop connection operation on the plurality of interface calling labels in the canvas, and obtaining a first functional test case corresponding to the business execution logic relationship of the plurality of interfaces;
根据所述第一功能测试用例,生成json数据;Generate json data according to the first functional test case;
执行所述json数据,对所述第一功能测试用例进行测试。Execute the json data to test the first functional test case.
进一步地,接收用户在画布中对所述多个接口调用标签的拖拽连线操作,得到一个对应所述多个接口的业务执行逻辑关系的第一功能测试用例,还包括:Further, receiving a user's drag-and-drop connection operation on the plurality of interface call tags in the canvas to obtain a first functional test case corresponding to the business execution logic relationship of the plurality of interfaces, further comprising:
接收用户在画布中对所述多个接口调用标签、以及至少一个控制器对应的控制器调用标签的拖拽连线操作,得到一个对应所述多个接口和所述至少一个控制器的业务执行逻辑关系的第一功能测试用例;receiving a user's drag-and-drop connection operation on the plurality of interface call tags and the controller call tag corresponding to at least one controller in the canvas, and obtaining a service execution corresponding to the plurality of interfaces and the at least one controller The first functional test case of the logical relationship;
其中,所述控制器包括循环控制器、条件控制器、延时控制器、参数提取器。Wherein, the controller includes a loop controller, a condition controller, a delay controller, and a parameter extractor.
进一步地,所述方法还包括:Further, the method also includes:
接收用户在画布中对多个功能测试用例对应的功能测试用例标签的拖拽连线操作,得到一个对应所述多个功能测试用例的业务执行逻辑关系的场景测试用例,其中所述多个功能测试用例中包括所述第一功能测试用例;Receive the user's drag-and-drop connection operation on the functional test case labels corresponding to the multiple functional test cases in the canvas, and obtain a scenario test case corresponding to the business execution logic relationship of the multiple functional test cases, wherein the multiple functional test cases The test case includes the first functional test case;
根据所述场景测试用例,生成json数据;Generate json data according to the scenario test case;
执行所述json数据,对所述场景测试用例进行测试。Execute the json data to test the scenario test case.
进一步地,所述接口信息包括以下中的一项或多项:Further, the interface information includes one or more of the following:
接口名称,请求路径,请求参数,请求头。Interface name, request path, request parameters, request header.
进一步地,所述对所述第一功能测试用例进行测试后,还包括:Further, after the testing of the first functional test case, it also includes:
若对第一功能测试用例进行测试后出现错误,对所述第一功能测试用例中出错的接口进行报错。If an error occurs after the first functional test case is tested, an error is reported to the error interface in the first functional test case.
第二方面,本申请提供了一种用例测试装置,该装置包括:In a second aspect, the application provides a use case testing device, the device comprising:
处理模块,用于根据多个接口的信息,生成对应所述多个接口的多个接口调用标签;A processing module, configured to generate a plurality of interface call labels corresponding to the plurality of interfaces according to the information of the plurality of interfaces;
获取模块,用于接收用户在画布中对所述多个接口调用标签的拖拽连线操作,得到一个对应所述多个接口的业务执行逻辑关系的第一功能测试用例;An acquisition module, configured to receive a user's drag-and-drop connection operation on the plurality of interface call tags in the canvas, and obtain a first functional test case corresponding to the business execution logic relationship of the plurality of interfaces;
所述处理模块,还用于根据所述第一功能测试用例,生成json数据;执行所述json数据,对所述第一功能测试用例进行测试。The processing module is further configured to generate json data according to the first functional test case; execute the json data to test the first functional test case.
进一步地,所述获取模块接收用户在画布中对所述多个接口调用标签的拖拽连线操作,得到一个对应所述多个接口的业务执行逻辑关系的第一功能测试用例时,具体用于:Further, when the acquisition module receives the user's drag-and-drop connection operation on the plurality of interface call tags in the canvas, and obtains a first functional test case corresponding to the business execution logic relationship of the plurality of interfaces, the specific use At:
接收用户在画布中对所述多个接口调用标签、以及至少一个控制器对应的控制器调用标签的拖拽连线操作,得到一个对应所述多个接口和所述至少一个控制器的业务执行逻辑关系的第一功能测试用例;其中,所述控制器包括循环控制器、条件控制器、延时控制器、参数提取器。receiving a user's drag-and-drop connection operation on the plurality of interface call tags and the controller call tag corresponding to at least one controller in the canvas, and obtaining a service execution corresponding to the plurality of interfaces and the at least one controller A first functional test case of a logical relationship; wherein, the controller includes a loop controller, a condition controller, a delay controller, and a parameter extractor.
进一步地,所述处理模块,还用于:Further, the processing module is also used for:
接收用户在画布中对多个功能测试用例对应的功能测试用例标签的拖拽连线操作,得到一个对应所述多个功能测试用例的业务执行逻辑关系的场景测试用例,其中所述多个功能测试用例中包括所述第一功能测试用例;Receive the user's drag-and-drop connection operation on the functional test case labels corresponding to the multiple functional test cases in the canvas, and obtain a scenario test case corresponding to the business execution logic relationship of the multiple functional test cases, wherein the multiple functional test cases The test case includes the first functional test case;
根据所述场景测试用例,生成json数据;Generate json data according to the scenario test case;
执行所述json数据,对所述场景测试用例进行测试。Execute the json data to test the scenario test case.
