CN114832907A - Method for preparing layered nanoparticles in large scale by fast cutting - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of nano material preparation, and discloses a method for rapidly cutting large-scale preparation of layered nano particles. The method mainly includes the following steps: mixing layered material and diamond particles and then performing rotary pulverization to obtain a mixture of layered nanoparticles with a particle size of 10-300 nm and diamond particles remaining in the original state, adding a solvent to the mixture, mixing uniformly, Separate and take the supernatant to obtain a high-concentration layered nanoparticle dispersion. The invention adopts dry physical pulverization, the cutting speed is fast, and diamond particles are introduced as the medium, so that the preparation efficiency is high, the energy consumption is low, the particle size of the obtained nanoparticles is controllable, the crystal structure is kept intact, and no functional groups are introduced in the cutting process. by-product. By choosing a suitable solvent, the nanoparticles have good dispersibility and stability and the concentration of the dispersion can be adjusted. The layered nanoparticles prepared by the invention have great potential in the fields of energy storage, industrial catalyst carrier and solid lubrication.

Description

A method for rapid cutting and large-scale preparation of layered nanoparticles

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of nanomaterial preparation, in particular to a method for rapidly cutting large-scale preparation of layered nanoparticles.

Background technique

Due to their ultrathin characteristics, 2D layered materials exhibit new physical and chemical properties and have potential applications in many fields. The preparation of ultrathin two-dimensional materials by exfoliation of layered materials is a hot research topic at present. Compared with the exfoliation of the layered material in the plane direction, there is little research on cutting the layered material into small particles in the vertical direction. This is mainly because the exfoliation along the plane of the layered material mainly overcomes the van der Waals force, while the force along the direction perpendicular to the plane of the layered material needs to overcome the bonding between atoms in the plane of the layered material. . For example, the exfoliation of graphite in the vertical direction is 28 times stronger than the van der Waals forces that need to be overcome in the plane direction. Therefore, it is more difficult to selectively cleave the layered material into small nanoparticles than to exfoliate the layered material.

The current methods for preparing layered nanomaterials mainly include ball milling and mechanical milling, both of which impact and grind the materials in a top-down manner to refine the crumbs to nano-sized particles. The layered nanomaterials are prepared by the ball milling method. The ball milling environment can be divided into two types: dry and wet according to different application requirements. In the case of wet milling, the obtained layered nanomaterial dispersion is convenient for post-processing and application, but the particle size continues to decrease. During the process, the ball milling efficiency also decreases, and the ball milling medium will make the product purity after ball milling not high. The use of dry grinding will also introduce other impurities on the surface of the peeling material due to the solid peeling medium. These introduced by-products, including functional groups or defects, can greatly reduce the performance of the material. The mechanical grinding method is used to prepare layered nanomaterials. Due to the shear force generated by contact with the wall during the grinding and pulverization process, it is easy to cause the layered materials to slip between the layers and cause the crystal structure to change. For example, the 2H phase AB stacking graphite is converted into 3R phase ABC stacking graphite, secondly, due to the lubricating properties of layered materials at the nanoscale, the grinding process is very long and the efficiency is low without the introduction of grinding media and the low grinding speed.

Traditional layered materials, such as natural graphite or artificial graphite, have sizes ranging from tens of microns to millimeters, while nano-scale graphite powders need to be prepared through special heat treatment processes and precursor materials, resulting in low yield and high cost. Therefore, the price of layered nanoparticles is currently much higher than that of microparticles. For example, the price of large-sized flake graphite or layered graphite is less than 1,000 yuan/ton, while the price of nano-graphite powder is 300 yuan/kg. At the same time, compared with 2D nanostructures, high-quality layered nanoparticles retain the layered structure of the original material and have a large number of open edge structures, making them important in ion batteries, catalyst supports, and solid lubrication. It can be used in kinescopes of electronic information, black conductive coatings in the display manufacturing industry, chemical industry, steel lubrication, aerospace and other fields. Therefore, it is of great significance to realize the low-cost preparation of large-scale high-quality layered nanoparticles in the field of modern life and high-tech fields.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention aims to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art, and provides a method for rapidly cutting large-scale preparation of layered nanoparticles. Homogeneous and centrifuged to obtain high-quality layered nanoparticles. In this application, a grading pulverizer is used for pulverization. At the same time, diamond particles are used as a medium to cut and pulverize layered materials. This dry physical pulverization method is highly efficient, and the obtained nanomaterials are of high quality and particle size. The diameter is controllable, the crystal structure remains intact, and large-scale preparation can be achieved. The powder is added to a suitable solvent to obtain a nanoparticle dispersion liquid with good dispersibility and stability, which greatly improves the operability of the application of nanomaterials.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A method for rapidly cutting large-scale preparation of high-quality layered nanoparticles mainly includes the following steps: mixing layered materials with diamond particles and then performing rotary pulverization, and pulverizing the layered materials under the cutting action of diamonds to obtain uniformly pulverized solids. The phase powder and the diamond particles remaining in the original state are added with a solvent, mixed uniformly, and separated to obtain a high-concentration layered nanoparticle dispersion.

