CN116036112A - 治疗猫冠状病毒感染的方法 - Google Patents
治疗猫冠状病毒感染的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116036112A CN116036112A CN202310076030.XA CN202310076030A CN116036112A CN 116036112 A CN116036112 A CN 116036112A CN 202310076030 A CN202310076030 A CN 202310076030A CN 116036112 A CN116036112 A CN 116036112A
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Abstract
提供了治疗猫冠状病毒感染的方法,包括施用治疗有效量的含有氮杂糖的核苷类似物或其药学上可接受的盐。
Description
本申请是申请日为2019年9月12日和发明名称为“治疗猫冠状病毒感染的方法”的201880018267.X号发明专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2017年3月14日提交的美国临时申请第62/470,944号的优先权,该临时申请出于所有目的以其整体并入本文。
技术领域
本发明一般而言涉及用于治疗猫冠状病毒感染的方法和化合物,特别是用于治疗猫传染性腹膜炎病毒(FIPV)的方法。
背景技术
猫冠状病毒(FCoV)属于冠状病毒科(Coronaviridae),是一组包膜的正链RNA病毒,通常在猫中发现。在自然界中,FCoV以两种不同的生物型存在:猫肠道冠状病毒(FECV)和猫传染性腹膜炎病毒(FIPV),后者是FECV的突变形式。
FECV感染在猫中广泛存在,全世界估计有40-80%的猫传播该病毒。FECV长期感染猫的胃肠上皮细胞,并且通常通过粪口途径传播。猫的FECV感染大多数是无症状的,有些猫会出现腹泻、呕吐、食欲不振和发烧。
FIPV生物型在单核苷酸多态性或缺失(其使FECV中的病毒3c蛋白酶基因失活)之后出现,但是还涉及病毒刺突蛋白内的突变。3c蛋白酶的失活改变细胞向性,使得病毒能够在巨噬细胞内复制,促进FIPV的系统性传播和猫传染性腹膜炎(FIP)的发作。
FIP是猫的进行性免疫相关疾病。FIP疾病可以采取“湿”或“干”FIP的形式。湿FIP与内脏浆膜和网膜的炎症相关,导致流体渗出到腹部和/或胸腔中。干FIP的特征在于诸如肝脏、中枢神经系统或眼睛等薄壁组织器官(paracnchymatous organs)的肉芽肿性受累。湿或干形式的FIP的发展总是致命的。
FIP是具有大的猫密度的环境(例如,多猫家庭,猫舍,庇护所和猫救援设施)中的主要问题。该疾病在较年轻的猫(<3岁)特别是小猫中最为普遍,因为复制FECV的水平较高,这增加了向FIPV生物型突变的可能性,以及对携带这些突变的病毒的抗性降低。FIP是2岁以下的猫死亡的主要原因,估计全世界猫死亡率为0.3%至1%。
目前,没有批准的疫苗或有效的抗病毒疗法用于治疗FIP。因此,非常需要开发用于治疗猫的FIP的化合物。不受约束,假设治疗FCoV或FIPV会预防或治疗FIP。
发明内容
在一些实施方案中,本发明提供一种治疗猫冠状病毒感染的方法,包括施用治疗有效量的以下化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明提供一种治疗猫冠状病毒感染的方法,包括施用治疗有效量的
或其药学上可接受的盐。
附图说明
图1显示用化合物1抑制CRFK细胞中的猫冠状病毒,在3、2和1μM时几乎100%抑制;EC50为0.75μM。
图2显示化合物1对CRFK细胞中FIPV的抗病毒活性。
图3显示化合物1对CRFK细胞中FIPV的抗病毒活性。
图4显示化合物2对CRFK细胞中FIPV的抗病毒活性。
图5显示化合物9对CRFK细胞中FIPV的抗病毒活性。
图6显示化合物3对CRFK细胞中FIPV的抗病毒活性。
图7显示化合物6对CRFK细胞中FIPV的抗病毒活性。
图8显示化合物1对CRFK细胞中FIPV的抗病毒活性。
图9显示化合物4对CRFK细胞中FIPV的抗病毒活性。
图10显示化合物5对CRFK细胞中FIPV的抗病毒活性。
图11显示化合物3对CRFK细胞中FIPV的抗病毒活性。
图12显示化合物2对CRFK细胞中FIPV的抗病毒活性。
图13显示化合物7对CRFK细胞中FIPV的抗病毒活性。