进一步地,所述接口信息包括以下中的一项或多项:Further, the interface information includes one or more of the following:
接口名称,请求路径,请求参数,请求头。Interface name, request path, request parameters, request header.
进一步地,所述处理模块对所述第一功能测试用例进行测试后,还用于:Further, after the processing module tests the first functional test case, it is also used to:
若对第一功能测试用例进行测试后出现错误,对所述第一功能测试用例中出错的接口进行报错。If an error occurs after the first functional test case is tested, an error is reported to the error interface in the first functional test case.
第三方面,本申请提供了一种电子设备,所述电子设备至少包括处理器和存储器,所述处理器执行所述存储器中存储的计算机程序或指令时,实现上述第一方面的方法。In a third aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, the electronic device includes at least a processor and a memory, and when the processor executes a computer program or an instruction stored in the memory, the method of the first aspect above is realized.
第四方面,本申请提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,其存储有计算机程序或指令,所述计算机程序或指令被处理器执行时,实现上述第一方面的方法。In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer programs or instructions, and when the computer programs or instructions are executed by a processor, the method in the above-mentioned first aspect is realized.
本申请中通过根据多个接口的信息,生成对应多个接口的多个接口调用标签,接收用户在画布中对所述多个接口调用标签的拖拽连线操作,得到一个对应多个接口的业务执行逻辑关系的第一功能测试用例,根据第一功能测试用例中各个接口的节点关系生成相应的json数据,执行该json数据,对该第一功能测试用例进行测试,能够简易、便捷且可视化地编排接口得到测试用例,降低软件的测试门槛,提高软件测试效率。In this application, multiple interface call labels corresponding to multiple interfaces are generated according to the information of multiple interfaces, and a user's drag-and-drop connection operation on the multiple interface call labels in the canvas is received to obtain one corresponding to multiple interfaces. For the first functional test case of the business execution logic relationship, generate corresponding json data according to the node relationship of each interface in the first functional test case, execute the json data, and test the first functional test case, which can be simple, convenient and visualized The test case can be obtained by arranging the interface in a timely manner, lowering the threshold of software testing and improving the efficiency of software testing.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简要介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For Those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without making creative efforts.
图1为本申请中提供的一种测试方法的流程图。Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a testing method provided in this application.
图2为本申请中提供的一种可视化拖拽得到功能测试用例的示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a visual drag-and-drop functional test case provided in this application.
图3为本申请中提供的一种测试用例可视化构建系统的架构图。FIG. 3 is an architecture diagram of a test case visualization construction system provided in this application.
图4为本申请中提供的一种测试用例可视化构建方法的流程图。FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a test case visualization construction method provided in this application.
图5为本申请中提供的一种测试装置的结构示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a test device provided in this application.
图6本申请中提供的一种电子设备结构示意图。FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in this application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本申请的目的和实施方式更加清楚,下面将结合本申请示例性实施例中的附图,对本申请示例性实施方式进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,描述的示例性实施例仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。In order to make the purpose and implementation of the application clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the exemplary implementation of the application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the exemplary embodiment of the application. Obviously, the described exemplary embodiment is only the present application. Claim some of the examples, not all of them.
需要说明的是,本申请中对于术语的简要说明,仅是为了方便理解接下来描述的实施方式,而不是意图限定本申请的实施方式。除非另有说明,这些术语应当按照其普通和通常的含义理解。It should be noted that the brief description of the terms in this application is only for the convenience of understanding the implementations described below, and is not intended to limit the implementations of this application. These terms are to be understood according to their ordinary and usual meaning unless otherwise stated.
本申请中说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等是用于区别类似或同类的对象或文本实体,而不必然意味着限定特定的顺序或先后次序,除非另外注明。应该理解这样使用的用语在适当情况下可以互换。The terms "first", "second", and "third" in the description and claims of this application and the above drawings are used to distinguish similar or similar objects or textual entities, and do not necessarily mean limiting specific sequence or sequence, unless otherwise noted. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances.
术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形,意图在于覆盖但不排他的包含,例如,包含了一系列组件的产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的所有组件,而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些产品或设备固有的其它组件。The terms "comprising" and "having", as well as any variations thereof, are intended to be inclusive but not exclusive, for example, a product or device comprising a series of components is not necessarily limited to all components expressly listed, but may include not expressly listed other components listed or inherent to these products or equipment.
术语“模块”是指任何已知或后来开发的硬件、软件、固件、人工智能、模糊逻辑或硬件或/和软件代码的组合,能够执行与该元件相关的功能。The term "module" refers to any known or later developed hardware, software, firmware, artificial intelligence, fuzzy logic, or combination of hardware or/and software code capable of performing the function associated with that element.
随着软件应用的领域越来越广泛,越来越多的公司面临着对软件的自动化测试需求。目前测试工程师可以借助不同的自动化测试框架或工具来实现对软件的自动化测试。As the fields of software applications become more and more extensive, more and more companies are faced with the need for automated testing of software. At present, test engineers can use different automated testing frameworks or tools to realize automated testing of software.
