Aquatic plant seedling planting device and application
Technical Field
The invention relates to a water environment ecological restoration method, in particular to an aquatic plant seedling planting device and application.
Background
Ecological environment problems refer to various negative feedback effects generated by damage and pollution to natural environment and endangering human survival in the process of utilizing and modifying nature for human survival and development. The aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem formed by aquatic organism communities and water environment. The water ecological environment is the effect of environmental water on living beings and the adaptation of living beings to various moisture conditions. The water ecological environment protection is changed from pollution treatment to water resource, water ecology and water environment cooperative treatment and overall planning. Although people have remarkable effects on the ecological environment protection of water, due to the influence of urban and rural area sources, the garbage in the surrounding water body is increased, so that aquatic plants cannot grow normally, the plants die and putrefact, a large amount of organic substances and biological salts are released, the oxygen in the water body is greatly reduced, a large amount of algae are bred, the water body is overgrown, blue algae bloom occurs, and the aquatic animals die. Meanwhile, the human society excessively develops and utilizes water resources, so that the biological community is changed, the water ecology is further destroyed, the water pollution is increasingly serious, and the water quality deterioration phenomenon is frequent. The self-repairing capability of the lake is greatly reduced, and the ecological balance is broken.
One of the important tasks of water environment ecological restoration is to restore the integrity of the water environment ecological system, including the restoration of the diversity of water body biological communities. The plants play a role of producers in the whole ecological system, and are also the initial part of each food chain, and the energy fixed by the plants is gradually transferred to the upper layers of the food chains. The plant can effectively promote the recycling of nutrient substances through the photosynthesis and the root system. The runoff speed is reduced by establishing a plant buffer zone and a vegetation buffer zone, the river bank is protected, flood is prevented, and the underground water source can be effectively maintained. One of the narrowly defined technical approaches to ecological restoration is "reseeding". The aquatic plant variety with strong reseeding and purifying capacity is selected, and toxic substances such as mercury, lead, metal substances (which can cause massive death of plants and mutation of avian embryo genes) and the like can be absorbed, so that the water quality can be effectively improved.
Aquatic vegetation includes coastal plants, emergent aquatic plants, floating leaf plants, submerged plants, and the like. The existing underwater planting method for ecological restoration of submerged plants comprises manual type and caisson type. However, the manual underwater planting efficiency is low, workers are required to enter a river bed to plant, the water level depth is required, the water level depth is limited to a low water level area close to the bank, otherwise, workers can go to the area by adopting a cofferdam pumping mode, and the sinking cage type underwater planting cost is high. Most of the underwater planting devices on the market today adopt a fixed plate and a fixed basket, the device with plants is submerged in water, water and soil are broken at the bottom, and the plants are sent into the device structure of the soil, but the device has limited planting quantity, is difficult to plant aquatic plants on a large scale, is difficult to recycle, and is easy to wash away due to the flowing of water. These devices are unfavorable for automated planting, cannot consider the relationship between investment and efficiency, and cannot be popularized and applied on a large scale. And the device can damage the riverbed vegetation or the seafloor coral whether being sunk or withdrawn.
The aquatic vegetation is restored by reseeding to initiate and further restore the water environment ecological system, so that a colorful plant community is formed, and the aquatic vegetation cannot be reseeded. The water level depth and the growth medium conditions for the aquatic plants with different species and different characteristics are different. Therefore, the planting device needs to be suitable for different varieties of aquatic plants, must be suitable for different working environments, and is required to meet efficient continuous planting.
Meanwhile, due to the complexity of the underwater environment and the visibility problem caused by the water quality and depth of the water body, whether the planting action is accurate or not can not be judged, and whether the planted aquatic plants survive successfully or not, so that timely and effective observation is needed, and the problem is found and solved in time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a aquatic vegetation restoration method and device which are suitable for different aquatic plant seedlings and different working environments and realize continuous planting and real-time observation.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to achieve the aim of the invention, and the aquatic plant seedling planting device comprises a ship plate driven by a power device to push or turn, wherein the ship plate is connected with a buoyancy device (a gas pontoon), a main controller (PLC), an ejection mechanism for ejecting seedling bullets and a seedling conveying mechanism for conveying the seedling bullets for the ejection mechanism are arranged on the ship plate, the main controller is connected with the control power device, the seedling conveying mechanism and the ejection mechanism, a seedling cabin for storing the seedling bullets and supplying the seedling conveying mechanism with seedlings is arranged above the seedling conveying mechanism, and a seedling conveying path of the seedling conveying mechanism is positioned below the ejection mechanism and the seedling cabin.
The master controller comprises a Siemens S7-200PLC controller.
The boat deck is provided with a bracket, the ejection mechanism comprises an ejection rod which is connected with the bracket and can move up and down along the bracket, the bracket is connected with a supporting table, the seedling cabin is arranged on the supporting table, and the bottom of the seedling cabin is provided with a seedling feeding hole.
