CN1011551B - 用于测定钢铁中碳硫含量的添加剂 - Google Patents
用于测定钢铁中碳硫含量的添加剂Info
- Publication number
- CN1011551B CN1011551B CN 88106159 CN88106159A CN1011551B CN 1011551 B CN1011551 B CN 1011551B CN 88106159 CN88106159 CN 88106159 CN 88106159 A CN88106159 A CN 88106159A CN 1011551 B CN1011551 B CN 1011551B
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- powder
- adjuvant
- steel
- additive
- iron
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GJEAMHAFPYZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[S] Chemical compound [C].[S] GJEAMHAFPYZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 as mentioned above Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009967 tasteless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Investigating And Analyzing Materials By Characteristic Methods (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
用于测定钢铁中碳硫含量的添加剂，是一种钢铁化学分析试剂。本发明选用干燥的Si粉，MoO3粉和Sn粉按一定比例称取后混合均匀而成，其使用性能及测试效果均显著优于现有添加剂。本添加剂使测试结果稳定而准确，使试验操作简便而易行。本添加剂原料来源广，加工工艺简单，无毒无味，经济效益高，一般工厂均可组织生产。
Description
本发明属于钢铁化学分析试剂，具体地说是一种用于测定钢铁中碳硫含量的添加剂。
目前，用于测定钢铁中碳硫含量的添加剂通常有Sn、CuO、MoO3、SiO2、W和V2O5等（参见中华人民共和国国家标准GB223.1～GB223.2-81《钢铁及合金化学分析方法》）。常用的加热炉有管式炉、高频炉和电弧炉。实践证明，现在使用的这些添加剂存在着不少问题，主要有：①.现有添加剂由于使被测试样中的碳硫转化率较低（特别是对硫的测定转化率更低）而不稳定，且碳硫空白值大，因此测试数据误差较大。对合金钢中硫含量的测定，难以得出准确的结果。②.现有添加剂对生铁、合金钢、碳素钢等试样所定校正标尺不能通用，必须随时调整，这势必增加了试验操作的难度及工作量。③.现有添加剂由于粉尘量大，一般做约20个试样就必须清理一次粉尘，否则将明显影响测定结果，这也给试验操作带来了麻烦。④.现有添加剂发热量较小，试样重量小于1克时，必须加Fe粉，才能达到温度要求，并且耗氧量较大。⑤.现有添加剂由于导电性差，不能单独引弧。可见，现有添加剂的这些缺点，大大地降低了它的使用性能及测试效果。
本发明提供了一种用于测定钢铁中碳硫含量的复合添加剂，从而有效地解决了现有添加剂存在的上述这些问题，使测试结果稳定而准确，使试验操作简便而易行。
本发明的要点在于，选用干燥的Si粉、MoO3粉和Sn粉，按照一定比例称取后混合均匀。添加剂中，三种成份的重量份数之比，可控制
在Si粉∶MoO3粉∶Sn粉＝（15-40）∶（8-30）∶（30-75）。其最佳重量份数之比为，Si粉∶MoO3粉∶Sn粉＝30∶15∶55。其中Si粉的粒度应为80-120目。
本发明与现有添加剂相比，具有发热量大，硫的转化率高，空白值小，导电性好，校正标尺通用等优点。本添加剂之所以具有这些优点，这与它的成分及其配比有直接的关系。本添加剂中Si粉的含量较高，实践证明，Si粉燃烧的发热量比同样重量的Fe粉要大四倍多，而放出等量热的耗氧量，Si粉仅为Fe粉的三分之二。因此，本添加剂发热量大，耗氧量小。硫的转化率主要取决于反应温度，添加剂发热量大，反应温度就高，硫的转化率也就高。由于硫的转化率提高了，所以对生铁、合金钢、碳素钢等试样所定校正标尺都能通用。添加剂所选用的Si粉和Sn粉一般不含碳硫，MoO3中虽可能含有微量硫，但本添加剂MoO3粉用量较小，因而碳硫空白值小（可忽略不计）。而现有添加剂在用电弧炉测定钢铁中的碳硫时，为补偿热量的不足，通常需不定量地加入纯铁粉。纯铁中含有碳硫，因而在测试中碳硫的空白难以扣除，特别是对于低碳硫含量试样的测定必然不准。由此可见，由于本添加剂对碳硫的转化率高而稳定，且空白值小，从而测试数据误差很小，均能满足国标规定的误差要求。本添加剂中的MoO3粉在用电弧炉加热测硫过程中具有特殊的搅拌作用。钢铁中的硫是在熔融试样的表面与氧接触生成SO2的，测定要求快速，甚至以秒计算，而硫从钢铁熔液内部扩散到表面则需要一定的时间。显然，提高反应温度将有利于增强硫的扩散速度，对硫的测定有好处，如上所述，其中的Si粉将对此作出贡献。而其中的MoO3粉将有另一个特殊作用，MoO3其熔点为795℃，沸点为1155℃，而且易于升华。在高温时，MoO3由固态变成气态，它的体积将增加3000余倍，气体的MoO3从熔融的试样中逸出时将引起熔液剧烈翻