表1Table 1
如表1所示,表1为自动化测试编写用例常用的框架以及实现技术。目前主流的自动化测试框架有机器人框架(Robot Framework,RF)、功能测试工具(Quick TestProfessional,QTP)、Jmeter以及Cucumber等。对于每一种自动化测试框架,测试工程师需要学习该自动化测试框架下的语言,完成对测试用例的编写。另外,测试工程师也可以使用常见的语言Python、shell、java工具直接编写用于测试软件的测试用例。总之,编写测试用例都需要测试工程师具备一定的代码基础,通过编写代码的形式获得测试用例,这导致相同类型的测试用例可能存在重复编码的过程,当需要编写大量测试用例时或者一个测试用例中包含的接口数量很多时,编码过程费时费力,而且由于测试用例都是代码形成呈现给测试工程师的,在出现错误时,需要测试工程师逐条检查代码,纠错效率低下。As shown in Table 1, Table 1 is the framework and implementation techniques commonly used in writing test cases for automated testing. At present, the mainstream automated testing frameworks include Robot Framework (Robot Framework, RF), functional testing tools (Quick Test Professional, QTP), Jmeter, and Cucumber. For each automated testing framework, test engineers need to learn the language under the automated testing framework to complete the writing of test cases. In addition, test engineers can also use common languages Python, shell, and java tools to directly write test cases for testing software. In short, writing test cases requires test engineers to have a certain code foundation, and obtain test cases by writing code, which may lead to repeated coding processes for the same type of test cases. When a large number of test cases need to be written or in a test case When the number of interfaces included is large, the coding process is time-consuming and laborious, and since the test cases are all coded and presented to the test engineer, when an error occurs, the test engineer needs to check the code one by one, and the error correction efficiency is low.
基于此,本申请提供了一种测试方法、装置、设备及存储介质,以期简易、便捷且可视化地编排接口得到测试用例,降低软件的测试门槛,提高软件测试效率。Based on this, the application provides a testing method, device, equipment and storage medium, in order to simply, conveniently and visually arrange interfaces to obtain test cases, lower the threshold of software testing, and improve the efficiency of software testing.
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种测试方法的流程图,该方法可以应用于电子设备,该方法包括:Fig. 1 is the flow chart of a kind of test method that the embodiment of the present application provides, and this method can be applied to electronic equipment, and this method comprises:
S101:根据多个接口的信息,生成对应所述多个接口的多个接口调用标签。S101: Generate multiple interface call labels corresponding to the multiple interfaces according to the information of the multiple interfaces.
在对软件的测试过程中,用户可以将需要进行测试的软件的多个接口的信息输入到电子设备中,电子设备在接收到用户输入多个接口的信息后,即可根据多个接口的信息,生成对应多个接口的多个接口调用标签。作为一种示例,用户可以将接口的信息(如接口名称,请求路径,请求参数,请求头,接口的功能等信息)输入到电子设备中,电子设备可以根据接口的名称或接口的功能等,在画布上生成该接口的接口调用标签。例如:接口的功能为“登录”,则电子设备可以在画布中生成名称为“登录”的接口调用标签,该接口调用标签与接口的信息(如接口名称,请求路径,请求参数,请求头,接口的功能等信息)相关联,电子设备可以通过接口调用标签关联的接口信息实现对接口的调用或模拟调用。In the process of testing the software, the user can input the information of multiple interfaces of the software to be tested into the electronic device. After receiving the information of the multiple interfaces input by the user, the electronic device can , generating multiple interface call labels corresponding to multiple interfaces. As an example, the user can input interface information (such as interface name, request path, request parameters, request header, interface functions, etc.) into the electronic device, and the electronic device can Generate the interface call label of this interface on the canvas. For example, if the function of the interface is "login", the electronic device can generate an interface call label named "login" in the canvas, and the interface call label and the information of the interface (such as interface name, request path, request parameters, request header, Information such as the function of the interface), the electronic device can realize the call or simulate call of the interface through the interface information associated with the interface call label.
S102:接收用户在画布中对所述多个接口调用标签的拖拽连线操作,得到一个对应所述多个接口的业务执行逻辑关系的第一功能测试用例。S102: Receive a user's drag-and-drop connection operation on the plurality of interface call tags in the canvas, and obtain a first functional test case corresponding to the business execution logic relationship of the plurality of interfaces.
电子设备接收用户在前端显示的画布中对多个接口调用标签的拖拽连线操作,即可得到一个第一功能测试用例,该第一功能测试用例对应按照实现该功能的业务逻辑关系编排的多个接口。The electronic device receives the user's drag-and-drop connection operation on multiple interface call labels in the canvas displayed on the front end, and then obtains a first functional test case, which corresponds to the business logic relationship that implements the function. multiple interfaces.