The concentration of the layered nanoparticle dispersion liquid is 1 mg/mL to 10 mg/mL.

In the technical solution of the present invention, the following steps are further included: drying the layered nanoparticle dispersion to obtain a solid-phase layered nanopowder material, preferably, the drying adopts freezing or supercritical drying.

In the technical scheme of the present invention, the following steps are further included: redispersing the solid-phase layered nano-powder material in a solvent to obtain a secondary dispersion liquid containing the layered nano-powder material.

In the technical solution of the present invention, the concentration of the secondary dispersion liquid containing the layered nano-powder material is 0.01 mg/mL to 10 mg/mL.

In the technical solution of the present invention, the layered materials include hexagonal boron nitride, graphite, layered sulfides, layered thermoelectric materials, layered topological insulators, layered oxide materials and transition metal layered rare earth materials. The initial lateral dimension of the layered material is 2-10 microns.

In the technical solution of the present invention, the layered thermoelectric material includes bismuth telluride (Bi ₂ Te ₃ ), antimony telluride (Sb ₂ Te ₃ ), and the layered sulfide includes molybdenum disulfide (MoS ₂ ), Tin disulfide (SnS ₂ ), the layered topological insulator includes bismuth selenide (Bi ₂ Se ₃ ), the layered oxide material includes titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ), and the transition metal layered rare earth material includes titanium carbide Aluminum (Ti ₂ AlC).

In the technical scheme of the present invention, diamond is used as the grinding particle, and its hardness is the highest (Mohs hardness is 10), and the particle size of the diamond particle is 10-100 mesh, preferably 30 mesh. Keeping intact, no impurities are introduced, and the obtained layered nanoparticles are of high purity.

In the technical solution of the present invention, the mass ratio of the layered material and the diamond particles is (10:1)˜(1:10), preferably 1:1.

In the technical solution of the present invention, the duration of the rotary pulverization is 30 minutes to 10 hours, the device used during the rotary pulverization is a classification pulverizer, and the rotating speed of the classification pulverizer is set to 1000 to 3000 rpm, preferably 2800 rpm; The layered material slips between layers to change the characteristics of the crystal structure. The inner wall of the crushing cavity of the classification pulverizer is made of stainless steel, and the center of the cavity is integrally formed with a stainless steel grinding disc. Three hard crushing teeth are evenly distributed on the grinding disc, and the outer layer of the grinding disc is evenly spaced. Distributed 6 stainless steel grinding hammers. The motor of the classification pulverizer provides a rotational speed of up to 1000-3000 rpm, so that the mixture of layered materials and diamond particles rotates in a high-speed and orderly manner in the cavity. This method uses multiple high-speed rotating grinding hammers in the cavity to create a strong impact force perpendicular to the material plane. , the material is pulverized on the collision surface, no impurities are introduced, and the crystal structure of the product is intact. The high-speed rotating diamond particles collide with the layered material, and the sharp diamond front provides a shear force inclined to the plane of the layered material; the layered material is pulverized under the cutting action of the diamond, so as to obtain uniformly pulverized solid phase powder and maintain The solid phase powder obtained after pulverizing the original diamond particle mixture is mainly layered nanoparticles with a particle size of 10-300 nm.

In the technical solution of the present invention, the solvent includes deionized water, an organic solvent, an aqueous surfactant solution, and an aqueous polymer solution.