图14显示化合物8对CRFK细胞中FIPV的抗病毒活性。
图15显示化合物9对CRFK细胞中FIPV的抗病毒活性。
具体实施方式
I.定义
除非另有说明,否则如本文使用的以下术语和短语旨在具有以下含义:
除非另有说明,否则如本文所用的术语“治疗(treating)”或“治疗(treatment)”是指逆转、减轻、抑制该术语所适用的疾病或病症或者这些疾病或病症的一种或多种症状的进展,或预防这些疾病或病症或者这些疾病或病症的一种或多种症状。
如本文所用的术语“治疗有效量”是存在于本文所述组合物中的化合物1或其药学上可接受的盐的量,其是当通过所选择的施用途径施用这样的组合物时,在气道和肺的分泌物和组织中或者可选地在待治疗的受试者的血流中提供所需水平的药物,以产生预期的生理反应或所需的生物学效应。精确的量将取决于许多因素,例如组合物的比活性,所用的递送装置,组合物的物理特性,其预期用途,以及动物考虑因素例如疾病状态的严重程度,兽医合作等,并且本领域技术人员可以基于本文提供的信息容易地确定精确的量。
对本文所述的化合物1或化合物2至9的提及还可包括对其药学上可接受的盐的提及。药学上可接受的盐的实例包括衍生自适当碱的盐,所述适当碱例如碱金属或碱土金属(例如,Na+、Li+、K+、Ca+2和Mg+2),铵和NR4 +(其中R在本文中定义)。氮原子或氨基的药学上可接受的盐包括(a)与无机酸形成的酸加成盐,无机酸例如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、氨基磺酸、磷酸、硝酸等;(b)与有机酸形成的盐,有机酸例如乙酸、草酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、马来酸、富马酸、葡糖酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、抗坏血酸、苯甲酸、羟乙磺酸、乳糖酸、单宁酸、棕榈酸、海藻酸、聚谷氨酸、萘磺酸、甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、苯磺酸、萘二磺酸、聚半乳糖醛酸、丙二酸、磺基水杨酸、乙醇酸、2-羟基-3-萘甲酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、水杨酸、硬脂酸、邻苯二甲酸、扁桃酸、乳酸、乙磺酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、丙氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸等;(c)由元素阴离子形成的盐,元素阴离子例如氯、溴和碘。羟基的化合物的药学上可接受的盐包括所述化合物的阴离子与合适的阳离子如Na+和NR4 +的组合。
化合物1和化合物2至9或其药学上可接受的盐可以作为不同的多晶型物或假多晶型物存在。如本文所用,晶体多态性是指晶体化合物存在于不同晶体结构中的能力。晶体多态性可能是由于晶体堆积(堆积多态性)差异或同一分子的不同构象异构体之间的堆积差异(构象多态性)引起的。如本文所用,晶体假多态性是指化合物的水合物或溶剂化物存在于不同晶体结构中的能力。由于晶体堆积(堆积假多态性)差异或由于同一分子的不同构象异构体之间的堆积差异(构象假多态性),因此本发明的假多晶型物可能存在。本发明包括化合物1或其药学上可接受的盐的所有多晶型物和假多晶型物。
化合物1和化合物2至9及其药学上可接受的盐也可以作为无定形固体存在。如本文所用,无定形固体是这样的固体,即其中固体中原子的位置没有长程有序。当晶体尺寸为2纳米或更小时,该定义也适用。包括溶剂的添加剂可用于产生本发明的无定形形式。在一些实施方案中,本发明包括化合物1或其药学上可接受的盐的所有无定形形式。
在一些实施方案中,化合物1和化合物2至9或其药学上可接受的盐还旨在表示这些化合物的未标记形式以及同位素标记形式。同位素标记的化合物具有由本文给出的式表示的结构,不同之处在于一个或多个原子被具有选定原子质量或质量数的原子取代。可以掺入本公开化合物中的同位素的实例包括氢、碳、氮、氧、磷、氟和氯的同位素,例如但不限于2H(氘,D)、3H(氚)、11C、13C、14C、15N、18F、31P、32P、35S、36Cl和125I。本公开的各种同位素标记的化合物,例如掺入放射性同位素如3H、13C和14C的那些化合物。这种同位素标记的化合物可用于代谢研究,反应动力学研究,检测或成像技术例如正电子发射断层扫描(PET)或单光子发射计算机化断层扫描(SPECT),包括药物或底物组织分布测定,或用于放射性治疗。