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种可视化拖拽得到功能测试用例的示意图。如图2所示,左侧为用于构建用例的功能目录,功能目录中包括:起点、接口、接口池、循环控制器、参数提取、断言、脚本文件、结束等选项。用户可以点击接口选项,录入待测试接口的信息,电子设备可以根据用户录入的接口的信息,在右侧的画布中生成相应的接口调用标签(如用户录入公共登录的接口的信息、加载事件类型层级搜索的接口信息,电子设备在右侧的画布中生成相应的公共登录的接口调用标签、加载事件类型层级搜索的接口调用标签),也可以点击起点、结束等选项,画布中会生成对应的起点、终点等逻辑节点标签。在画布中,用户可以可视化地拖拽一个或多个接口调用标签和一个或多个逻辑节点标签,将一个或多个接口调用标签和一个或多个逻辑节点标签编排好,便得到一个功能测试用例。如图2中展示了一个用于测试登录并提取参数的功能测试用例,该功能测试用例由用户在画布中可视化拖拽相应的接口调用标签和逻辑节点标签构成,该功能测试用例的业务逻辑关系在画布中依次显示为:“起点”逻辑节点标签(用于开始用例)、“公共登录”接口调用标签(用于测试公共登录接口进行登录操作)、“加载事件类型层级搜索”接口调用标签(用于测试加载事件类型层级搜索接口加载并搜索数据操作)、“参数提取”逻辑节点标签(用于提取上一个接口搜索到的数据)、“断言”逻辑节点标签(用于判断上一个搜索到的数据是否和预期数据一致,其中预期数据可以预先配置在断言的检验参数中)、“终点”逻辑节点标签(用于结束用例)。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a visual drag-and-drop function test case provided by the embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 2, the left side is the function directory for building use cases. The function directory includes: starting point, interface, interface pool, loop controller, parameter extraction, assertion, script file, end and other options. The user can click the interface option to enter the information of the interface to be tested, and the electronic device can generate corresponding interface call labels in the canvas on the right according to the interface information entered by the user (such as the information of the public login interface entered by the user, the loading event type For the interface information of hierarchical search, the electronic device will generate the corresponding interface call label for public login and the interface call label for loading event type hierarchical search) in the canvas on the right. You can also click the start point, end and other options, and the corresponding Logical node labels such as start point and end point. In the canvas, the user can visually drag and drop one or more interface call labels and one or more logical node labels, arrange one or more interface call labels and one or more logical node labels, and obtain a functional test Example. Figure 2 shows a functional test case for testing login and extracting parameters. The functional test case is composed of the user visually dragging and dropping the corresponding interface call label and logical node label in the canvas. The business logic relationship of the functional test case Displayed in sequence in the canvas are: "Start" logical node label (used to start the use case), "public login" interface call label (used to test the public login interface for login operation), "load event type hierarchical search" interface call label ( It is used to test the loading event type hierarchical search interface load and search data operation), "parameter extraction" logical node label (used to extract the data searched by the previous interface), "assertion" logical node label (used to judge the last searched Whether the data is consistent with the expected data, where the expected data can be pre-configured in the test parameters of the assertion), the "end" logical node label (used to end the use case).
S103:根据所述第一功能测试用例,生成json数据。S103: Generate json data according to the first functional test case.
电子设备根据用户在画布中拖拽生成的功能测试用例的节点关系生成json数据。其中,功能测试用例的json数据中至少包含节点关系和节点信息,在节点关系中,对于每一个节点可以都有三类数据源节点(source)、目标节点(target)、类型(type),source数据中记录着源节点的身份标识号(identity document,id),target数据中记录着目标节点的id,type数据中记录着源节点与目标节点的连接关系类型,其中连接关系类型可以包括单向连接、双向连接等,例如type为hvh时,表示为源节点与目标节点的连接关系类型为单向连接。The electronic device generates json data according to the node relationship of the functional test case generated by dragging and dropping by the user in the canvas. Among them, the json data of the functional test case contains at least node relationship and node information. In the node relationship, for each node, there can be three types of data source node (source), target node (target), type (type), source data The identity document (id) of the source node is recorded in the target data, the id of the target node is recorded in the target data, and the connection relationship type between the source node and the target node is recorded in the type data, where the connection relationship type can include a one-way connection , two-way connection, etc., for example, when the type is hvh, it means that the connection relationship type between the source node and the target node is a one-way connection.
在节点信息中,记录有该功能测试用例中每一个节点的节点id、节点标签(label)以及节点的信息等,其中节点标签包括接口调用标签和逻辑节点标签等中的一种,若该节点对应接口调用标签,节点的信息包括接口名称,请求路径,请求参数,请求头,接口的功能等信息;若该节点对应逻辑节点标签,节点的信息包括该逻辑节点的相关预设参数。In the node information, the node id, node label (label) and node information of each node in the functional test case are recorded, wherein the node label includes one of the interface call label and logical node label, etc., if the node Corresponding to the interface call label, the node information includes the interface name, request path, request parameters, request header, interface function and other information; if the node corresponds to the logical node label, the node information includes the relevant preset parameters of the logical node.
以图2所示功能测试用例中的起点与公共登录两节点的节点关系为例,在json数据的节点关系中记录有source:“start1”、target:“loadcase1655978104633”以及type:“hvh”,而在json数据的节点信息中记录有id为“start1”的节点对应的label为“起点”,id为“loadcase1655978104633”的节点对应的label为“公共-登录”,综合json数据中节点关系与节点信息记录的数据可以得到“起点”单向连接“公共-登录”。同样的,电子设备能够从json数据中读取到每个节点之间的连接关系以及每一个节点的信息,并根据每个节点之间的连接关系以及每一个节点的信息完成对第一功能测试用例的测试。其中,节点的id可以是电子设备为节点或节点对应的标签赋予的。Taking the node relationship between the starting point and the public login node in the functional test case shown in Figure 2 as an example, the node relationship of the json data records source: "start1", target: "loadcase1655978104633" and type: "hvh", and In the node information of the json data, it is recorded that the label corresponding to the node with the id "start1" is "starting point", and the label corresponding to the node with the id "loadcase1655978104633" is "public-login", and the node relationship and node information in the integrated json data Recorded data can be obtained from "origin" one-way connection "public-login". Similarly, the electronic device can read the connection relationship between each node and the information of each node from the json data, and complete the first functional test according to the connection relationship between each node and the information of each node Use case testing. Wherein, the id of the node may be assigned by the electronic device to the node or a label corresponding to the node.
