CN1032981A - 用于测定钢铁中碳硫含量的添加剂 - Google Patents
用于测定钢铁中碳硫含量的添加剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1032981A CN1032981A CN 88106159 CN88106159A CN1032981A CN 1032981 A CN1032981 A CN 1032981A CN 88106159 CN88106159 CN 88106159 CN 88106159 A CN88106159 A CN 88106159A CN 1032981 A CN1032981 A CN 1032981A
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- iron
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009967 tasteless effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GJEAMHAFPYZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[S] Chemical compound [C].[S] GJEAMHAFPYZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 as mentioned above Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009614 chemical analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Investigating And Analyzing Materials By Characteristic Methods (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
用于测定钢铁中碳硫含量的添加剂,是一种钢铁
化学分析试剂。本发明选用干燥的Si粉,MoO3粉
和Sn粉按一定比例称取后混合均匀而成,其使用性
能及测试效果均显著优于现有添加剂。本添加剂使
测试结果稳定而准确,使试验操作简便而易行。本添
加剂原料来源广,加工工艺简单,无毒无味,经济效益
高,一般工厂均可组织生产。
Description
本发明属于钢铁化学分析试剂,具体地说是一种用于测定钢铁中碳硫含量的添加剂。
目前,用于测定钢铁中碳硫含量的添加剂通常有Sn、CuO、MOO3、SiO2、W和V2O5等(参见中华人民共和国国家标准GB223.1~GB223.2-81《钢铁及合金化学分析方法》)。常用的加热炉有管式炉、高频炉和电弧炉。实践证明,现在使用的这些添加剂存在着不少问题,主要有:①.现有添加剂由于使被测试样中的碳硫转化率较低(特别是对硫的测定转化率更低)而不稳定,且碳硫空白值大,因此测试数据误差较大。对合金钢中硫含量的测定,难以得出准确的结果。②.现有添加剂对生铁、合金钢、碳素钢等试样所定校正标尺不能通用,必须随时调整,这势必增加了试验操作的难度及工作量。③.现有添加剂由于粉尘量大,一般做约20个试样就必须清理一次粉尘,否则将明显影响测定结果,这也给试验操作带来了麻烦。④.现有添加剂发热量较小,试样重量小于1克时,必须加Fe粉,才能达到温度要求,并且耗氧量较大。⑤.现有添加剂由于导电性差,不能单独引弧。可见,现有添加剂的这些缺点,大大地降低了它的使用性能及测试效果。
本发明提供了一种用于测定钢铁中碳硫含量的复合添加剂,从而有效地解决了现有添加剂存在的上述这些问题,使测试结果稳定而准确,使试验操作简便而易行。
本发明的要点是选用干燥的Si粉,MOO3粉和Sn粉按一定比例称取后混合均匀。添加剂的成分配比可控制在(重量%):Si粉15~ 40%、MOO3粉8~30%,Sn粉30~75%。其最佳成分配比为(重量%):Si粉30%,MOO3粉15%、Sn粉55%。其中Si粉的粒度应为80~120目。
本发明与现有添加剂相比,具有发热量大,硫的转化率高,空白值小,导电性好,校正标尺通用等优点。本添加剂之所以具有这些优点,这与它的成分及其配比有直接的关系。本添加剂中Si粉的含量较高,实践证明,Si粉燃烧的发热量比同样重量的Fe粉要大四倍多,而放出等量热的耗氧量,Si粉仅为Fe粉的三分之二。因此,本添加剂发热量大,耗氧量小。硫的转化率主要取决于反应温度,添加剂发热量大,反应温度就高,硫的转化率也就高。由于硫的转化率提高了,所以对生铁、合金钢、碳素钢等试样所定校正标尺都能通用。添加剂所选用的Si粉和Sn粉一般不含碳硫,MOO3中虽可能含有微量硫,但本添加剂MOO3粉用量较小,因而碳硫空白值小(可忽略不计)。而现有添加剂在用电弧炉测定钢铁中的碳硫时,为补偿热量的不足,通常需不定量地加入纯铁粉。纯铁中含有碳硫,因而在测试中碳硫的空白难以扣除,特别是对于低碳硫含量试样的测定必然不准。由此可见,由于本添加剂对碳硫的转化率高而稳定,且空白值小,从而测试数据误差很小,均能满足国标规定的误差要求。本添加剂中的MOO3粉在用电弧炉加热测硫过程中具有特殊的搅拌作用。钢铁中的硫是在熔融试样的表面与氧接触生成SO2的,测定要求快速,甚至以秒计算,而硫从钢铁熔液内部扩散到表面则需要一定的时间。显然,提高反应温度将有利于增强硫的扩散速度,对硫的测定有好处,如上所述,其中的Si粉将对此作出贡献。而其中的MOO3粉将有另一个特殊作用,MOO3其熔点为795℃,沸点为1155℃,而且易于升华。在高温时,MOO3由固态变成气态,它的体积将增加3000余倍,气体的MOO3从熔融的试样中逸出时将引起熔液剧烈翻 腾,起到良好的搅拌作用,提高硫在熔液中的扩散速度,促进SO2的生成,以利于对硫的测定。在试验过程中,粉尘主要来自于MOO3,其次是Fe2O3和SnO2。本添加剂中MOO3用量较小,又不外加纯铁粉,同时,本添加剂含有较多的Si粉燃烧生成SiO2,它能形成FeO·SiO2复合物,可减少Fe2O3的粉尘量。所以,本添加剂连续化验50~60个试样不需要清理粉尘,而不影响测试结果。本添加剂中的Sn粉具有良好的助熔效果,Sn的熔点为231.8℃,可降低试样的熔点。众所周知,Sn是良好的导电体,Si属半导体,MOO3是不良导电体。而本添加剂中以Si粉和Sn粉为主体,所以三者混合后仍具有良好的导电性,能单独引弧。