本公开还包括化合物1和化合物2至9,其中连接至碳原子的1至n个氢被氘代替,其中n是分子中氢的数目。这些化合物对代谢显示出增强的抗性,因此当施用于哺乳动物时可用于增加化合物1的半衰期。参见,例如,Foster,“Deuterium Isotope Effects inStudies of Drug Metabolism”,Trends Pharmacol.Sci.5(12):524-527(1984)。这些化合物借助于本领域熟知的方法合成,例如通过使用其中一个或多个氢被氘代替的原料。
本公开的氘标记或取代的治疗化合物可具有改善的DMPK(药物代谢和药代动力学)性质,涉及分布、代谢和排泄(ADME)。用较重的同位素例如氘取代可以提供某些有代谢稳定性更高造成的治疗优势,例如体内半衰期延长,剂量需求减少和/或治疗指数改善。18F标记的化合物可用于PET或SPECT研究。本公开的同位素标记的化合物及其前药通常可以通过进行下述方案或实施例和制备中公开的方法,通过用容易获得的同位素标记的试剂取代非同位素标记的试剂来制备。
这种较重同位素,特别是氘的浓度可以由同位素富集因子限定。在本公开的化合物中,未特别指定为特定同位素的任何原子意指代表该原子的任何稳定同位素。除非另有说明,否则当一个位置被具体指定为“H”或“氢”时,该位置应理解为具有其天然丰度同位素组成的氢。
II.治疗猫冠状病毒
现在将详细参考某些实施方案,其实施例在所附说明书、结构和式中说明。虽然将结合列举的实施方案描述本发明,但是应该理解,它们并不旨在将本发明限制于那些实施方案。相反,本发明旨在涵盖可包括在本发明范围内的所有替代、修改和等同物。
A.化合物
可用于本发明方法的化合物包括以下:
在一些实施方案中,可用于本发明方法的化合物是:
(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-氨基吡咯并[2,1-f][1,2,4]三嗪-7-基)-3,4-二羟基-5-
(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-甲腈
以上提供的化合物名称使用ChemBioDraw Ultra命名,并且本领域技术人员理解化合物结构可以使用其他公认的命名系统和符号命名或鉴定。举例来说,可以用通用名称、系统或非系统名称命名或鉴定该化合物。化学领域中普遍认可的命名系统和符号包括但不限于化学文摘服务(CAS)和国际纯粹与应用化学联合会(IUPAC)。因此,化合物1:
可根据IUPAC命名或鉴定为(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-氨基吡咯并[2,1-f][1,2,4]三嗪-7-基)-3,4-二羟基-5-(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-甲腈。
在一些实施方案中,可用于本发明方法的化合物是化合物2:
化合物2可以命名或鉴定为((((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-氨基吡咯并[2,1-f][1,2,4]三嗪-7-基)-5-氰基-3,4-二羟基四氢呋喃-2-基)甲氧基)(S,S'-(((羟基磷酰基)双(氧))双(乙烷-2,1-二基))双(2,2-二甲基硫代丙酸酯))。
在一些实施方案中,可用于本发明方法的化合物是化合物3:
化合物3可以根据IUPAC命名或鉴定为((((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-氨基吡咯并[2,1-f][1,2,4]三嗪-7-基)-5-氰基-3,4-二羟基四氢呋喃-2-基)甲氧基)(苯氧基)磷酰基)-L-丙氨酸2-乙基丁基酯。
在一些实施方案中,可用于本发明方法的化合物是化合物4:
化合物4可以根据IUPAC命名或鉴定为(2R,3R,4R,5S)-5-(4-氨基吡咯并[2,1-f][1,2,4]三嗪-7-基)-4-氟-3-羟基-2-(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-甲腈。
在一些实施方案中,可用于本发明方法的化合物是化合物5:
化合物5可以根据IUPAC命名或鉴定为(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(4-氨基吡咯并[2,1-f][1,2,4]三嗪-7-基)-3,4-二羟基-2-(羟甲基)四氢呋喃-2-甲腈。
