CN114832907B - Method for preparing lamellar nano particles in large scale by rapid cutting - Google Patents

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of nano material preparation, and discloses a method for preparing lamellar nano particles in a large scale by rapid cutting. The method mainly comprises the following steps of mixing a layered material with diamond particles, performing rotary crushing to obtain a layered nanoparticle mixture with the particle size of 10-300 nm and diamond particles kept in an original state, adding a solvent into the mixture, uniformly mixing, separating, and taking supernatant to obtain a high-concentration layered nanoparticle dispersion liquid. According to the application, dry physical crushing is adopted, the cutting speed is high, the diamond particles are introduced as a medium, so that the preparation efficiency is high, the energy consumption is low, the particle size of the obtained nano particles is controllable, the crystal structure is kept intact, and by-products such as functional groups and the like can not be introduced in the cutting process. The proper solvent is selected, the dispersibility and stability of the nano particles are good, and the concentration of the dispersion liquid is adjustable. The layered nano particles prepared by the method have great potential in the fields of energy storage, industrial catalyst carriers and solid lubrication.

Description

A method for rapid cutting and large-scale preparation of layered nanoparticles

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of nanomaterial preparation, and particularly relates to a method for rapid cutting and large-scale preparation of layered nanoparticles.

Background technique

Due to their ultra-thin characteristics, two-dimensional layered materials exhibit new physical and chemical properties and have potential applications in many fields. The preparation of ultrathin two-dimensional materials by exfoliation of layered materials is a current research hotspot. Compared with peeling off layered materials along the plane direction, there are few studies on cutting layered materials into small particles along the vertical direction. This is mainly because the peeling along the plane direction of the layered material mainly overcomes the van der Waals force, while the force along the direction perpendicular to the plane of the layered material needs to overcome the bonding between atoms in the plane of the layered material. . For example, the van der Waals force that needs to be overcome to peel off graphite in the vertical direction is 28 times stronger than in the plane direction. Therefore, selectively cutting layered materials into small nanoparticles is more difficult than peeling off layered materials.

The current methods for preparing layered nanomaterials mainly include ball milling and mechanical grinding. Both of them impact and grind the materials through a top-down method to refine them to nanometer-sized particles. The ball milling method is used to prepare layered nanomaterials. The ball milling environment can be divided into dry and wet according to different use requirements. In the case of wet grinding, the resulting layered nanomaterial dispersion is convenient for later processing and application, but the particle size continues to decrease. In the process, the ball milling efficiency also decreases, and the ball milling medium will make the purity of the ball milled product low. The use of dry grinding will also introduce other impurities on the surface of the peeling material due to the solid peeling medium. These introduced by-products, including functional groups or defects, will greatly reduce the performance of the material. Mechanical grinding is used to prepare layered nanomaterials. Since the shear force generated by contact with the wall is involved in the grinding and pulverizing process, it is easy for the layered materials to slip between layers and cause changes in the crystal structure. For example, 2H phase AB stacked graphite is transformed into 3R phase ABC stacking graphite. Secondly, due to the lubrication properties of layered materials at the nanoscale, the grinding and grinding process is very long and the efficiency is low without introducing grinding media and at a low grinding speed.

Traditional layered materials, such as natural graphite or artificial graphite, range in size from tens of microns to millimeters, while nanoscale graphite powder needs to be prepared through a special heat treatment process and precursor materials, resulting in low yield and high cost. Therefore, the current price of layered nanoparticles is much higher than that of microparticles. For example, the price of large-sized flake graphite or layered graphite is less than 1,000 yuan/ton, while the price of nanographite powder is 300 yuan/kg. At the same time, compared with two-dimensional nanostructures, high-quality layered nanoparticles retain the layered structure of the original material and have a large number of open edge structures, making them important in ion batteries, catalyst carriers, and solid lubrication. The application prospects include black background conductive coatings in picture tubes for electronic information, display manufacturing industries, chemical industry, steel lubrication, aerospace and other fields. Therefore, in the field of modern life and high-tech fields, it is of great significance to realize the low-cost preparation of large-scale high-quality layered nanoparticles.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art and provide a method for rapidly cutting and large-scale preparation of layered nanoparticles. The main principle is to crush layered materials through solid phase shearing, then add a suitable solvent, and shake Uniformly and centrifugally obtain high-quality layered nanoparticles. In this application, a graded crusher is used for crushing, and diamond particles are used as media to cut and crush the layered materials. This dry physical crushing method is highly efficient, and the resulting nanomaterials are of high quality and granular. The diameter is controllable, the crystal structure remains intact, and large-scale preparation can be achieved. Add the powder to a suitable solvent to obtain a nanoparticle dispersion with good dispersion and stability, which greatly improves the operability of nanomaterial applications.

