CN1161730C - 光屏 - Google Patents
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- CN1161730C CN1161730C CNB008082073A CN00808207A CN1161730C CN 1161730 C CN1161730 C CN 1161730C CN B008082073 A CNB008082073 A CN B008082073A CN 00808207 A CN00808207 A CN 00808207A CN 1161730 C CN1161730 C CN 1161730C
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/0038—Linear indentations or grooves, e.g. arc-shaped grooves or meandering grooves, extending over the full length or width of the light guide
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- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/0036—2-D arrangement of prisms, protrusions, indentations or roughened surfaces
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/004—Scattering dots or dot-like elements, e.g. microbeads, scattering particles, nanoparticles
- G02B6/0041—Scattering dots or dot-like elements, e.g. microbeads, scattering particles, nanoparticles provided in the bulk of the light guide
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0066—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
- G02B6/0068—Arrangements of plural sources, e.g. multi-colour light sources
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- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
- G09F13/04—Signs, boards or panels, illuminated from behind the insignia
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- G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种包含有光源(1)和屏面单元(2)的光屏。所述的屏面单元由基本透明的、以便因此透光的材料制成。所述的屏面单元(2)还被构造为一种波导屏面,光束在其内部以全反射进行传播,并利用一种衍射输出耦合系统从其耦合出去。诸如光栅结构或其类似物等输出耦合系统(2u)适于覆盖在整个屏面单元(2)的发光表面(2a)上,使得不同尺寸和/或形状的分散凹槽和/或沟槽被用来构造成不同尺寸和/或形状的分散局部光栅,譬如多形状和/或二元的像素和/或单元,并且对其填充系数、形状、轮廓和/或尺寸进行最佳化,使得衍射效率为位置的函数。
Description
本发明涉及一种包含有光源和屏面单元的光屏,所述的屏面单元由基本透明的、以便因此透光的材料制成。该屏面单元被构造为一种波导屏面,光束在其内部以全反射进行传播,并利用一种衍射输出耦合系统从其耦合出去。
在光学中,衍射结构是指一个表面的所有细微结构,它们按照衍射效应而决定了光的通路。因此,细微结构的细部必须与光的波长幅度为相同的数量级,甚至比其更小。大多数已知的微棱镜结构都不是衍射结构,因为其中光束通路的决定是依赖于折射效应。另一方面,全息图不是光栅,而该光栅不会产生三维的图像或光。局部光栅是指诸如像素等局部的光栅单元。另外,可以利用大量不同的光栅单元来构成全光栅结构。