In the technical scheme of the present invention, the organic solvent is selected from methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, diethyl ether, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), N,N-dimethylformamide, and benzene; the surface The active agent aqueous solution is selected from an aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and an aqueous solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; the aqueous polymer solution is selected from an aqueous solution of sodium polystyrene sulfonate.

In the technical solution of the present invention, the separation is static separation or centrifugal separation, and the static separation is to leave the mixed system for 1-3 hours; the centrifugal separation is to separate the mixed The centrifugation time is 5 to 30 minutes at a centrifugation speed of 10 to 3000 rpm.

In the technical solution of the present invention, the particle size of the obtained layered nanoparticles is 10-300 nm.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The present invention adopts dry physical pulverization, the cutting speed is fast, and diamond particles are introduced as the medium, so that the preparation efficiency is high, the energy consumption is low, the particle size of the obtained nano-particles is controllable, the crystal structure is kept intact, and it will not be damaged during the cutting process. By-products such as functional groups are introduced. After selecting a suitable solvent, the nanoparticles have good dispersion and stability, and the concentration of the dispersion can be adjusted. The obtained layered nanoparticles with a particle size of 10-300 nm have great potential in the fields of energy storage, industrial catalyst support and solid lubrication.

(2) The dry physical pulverization of the present invention adopts a grading pulverizer. In this method, the closed cavity of the pulverizer contains six stainless steel grinding hammers, which provide a powerful wind field at a rotating speed of up to 2800 rpm, and drive the mixture in it to move at a high speed and orderly. . On the one hand, the grinding hammer collides to produce a strong impact force perpendicular to the material plane, and the layered material is initially crushed on the collision surface; on the other hand, the diamond particles collide with the layered material in the cavity, and during the collision A single diamond particle can provide a cutting force to the layered material, and after thousands of cuts, the layered material is transformed from the original sheet to the granular form. Compared with the ball milling method, which only provides one collision site for two iron balls, the pulverization efficiency of this method is higher, and the obtained nanoparticles have high purity and good crystal structure. At the same time, because the number of diamond particles is much larger than that of the ball milling medium, the time for crushing and refining will be greatly reduced, and the energy consumption will be greatly reduced.

(3) Compared with wet grinding by adding solvent, by using the preparation method of the present invention, the layered material and the diamond particles can be dispersed in the cavity of the pulverizer, so that the effect of the diamond particles is more obvious. The solid phase powder obtained after pulverization can be further processed. According to the difference in the solubility of the layered material in different solvents, a suitable solvent is added to the mixture obtained after pulverization, and the diamond particles are separated by centrifugation. At the same time, by changing the volume of the solvent, a layered nanoparticle dispersion with uniform dispersion and adjustable concentration can be obtained, which can be directly used in catalysis, energy, solid lubrication and inkjet printing.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the comparison between the rapid cutting of the layered material of the present invention and the peeling of the layered material by the ball milling method in the prior art.

FIG. 2 is an SEM image of the pristine layered graphite in Example 1. FIG.

FIG. 3 is an SEM image of the small-sized graphite prepared in Example 1. FIG.

4 is the XRD pattern of the small-sized graphite and diamond mixture prepared in Example 3, and the original graphite powder.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the examples and comparative examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

In order to make those skilled in the art understand the present invention more clearly, the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the actual operation of the method, rather than limiting the implementation. In addition to the following operational examples, details may be optimized or modified, and all implementations need not and cannot be exhaustive here. As long as it is a common-sense modification scheme made on the basis of the embodiments of the present invention, it falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the present invention, the layered material is mixed with the diamond particles and then pulverized by high-speed rotation, and the layered material is pulverized under the cutting action of the diamond, thereby obtaining uniformly pulverized solid phase powder. During the pulverization process, the grinding hammer of the classifying pulverizer runs at a high speed to provide a force to the diamond particles, the direction of the shear force is inclined to the plane of the layered material, and the sharp front of the diamond cuts the layered material into nano-scale particle powder; The direction of the pressing force is perpendicular to the plane of the layered material, and is provided by the collision surface of the high-speed rotating grinding hammer. Among them, the cutting force provided by the diamond particles plays a major role in crushing and refining.