In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A method for rapidly cutting large-scale preparation of high-quality layered nanoparticles, which mainly includes the following steps: mixing layered materials with diamond particles and then rotating and pulverizing them, and crushing the layered materials under the cutting action of diamond to obtain uniformly crushed solids. A mixture of phase powder and diamond particles that remains intact is added, a solvent is added to the mixture, mixed, and separated to obtain a high-concentration layered nanoparticle dispersion.

The concentration of the layered nanoparticle dispersion is 1 mg/mL to 10 mg/mL.

In the technical solution of the present invention, the following step is also included: drying the layered nanoparticle dispersion to obtain a solid phase layered nanopowder material. Preferably, the drying adopts freezing or supercritical drying.

In the technical solution of the present invention, the following steps are further included: dispersing the solid-phase layered nanopowder material in a solvent again to obtain a secondary dispersion containing the layered nanopowder material.

In the technical solution of the present invention, the concentration of the secondary dispersion containing layered nanopowder materials is 0.01 mg/mL to 10 mg/mL.

In the technical solution of the present invention, the layered materials include hexagonal boron nitride, graphite, layered sulfides, layered thermoelectric materials, layered topological insulators, layered oxide materials and transition metal layered rare earth materials, so The initial lateral size of the layered material is 2 to 10 microns.

In the technical solution of the present invention, the layered thermoelectric material includes bismuth telluride (Bi ₂ Te ₃ ) and antimony telluride (Sb ₂ Te ₃ ), and the layered sulfide includes molybdenum disulfide (MoS ₂ ), Tin disulfide (SnS ₂ ), the layered topological insulator includes bismuth selenide (Bi ₂ Se ₃ ), the layered oxide material includes titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ), and the transition metal layered rare earth material includes titanium carbide Aluminum (Ti ₂ AlC).

In the technical solution of the present invention, diamond is used as abrasive particles, which has the highest hardness (Mohs hardness is 10). The particle size of the diamond particles is 10 to 100 mesh, preferably 30 mesh. The shape and structure of the diamond particles during the crushing process It remains intact, no impurities are introduced, and the resulting layered nanoparticles have high purity.

In the technical solution of the present invention, the mass ratio of the layered material and diamond particles is (10:1) to (1:10), preferably 1:1.

In the technical solution of the present invention, the duration of the rotary crushing is 30 minutes to 10 hours. The device used during the rotary crushing is a classification pulverizer. The rotation speed of the classification pulverizer is set to 1000 to 3000rpm, preferably 2800rpm; unlike a ball mill, it is easy to cause The interlayer slippage of layered materials changes the crystal structure. The inner wall of the crushing cavity of the graded crusher is made of stainless steel. The center of the cavity is an integrated stainless steel grinding disc. Three hard crushing teeth are evenly distributed on the grinding disc, and the outer layer of the grinding disc is evenly spaced. Distributed 6 stainless steel grinding hammers. The motor of the classification crusher provides a rotational speed of up to 1000-3000 rpm, causing the mixture of layered materials and diamond particles to rotate in an orderly manner at high speed in the cavity. This method uses multiple high-speed rotating grinding hammers in the cavity to create a strong impact force perpendicular to the plane of the material. , the material is crushed on the collision surface, no impurities are introduced and the crystal structure of the product is intact. The high-speed rotating diamond particles collide with the layered material, and the sharp diamond front provides shearing force inclined to the plane of the layered material; the layered material is crushed under the cutting action of the diamond, thereby obtaining uniformly crushed solid powder and maintaining The solid phase powder obtained after crushing the original diamond particle mixture is mainly layered nanoparticles with a particle size of 10 to 300 nm.

In the technical solution of the present invention, the solvent includes deionized water, organic solvent, surfactant aqueous solution, and polymer aqueous solution.