已经公知在出口处需要给譬如照明器或指示屏装设常规的白炽灯或荧光灯管。譬如在芬兰的实用新型第1533号中就曾公开过这种例子。该被引用的解决方案包括一种装有照明器盖的光屏,其中,装设在所述照明器盖之内的荧光照明灯管的光线通过一个与光源装在一起的屏面单元的周边而被导出来。在该特殊的解决方案中,所述的照明器盖设有一个沿着盖的长度方向伸长的开口,用于穿过它从上面更换所述的荧光照明灯管。但这种传统的指示屏有个缺点,即由于必须一直导通所述的出口灯,所以白炽灯和荧光灯管的作用寿命较短。
另一方面,尤其是对移动电话显示器的照明而言,已知可以采用衍射结构来从波导中把光耦合出去。折射微棱镜或其类似的结构也已经被研制用于该目的。但其缺点在于棱镜的边缘会产生明亮的光线,而这些光线难以得到消除以便提供均匀的照明。该两种棱镜结构的输出耦合容量都不等于光栅结构的输出耦合容量。在实际的衍射解决方案中,值得一提的例子有US专利5,703,667,它公开了一种用作波导的显示照明。所述的波导包括一个透明屏,其底面装有一种衍射光栅结构,用于在所述屏面的周边把传入的光再引导出去。如此来设计所述的光栅结构,使得一个单元区内的光栅结构表面积同其中无光栅的表面积之间具有一个可变的比例。因此光栅并不是设计在整个波导上。在该解决方案中,可以通过将接近于光源处的光栅结构设计得少于远离光源处的光栅结构来均衡光输出耦合的强度。因此,特别是对于大尺寸的屏面,结果可能是使所述的光栅区域变得稀疏,以致于它开始在输出耦合中显现出来,由此丧失均匀性。该被引用的发明还只局限于那些总是从后部表面对光进行再引导的平面结构。所有已知结构的弱点在于或多或少的不均匀照明、平面结构、非最佳设计的光栅样式、以及较差的输入耦合容量,等等。
本发明光屏的目的在于通过如下方式对上述问题作出决定性的改善,以便大大提高本领域的现有状况。为实现该目的,本发明光屏在原理上的特征在于,诸如光栅结构或其类似物等输出耦合系统被安放在整个屏面单元的所有发光表面上,使得不同尺寸和/或形状的分散凹槽和/或沟槽被用来构造成不同尺寸和/或形状的分散局部光栅,譬如多形状和/或二元的像素和/或单元,并且对其填充系数、形状、轮廓和/或尺寸进行最佳化,使得衍射效率为位置的函数。
本发明光屏的最大优点包括其简单性、效率和操作的可靠性,因为在此可以优选地使用低功率的LED作为光源。另一方面,通过使用本发明基于全反射的波导屏面结构,可以在各个方面使所述的光源最佳化,这是因为可以使无意的反射损耗和其它光损耗最小化。利用本发明所揭示的原理,还可以制造能嵌入到基片中的极薄结构,或通过随时遵循如下条件来制造柔性或预成型的结构,即在所述的屏面单元中不超过全反射的极限或阈值角。本发明还能实现譬如把屏面单元设计成盒型的结构,譬如方形或管形的“灯柱”。此外,也可以如此来操作本发明的光屏,使得可以譬如通过使用一个或多个变色或多色的LED,或通过改变光源的亮度/工作电压等来把该光屏的一个或多个部分激活成不同的颜色。
下面参考附图在如下说明中来详细阐述本发明,其中:
图1a和1b示出了本发明一种优选光屏的工作原理,
图1c进一步阐明了怎样从原理上激活本发明光屏的发光表面,
图2a、2b和3阐明了与全反射有关的一定原理,
图4、5、6a和6b给出了与本发明光屏有关的输入耦合系统的某些一般原理,以及
图7示出了一种柱状波导实施方案中的本发明光屏。
本发明涉及一种光屏,包括光源1和屏面单元2,所述的屏面单元由基本透明的材料制成,以便因此透光。屏面单元2被构造成波导屏面,光束在其中以全反射进行传播,并利用一种衍射输出耦合系统从其耦合出去。诸如光栅结构或其类似物等输出耦合系统2u被布置在整个屏面单元2的所有发光表面2a上,使得不同尺寸和/或形状的分散凹槽和/或沟槽被用来构造成不同尺寸和/或形状的分散局部光栅(譬如A/B类型),譬如多形状和/或二元的像素和/或单元,并且对其填充系数、形状、轮廓和/或尺寸进行最佳化,使得衍射效率为位置的函数。上述原理可以从图1a~1c中看出来。
当然,在一个光栅结构的不同部分内,可以使局部光栅或光栅单元的尺寸、形状、填充系数和/或轮廓/结构在长度、水平和/或垂直方向方面是可变的。
此外,如图1a和1 b所示,在长度方向s上连续地装设了一个(图1a)或多个(图1b)LED 1a’,以便激活导光的屏面单元2的一部分(图1b)或多部分(图1a)发光表面2a。在图1b和7所示的实施方案中,发光表面2a由一个无源的周边单元2b环绕着。譬如按图6b所示,利用屏面单元2的边界面R、Rr处的衍射输入耦合系统2s,和/或譬如按照图6a利用边界面R的几何轮廓来设计把光线耦合输入到屏面单元2中,所述的衍射输入耦合系统譬如为二元光束分配器、局部光栅结构、散射体和/或其类似物等等。
在图1c所示的实施方案中,作用为波导屏面的屏面单元2的诸如局部光栅结构等衍射输出耦合系统2u被装设在所述屏面单元2的底面2p上。当然,也可以把这种系统安置在所述屏面单元的顶面上,但实际上所述的顶面需要一些保护层或膜来用作其机械保护。
在另一优选实施方案中,所述的屏面单元2由一种薄而透光的加工材料制成,其厚度譬如为0.1-4mm,譬如聚合的弹性陶瓷材料屏面或板片等等,按图6a和6b所示,所述的输入耦合系统2s仍然被优选地设置在其周边Rr上。