在一些实施方案中,可用于本发明方法的化合物是化合物6:
化合物6可以命名或鉴定为((((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-氨基吡咯并[2,1-f][1,2,4]三嗪-7-基)-2-氰基-3,4-二羟基四氢呋喃-2-基)甲氧基)(S,S'-(((羟基磷酰基)双(氧))双(乙烷-2,1-二基))双(2,2-二甲基硫代丙酸酯))。
在一些实施方案中,可用于本发明方法的化合物是化合物7:
化合物7可以根据IUPAC命名或鉴定为((((2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(4-氨基吡咯并[2,1-f][1,2,4]三嗪-7-基)-2-氰基-3,4-二羟基四氢呋喃-2-基)甲氧基)(苯氧基)磷酰基)-L-丙氨酸2-乙基丁基酯。
在一些实施方案中,可用于本发明方法的化合物是化合物8:
化合物8可以命名或鉴定为((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-氨基吡咯并[2,1-f][1,2,4]三嗪-7-基)-5-氰基-3,4-二羟基四氢呋喃-2-基)甲基磷二酰胺双(L-丙氨酸2-乙基丁基酯)。
在一些实施方案中,可用于本发明方法的化合物是化合物9:
化合物9可以根据IUPAC命名或鉴定为((((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-氨基吡咯并[2,1-f][1,2,4]三嗪-7-基)-5-氰基-3,4-二羟基四氢呋喃-2-基)甲氧基)(苯氧基)磷酰基)-D-丙氨酸2-乙基丁基酯。
B.方法
本发明提供一种治疗猫冠状病毒感染的方法,包括施用治疗有效量的化合物1至化合物9的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
药代动力学证据表明猫具有与其他物种如狗或人类不同的药物代谢特征。例如,由于许多药物缀合酶(包括参与葡糖醛酸化(CYP)、甲基化(TPMT)和乙酰化(NAT1和NAT2)的那些)的缺乏或表达减少,猫具有较慢的药物消除速率。结果,人类药物代谢和消除与猫中观察到的药物代谢和消除的相关性很差(Vet Clin Small Anim 2013,43,1039-1054)。
在一些实施方案中,本发明提供一种治疗猫冠状病毒感染的方法,包括施用治疗有效量的以下化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
提供了一种治疗猫冠状病毒感染的方法,包括施用治疗有效量的
或其药学上可接受的盐。
在一些实施方案中,冠状病毒是猫肠道冠状病毒(FECV)或猫传染性腹膜炎病毒(FIPV)。
提供一种治疗猫冠状病毒感染的方法,包括施用治疗有效量的
或其药学上可接受的盐。
在一些实施方案中,冠状病毒是猫肠道冠状病毒(FECV)或猫传染性腹膜炎病毒(FIPV)。
在一些实施方案中,本发明提供一种治疗猫肠道冠状病毒(FECV)感染的方法,包括施用治疗有效量的以下化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
在一些实施方案中,一种治疗猫肠道冠状病毒(FECV)感染的方法包括施用治疗有效量的
或其药学上可接受的盐。
在一些实施方案中,本发明提供一种治疗传染性腹膜炎病毒(FIPV)感染的方法,包括施用治疗有效量的以下化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
在一些实施方案中,一种治疗传染性腹膜炎病毒(FIPV)感染的方法包括施用治疗有效量的
或其药学上可接受的盐。
在一些实施方案中,本发明提供一种治疗猫传染性腹膜炎(FIP)的方法,包括施用治疗有效量的以下化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
在一些实施方案中,一种治疗猫传染性腹膜炎(FIP)的方法包括施用治疗有效量的
或其药学上可接受的盐。
可以通过本领域技术人员已知的方法制备本发明的化合物。例如,本发明化合物可根据美国专利号8,008,264和7,973,013以及PCT公开号WO2012/012776和WO 2015/069939中描述的方法制备。
III.药物制剂