In the technical solution of the present invention, the organic solvent is selected from methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, diethyl ether, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), N,N-dimethylformamide, and benzene; the surface The active agent aqueous solution is selected from sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate aqueous solution and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide aqueous solution; the polymer aqueous solution is selected from polystyrene sodium sulfonate aqueous solution.

In the technical solution of the present invention, the separation is static separation or centrifugal separation. The static separation is to leave the mixed system for 1 to 3 hours; the centrifugal separation is to separate the mixed system Centrifuge at a centrifugation rate of 10 to 3000 rpm for 5 to 30 minutes.

In the technical solution of the present invention, the particle size of the obtained layered nanoparticles is 10 to 300 nm.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The present invention adopts dry physical crushing and has fast cutting speed. The introduction of diamond particles as a medium results in high preparation efficiency and low energy consumption. The size of the obtained nanoparticles is controllable, the crystal structure remains intact, and will not be lost during the cutting process. Introduce by-products such as functional groups. After selecting the appropriate solvent, the nanoparticles have good dispersion and stability and the dispersion concentration can be adjusted. The obtained layered nanoparticles with particle sizes ranging from 10 to 300 nm have significant potential in the fields of energy storage, industrial catalyst carriers and solid lubrication.

(2) The present invention uses a graded pulverizer for dry physical pulverization. In this method, the closed cavity of the pulverizer contains six stainless steel grinding hammers, which provide a powerful wind field at a speed of up to 2800 rpm, driving the mixture in it to move in a high-speed and orderly manner. . On the one hand, the collision of the grinding hammers creates a strong impact force perpendicular to the material plane, and the layered material is initially crushed on the collision surface; on the other hand, the diamond particles and layered materials fully collide in the cavity. During the collision, A single diamond particle can provide cutting force to act on the layered material. After thousands of cuttings, the layered material transforms from an initial sheet into a granular form. Compared with the ball milling method where two iron balls only provide one collision site, this method is more efficient in crushing, and the nanoparticles obtained have high purity and intact crystal structure. At the same time, since the number of diamond particles is much larger than that of ball milling media, the time for crushing and refining will be greatly reduced, and the energy consumption will be greatly reduced.

(3) Compared with wet grinding by adding solvent, using the preparation method of the present invention, the layered material and diamond particles can be spatially dispersed in the crusher cavity, making the effect of the diamond particles more obvious. The solid phase powder obtained after crushing can be further processed. According to the difference in solubility of layered materials in different solvents, a suitable solvent is added to the mixture obtained after crushing, and the diamond particles and the layers that are still larger after cutting are separated by centrifugation. particles, a high-quality layered nanoparticle dispersion can be obtained. At the same time, by changing the volume of the solvent, a layered nanoparticle dispersion with uniform dispersion and adjustable concentration can be obtained, which can be directly used in catalysis, energy, and solid lubrication. and inkjet printing and other fields.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram comparing the rapid cutting of layered materials according to the present invention and the prior art ball milling method for peeling off layered materials.

Figure 2 is an SEM image of the original layered graphite in Example 1.

Figure 3 is an SEM image of the small-sized graphite prepared in Example 1.

Figure 4 is the XRD pattern of the mixture of small-sized graphite and diamond prepared in Example 3 and the original graphite powder.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the examples and comparative examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

In order to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention more clearly, the present invention is now described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the actual operation of the method and are not intended to limit the implementation. In addition to the following operation examples, details can also be optimized or changed. It is not necessary and impossible to exhaustively list all implementation methods here. Any common-sense modifications made based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the present invention, the layered material is mixed with diamond particles and then pulverized by high-speed rotation, and the layered material is pulverized under the cutting action of diamond, thereby obtaining uniformly pulverized solid phase powder. During the crushing process, the grinding hammer of the classification pulverizer operates at high speed to provide force to the diamond particles. The direction of the shearing force is inclined to the plane of the layered material, and the sharp front of the diamond cuts the layered material into nano-sized particle powder; The direction of the extrusion force is perpendicular to the plane of the layered material and is provided by the collision surface of the high-speed rotating grinding hammer. Among them, the cutting force provided by diamond particles plays the main role in crushing and refining.