The seedling transporting mechanism comprises a U-shaped sliding groove positioned below an ejection rod and a sliding block horizontally moving in the sliding groove, wherein the sliding block is connected with a sliding table (a screw sliding table) through a sliding table connector and is driven by the sliding table to horizontally move, an opening is arranged at the position, right below the ejection rod, of the sliding groove, and an upper opening and a lower opening are arranged in the sliding block and can alternately move to a seedling chamber below Miao Kongzheng or right below the ejection rod.
The lower opening of the seedling chamber is provided with the stop block, and the reset spring is arranged between the stop block and the sliding block, so that the seedling is temporarily stored in the seedling chamber and does not fall before being ejected, and the stop block is extruded to be opened by the impact force when the seedling is ejected after reaching the fixed planting point, so that the seedling can be ejected.
The seedling cabin is internally provided with a rotating support driven by a stepping motor, the seedling bombs are respectively arranged on the rotating support in a circumferential mode, the rotating support can rotate the seedling bombs to the upper part of the seedling hole so as to accurately control the seedling, the ship plate is connected with a lifting foot rest below a sliding rail, the ejection force is changed by adjusting the distance between an ejection rod and the seedling bombs, the planting depth is changed, the seedling bombs are firmly pricked, meanwhile, the situation that the upper end of the seedling bombs are damaged due to overlarge force is avoided, and a guide channel pipe is arranged below an opening of the sliding rail so as to improve the ejection accuracy.
At least 2 support tables provided with seedling cabins are connected to the support, and the main controller controls the rotary support and the rotating speed thereof through the stepping motor during seedling loading to realize the time difference of falling of the seedling bullets from different seedling cabins.
The lifting foot rest adopts a double-shear type hydraulic lifting table structure, and can adopt a vertical fixed scissor type, a horizontal fixed scissor type and a double-hinge scissor type.
The seedling bomb comprises seedling pipes which are made of soluble water materials or degradable materials (soluble PVA materials), are partially hydrolyzed for 5-8 hours, and break the limited growth space in the seedling pipes after 3-5 days of complete hydrolysis or degradation, so that the root systems of aquatic plant seedlings are completely pricked into the water bottom.
The soluble water-soluble material or the soluble PVA material adopted by the degradable material is cold-soluble polyvinyl alcohol powder produced by Shanghai Rong European chemical industry technology Co., ltd, and the available product types are PVA-1788 and PVA-1788S, PVA-2488S. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is an organic compound, has a chemical formula of [ C 2H4O]n ] and is white flaky, flocculent or powdery solid in appearance, is odorless, can be dissolved in water (more than 95 ℃) and can be quickly and fully dissolved in tap water and cold water, is insoluble in gasoline, kerosene, vegetable oil, benzene, toluene, dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, acetone, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethylene glycol and the like, is slightly soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide, and is an important chemical raw material for manufacturing polyvinyl acetal, a gasoline-resistant pipeline, vinylon, a fabric treatment agent, an emulsifier, a paper coating, an adhesive, glue and the like.
The aquatic plant seedling planting device is used in aquatic vegetation restoration, a detachable remote camera is arranged on a seedling pipe and used for judging whether planting positions are accurate and proper or not and observing whether planted seedlings survive or not, the remote camera is connected with a GPS buoy, and after the seedling pipe is hydrolyzed or degraded, the remote camera floats out of the water surface along with the GPS buoy and is recovered through GPS positioning (a fishing net is arranged on a ship board) so as to be recycled.
The invention better realizes the aim by adopting the technical scheme, adopts the degradable seedling tube to cultivate seedlings in advance and store the seedlings in Miao Cang to realize continuous seedling feeding and continuous batch planting, and different Miao Cang can carry seedling bullets planted with different varieties of aquatic plant seedlings, a main controller controls a power device to drive a boat deck with a buoyancy device to be transported to a water area needing reseeding submerged plants, the seedling bullets carrying the seedlings are ejected to the water of a designated area to perform field planting by using an ejection mechanism, the damage to a planting area is avoided by adopting remote control, the condition limits of water level depth and growing medium are overcome, before the seedling tube is hydrolyzed or degraded, whether the position of an ejection planting point is accurate and the survival condition of the planted seedlings are observed by a remote camera so as to timely adopt secondary reseeding, so that the seedlings and the field planting environment are quickly fused, vegetation is simply and efficiently repaired, and after the seedling tube is decomposed, the remote camera is separated from the GPS buoy is floated on the water surface, and can be recycled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of the support table 4, the stepping motor 5, and the seedling cabin 6 in fig. 1;
FIG. 4 is a top view of FIG. 3;
fig. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of the rotary bracket 15 in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of the slider 2, chute 10, and opening 17 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a right side view of FIG. 6;
Fig. 8 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of the slider 2, the chute 10 and the guide pipe 22 in the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of the seedling tube 23, the remote camera 24 and the GPS buoy 25 in the invention;
Fig. 10 is a block diagram of the structural principle of the present invention.