腾，起到良好的搅拌作用，提高硫在熔液中的扩散速度，促进SO2的生成，以利于对硫的测定。在试验过程中，粉尘主要来自于MoO3，其次是Fe2O3和SnO2。本添加剂中MoO3用量较小，又不外加纯铁粉，同时，本添加剂含有较多的Si粉燃烧生成SiO2，它能形成FeO·SiO2复合物，可减少Fe2O3的粉尘量。所以，本添加剂连续化验50～60个试样不需要清理粉尘，而不影响测试结果。本添加剂中的Sn粉具有良好的助熔效果，Sn的熔点为231.8℃，可降低试样的熔点。众所周知，Sn是良好的导电体，Si属半导体，MoO3是不良导电体。而本添加剂中以Si粉和Sn粉为主体，所以三者混合后仍具有良好的导电性，能单独引弧。
本添加剂除具有上述优点外，还具有良好的经济效益。本添加剂与现有添加剂相比，其用量小，每做一个试样单就添加剂的成本费就可节省5.10分钱。由于本添加剂用于电弧炉有良好的测试效果，因而与现有添加剂常用于管式炉相比，每天按做100次试验计算，每年可节电8000度。所以，本添加剂的发明，对电弧炉在测定钢铁中碳硫含量试验中的推广应用将起到重要作用。
本添加剂主要用于电弧炉，对其它类型的炉子也有明显效果，其性能均优于现有添加剂。
下面是本发明的具体实施例。
本添加剂选用，干燥的Si粉（由单晶硅的废料制成，粒度为80-120目）30份，MoO3粉15份和Sn粉55份（指三者各占总重量的份数），混合均匀而成。添加剂应注意防潮，如发现受潮，烘干后使用不影响其性能。每公斤添加剂可作2500～3000个试样，添加剂用量与试样重量有关，通常按试样量加添加剂量约1克左右为宜。譬如，当试样量为0.20～0.25克时，添加剂量可为0.50克左右;当试样量为0.50
克时，添加剂量可为0.40克左右;当试样量为1克时，添加剂量可为0.30克左右;对于称量较少的极难熔的试样，添加剂可酌情多加，但一般不超过0.70克。使用时一般先加添加剂，后加试样，但若后加添加剂也无明显差异。本添加剂一次加入即可。
用本发明添加剂，采用HB-2H高速自动引燃炉（电弧炉）加热测定钢铁中的碳硫含量，用碳钢定标尺，对于含低硫（如含硫0.005%）及高碳（如含碳6%）试样都能得到准确的结果。对于铸铁、铁合金，高铬铸铁、合金钢等难熔试样也均能取得满意的结果，达到国标规定的误差要求。
用本发明添加剂，采用GR-02型高频电炉加热测定生铁，碳素钢及合金钢等试样中的碳硫含量，以本发明添加剂为参比标准（100%），与现有添加剂（V2O5加Fe粉以3+1混均）进行硫的转化率对比，现有添加剂对碳素钢的转化率约为84.2%，对生铁的转化率只有66.8%，对合金钢的转化率仅有36.8%。
本发明适用于电弧炉，高频炉和管式炉加热对钢铁中碳硫含量的测定。经千余次试验证明，其使用性能及测试效果均显著优于现有添加剂。本添加剂原料来源广，成本低，加工工艺简单，无毒无味，一般工厂均可组织生产。
Claims (3)
1、一种用于测定钢铁中碳硫含量的添加剂，其特征在于，该添加剂选用干燥的Si粉(粒度为80-120目)、M0O3粉和Sn粉混合均匀而成。
2、按权利要求1所述的添加剂，其特征在于，该添加剂中三种成份的重量份数之比为Si粉∶MoO3粉∶Sn粉＝（15-40）∶（8-30）∶（30-75）。
3、按权利要求1或2所述的添加剂，其特征在于，该添加剂中三种成份的最佳重量份数之比为Si粉∶MoO3粉∶Sn粉＝30∶15∶55。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88106159 CN1011551B (zh) | 1988-08-17 | 1988-08-17 | 用于测定钢铁中碳硫含量的添加剂 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88106159 CN1011551B (zh) | 1988-08-17 | 1988-08-17 | 用于测定钢铁中碳硫含量的添加剂 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1032981A CN1032981A (zh) | 1989-05-17 |
| CN1011551B true CN1011551B (zh) | 1991-02-06 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88106159 Expired CN1011551B (zh) | 1988-08-17 | 1988-08-17 | 用于测定钢铁中碳硫含量的添加剂 |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN1011551B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRPI0715265A2 (pt) * | 2006-09-29 | 2013-03-26 | Anant Kashinath Kakatkar | Aparelho para determinar a porcetagem de equivalente de carbono e silicio em metal ferroso líquido |
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1988
- 1988-08-17 CN CN 88106159 patent/CN1011551B/zh not_active Expired
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN1032981A (zh) | 1989-05-17 |
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