In the present invention, the device used for rotational crushing is a classification pulverizer. Unlike ball mills, which easily cause interlayer slippage of layered materials to prepare flaky two-dimensional materials, this method uses multiple high-speed rotating grinding hammers to create powerful impacts. Force, the material is crushed on the collision surface, and the resulting layered nanoparticles have high purity and the crystal structure remains intact. Secondly, the layered material and diamond particles are mixed in proportion, and then placed in the closed cavity of the classification pulverizer. After setting the appropriate rotation speed, the machine is started. The rotating grinding hammer in the cavity creates a strong wind field, driving the mixture in it at high speed and effectively Sequential motion, under the action of the centrifugal field and gravity field, the grinding hammers collide with each other to create a strong impact force perpendicular to the material plane, crushing the layered material on the collision surface, and the diamond particles collide with the layered material. The particle size of the layered material is refined by applying a cutting force in a direction oblique to the plane of the layered material. Since small particles of diamond are used as the crushing medium, in the same grinding time, compared with the situation without adding diamond, the particle size of the layered graphite particles obtained after adding diamond is greatly reduced. The solid phase powder crushed by this method has high quality, intact crystal structure, and is easy to be processed later. Add a solvent to the mixture obtained after crushing, mix and separate, and take the supernatant to obtain a high-quality layered nanoparticle dispersion with adjustable concentration. According to the difference in solubility of layered materials in different solvents, the solvents involved in the present invention include deionized water, organic solvents, surfactant aqueous solutions and polymer aqueous solutions. The organic solvents are preferably methanol, absolute ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and acetone. , diethyl ether, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), N, N-dimethylformamide, benzene, the surfactant aqueous solution is preferably sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate aqueous solution, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide aqueous solution The aqueous polymer solution is preferably an aqueous sodium polystyrene sulfonate solution.

The particle size of the nanoparticles prepared by the invention is 10 to 300 nm, and the layered structure is still maintained and the crystal structure is intact. Specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

Example 1

Mix the layered graphite (10 microns in transverse size) and diamond particles (30 mesh) in a mass ratio of 1:1, and then place them in the crushing chamber of the classification crusher. Set the rotation speed to 2800 rpm for crushing and refinement. The crushing time is 3 hours. A mixture of crushed graphite and diamond particles is obtained. The pulverized mixture was dispersed into an isopropyl alcohol solution at a concentration of 10 mg/mL, and then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes. The supernatant was taken to obtain a high-quality nanographite particle dispersion with an average particle size of less than 300 nm.

Example 2

Mix the layered graphite (10 microns in transverse size) and diamond particles (30 mesh) in a mass ratio of 1:1, and then place them in the crushing chamber of the classification crusher. Set the rotation speed to 2800 rpm and the crushing time is 1 hour. The mixture obtained after grinding was dispersed into an isopropyl alcohol solution at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was taken to obtain a graphite dispersion with an average particle size of less than 300 nm.

Example 3

Mix the layered graphite (10 microns in transverse size) and diamond particles (30 mesh) in a mass ratio of 1:1, and then place them in the crushing chamber of the classification crusher. Set the rotation speed to 2800 rpm and the crushing time is 5 hours. The mixture obtained after crushing was dispersed into an isopropyl alcohol solution at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, and the supernatant was taken to obtain a high-quality nanographite particle dispersion with an average particle size of less than 300 nm.

Example 4

Mix the layered graphite (10 microns in transverse size) and diamond particles (30 mesh) in a mass ratio of 1:1, and then place them in the crushing chamber of the classification crusher. Set the rotation speed to 1500 rpm and the crushing time is 5 hours. The mixture obtained after crushing was dispersed into an isopropyl alcohol solution at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, and the supernatant was taken to obtain a high-quality nanographite particle dispersion with an average particle size of less than 300 nm.

Example 5

Mix the layered graphite (10 microns in transverse size) and diamond particles (30 mesh) in a mass ratio of 1:5, and then place them in the crushing chamber of the classification crusher. Set the rotation speed to 2800 rpm and the crushing time is 5 hours. The mixture obtained after crushing was dispersed into an isopropyl alcohol solution at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, and the supernatant was taken to obtain a high-quality nanographite particle dispersion with an average particle size of less than 300 nm.