In the present invention, the device used in the rotary pulverization is a grading pulverizer, which is different from the characteristics of a ball mill that easily causes interlayer slippage of layered materials to prepare flake two-dimensional materials. This method uses multiple high-speed rotating grinding hammers to produce powerful impact The material is crushed on the collision surface, and the obtained layered nanoparticles have high purity and keep the crystal structure intact. Secondly, the layered material is mixed with diamond particles in proportion, and then placed in the closed cavity of the classification pulverizer. After setting the appropriate speed, the machine is started. The grinding hammer rotating in the cavity creates a strong wind field, which drives the mixture in it at a high speed. Sequential motion, under the action of centrifugal field and gravitational field, the collision between the grinding hammers creates a strong impact force perpendicular to the material plane, the layered material is crushed on the collision surface, and the diamond particles collide with the layered material. The particle size of the layered material is refined by applying a cutting force in a direction oblique to the plane of the layered material. Due to the use of small particles of diamond as the grinding medium, in the same grinding time, the particle size of the layered graphite particles obtained after adding diamond is greatly reduced compared with the case without adding diamond. The solid-phase powder pulverized by this method has high quality, intact crystal structure, and is easy to be processed later. A solvent is added to the obtained mixture after pulverization, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and separated, and the supernatant is taken to obtain a high-quality layered nanoparticle dispersion liquid with adjustable concentration. According to the difference in solubility of the layered material in different solvents, the solvents involved in the present invention include deionized water, organic solvents, aqueous surfactant solutions and aqueous polymer solutions, and the organic solvents are preferably methanol, absolute ethanol, isopropanol, and acetone. , ether, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), N,N-dimethylformamide, benzene, aqueous surfactant solution preferably sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate aqueous solution, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide aqueous solution The aqueous polymer solution is preferably an aqueous solution of sodium polystyrene sulfonate.

The particle size of the nanoparticles prepared by the invention is 10-300 nm, and the layered structure is still maintained and the crystal structure is intact. Specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

Example 1

Mix layered graphite (10 microns in lateral size) and diamond particles (30 mesh) with a mass ratio of 1:1, and then place it in the crushing chamber of a classifying pulverizer. A pulverized mixture of graphite and diamond particles is obtained. The pulverized mixture was dispersed into isopropanol solution at a concentration of 10 mg/mL, then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was taken to obtain a high-quality nano-graphite particle dispersion with an average particle diameter of 300 nm or less.

Example 2

Layered graphite (10 microns in lateral size) and diamond particles (30 mesh) were uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1, and then placed in the crushing chamber of a classifying pulverizer. The pulverized mixture was dispersed in an isopropanol solution at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was collected to obtain a graphite dispersion having an average particle diameter of 300 nm or less.

Example 3

Layered graphite (10 microns in lateral size) and diamond particles (30 mesh) were mixed uniformly at a mass ratio of 1:1, and then placed in the crushing cavity of a classifier pulverizer, with a rotating speed of 2800 rpm and a pulverization time of 5 hours. The pulverized mixture was dispersed into isopropanol solution at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, and the supernatant was taken to obtain a high-quality nanographite particle dispersion with an average particle size of less than 300 nm.

Example 4

Layered graphite (10 microns in lateral size) and diamond particles (30 mesh) were uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1, and then placed in the crushing chamber of a classifying pulverizer, with a rotating speed of 1500 rpm and a grinding time of 5 hours. The pulverized mixture was dispersed into isopropanol solution at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, and the supernatant was collected to obtain a high-quality nano-graphite particle dispersion with an average particle size of less than 300 nm.

Example 5

Layered graphite (10 microns in lateral size) and diamond particles (30 mesh) were mixed uniformly at a mass ratio of 1:5, and then placed in the crushing chamber of a classifier pulverizer, with a rotating speed of 2800 rpm and a pulverization time of 5 hours. The pulverized mixture was dispersed into isopropanol solution at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, and the supernatant was collected to obtain a high-quality nano-graphite particle dispersion with an average particle size of less than 300 nm.

Example 6

Layered graphite (10 microns in lateral size) and diamond particles (30 mesh) were uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 1:10, and then placed in the crushing chamber of a classifier pulverizer, with a rotating speed of 2800 rpm and a pulverization time of 5 hours. The pulverized mixture was dispersed into isopropanol solution at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, and the supernatant was collected to obtain a high-quality nano-graphite particle dispersion with an average particle size of less than 300 nm.