在另一优选实施方案中,所述的屏面单元2由一种柔性或预成型的加工材料制成,且所述屏面单元2的发光表面2a适于通过将其局部的曲率半径随处保持得足够小而被激活,使得当光束在屏面单元2之内传播时不会超过全反射的阈值角。
在另一优选实施方案中,如此来建立所述激活照明光屏的衍射输出耦合系统2u,使得所述屏面单元2可以在一个或多个部分上提供不同的颜色。首先这可以按如下方式来实现,即通过给一个或多个单独可控的发光单元1、1a装设能产生不同颜色光的发光器件来把所述光屏2的发光表面2a激活成不同的颜色,所述发光器件譬如为红/绿/蓝/白发光二极管等等。另一方面,也可以通过改变光源或其集成元件的亮度、供电电压和/或其类似量来实现上述目的。
另外再参考譬如图1b所示的实施方案,屏面单元2装有诸如反射器、散射体和/或其类似物等响应表面3,以便尤其用来消除从所述输出耦合系统2u的光栅结构或其类似物所传来的光束,和/或用来阻止明显光斑的形成。
在譬如图7所示的另一优选实施方案中,所述的光屏被构造成一种封闭的盒型结构,譬如照明柱,它装有输入耦合系统2s,并利用位于所述屏面单元2的前或后表面Rt处的光束分配器或其类似物来对发自光源1的光线进行聚焦,以便使其以全反射在屏面单元2内传播。
一般来说,应该注意全反射的有关原理,参考图2a所示的、其折射率n大于空气折射率n=1的波导屏面2,如果发自点光源的光束相对于边界面的入射角γ满足条件sinγ>1/n,则易于进行全反射。如果入射角小于该条件,譬如α<arcsin(1/n),那么用菲涅耳型式表达的能量部分将穿过边界面。如果所述的介质不是空气,则上述表达式中的折射率1用该特殊介质的折射率来代替。
具体地讲,图1c描述了一种解决方案,其中作用为输出耦合系统2u的至少一个局部循环结构或衍射光栅被安置在作用为波导的屏面单元2的底面上。衍射光栅把入射角为γ的入射平面波划分成一组出现在所述波导屏面之内和之外的衍射级。其传播方向由光栅方程决定,且衍射效率(在相关的级内结束的那部分入射光)取决于光栅轮廓的周期和形状。在图1c所示的情况中,所述的波导之外出现了许多发射光束,其中光栅表面2u由许多发散方向的照明而被显现出来。但实际上,因为所述的波导包括许多传播的平面波,且它们以不同角度γ的连续光谱投射在所述的表面上,所以该光栅表面是在一个很大角度的范围内由照明显现出来的。也可以采用正确的电磁衍射原理来设计能产生大量级的表面轮廓,并具有理想的衍射效率分布。
因此,通过合适地选择表面轮廓参数,可以达到图1c所示的正确状态,其中反射级是主要的,且可以通过波导屏面2看到被照明的光栅表面2u。这是一种尤其可避免光栅表面遭受机械损伤的方法,但显然也可以通过在屏面单元2的上表面安置某种类型的保护层来进行保护。另外,按照图1c所示的实施方案,希望在作用为波导屏面的屏面单元2的后表面上装设一种所谓的散射体3,以便加宽和均衡衍射的角度分布,并把以错误方向泄漏的光束重新导回和穿过所述的屏面。
本发明的另一重要特征在于如下事实,即在作用为波导的屏面单元2内可以通过全反射而将光线保持得尽可能地长。这在如下情况下是可能的,即耦合输入到波导内的光线还根据图2b所示的原理以非常接近于全反射的阈值角而在该波导内从其端壁传播回来,由此也形成其全反射,并在利用输出耦合光栅2u进行衍射之前在该结构内传播多次。从原理上讲,在无输出耦合光栅的地方没有损耗,因此,除了在材料内所产生的吸收之外,被耦合输入的所有光线基本上都从所需的照明区发射出来。因此另外再参看图3,必要的话就可以将波导屏面弯曲和/或变形。在该上下文中衍射指数和光屏面单元的曲率半径必须被考虑,以便将具有全反射的光束传播优化。如果光屏面的曲率半径非常小,则光束将穿透光屏面的边界表面。如图中所示,平面波导显然可以包括90°的角,而不会破坏全反射的原理。
图4还示出了一种以柱面弯曲的衍射单元在以任意角度θ传播的光束的平面上的工作方式。既然希望所有的光束都按全反射传播,所以极优选地在光轴附近使用一种二元光束分配器,其周期以位置的函数形式进行变化。这也是一种提供可控数量的轻微发散传播光束的方法。在离光轴较远的地方,不可能使所述光束分配器(光栅级+1和-1)所产生的两个光束都执行全反射,因此可以优选地象图5所示的一样为所需的偏移采用局部线性的光栅结构。在此,所有的光束以共同的方向准平行地进行传播,使得对所有的光束都满足全反射条件。这需要在衍射输入耦合表面上以位置的函数形式调整局部的光栅周期,以及调整连续的表面轮廓以达到较高的衍射效率。位于一个单元中间的光束分配装置可以用二元结构或其类似物来构造。
另外,参考图7所示的实施方案,所述的光屏被设计成封闭的盒型结构,或在该处被设计成管状的“灯柱”。因此,优选地通过譬如使用光束分配光栅2s以及通过把LED 1a’放置在该灯管的内部或外部来实现波导2的输入耦合。因此,需要安装在不同柱子上的照明器可以按非常简单而又有效的方式得到照明。