Example 6

Mix the layered graphite (10 microns in transverse size) and diamond particles (30 mesh) in a mass ratio of 1:10, and then place them in the crushing chamber of the classification crusher. Set the rotation speed to 2800 rpm and the crushing time is 5 hours. The mixture obtained after crushing was dispersed into an isopropyl alcohol solution at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, and the supernatant was taken to obtain a high-quality nanographite particle dispersion with an average particle size of less than 300 nm.

Example 7

Mix hexagonal boron nitride (transverse size 10 microns) and diamond particles (30 mesh) at a mass ratio of 1:1, then place them in the crushing chamber of a graded crusher, set the rotation speed to 2800 rpm, and crush for 5 hours. Disperse the crushed mixture into an isopropyl alcohol solution at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, and take the supernatant to obtain a high-quality nano boron nitride particle dispersion with an average particle size of less than 300 nm.

Example 8

Mix layered molybdenum sulfide (10 microns in transverse size) and diamond particles (30 mesh) in a mass ratio of 1:1, and then place them in the crushing chamber of a graded crusher, set the rotation speed to 2800 rpm, and crush for 5 hours. The mixture obtained after crushing was dispersed into an anhydrous ethanol solution at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, and the supernatant was taken to obtain a high-quality nano-molybdenum sulfide particle dispersion with an average particle size of less than 300 nm.

Example 9

Mix layered bismuth telluride (10 microns in transverse size) and diamond particles (30 mesh) at a mass ratio of 1:1, and then place them in the crushing chamber of a graded crusher, set the rotation speed to 2800 rpm, and crush for 5 hours. Disperse the crushed mixture into an anhydrous ethanol solution at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, and take the supernatant to obtain a high-quality nano-bismuth telluride particle dispersion with an average particle size of less than 300 nm.

Example 10

Mix layered bismuth selenide (10 microns in transverse size) and diamond particles (30 mesh) in a mass ratio of 1:1, and then place them in the crushing chamber of a graded crusher, set the rotation speed to 2800 rpm, and crush for 5 hours. The mixture obtained after crushing was dispersed into a mixture of acetone and deionized water at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, and the supernatant was taken to obtain a high-quality nano-bismuth selenide particle dispersion with an average particle size of less than 300 nm.

Example 11

Mix layered titanium dioxide (transverse size 10 microns) and diamond particles (30 mesh) at a mass ratio of 1:1, then place them in the crushing chamber of a graded crusher, set the rotation speed to 2800 rpm, and crush for 5 hours. The mixture obtained after crushing was dispersed into deionized water at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, and the supernatant was taken to obtain a high-quality nano titanium dioxide particle dispersion with an average particle size of less than 300 nm.

Example 12

Mix the layered titanium aluminum carbide (transverse size 10 microns) and diamond particles (30 mesh) evenly at a mass ratio of 1:1, and then place them in the crushing chamber of a graded crusher, set the rotation speed to 2800 rpm, and crush for 5 hours. The pulverized mixture was dispersed into an anhydrous ethanol solution at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, and the supernatant was taken to obtain a high-quality nano-titanium aluminum carbide particle dispersion with an average particle size of less than 300 nm.

Comparative example 1

Place the layered graphite (transverse size 10 microns) in the crushing chamber of the classification crusher, set the rotation speed to 2800 rpm for crushing and refinement, the crushing time is 3 hours, and the crushed product is dispersed into the isopropyl alcohol solution at a concentration of 5 mg/mL. , then centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, take the supernatant, and obtain a graphite dispersion with an average particle size of 1 micron.

Result analysis

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram comparing the rapid cutting of layered materials according to the present invention and the prior art ball milling method for peeling off layered materials. In the existing technology, ball milling peeling is based on shear force parallel to the plane of the layered material. During high-speed rotation, if the direction of the layered material on the plane is parallel to the momentum direction of the ball, the layered material will gradually be Peel off into a few layers or a single layer of material; the rapid cutting in the present invention is based on the cutting force provided by diamond perpendicular to the plane of the layered material. During the high-speed rotation process, the layered material is continuously cut, thereby transforming from the initial sheet into Granular.

Figure 2 is an SEM image of the original layered graphite in Example 1. In the picture, the original graphite exists in the form of flakes, with a lateral size of about 10 microns.