本发明的化合物与将根据常规实践选择的常规载体和赋形剂配制。片剂将含有赋形剂、助流剂、填充剂、粘合剂等。水性制剂以无菌形式制备,并且当用于通过非口服施用递送时,水性制剂通常是等渗的。所有制剂将任选地含有赋形剂,例如“Handbook ofPharmaceutical Excipients”(1986)中所述的赋形剂。赋形剂包括抗坏血酸和其它抗氧化剂,螯合剂如EDTA,碳水化合物如葡聚糖,羟烷基纤维素,羟烷基甲基纤维素,硬脂酸等。制剂的pH范围为约3至约11,但通常为约7至10。在一些实施方案中,制剂的pH范围为约2至约5,但通常为约3至4。
虽然活性成分可以单独施用,但优选将它们作为药物制剂呈递。用于兽医的制剂可以包含至少一种如上定义的活性成分,以及一种或多种可接受的载体和任选地其它治疗成分,特别是本文所讨论的那些另外的治疗成分。在与制剂的其他成分相容并且对其接受者生理上无害的意义上,载体必须是“可接受的”。
制剂包括适合于前述施用途径的制剂。制剂可以方便地以单位剂型呈递,并且可以通过药学领域熟知的任何方法制备。技术和制剂通常在Remington's PharmaceuticalSciences(Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,PA)中找到。这些方法包括使活性成分与构成一种或多种辅助成分的载体结合的步骤。通常,制剂通过将活性成分与液体载体或细碎的固体载体或两者均匀且紧密地结合在一起来制备,然后,如果需要,使产品成形。
适合于口服施用的本发明制剂可以作为离散单元例如胶囊剂、扁囊剂或片剂呈递,每个含有预定量的活性成分;作为粉末或颗粒呈递;作为水性或非水性液体中的溶液或悬浮液呈递;或者作为水包油液体乳液或油包水液体乳液呈递。活性成分也可以以大丸剂、药糖剂或糊剂形式施用。
片剂任选地与一种或多种辅助成分通过压缩或模制制成。压缩片剂可以通过在合适的机器中压制自由流动形式如粉末或颗粒的活性成分来制备,任选地与粘合剂、润滑剂、惰性稀释剂、防腐剂、表面活性剂或分散剂混合。模制片剂可以通过在合适的机器中模制用惰性液体稀释剂润湿的粉末状活性成分的混合物来制备。片剂可任选地被包衣或刻痕,并任选地被配制,以便提供活性成分从其中的缓慢或受控释放。
对于眼睛或其他外部组织例如口腔和皮肤的感染,制剂优选作为局部软膏或乳膏施用,局部软膏或乳膏含有的活性成分的量为例如0.075至20%w/w(包括0.1%至20%范围内的活性成分,增量为0.1%w/w,例如0.6%w/w、0.7%w/w等),优选0.2至15%w/w,最优选0.5至10%w/w。当被配制成软膏时,活性成分可与石蜡或水溶性软膏基质一起使用。或者,活性成分可以与水包油乳膏基质配制成乳膏。
如果需要,乳膏基质的水相可以包括,例如,至少30%w/w的多元醇,即具有两个或更多个羟基的醇,例如丙二醇、丁烷1,3-二醇、甘露醇、山梨糖醇、丙三醇和聚乙二醇(包括PEG 400)及其混合物。局部制剂可以理想地包括增强活性成分通过皮肤或其他受影响区域的吸收或渗透的化合物。这种皮肤渗透促进剂的实例包括二甲基亚砜和相关的类似物。
本发明乳液的油相可以以已知方式由已知成分构建。虽然该相可以仅包含乳化剂(也被称为乳化剂(emulgent)),但它理想地包含至少一种乳化剂与脂肪或油或者与脂肪和油两者的混合物。优选地,亲水性乳化剂与用作稳定剂的亲脂性乳化剂包含在一起。还优选包含油和脂肪两者。乳化剂与或不与稳定剂一起构成所谓的乳化蜡,并且该蜡与油和脂肪一起构成所谓的乳化软膏基质,其形成乳膏制剂的油性分散相。
适用于本发明制剂的乳化剂和乳化稳定剂包括60、80、十六十八醇(cetosteary alcohol)、苄醇、肉豆蔻醇、甘油单硬脂酸酯和十二烷基硫酸钠。适用于本发明制剂的其它乳化剂和乳化稳定剂包括80。
用于制剂的合适的油或脂肪的选择基于获得所需的化妆品性质。乳膏应该优选是不油腻、不染色和可洗涤的产品,具有合适的稠度以避免从管或其他容器中泄漏。可以使用直链或支链、单-或二元烷基酯,例如二异己二酸酯、异十六烷基硬脂酸酯、椰子脂肪酸的丙二醇二酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、油酸癸酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、硬脂酸丁酯、棕榈酸2-乙基己酯或称为Crodamol CAP的支链酯的混合物,后三种是优选的酯。取决于所需的性质,这些可以单独使用或组合使用。或者,使用高熔点脂质,例如白色软石蜡和/或液体石蜡或其他矿物油。