显然,本发明并不局限于上文讲述和展示的实施方案,它们可以在本发明的基本构思范围内进行大量任意的修改。重要的是,诸如局部光栅等衍射输出耦合系统的填充系数可以被用来譬如促成均匀的光耦合输出,因为所述的衍射效率是根据光栅轮廓和形状来确定的,而且,所述的填充系数也能作用于光耦合输出的角度,因为光传播方向和角度是由光栅方程决定的。在各种情况下,可以利用计算机来正确地计算最佳的填充系数。诸如衍射结构或光栅等衍射输出或输入耦合系统既可以利用像素结构的分散凹槽和沟槽来构成,也可以利用二元像素来构成,由此存在一些清晰可见的背脊(顶角)、底部以及凹槽/沟槽,其长度可以从点变化到无穷大。这种结构可以是连续的轮廓,其在形状和尺寸方面可以任意变化。另外,所述的光源不但可以利用发散的发光装置来构成,也可以通过完全集成在所述作用为波导的屏面单元内的方案来构成。很显然,用作波导的屏面单元的材料包括各种范围内的透明材料,包括玻璃。本发明的波导系统可以实现制造譬如具有7段或更多段的显示屏。
Claims (13)
1.一种包含有光源(1)和屏面单元(2)的光屏,所述的屏面单元由透明的、以便因此透光的材料制成,所述的屏面单元(2)被构造为一种波导屏面,光束在其内部以全反射进行传播,并利用一种衍射输出耦合系统从其耦合出去,其特征在于:
包括光栅结构的一个输出耦合系统(2u)被安放在整个屏面单元(2)的所有发光表面(2a)上,所述光栅结构由不同尺寸和/或形状的分散凹槽和/或沟槽构成,以便构造成不同尺寸和/或形状的分散局部光栅单元,并且对其填充系数、形状、轮廓和/或尺寸进行最佳化,使得衍射效率为位置的函数。
2.如权利要求1所述的指示屏,其中,所述光屏包括一个光源(1),所述光源设有一个或多个纵向(s)连续的LED(1a′),用于利用其中所耦合输入的光来激活所述的屏面单元(2),其特征在于:
所述耦合输入到屏面单元(2)内的光通过一种位于所述屏面单元的边界面处的衍射输入耦合系统(2s)来进行作用,以及/或者利用所述边界面(R)的几何轮廓来进行作用。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的光屏,其特征在于:
所述的屏面单元(2)由一种薄而透光的加工材料制成,其厚度为0.1-4mm,所述的输入耦合系统(2s)被设置在其周边(Rr)上。
4.如权利要求1~3之一所述的光屏,其特征在于:
所述的屏面单元(2)由一种柔性或预成型的加工材料制成,且所述的屏面单元(2)的发光表面(2a)适于通过将屏面单元(2)的局部曲率半径随处保持足够小而被激活,使得当光束穿过屏面单元(2)之内时将超过全反射的阈值角。
5.如权利要求1~4之一所述的光屏,其特征在于:
如此来构造所述用于激活照明光屏的衍射输出耦合系统(2u),使得所述光屏(2)可以在其一个或多个部分上给出不同的颜色。
6.如权利要求5所述的光屏,其特征在于:
通过给一个或多个单独控制的发光单元(1;1a)装设能产生不同颜色光的发光器件来设计把所述光屏(2)的发光表面(2a)激活成不同的颜色,以及/或者通过改变所述光源(1)的亮度和/或供电电压来实现上述目的。
7.如权利要求1~6之一所述的光屏,其特征在于:
所述的屏面单元(2)装有响应表面(3),以便用来消除从所述输出耦合系统(2u)的光栅结构所传来的光束,和/或用来阻止明显光斑的形成。
8.如权利要求1~7之一所述的光屏,其特征在于:
所述的光屏被构造成一种封闭的盒型结构,所述的输入耦合系统(2s)装有光束分配器,后者位于所述屏面单元(2)的前或后表面(Rt)处,并能对发自光源(1)的光线进行聚焦,以便使其以全反射在所述的屏面单元(2)内传播。
9.如权利要求1-6之一所述的光屏,其特征在于:所述分散局部光栅单元是多形状和/或二元的像素。
10.如权利要求2所述的光屏,其特征在于:其中所述的衍射输入耦合系统为二元光束分配器、局部光栅结构和散射体。
11.如权利要求3所述的光屏,其特征在于:所述加工材料是聚合、弹性、陶瓷材料片或膜。
12.如权利要求6所述的光屏,其特征在于:所述的发光器件为红/绿/蓝/白发光二极管。
13.如权利要求7所述的光屏,其特征在于:响应表面(3)是反射器和/或散射体。
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-
2000
- 2000-05-19 DE DE60014380.5T patent/DE60014380T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-19 MX MXPA01011727A patent/MXPA01011727A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2000-05-19 AU AU45730/00A patent/AU773132B2/en not_active Expired