Figure 3 is an SEM image of the small-sized graphite prepared in Example 1. In the picture, small-sized graphite is evenly dispersed in the field of view of the scanning electron microscope. At the scale of 1 micron, ruler measurement and analysis show that most graphite exists in the form of particles, and the average particle size is below 300nm.

Figure 4 is the XRD pattern of the mixture of small-sized graphite and diamond prepared in Example 3 and the original graphite powder. The blue columnar line in the figure represents the characteristic peak position of 2H phase graphite. The graphite powder that has been crushed for 5 hours has the same characteristic peak as the original graphite powder at 2θ = 26.4°, and there is no obvious shift, indicating that the graphite powder is The original 2H phase structure is maintained during the crushing and refinement process.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, and combinations may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention. , simplification, should all be equivalent replacement methods, and are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In this way, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and equivalent technologies, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims (8)

1. A method for rapidly cutting large-scale preparation of layered nanoparticles, which is characterized by: including the following steps: mixing layered materials with diamond particles and then rotating and pulverizing them, and crushing the layered materials under the cutting action of diamond to obtain pulverized materials. Make a mixture of uniform solid phase powder and diamond particles that remain intact, add a solvent to the mixture, mix and separate to obtain a layered nanoparticle dispersion; The particle size of the diamond particles is 30 mesh; the mass ratio of the layered material and diamond particles is (10:1) to (1:10); The duration of the rotary grinding is 30 minutes to 10 hours. The device used during rotary grinding is a grading pulverizer. The rotation speed of the grading pulverizer is set to 2800 rpm. The inner wall of the pulverizing cavity of the grading pulverizer is made of stainless steel, and the center of the cavity is an integrated stainless steel grinding disc. , three hard crushing teeth are evenly distributed on the grinding disc, and 6 stainless steel grinding hammers are evenly spaced on the outer layer of the grinding disc. 2. The method for rapid cutting and large-scale preparation of layered nanoparticles according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concentration of the layered nanoparticle dispersion is 1 mg/mL to 10 mg/mL. 3. The method for rapidly cutting large-scale preparation of layered nanoparticles according to claim 1, characterized in that: it also includes the following steps: drying the layered nanoparticle dispersion to obtain a solid phase layered nanopowder material, The drying adopts freezing or supercritical drying. 4. The method for rapidly cutting large-scale preparation of layered nanoparticles according to claim 3, characterized in that: it also includes the following steps: dispersing the solid phase layered nanopowder material in a solvent again to obtain layered nanoparticles. Secondary dispersion of nanopowder materials; The concentration of the secondary dispersion containing layered nanopowder material is 0.01 mg/mL to 10 mg/mL. 5. The method for rapidly cutting large-scale preparation of layered nanoparticles according to claim 1, characterized in that: the layered materials include hexagonal boron nitride, graphite, layered sulfide, layered thermoelectric materials, layered Topological insulators, layered oxide materials and transition metal layered rare earth materials, the initial lateral size of the layered materials is 2 to 10 microns. 6. The method for rapidly cutting large-scale preparation of layered nanoparticles according to claim 5, characterized in that: the layered thermoelectric material includes bismuth telluride and antimony telluride, and the layered sulfide includes molybdenum disulfide. , tin disulfide, the layered topological insulator includes bismuth selenide, the layered oxide material includes titanium dioxide, and the transition metal layered rare earth material includes titanium aluminum carbide. 7. The method for large-scale preparation of layered nanoparticles by rapid cutting according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: the solvent includes deionized water, organic solvent, surfactant aqueous solution, and polymer aqueous solution; The organic solvent is selected from methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, ether, N-methylpyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, and benzene; the surfactant aqueous solution is selected from dodecylbenzene sulfonate Sodium acid aqueous solution, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide aqueous solution; the polymer aqueous solution is selected from sodium polystyrene sulfonate aqueous solution. 8. The method for rapidly cutting large-scale preparation of layered nanoparticles according to claim 1, characterized in that: the separation is static separation or centrifugal separation, and the static separation is to statically mix the mixed system. Leave for 1-3 hours; the centrifugal separation is to centrifuge the mixed system at a centrifugal speed of 10-3000 rpm for 5-30 minutes.