根据本发明的药物制剂包含根据本发明的组合以及一种或多种药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂,和任选地其他治疗剂。含有活性成分的药物制剂可以是适合于预期施用方法的任何形式。当用于口服使用时,例如,可以制备片剂、锭剂、含片、水性或油性悬浮液、可分散的粉末或颗粒、乳剂、硬或软胶囊、糖浆或酏剂。用于口服使用的组合物可以根据本领域已知的任何制备药物组合物的方法制备,并且该组合物可以含有一种或多种试剂,包括甜味剂、调味剂、着色剂和防腐剂,以提供可口的制剂。含有活性成分与适合制备片剂的无毒药学上可接受的赋形剂混合的片剂是可接受的。这些赋形剂可以是,例如,惰性稀释剂,如碳酸钙或碳酸钠、乳糖、磷酸钙或磷酸钠;造粒剂和崩解剂,如玉米淀粉或海藻酸;粘合剂,如淀粉、明胶或阿拉伯胶;和润滑剂,如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸或滑石粉。片剂可以是未包衣的,或者可以通过包括微囊化的已知技术包衣,以延迟在胃肠道中的崩解和吸附,从而在较长时间内提供持续作用。例如,可以使用延时材料,例如将单硬脂酸甘油酯或二硬脂酸甘油酯单独使用或与蜡一起使用。
口服使用的制剂也可以以硬明胶胶囊呈递,其中活性成分与惰性固体稀释剂(例如磷酸钙或高岭土)混合,或者作为软明胶胶囊呈递,其中活性成分与水或油介质如花生油、液体石蜡或橄榄油混合。
本发明的水性悬浮液含有活性物质与适于制备水性悬浮液的赋形剂的混合物。这些赋形剂包括悬浮剂,例如羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、黄蓍胶和阿拉伯树胶,以及分散剂或润湿剂,例如天然存在的磷脂(例如,卵磷脂),环氧烷烃与脂肪酸的缩合产物(例如,聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯),环氧乙烷与长链脂族醇的缩合产物(例如,十七烷乙氧基十六烷醇(heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol)),环氧乙烷与衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇酐的偏酯的缩合产物(例如,聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯)。含水悬浮液还可以含有一种或多种防腐剂如对羟基苯甲酸乙酯或对羟基苯甲酸正丙酯,一种或多种着色剂,一种或多种调味剂和一种或多种甜味剂如蔗糖或糖精。悬浮剂的其他非限制性实例包括环糊精和Captisol(=磺基丁基醚β-环糊精;SEB-β-CD)。
可以通过将活性成分悬浮在植物油(例如花生油、橄榄油、芝麻油或椰子油)或矿物油(例如液体石蜡)中来配制油悬浮液。口服悬浮液可含有增稠剂,例如蜂蜡、硬石蜡或鲸蜡醇。可以加入甜味剂(例如上述那些)和调味剂,以提供可口的口服制剂。这些组合物可以通过添加抗氧化剂如抗坏血酸来保存。
适合于通过加入水制备水性悬浮液的本发明的可分散粉末和颗粒提供与分散剂或润湿剂、悬浮剂和一种或多种防腐剂混合的活性成分。合适的分散剂或润湿剂和悬浮剂如上所述进行例示。还可以存在另外的赋形剂,例如甜味剂、调味剂和着色剂。
本发明的药物组合物还可以是水包油乳液的形式。油相可以是植物油如橄榄油或花生油,矿物油如液体石蜡,或这些的混合物。合适的乳化剂包括天然存在的树胶如阿拉伯树胶和黄蓍胶,天然存在的磷脂如大豆卵磷脂,衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇酐的酯或偏酯如脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯,以及这些偏酯与环氧乙烷的缩合产物如聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯。乳液还可以含有甜味剂和调味剂。糖浆和酏剂可以用甜味剂配制,甜味剂例如甘油、山梨糖醇或蔗糖。这种制剂还可以含有缓和剂、防腐剂、调味剂或着色剂。
本发明的药物组合物可以是无菌可注射制剂的形式,例如无菌可注射水性或油性悬浮液。该悬浮液可以根据已知技术使用上面提到的那些合适的分散剂或润湿剂和悬浮剂配制。无菌可注射制剂还可以是在无毒的肠胃外可接受的稀释剂或溶剂中的无菌可注射溶液或悬浮液,例如在1,3-丁二醇中的溶液或制备成冻干粉末。可以使用的可接受的媒介物和溶剂是水、林格氏溶液和等渗氯化钠溶液。另外,无菌固定油通常可以用作溶剂或悬浮介质。为此目的,可以使用任何平淡的固定油,包括合成的甘油单酯或甘油二酯。此外,脂肪酸如油酸同样可以用于可注射制剂。可以使用的可接受的媒介物和溶剂是水、林格氏溶液、等渗氯化钠溶液和高渗氯化钠溶液。