S104:执行所述json数据,对所述第一功能测试用例进行测试。S104: Execute the json data to test the first functional test case.
电子设备得到json数据,即可根据json数据记录的节点关系以及多个节点的信息,依次执行各节点对应的操作(如依次调用各节点对应的接口等),从而实现对第一功能测试用例的测试,并可以在测试后会生成测试报告。After the electronic device obtains the json data, it can sequentially execute operations corresponding to each node (such as sequentially calling interfaces corresponding to each node, etc.) according to the node relationship recorded in the json data and the information of multiple nodes, so as to implement the first functional test case. Test, and can generate a test report after the test.
在一种可能的实现中,电子设备执行json数据,对第一功能测试用例进行测试,包括:In a possible implementation, the electronic device executes the json data to test the first functional test case, including:
使用RF转换引擎将json数据转换为执行脚本,并使用RF执行引擎执行该执行脚本,对第一功能测试用例进行测试。其中,RF转换引擎用于获取json数据中每个节点的节点关系以及节点的信息,并将每个节点的节点关系以及节点的信息输入到预先编译的robot文件模板下,得到RF自动化测试框架下可识别的robot文件(即执行脚本),RF执行引擎用于运行robot文件,即可完成对第一功能测试用例的测试。Using the RF conversion engine to convert the json data into an execution script, and using the RF execution engine to execute the execution script to test the first functional test case. Among them, the RF conversion engine is used to obtain the node relationship and node information of each node in the json data, and input the node relationship and node information of each node into the pre-compiled robot file template to obtain the RF automated test framework. An identifiable robot file (that is, an execution script), and the RF execution engine is used to run the robot file to complete the test of the first functional test case.
在一种可能的实施方式中,通过上述方式,可以json数据转换为QTP、Jmeter以及Cucumber自动化测试框架下的执行脚本,完成对第一功能测试用例的测试。In a possible implementation manner, through the above method, the json data can be converted into execution scripts under the QTP, Jmeter and Cucumber automated test frameworks to complete the test of the first functional test case.
本申请中通过根据多个接口的信息,生成对应多个接口的多个接口调用标签,接收用户在画布中对所述多个接口调用标签的拖拽连线操作,得到一个对应多个接口的业务执行逻辑关系的第一功能测试用例,根据第一功能测试用例中各个接口的节点关系生成相应的json数据,执行该json数据,对该第一功能测试用例进行测试,能够简易、便捷且可视化地编排接口得到测试用例,降低软件的测试门槛,提高软件测试效率。In this application, multiple interface call labels corresponding to multiple interfaces are generated according to the information of multiple interfaces, and a user's drag-and-drop connection operation on the multiple interface call labels in the canvas is received to obtain one corresponding to multiple interfaces. For the first functional test case of the business execution logic relationship, generate corresponding json data according to the node relationship of each interface in the first functional test case, execute the json data, and test the first functional test case, which can be simple, convenient and visualized The test case can be obtained by arranging the interface in a timely manner, lowering the threshold of software testing and improving the efficiency of software testing.
进一步地,接收用户在画布中对所述多个接口调用标签的拖拽连线操作,得到一个对应所述多个接口的业务执行逻辑关系的第一功能测试用例,包括:Further, receiving the user's drag-and-drop connection operation on the plurality of interface call tags in the canvas, and obtaining a first functional test case corresponding to the business execution logic relationship of the plurality of interfaces, including:
接收用户在画布中对所述多个接口调用标签、以及至少一个控制器对应的控制器调用标签的拖拽连线操作,得到一个对应所述多个接口和所述至少一个控制器的业务执行逻辑关系的第一功能测试用例;receiving a user's drag-and-drop connection operation on the plurality of interface call tags and the controller call tag corresponding to at least one controller in the canvas, and obtaining a service execution corresponding to the plurality of interfaces and the at least one controller The first functional test case of the logical relationship;
其中,所述控制器包括循环控制器、条件控制器、延时控制器、参数提取器等。Wherein, the controller includes a loop controller, a condition controller, a delay controller, a parameter extractor and the like.
为了更好地实现功能测试用例的多样化和可行性,除了点击接口选项录入接口的信息生成的接口调用标签以及“起点”、“终点”等逻辑节点标签,还有多种控制器调用标签可以作为一个新的节点添加到功能测试用例中,以达到用户预期的测试效果,其中,多种控制器调用标签可以包括循环控制器调用标签、条件控制器调用标签、延时控制器调用标签、参数提取器调用标签等中的一项或多项,与接口调用标签的实现原理一致,用户使用多种控制器调用标签中的任一种控制器调用标签只需要点击相应的控制器选项,并设置该控制器的基本参数,画布中生成相应功能的控制器调用标签。In order to better realize the diversification and feasibility of functional test cases, in addition to the interface call label generated by clicking the interface option to enter the information of the interface and logical node labels such as "start point" and "end point", there are also a variety of controller call labels that can be used. As a new node, it is added to the functional test case to achieve the user's expected test effect. Among them, various controller call tags can include loop controller call tags, conditional controller call tags, delay controller call tags, parameters One or more of the extractor call tags, etc., are consistent with the implementation principle of the interface call tags. Users only need to click the corresponding controller option to use any of the various controller call tags, and set The basic parameters of the controller, and the controller calling label of the corresponding function is generated in the canvas.