本添加剂除具有上述优点外,还具有良好的经济效益。本添加剂与现有添加剂相比,其用量小,每做一个试样单就添加剂的成本费就可节省5.10分钱。由于本添加剂用于电弧炉有良好的测试效果,因而与现有添加剂常用于管式炉相比,每天按做100次试验计算,每年可节电8000度。所以,本添加剂的发明,对电弧炉在测定钢铁中碳硫含量试验中的推广应用将起到重要作用。
本添加剂主要用于电弧炉,对其它类型的炉子也有明显效果,其性能均优于现有添加剂。
下面是本发明的具体实施例。
本添加剂选用(重量%)干燥的Si粉(由单晶硅的废料制成,粒度80~120目)30%,MOO3粉15%、Sn粉55%混合均匀而成。添加剂应注意防潮,如发现受潮,烘干后使用不影响其性能。每公斤添加剂可作2500~3000个试样,添加剂用量与试样重量有关,通常按试样量加添加剂量约1克左右为宜。譬如,当试样量为0.20~0.25克时,添加剂量可为0.50克左右;当试样量为0.50 克时,添加剂量可为0.40克左右;当试样量为1克时,添加剂量可为0.30克左右;对于称量较少的极难熔的试样,添加剂可酌情多加,但一般不超过0.70克。使用时一般先加添加剂,后加试样,但若后加添加剂也无明显差异。本添加剂一次加入即可。
用本发明添加剂,采用HB-2H高速自动引燃炉(电弧炉)加热测定钢铁中的碳硫含量,用碳钢定标尺,对于含低硫(如含硫0.005%)及高碳(如含碳6%)试样都能得到准确的结果。对于铸铁、铁合金,高铬铸铁、合金钢等难熔试样也均能取得满意的结果,达到国标规定的误差要求。
用本发明添加剂,采用GR-02型高频电炉加热测定生铁,碳素钢及合金钢等试样中的碳硫含量,以本发明添加剂为参比标准(100%),与现有添加剂(V2O5加Fe粉以3+1混均)进行硫的转化率对比,现有添加剂对碳素钢的转化率约为84.2%,对生铁的转化率只有66.8%,对合金钢的转化率仅有36.8%。
本发明适用于电弧炉,高频炉和管式炉加热对钢铁中碳硫含量的测定。经千余次试验证明,其使用性能及测试效果均显著优于现有添加剂。本添加剂原料来源广,成本低,加工工艺简单,无毒无味,一般工厂均可组织生产。
Claims (3)
1、一种用于测定钢铁中碳硫含量的添加剂,其特征在于该添加剂选用干燥的Si粉(80~120目),MoO3粉和Sn粉混合均匀而成。
2、按权利要求1所述的添加剂,其特征在于该添加剂的成分配比为(重量%),Si粉15~40%,MOO3粉8~30%,Sn粉30~75%。
3、按权利要求1或2所述的添加剂,其特征在于该添加剂的最佳成分配比为(重量%),Si粉30%,MOO3粉15%,Sn粉55%。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88106159 CN1011551B (zh) | 1988-08-17 | 1988-08-17 | 用于测定钢铁中碳硫含量的添加剂 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88106159 CN1011551B (zh) | 1988-08-17 | 1988-08-17 | 用于测定钢铁中碳硫含量的添加剂 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1032981A true CN1032981A (zh) | 1989-05-17 |
| CN1011551B CN1011551B (zh) | 1991-02-06 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88106159 Expired CN1011551B (zh) | 1988-08-17 | 1988-08-17 | 用于测定钢铁中碳硫含量的添加剂 |
Country Status (1)
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|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1011551B (zh) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101542282B (zh) * | 2006-09-29 | 2013-05-29 | 安纳特·喀什纳斯·卡凯特卡尔 | 用于确定液态含铁金属中碳当量、碳和硅的百分比的装置和方法 |
-
1988
- 1988-08-17 CN CN 88106159 patent/CN1011551B/zh not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101542282B (zh) * | 2006-09-29 | 2013-05-29 | 安纳特·喀什纳斯·卡凯特卡尔 | 用于确定液态含铁金属中碳当量、碳和硅的百分比的装置和方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1011551B (zh) | 1991-02-06 |
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