可以与载体材料组合以产生单一剂型的活性成分的量将根据所治疗的宿主和特定的施用方式而变化。例如,用于向猫科动物口服施用的延时释放制剂可以含有约1至1000mg活性物质,其与适当且方便量的载体物质混合,所述载体可以为总组合物的约5至约95%(重量:重量)。药物组合物可以被制备成提供易于测量的施用量。例如,用于静脉内输注的水溶液可以含有每毫升溶液约3至500μg活性成分,以便可以以约30mL/小时的速率输注合适的体积。
适合于局部施用于眼睛的制剂还包括滴眼剂,其中活性成分溶解或悬浮在合适的载体中,尤其是用于活性成分的水性溶剂中。活性成分优选以0.5至20%,有利地以0.5至10%,特别是以约1.5%w/w的浓度存在于这种制剂中。
适合于在口腔中局部施用的制剂包括:含片,含有在调味基质中的活性成分,调味基质通常是蔗糖和阿拉伯胶或黄蓍胶;锭剂,包括惰性基质中的活性成分,惰性基质如明胶和甘油,或蔗糖和阿拉伯胶;和含有在合适的液体载体中的活性成分的漱口水。
用于直肠给药的制剂可以作为栓剂呈递,其具有合适的基质,包括例如可可脂或水杨酸酯。
适合于肺内或鼻内施用的制剂具有例如0.1至500微米的粒度,例如0.5、1、30、35等,其通过鼻腔通道快速吸入或通过口腔吸入施用,以到达肺泡囊。合适的制剂包括活性成分的水溶液或油溶液。适合于气溶胶或干粉施用的制剂可以根据常规方法制备,并且可以与其他治疗剂一起递送,其他治疗剂例如如下所述的迄今为止用于治疗或预防冠状病毒感染的化合物。
适合于阴道施用的制剂可以以阴道栓剂、棉塞、乳膏剂、凝胶剂、糊剂、泡沫剂或喷雾制剂呈递,除活性成分外还含有本领域已知的适当载体。
适合于胃肠外施用的制剂包括水性和非水性无菌注射溶液,其可以含有抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、抑菌剂和使制剂与预期接受者的血液等渗的溶质;以及水性和非水性无菌悬浮液,其可以包括悬浮剂和增稠剂。
制剂以单位剂量或多剂量容器呈递,例如密封的安瓿和小瓶,并且可以以冷冻干燥(冻干)条件储存,仅需要在使用前立即添加无菌液体载体例如注射用水。临时注射溶液和悬浮液由前述类型的无菌粉末、颗粒和片剂制备。优选的单位剂量制剂是含有如上所述的每日剂量或单位每日亚剂量或者其适当部分的活性成分的那些。
应当理解,除了上面特别提到的成分之外,本发明的制剂可以包括本领域常规的关于所讨论的制剂类型的其他试剂,例如适合于口服施用的那些可以包括调味剂。
本发明进一步提供兽药组合物,其包含至少一种如上定义的活性成分和用于其的兽药载体。
兽药载体是可用于施用该组合物的物质,并且可以是固体、液体或气体物质,其在兽医领域中是惰性的或可接受的并且与活性成分相容。这些兽药组合物可以口服、胃肠外或通过任何其他所需途径施用。
本发明的化合物用于提供含有一种或多种本发明化合物作为活性成分的控释药物制剂(“控释制剂”),其中控制和调节活性成分的释放以允许较低频率给药或改善给定活性成分的药代动力学或毒性特征。
IV.施用途径
通过适于待治疗病症的任何途径施用本发明的一种或多种化合物(本文称为活性成分)。合适的途径包括口服、直肠、鼻、肺、局部(包括口腔和舌下)、阴道和肠胃外(包括皮下、肌肉内、静脉内、皮内、鞘内和硬膜外)等。应当理解,优选途径可以根据例如接受者的病症而变化。
在用于治疗冠状病毒感染的本发明的方法中,本发明的化合物可以在任何时间施用于可能与其他患有冠状病毒感染或已经患有冠状病毒感染的猫科动物接触的猫科动物。在一些实施方案中,本发明的化合物可以预防性地施用于与患有冠状病毒感染的其他猫科动物接触的猫科动物。在一些实施方案中,本发明化合物可以施用于对冠状病毒感染测试呈阳性但仍未显示冠状病毒感染症状的猫科动物。在一些实施方案中,本发明化合物可以在冠状病毒感染症状开始时施用于猫科动物。
活性成分的有效剂量至少取决于所治疗病症的性质、毒性、化合物是预防性(较低剂量)使用或是抗活性病毒感染使用、递送方法和药物制剂,并且将由临床医生使用常规剂量递增研究来确定。可以预期每天约0.0001至约100mg/kg体重;通常,每天约0.01至约10mg/kg体重;更典型地,每天约0.01至约5mg/kg体重;最典型地,每天约0.05至约0.5mg/kg体重。