在上述各个实施例的基础上,在本申请实施例中,所述方法还包括:On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, in the embodiment of the present application, the method further includes:
接收用户在画布中对多个功能测试用例对应的功能测试用例标签的拖拽连线操作,得到一个对应所述多个功能测试用例的业务执行逻辑关系的场景测试用例,其中所述多个功能测试用例中包括所述第一功能测试用例;Receive the user's drag-and-drop connection operation on the functional test case labels corresponding to the multiple functional test cases in the canvas, and obtain a scenario test case corresponding to the business execution logic relationship of the multiple functional test cases, wherein the multiple functional test cases The test case includes the first functional test case;
根据所述场景测试用例,生成json数据;Generate json data according to the scenario test case;
执行所述json数据,对所述场景测试用例进行测试。Execute the json data to test the scenario test case.
为了满足更复杂、多样的业务需求,在实现一个复杂的场景业务时,可能需要多个功能测试用例共同完成该场景业务。用户可以使用已经保存的功能测试用例的功能测试用例标签或者待测试的第一功能测试用例的功能测试用例标签进行拖拽连线,得到一个由多个功能测试用例组成的场景测试用例。接收画布中场景测试用例的业务逻辑关系,生成json数据,根据json数据中记录的业务逻辑关系生成相应的执行脚本文件,通过运行该执行脚本文件对场景测试用例进行测试。In order to meet more complex and diverse business requirements, when implementing a complex scenario business, multiple functional test cases may be required to jointly complete the scenario business. The user can use the functional test case label of the saved functional test case or the functional test case label of the first functional test case to be tested to drag and drop a connection to obtain a scenario test case composed of multiple functional test cases. Receive the business logic relationship of the scenario test case in the canvas, generate json data, generate the corresponding execution script file according to the business logic relationship recorded in the json data, and test the scenario test case by running the execution script file.
可选地,电子设备在接收到用户录入的单个接口的信息后,可以根据用户选择的测试项目生成对应的接口用例,用于测试该接口是否能够实现用户选择的测试项目。Optionally, after receiving the information of a single interface entered by the user, the electronic device may generate a corresponding interface use case according to the test item selected by the user, for testing whether the interface can realize the test item selected by the user.
在上述各个实施例的基础上,为了便于用户快速找到出错位置,所述对所述第一功能测试用例进行测试后,还包括:On the basis of each of the above embodiments, in order to facilitate the user to quickly find the error location, after the test of the first functional test case, it also includes:
若对第一功能测试用例进行测试后出现错误,对所述第一功能测试用例中出错的接口进行报错。If an error occurs after the first functional test case is tested, an error is reported to the error interface in the first functional test case.
在运行对于第一功能测试用例的执行脚本文件进行测试后,会生成相应的日志文件,若出现错误,可以将出错的位置在对应画布中的接口调用标签上进行显示。After running the execution script file for the first functional test case, a corresponding log file will be generated. If an error occurs, the location of the error can be displayed on the interface call label in the corresponding canvas.
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种测试用例可视化构建系统的架构图。如图3所示,系统包括展示层、业务接口层、业务逻辑层、数据库访问、数据库存储、服务器,其中展示层主要由Angular框架(Angular框架包含html、css、ts(TypeScript)函数,是一种用于构建客户端应用的框架)和G6画布构成,展示层用于为客户展示平台界面以及进行拖拽、录入信息等互动操作提供可视化界面;业务接口层主要由Django(Django是一个开放源代码的Web应用框架)框架和py(python)函数构成;业务逻辑层由用例管理、用例编排、执行引擎、任务处理(由Celery实现该模块,Celery是一个简单,灵活且可靠的分布式系统)、任务队列(由Redis实现该模块,Redis是完全开源的,遵守BSD协议,是一个高性能的key-value数据库)、报告模板构成,业务接口层和业务逻辑层主要负责接收展示层收集的用户录入的接口的信息,并进行用例编排、测试用例等操作,完成对功能测试用例、场景测试用例的构建和测试;数据库访问使用的接口是psycopg2(psycopg2是Python语言的PostgreSQL数据库接口),数据库存储部分使用的是postgresql(postgresql是一种特性非常齐全的自由软件的对象-关系型数据库管理系统)系统,数据库主要用于存储测试一些接口的信息、接口用例、场景测试用例以及测试功能测试用例或场景测试用例后的报告日志;服务器包括uwsgi服务器和nginx服务器,服务器主要用于根据业务层的需求,从数据库中请求相应的数据信息。FIG. 3 is an architecture diagram of a test case visualization construction system provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 3, the system includes a presentation layer, a business interface layer, a business logic layer, database access, database storage, and a server. The presentation layer is mainly composed of the Angular framework (the Angular framework includes html, css, ts (TypeScript) A framework for building client applications) and G6 canvas. The display layer is used to provide a visual interface for customers to display the platform interface and perform interactive operations such as dragging and entering information. The business interface layer is mainly composed of Django (Django is an open source Code Web application framework) frame and py (python) function; business logic layer consists of use case management, use case orchestration, execution engine, task processing (this module is implemented by Celery, Celery is a simple, flexible and reliable distributed system) , task queue (this module is implemented by Redis, Redis is completely open source, complies with the BSD protocol, and is a high-performance key-value database), report templates, business interface layer and business logic layer are mainly responsible for receiving users collected by the presentation layer Enter the information of the interface, and perform operations such as use case arrangement and test case, and complete the construction and testing of functional test cases and scenario test cases; the interface used for database access is psycopg2 (psycopg2 is a PostgreSQL database interface in Python language), and the database storage Part of the system uses postgresql (postgresql is a free software object-relational database management system with complete features). The database is mainly used to store and test some interface information, interface use cases, scenario test cases and test function test cases or The report log after the scenario test case; the server includes uwsgi server and nginx server, and the server is mainly used to request corresponding data information from the database according to the needs of the business layer.