- 2000-05-19 CN CNB008082073A patent/CN1161730C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-19 AT AT00927297T patent/ATE278233T1/de active
- 2000-05-19 JP JP2001500252A patent/JP4617040B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-19 BR BR0010972-0A patent/BR0010972A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-05-19 WO PCT/FI2000/000451 patent/WO2000074026A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-05-19 ES ES00927297.2T patent/ES2230102T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-19 US US09/979,944 patent/US6773126B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-19 RU RU2001133730A patent/RU2237932C2/ru active
- 2000-05-19 EP EP00927297.2A patent/EP1194915B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-19 KR KR1020017015246A patent/KR100728422B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-19 CA CA002373471A patent/CA2373471C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2003
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|---|---|
| ATE278233T1 (de) | 2004-10-15 |
| US20040156182A1 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
| RU2237932C2 (ru) | 2004-10-10 |
| DE60014380T3 (de) | 2014-10-30 |
| KR100728422B1 (ko) | 2007-06-13 |
| ES2230102T5 (es) | 2014-10-17 |
| FI107085B (fi) | 2001-05-31 |
| MXPA01011727A (es) | 2003-09-04 |
| EP1194915A1 (en) | 2002-04-10 |
| BR0010972A (pt) | 2002-03-05 |
| DE60014380D1 (de) | 2004-11-04 |
| KR20020020716A (ko) | 2002-03-15 |
| AU4573000A (en) | 2000-12-18 |
| US7563011B2 (en) | 2009-07-21 |
| JP2003500706A (ja) | 2003-01-07 |
| EP1194915B1 (en) | 2004-09-29 |
| US6773126B1 (en) | 2004-08-10 |
| WO2000074026A1 (en) | 2000-12-07 |
| FI991216L (fi) | 2000-11-29 |
| CA2373471A1 (en) | 2000-12-07 |
| CA2373471C (en) | 2007-10-09 |
| EP1194915B2 (en) | 2014-07-16 |
| CN1353850A (zh) | 2002-06-12 |
| DE60014380T2 (de) | 2005-11-03 |
| FI991216A0 (fi) | 1999-05-28 |
| JP4617040B2 (ja) | 2011-01-19 |
| ES2230102T3 (es) | 2005-05-01 |
| AU773132B2 (en) | 2004-05-20 |
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