In the figure, the ship plate is 1, the sliding block is 2, the sliding table is 3, the supporting table is 4, the stepping motor is 5, the seedling cabin is 6, the ejection mechanism is 7, the ejection rod is 8, the bracket is 9, the sliding groove is 10, the lifting foot rest is 11, the power device is 12, the buoyancy device is 14, the seedling hole is 15, the rotary bracket is 16, the seedling bullet is 17, the opening is 18, miao Danshi, the stop block is 19, the return spring is 20, the sliding table connecting port is 21, the guide pipe is 22, the seedling pipe is 23, the remote camera is 24, and the GPS buoy is 25.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As can be seen from fig. 1 to 9, the aquatic plant seedling planting device comprises a ship plate 1 driven by a power device 12 to push or turn, wherein the ship plate 1 is connected with a buoyancy device 13 (in this embodiment, a gas pontoon), a main controller, an ejection mechanism 7 for ejecting a seedling bullet 16, and a seedling transporting mechanism for transporting the seedling bullet 16 to the ejection mechanism 7 are arranged on the ship plate 1, the main controller is connected with the power device 12, the seedling transporting mechanism and the ejection mechanism 7, a seedling cabin 6 for storing the seedling bullet 16 and supplying seedlings to the seedling transporting mechanism is arranged above the seedling transporting mechanism, and a seedling transporting path of the seedling transporting mechanism is positioned below the ejection mechanism 7 and the seedling cabin 6.
The master controller comprises a Siemens S7-200PLC controller.
The boat deck 1 is provided with a bracket 9, the ejection mechanism 7 comprises an ejection rod 8 which is connected with the bracket 9 and can move up and down along the bracket 9, the bracket 9 is connected with a supporting table 4 (the bracket 9 of the embodiment is connected with 2 supporting tables 4 provided with seedling cabins 6), the seedling cabins 6 are arranged on the supporting table 4, and seedling loading holes 14 are formed in the bottoms of the seedling cabins 6.
The seedling transporting mechanism comprises a sliding groove 10 positioned below an ejection rod 8 and a sliding block 2 horizontally moving in the sliding groove 10, wherein the sliding block 2 is connected with a sliding table 3 (a screw sliding table in the embodiment) and is driven by the sliding table to horizontally move, the sliding groove 10 is provided with an opening 17 positioned right below the ejection rod 8, and the sliding block 2 is internally provided with an upper opening and a lower opening and can alternately move to a seedling chamber 18 right below an upper seedling hole 14 or right below the ejection rod 8.
The seedling cabin 6 is internally provided with a rotary support 15 driven by a stepping motor 5, the seedling bombs 16 are respectively arranged on the rotary support 15 in a circumferential mode, the rotary support 15 can rotate the seedling bombs 16 to the upper part of the seedling hole 14 so as to accurately control seedling feeding, the boat plate 1 is connected with a lifting foot rest 11 below a sliding rail, the ejection force is changed by adjusting the distance between an ejection rod 8 and the seedling bombs 16, so that the planting depth is changed, the seedling bombs 16 are firmly pricked, meanwhile, blocking caused by damage to the upper end of the seedling bombs 16 due to overlarge force is avoided, and a guide channel tube 22 is arranged below an opening 17 of the sliding rail so as to improve the ejection precision.
The lifting foot rest 11 adopts a double-shear type hydraulic lifting table structure, and can adopt a vertical fixed scissor type, a horizontal fixed scissor type and a double-hinge scissor type.
The lower opening of the bullet chamber 18 is provided with the stop block 19, and the return spring 20 is arranged between the stop block 19 and the sliding block 2, so that the bullet 16 is temporarily stored in the bullet chamber 18 without falling before being ejected, and the stop block 19 is extruded by the impact force of the bullet 16 when being ejected after reaching the fixed planting point, so that the bullet 16 can be ejected.
The seedling bullet 16 comprises a seedling tube 23, wherein the seedling tube 23 is made of a soluble water material or a degradable material (soluble PVA material in the embodiment), is partially hydrolyzed for 5-8 hours, and breaks the limited growth space in the seedling tube 23 after 3-5 days of complete hydrolysis or degradation, so that the root system of the aquatic plant seedling is completely pricked into the water bottom.
The aquatic plant seedling planting device is applied to aquatic vegetation restoration, a detachable remote camera 24 is arranged on a seedling pipe 23 and used for judging whether planting positions are accurate and proper or not and observing whether planted seedlings survive or not, the remote camera 24 is connected with a GPS buoy 25, and when the seedling pipe 23 is hydrolyzed or degraded, the remote camera 24 floats out of the water along with the GPS buoy 25 and can be recycled.
Simulation analysis test:
through simulation analysis of the motion of the simulation, when the sliding block 2 is subjected to the pressure of 50N in the vertical direction, the sliding block 2 still can be kept still, the seedling bullet 16 naturally falls into the seedling bullet chamber 18 due to the gravity, a certain acceleration is achieved, the weight of the seedling bullet 16 is set to be 5kg, the length of the seedling bullet chamber 18 is 15cm, through Newton's kinematic analysis, the pressure of the seedling bullet 16 falling above the stop block 19 is 20-30N, the force born by the stop block 19 is just slightly larger than the pressure of the seedling bullet 16 after falling, and when the power provided by the ejection rod 8 is up to 20m/s, the pressure above the seedling bullet 16 is 1000N, the stop block 19 can be extruded, and the seedling bullet 16 is ejected into water.