Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides a kind of super junction-semiconductor device, can improve the uniformity of device reverse breakdown voltage and the reliability of device; For this reason, the present invention also will provide a kind of manufacture method of super junction-semiconductor device.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, super junction-semiconductor device of the present invention is to adopt following technical scheme to realize:
On the N+ silicon substrate, have P type and the N type semiconductor laminate structure alternately arranged; Wherein, P type impurity concentration changes perpendicular to N+ silicon substrate direction on the edge; The concentration that is distributed in impurity concentration near the part of P/N semiconductor lamella upper surface required p type impurity when being higher than charge balance of p type impurity, the concentration of required p type impurity when being lower than charge balance near the impurity concentration of the part of P/N semiconductor lamella lower surface; Near the Cmax variable gradient of P/N semiconductor lamella bottom surface section greater than Cmax variable gradient near the part of P/N thin layer upper surface.
The p type impurity concentration of mid portion can be also can not changing of changing; When the p type impurity concentration of centre part be change the time, near the Cmax variable gradient of P/N semiconductor lamella bottom surface section Cmax variable gradient greater than the p type impurity of mid portion.
Said being meant from upper surface near upper surface portion played the part that the degree of depth is less than total p type impurity degree of depth 1/4; Said being meant from lower surface near bottom surface section played the part that the degree of depth is less than total p type impurity degree of depth 1/4; Said mid portion is meant in the p type impurity above-mentioned near upper surface portion with near the part between the upper surface portion.
The width of said P type semiconductor thin layer is less than or equal to the width of N type semiconductor thin layer.
The manufacture method of super junction-semiconductor device of the present invention is to adopt following technical scheme to realize, on the N+ silicon substrate, forms P type and the N type semiconductor thin layer of alternately arranging, wherein:
85% of p type impurity concentration when the P type semiconductor thin layer impurity concentration of bottom ground floor is lower than the N type semiconductor thin layer impurity concentration that makes same horizontal level and reaches optimum balance; 105% of p type impurity concentration when the P type semiconductor thin layer impurity concentration of the bottom second layer equals to make the N type semiconductor thin layer impurity concentration of same horizontal level to reach optimum balance; 115% of P type semiconductor thin layer impurity concentration when the P type semiconductor thin layer impurity concentration of top ground floor equals to make the N type semiconductor thin layer impurity concentration of same horizontal level to reach optimum balance; P type impurity concentration when the P type semiconductor thin layer impurity concentration of the top second layer equals to make the N type semiconductor thin layer impurity concentration of same horizontal level to reach optimum balance.
The 90%-110% of the P type semiconductor thin layer impurity concentration when the P type semiconductor thin layer impurity concentration in intermediate layer equals to make the N type impurity concentration of same horizontal level to reach optimum balance.
The present invention adopts the impurities concentration distribution mode of non-uniform Distribution to realize the P/N semiconductor lamella of alternately arranging; Wherein, through the design of uneven impurities concentration distribution in the P type semiconductor thin layer, make the reverse breakdown of device occur in the P district; And can in the processing range of producing, make reverse breakdown occur in the zone near the N+ silicon substrate in P district; Improve the big current handling capability (EAS) of device, the electric field strength of maximum when reducing the generation of device reverse breakdown, the reliability of raising device; Reduce the sensitivity that device reverse breakdown voltage changes impurity concentration, improve the rate of finished products of device.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is done further detailed explanation:
Fig. 1-2 is the schematic flow sheet of method embodiment one of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is through the embodiment one final super junction nmos device cellular construction sketch map that forms;
Fig. 4-the 5th, the schematic flow sheet of method embodiment two of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is through the embodiment two final super junction nmos device cellular construction sketch mapes that form;
Fig. 7 is the impurities concentration distribution sketch map that adopts in the P/N thin layer that method of the present invention obtains;
Fig. 8 is that p type impurity concentration edge evenly distributes perpendicular to N+ silicon substrate direction, under different p type impurity concentration, and electric field distribution map vertically in the N type semiconductor thin layer when reverse breakdown takes place;
Fig. 9 is a p type impurity concentration when evenly distributing perpendicular to N+ silicon substrate direction, under different p type impurity concentration, and electric field distribution map vertically in the P type semiconductor thin layer when reverse breakdown takes place;
Figure 10 is that p type impurity concentration edge is under the situation about changing perpendicular to N+ silicon substrate direction, and several p type impurity concentration are along the distribution map (through after whole thermal processs) perpendicular to N+ silicon substrate direction;
Figure 11 be p type impurity concentration by distribution shown in Figure 10, electric field distribution map vertically in the N type semiconductor thin layer when reverse breakdown takes place;
Figure 12 be p type impurity concentration by distribution shown in Figure 10, electric field distribution map vertically in the P type semiconductor thin layer when reverse breakdown takes place;
Figure 13 is near (p type impurity concentration is greater than 2.1E15/CM3) reverse breakdown occurs near the N+ silicon substrate time, the graph of a relation that puncture voltage and impurity concentration central value change under the uniform P type semiconductor thin layer of impurity concentration and two kinds of conditions of P type semiconductor thin layer heterogeneous.
Embodiment
Be that the device of 600V specifies to reverse breakdown voltage among the embodiment below; Used N type impurity concentration is C2=1E15/CM3; The width D 2 of N type semiconductor thin layer is 12 microns in each P/N semiconductor lamella unit; The width D 1 of P type semiconductor thin layer is 5 microns, and the best p type impurity concentration that reaches charge balance is that C2* (D2/D1) is 2.4E15/CM3.