用于治疗冠状病毒感染的本发明化合物的有效剂量可取决于该剂量是预防性使用还是治疗已经患有冠状病毒感染的猫科动物。此外,该剂量可取决于患有冠状病毒感染的猫科动物是尚未显示出冠状病毒感染的症状或已经显示出冠状病毒感染的症状。与接受预防性治疗的猫科动物相比,治疗对冠状病毒感染测试阳性的猫科动物和显示冠状病毒感染症状的猫科动物可能需要更大的剂量。
考虑用于施用本发明化合物的任何合适的时间段。例如,施用可以是1天至100天,包括2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、15、20、25、30、40、50、60、70、80或90天。施用也可以是1周至15周,包括2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13或14周。还考虑了更长的施用期。施用时间取决于化合物是预防性施用还是治疗患有冠状病毒感染的猫科动物施用。例如,当猫科动物与患有冠状病毒感染的其他猫科动物经常接触时,预防性施用可持续一段时间,并且在最后一次接触患有冠状病毒感染的猫科动物后持续适当的一段时间。对于已经患有冠状病毒感染的猫科动物,施用期可以是治疗动物所需的任何时间长度,以及在冠状病毒感染阴性测试后的适当时间段,以确保冠状病毒感染不会复发。
V.实施例
实施例1.治疗猫科动物冠状病毒
在体外测定中筛选化合物1对猫冠状病毒的活性。将化合物1的系列稀释液与2.5×104拷贝的猫冠状病毒混合,并一式六份添加至具有预先接种的CRFK细胞的96孔板中。将板孵育72小时,然后用结晶紫染色细胞培养单层。通过视觉和使用盘式分析仪定量病毒诱导的细胞病变效应的水平。阳性对照孔包含没有化合物1的病毒。阴性对照孔缺乏病毒和化合物1两者。通过回归分析计算EC50。化合物1的EC50如表1所示。
表1
| EC50 | |
| 化合物1 | 0.77μM |
使用市售的CellTox Green细胞毒性测定(Promega)筛选化合物1在未感染的CRFK细胞中的细胞毒性。使用化合物1的系列稀释液一式六份,在96孔板甲酸盐中进行测定。通过回归分析计算72小时孵育后与50%细胞毒性相关的化合物浓度(CC50)。化合物1的CC50示于表2中。参见图1。
表2
| CC50 | |
| 化合物1 | >100μM |
实施例2.治疗测定
在Crandell Rees猫肾(CRFK)细胞中测试化合物对猫传染性腹膜炎病毒(FIPV)的抗病毒活性。将化合物的系列稀释液与10至100TCID50的FIPV混合,并加入至含有预接种的CRFK细胞的96孔板中。将板在37℃下孵育48小时。孵育后,使用结晶紫染色CRFK细胞单层,并使用吸光度盘式分析仪定量FIPV诱导的细胞病变效应的水平。使用非线性回归分析确定EC50值。参见图1至图15。
以上本文引用的所有出版物、专利和专利文献均通过引用并入本文,如同通过引用单独并入一样。
已经参考各种具体和优选的实施方案和技术描述了本发明。然而,本领域技术人员将理解,可以在将它们保持在本发明的精神和范围内的同时进行许多变化和修改。
尽管出于清楚理解的目的通过说明和实施例详细地描述了前述发明,但是本领域技术人员将理解,可以在所附权利要求的范围内实施某些改变和修改。另外,本文提供的每篇参考文献通过引用整体并入本文,其程度如同每篇参考文献通过引用单独并入。如果本申请与本文提供的参考文献之间存在冲突,则以本申请为准。
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2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述冠状病毒是猫肠道冠状病毒(FECV)或猫传染性腹膜炎病毒(FIPV)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用途,其中所述冠状病毒是猫肠道冠状病毒(FECV)或猫传染性腹膜炎病毒(FIPV)。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN119954834A (zh) * | 2025-02-07 | 2025-05-09 | 湖南尚成生物科技有限公司 | 一种化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂化物或前药及其用途 |
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