Example 7

Hexagonal boron nitride (10 microns in lateral size) and diamond particles (30 mesh) were mixed uniformly at a mass ratio of 1:1, and then placed in the crushing chamber of a classifier pulverizer. The pulverized mixture was dispersed into isopropanol solution at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, and the supernatant was taken to obtain a high-quality nano-boron nitride particle dispersion with an average particle size of less than 300 nm.

Example 8

The layered molybdenum sulfide (transverse size 10 microns) and diamond particles (30 mesh) were mixed uniformly at a mass ratio of 1:1, and then placed in the crushing cavity of a classifier pulverizer. The rotating speed was set to 2800 rpm, and the pulverization time was 5 hours. The pulverized mixture was dispersed into anhydrous ethanol solution at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, and the supernatant was taken to obtain a high-quality nano-molybdenum sulfide particle dispersion with an average particle size of less than 300 nm.

Example 9

The layered bismuth telluride (transverse size 10 microns) and diamond particles (30 mesh) were mixed uniformly at a mass ratio of 1:1, and then placed in the crushing cavity of a classifying pulverizer, the rotational speed was set to 2800 rpm, and the pulverization time was 5 hours. The pulverized mixture was dispersed into anhydrous ethanol solution at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, and the supernatant was taken to obtain a high-quality nano-bismuth telluride particle dispersion with an average particle size of less than 300 nm.

Example 10

The layered bismuth selenide (transverse size 10 microns) and diamond particles (30 mesh) were mixed uniformly at a mass ratio of 1:1, and then placed in the crushing chamber of a classifier pulverizer, the rotational speed was set to 2800 rpm, and the pulverization time was 5 hours. The pulverized mixture was dispersed into a mixed solution of acetone and deionized water at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, and the supernatant was taken to obtain a high-quality nano-bismuth selenide particle dispersion with an average particle size of less than 300 nm.

Example 11

Layered titanium dioxide (transverse size 10 microns) and diamond particles (30 mesh) were mixed uniformly at a mass ratio of 1:1, and then placed in the crushing cavity of a classifier pulverizer, with a rotating speed of 2800 rpm and a pulverization time of 5 hours. The pulverized mixture was dispersed into deionized water at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, and the supernatant was taken to obtain a high-quality nano-titania particle dispersion with an average particle size of less than 300 nm.

Example 12

The layered titanium aluminum carbide (transverse dimension 10 microns) and diamond particles (30 mesh) were mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 1:1, and then placed in the crushing chamber of a classifying pulverizer, with a rotating speed of 2800 rpm and a pulverization time of 5 hours. The pulverized mixture was dispersed into anhydrous ethanol solution at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, and the supernatant was taken to obtain a high-quality nano-titanium aluminum carbide particle dispersion with an average particle size of less than 300 nm.

Comparative Example 1

The layered graphite (transverse size 10 microns) is placed in the crushing cavity of the classification pulverizer, and the rotating speed is set to 2800 rpm for pulverization and refinement, and the pulverization time is 3 hours. , and then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, and the supernatant was taken to obtain a graphite dispersion with an average particle size of 1 μm.

Result analysis

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the comparison between the rapid cutting of the layered material of the present invention and the peeling of the layered material by the ball milling method in the prior art. In the prior art, ball-milling peeling is based on the shear force parallel to the plane of the layered material. During high-speed rotation, if the direction of the layered material on the plane is parallel to the direction of the momentum of the ball, the layered material will be gradually removed. It is exfoliated into few-layer or single-layer material; the rapid cutting in the present invention is based on the cutting force perpendicular to the plane of the layered material provided by the diamond, and during the high-speed rotation, the layered material is continuously cut, thereby transforming from the initial sheet to Granular.

FIG. 2 is an SEM image of the pristine layered graphite in Example 1. FIG. The original graphite in the figure exists in the form of flakes with a lateral dimension of about 10 microns.