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种测试用例可视化构建方法的流程图。如图4所示,测试用例编排及执行主要包含三个部分,分别为编排接口、功能测试用例以及场景测试用例三个部分组成,在编排接口部分,可以接收用户录入一个或多个接口的接口信息,并将一个或多个接口的接口信息输入到执行脚本模板中,生成对应的执行脚本,也可以接收用户输入的包含一个或多个接口的执行脚本,通过接口执行引擎运行上述执行脚本,模拟执行脚本中包含的一个或多个接口的调用过程,获取执行脚本中包含的一个或多个接口的调用测试结果,根据该调用测试结果完成对接口的调试。在获得多个调试好的接口后,对应每个接口生成一个接口调用标签,接收用户在前端显示的画布中对多个接口调用标签的拖拽连线操作(可选地,本方案使用jsplumb技术实现多个接口调用标签可视化拖拽编过程),得到一个功能测试用例,并生成该功能测试用例的json数据,调用RF转换引擎转换成执行脚本(即robot文件),使用RF执行引擎运行执行脚本,完成对功能测试用例的测试。进一步地,电子设备可以接收用户在画布中对多个功能测试用例对应的功能测试用例标签的拖拽连线操作,得到一个场景测试用例,调用Robot_Runner引擎,批量运行场景测试用例中包含的多个功能测试用例的执行脚本,完成一个复杂业务的测试。FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a test case visualization construction method provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 4, test case layout and execution mainly includes three parts, which are composed of three parts: layout interface, functional test case and scenario test case. In the layout interface part, users can input one or more interfaces. Information, and input the interface information of one or more interfaces into the execution script template to generate the corresponding execution script, or receive the execution script containing one or more interfaces input by the user, and run the above execution script through the interface execution engine, Simulate the calling process of one or more interfaces included in the execution script, obtain the call test result of one or more interfaces included in the execution script, and complete the debugging of the interface according to the call test result. After obtaining multiple debugged interfaces, generate an interface call label corresponding to each interface, and receive the user's drag-and-drop connection operation on multiple interface call labels in the canvas displayed on the front end (optionally, this solution uses jsplumb technology Realize multiple interface call labels (visual drag-and-drop editing process), get a functional test case, and generate the json data of the functional test case, call the RF conversion engine to convert it into an execution script (ie robot file), and use the RF execution engine to run the execution script , to complete the test of the functional test case. Further, the electronic device can receive the user's drag-and-drop connection operation on the functional test case tags corresponding to multiple functional test cases in the canvas, obtain a scenario test case, call the Robot_Runner engine, and run multiple scenarios contained in the scenario test cases in batches. The execution script of the functional test case completes the test of a complex business.
基于上述测试方法,本申请提供了一种测试装置,图5为本申请实施例提供的一种测试装置的结构示意图,该装置包括:Based on the above test method, the present application provides a test device, and Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a test device provided in an embodiment of the present application, the device comprising:
处理模块501,用于根据多个接口的信息,生成对应所述多个接口的多个接口调用标签;A
获取模块502,用于接收用户在画布中对所述多个接口调用标签的拖拽连线操作,得到一个对应所述多个接口的业务执行逻辑关系的第一功能测试用例;The
所述处理模块501,还用于根据所述第一功能测试用例,生成json数据;执行所述json数据,对所述第一功能测试用例进行测试。The
进一步地,所述处理模块501执行所述json数据,对所述第一功能测试用例进行测试时,具体用于:Further, when the
将所述json数据转换为执行脚本;Convert the json data into an execution script;
运行所述执行脚本,对所述第一功能测试用例进行测试。Running the execution script to test the first functional test case.
进一步地,所述获取模块502接收用户在画布中对所述多个接口调用标签的拖拽连线操作,得到一个对应所述多个接口的业务执行逻辑关系的第一功能测试用例时,还用于:Further, when the
接收用户在画布中对所述多个接口调用标签、以及至少一个控制器对应的控制器调用标签的拖拽连线操作,得到一个对应所述多个接口和所述至少一个控制器的业务执行逻辑关系的第一功能测试用例;其中,所述控制器包括循环控制器、条件控制器、延时控制器、参数提取器。receiving a user's drag-and-drop connection operation on the plurality of interface call tags and the controller call tag corresponding to at least one controller in the canvas, and obtaining a service execution corresponding to the plurality of interfaces and the at least one controller A first functional test case of a logical relationship; wherein, the controller includes a loop controller, a condition controller, a delay controller, and a parameter extractor.