FIG. 3 is an SEM image of the small-sized graphite prepared in Example 1. FIG. In the figure, the small-sized graphite is uniformly dispersed in the field of view of the scanning electron microscope. At the scale of 1 micron, most of the graphite exists in the form of particles and the average particle size is less than 300 nm through scale measurement and analysis.

4 is the XRD pattern of the small-sized graphite and diamond mixture prepared in Example 3, and the original graphite powder. The blue column line in the figure represents the characteristic peak position of 2H phase graphite. The graphite powder after 5 hours of pulverization and the original graphite powder have the same characteristic peak at 2θ=26.4°, and there is no obvious shift, indicating that the graphite powder is in the The original 2H phase structure is maintained during the crushing and refining process.

The above-mentioned embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the described embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, and combinations made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention , simplification, all should be equivalent replacement modes, and are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, provided that these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims (10)

1. a method for rapidly cutting large-scale preparation of layered nano-particles, is characterized in that: mainly comprise the following steps: after layered material is mixed with diamond particles, rotary pulverization is carried out, and layered material is pulverized under the cutting action of diamond to obtain Pulverize the uniform solid phase powder and the diamond particle mixture that remains in the original state, add a solvent to the mixture, mix evenly, and separate to obtain a layered nanoparticle dispersion. 2 . The method for large-scale preparation of layered nanoparticles by rapid cutting according to claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the layered nanoparticle dispersion liquid is 1 mg/mL to 10 mg/mL. 3 . 3. The method for rapidly cutting large-scale preparation of layered nanoparticles according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: drying the layered nanoparticle dispersion to obtain a solid-phase layered nanopowder material, Preferably, the drying adopts freezing or supercritical drying. 4. The method for rapidly cutting large-scale preparation of layered nanoparticles according to claim 3, further comprising the steps of: dispersing the solid-phase layered nano-powder material in a solvent again to obtain a layered Secondary dispersion of nano powder materials; Preferably, the concentration of the secondary dispersion liquid containing the layered nano-powder material is 0.01 mg/mL to 10 mg/mL. 5. The method for rapidly cutting large-scale preparation of layered nanoparticles according to claim 1, wherein the layered material comprises hexagonal boron nitride, graphite, layered sulfide, layered thermoelectric material, layered Topological insulators, layered oxide materials and transition metal layered rare earth materials, the layered materials have an initial lateral dimension of 2-10 microns. 6 . The method according to claim 5 , wherein the layered thermoelectric material comprises bismuth telluride and antimony telluride, and the layered sulfide comprises molybdenum disulfide. 7 . and tin disulfide, the layered topological insulator includes bismuth selenide, the layered oxide material includes titanium dioxide, and the transition metal layered rare earth material includes titanium aluminum carbide. 7. The method for rapidly cutting large-scale preparation of layered nanoparticles according to claim 1, characterized in that: the particle size of the diamond particles is 10-100 meshes, preferably 30 meshes; the layered material and diamond The mass ratio of the particles is (10:1) to (1:10), preferably 1:1. 8 . The method for preparing high-quality layered nanoparticles by rapid cutting according to claim 1 , wherein the time for said rotary pulverization is 30 minutes to 10 hours, and the device used during the rotary pulverization is a grading pulverizer. The rotating speed of the pulverizer is set to 1000-3000rpm; preferably 2800rpm, the inner wall of the pulverizing cavity of the grading pulverizer is made of stainless steel, and the center of the cavity is integrally formed with a stainless steel grinding disc. Distributed 6 stainless steel grinding hammers. 9. The method for rapidly cutting large-scale preparation of layered nanoparticles according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the solvent comprises deionized water, an organic solvent, an aqueous surfactant solution, and an aqueous polymer solution; Preferably, the organic solvent is selected from methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, diethyl ether, N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, and benzene; the surfactant aqueous solution is selected from dodecane Sodium benzenesulfonate aqueous solution, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide aqueous solution; the polymer aqueous solution is selected from polystyrene sodium sulfonate aqueous solution. 10. The method for large-scale preparation of layered nanoparticles by rapid cutting according to claim 1, wherein the separation is static separation or centrifugal separation, and the static separation is to statically separate the mixed system Set aside for 1 to 3 hours; the centrifugation is to centrifuge the mixed system at a centrifugal speed of 10 to 3000 rpm for 5 to 30 minutes.

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