进一步地,所述处理模块501,还用于:Further, the
接收用户在画布中对多个功能测试用例对应的功能测试用例标签的拖拽连线操作,得到一个对应所述多个功能测试用例的业务执行逻辑关系的场景测试用例,其中所述多个功能测试用例中包括所述第一功能测试用例;Receive the user's drag-and-drop connection operation on the functional test case labels corresponding to the multiple functional test cases in the canvas, and obtain a scenario test case corresponding to the business execution logic relationship of the multiple functional test cases, wherein the multiple functional test cases The test case includes the first functional test case;
根据所述场景测试用例,生成json数据;Generate json data according to the scenario test case;
执行所述json数据,对所述场景测试用例进行测试。Execute the json data to test the scenario test case.
进一步地,所述接口信息包括以下中的一项或多项:Further, the interface information includes one or more of the following:
接口名称,请求路径,请求参数,请求头。Interface name, request path, request parameters, request header.
进一步地,所述处理模块501对所述第一功能测试用例进行测试后,还用于:Further, after the
若对第一功能测试用例进行测试后出现错误,对所述第一功能测试用例中出错的接口进行报错。If an error occurs after the first functional test case is tested, an error is reported to the error interface in the first functional test case.
图6为一种电子设备结构示意图。如图6所示,该电子设备包括:处理器601、通信接口602、存储器603和通信总线604,其中,处理器601,通信接口602,存储器603通过通信总线604完成相互间的通信。Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device. As shown in FIG. 6 , the electronic device includes: a
所述存储器603中存储有计算机程序,当所述程序被所述处理器601执行时,使得所述处理器601实现上述任一所述一种测试方法的步骤。A computer program is stored in the
上述电子设备提到的通信总线可以是外设部件互连标准(Peripheral ComponentInterconnect,PCI)总线或扩展工业标准结构(Extended Industry StandardArchitecture,EISA)总线等。该通信总线可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示,图中仅用一条粗线表示,但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。The communication bus mentioned in the above electronic device may be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus or the like. The communication bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of representation, only one thick line is used in the figure, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
通信接口602用于上述电子设备与其他设备之间的通信。The
存储器可以包括随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory,RAM),也可以包括非易失性存储器(Non-Volatile Memory,NVM),例如至少一个磁盘存储器。可选地,存储器还可以是至少一个位于远离前述处理器的存储装置。The memory may include a random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), and may also include a non-volatile memory (Non-Volatile Memory, NVM), such as at least one disk memory. Optionally, the memory may also be at least one storage device located away from the aforementioned processor.
上述处理器可以是通用处理器,包括中央处理器、网络处理器(NetworkProcessor,NP)等;还可以是数字指令处理器(Digital Signal Processing,DSP)、专用集成电路、现场可编程门陈列或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。Above-mentioned processor can be general-purpose processor, comprises central processing unit, network processor (NetworkProcessor, NP) etc.; Programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.
在上述各实施例的基础上,本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质内存储有可由电子设备执行的计算机程序,当所述程序在所述电子设备上运行时,使得所述电子设备执行时实现上述任一所述一种测试方法的步骤。On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program executable by the electronic device, when the program is stored in the electronic When running on the device, the electronic device is executed to realize the steps of any one of the above-mentioned testing methods.
上述计算机可读存储介质可以是电子设备中的处理器能够存取的任何可用介质或数据存储设备,包括但不限于磁性存储器如软盘、硬盘、磁带、磁光盘(MO)等、光学存储器如CD、DVD、BD、HVD等、以及半导体存储器如ROM、EPROM、EEPROM、非易失性存储器(NANDFLASH)、固态硬盘(SSD)等。The above-mentioned computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium or data storage device that can be accessed by a processor in an electronic device, including but not limited to magnetic storage such as floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, magneto-optical disk (MO), etc., optical storage such as CD, etc. , DVD, BD, HVD, etc., and semiconductor memory such as ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, non-volatile memory (NANDFLASH), solid-state hard disk (SSD), etc.
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not intended to limit it; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: It is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the application. scope.
为了方便解释,已经结合具体的实施方式进行了上述说明。但是,上述示例性的讨论不是意图穷尽或者将实施方式限定到上述公开的具体形式。根据上述的教导,可以得到多种修改和变形。上述实施方式的选择和描述是为了更好的解释原理以及实际的应用,从而使得本领域技术人员更好的使用所述实施方式以及适于具体使用考虑的各种不同的变形的实施方式。For convenience of explanation, the above description has been made in conjunction with specific implementation manners. However, the above exemplary discussion is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the implementations to the precise forms disclosed above. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The selection and description of the above embodiments are to better explain the principles and practical applications, so that those skilled in the art can better use the embodiments and various modified embodiments suitable for specific use considerations.
本领域内的技术人员应明白,本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此,本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且,本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
本领域内的技术人员应明白,本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此,本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且,本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
本申请是参照根据本申请的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器,使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to the present application. It should be understood that each procedure and/or block in the flowchart and/or block diagram, and a combination of procedures and/or blocks in the flowchart and/or block diagram can be realized by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or processor of other programmable data processing equipment to produce a machine such that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing equipment produce a An apparatus for realizing the functions specified in one or more procedures of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram.
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中,使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品,该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to operate in a specific manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising instruction means, the instructions The device realizes the function specified in one or more procedures of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram.
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上,使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理,从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, causing a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby The instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flow chart or blocks of the flowchart and/or the block or blocks of the block diagrams.
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样,倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. In this way, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalent technologies, the present application is also intended to include these modifications and variations.
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