Embodiment one
Step 1, referring to shown in Figure 1, on N+ silicon substrate 1, form N-epitaxial loayer 2.The resistivity of N+ silicon substrate 1 is generally at 0.001-0.003 ohm. centimetre.The thickness of N-epitaxial loayer 2 and resistivity are to confirm according to the requirement of designs; Like device to BVDS (source drain breakdown voltage) 600V; Its resistivity generally is chosen at 2-10 ohm. centimetre, thickness is chosen 40-55 micron (impurity concentration that adopts in the present embodiment is 1E15/CM3).Resist coating 51 on said N-epitaxial loayer 2 through the figure of photoetching formation p type island region (being P type semiconductor thin layer district) opening, carries out the injection of P type ion then and obtains P type semiconductor thin layer district 52-1.
Said N-epitaxial loayer can be grown on the said N+ silicon substrate, also can be grown on the N-epitaxial buffer layer that is positioned on the N+ silicon substrate.
Process in step 2, the repeating step one (is 2 growths of N-epitaxial loayer; Form the figure of p type island region opening; P type ion injects), reach the thickness that needs after, again through the annealing of elevated temperature heat process with push away trap; Just can obtain the P type semiconductor thin layer and the N type semiconductor thin layer of alternately arrangement, as shown in Figure 2.The different p type impurity concentration of diverse location can be injected through different ions and obtain among Fig. 2.In order to obtain uniform impurity concentration in a zone, the injection after a photoetching can be adopted the repeatedly injection of different-energy; The mode that also can reduce each epitaxially grown thickness (but needing to increase the number of times that total epitaxial growth-photoetching-P type ion injects) realizes.
In conjunction with shown in Figure 3,, obtain the distribution of such p type impurity concentration: 85% of the p type impurity concentration when the p type island region 52-1 impurity concentration of bottom ground floor is lower than the N type impurity concentration that makes same horizontal level and reaches optimum balance through after the above technological process; 105% of p type impurity concentration when the p type island region 52-2 impurity concentration of the bottom second layer equals to make the N type impurity concentration of same horizontal level to reach optimum balance; The 90%-110% (not shown in the figures, the intermediate layer can have, and also can not have) of the p type impurity concentration when the p type island region impurity concentration in intermediate layer equals to make the N type impurity concentration of same horizontal level to reach optimum balance; 115% of p type impurity concentration when the p type island region 52-4 impurity concentration of top ground floor equals to make the N type impurity concentration of same horizontal level to reach optimum balance; P type impurity concentration when the p type island region impurity concentration of top second layer 52-3 equals to make the N type impurity of same horizontal level to reach optimum balance.
In conjunction with shown in Figure 3, afterwards, utilize ripe VDMOS processing technology to obtain corresponding super junction NMOS (N NMOS N-channel MOS N) device unit construction; Comprise: the gate oxidation films 5 and polysilicon electrode 6 that are positioned at N-epitaxial loayer 2 upper ends; Be positioned at the P trap 7 on N-epitaxial loayer 2 and P type thin layer top, be arranged in the N+ source 8 of P trap 7, coat the inter-level dielectric film 9 of said polysilicon electrode 6; Be arranged in the source metal electrode 12 of contact hole 10 and inter-level dielectric film 9 tops; In the middle of the contact hole and be positioned at the P+ contact implanted layer 11 on P type thin layer top,, be positioned at the drain electrode 14 (back metal) of N+ silicon substrate 1 lower surface with the polycrystalline electrodes (not shown) that polycrystalline grid 6 are drawn.
Embodiment two
Step 1, as shown in Figure 4 forms N-epitaxial loayer 2 on N+ silicon substrate 1.(this silicon oxide film 31 can be as the mask of etching groove for growth one deck silicon oxide film 31 on said N-epitaxial loayer 2; Barrier layer in the time of can also be as cmp); Obtain the figure of groove 41 through the trench lithography etching; Here groove 41 can pass the end face that N-epitaxial loayer 2 extends to N+ silicon substrate 1, also can rest in the N-epitaxial loayer 2, needs to decide by the requirement of designs.
The sidewall of said groove 41 can be vertical, also can tilt.The bottom of said groove 41 can be smooth, also crooked radian can be arranged.
Said silicon oxide film 31 can obtain through thermal oxidation, also can realize through chemical vapor deposition (CVD).Can be to utilize silicon oxide film 31 as mask during etching groove, also can utilize photoresist as mask, the thickness suggestion of the silicon oxide film 31 after the etching be more than 1000 dusts.
Step 2, referring to shown in Figure 5, deposit P type silicon in groove 41, or P type silicon adds medium (like SiO
2), or P type silicon adds plain silicon and fills up groove 41, forms P type semiconductor thin layer district 42.
In conjunction with shown in Figure 6, the impurity in the P type silicon here is used for the N type impurity of the adjacent N type semiconductor thin layer of balance and has following characteristics: 85% of the p type impurity concentration the when impurity concentration of the p type island region 42-1 of first area, bottom is lower than the N type impurity concentration that makes same horizontal level and reaches optimum balance; 105% of p type impurity concentration when the impurity concentration of p type island region 42-2 of bottom second area equals to make the N type impurity concentration of same horizontal level to reach optimum balance; The 90-110% (not shown in the figures, zone line can have, and also can not have) of the p type impurity concentration the when impurity concentration of the p type island region of zone line equals to make the N type impurity of same horizontal level to reach optimum balance; 115% of p type impurity concentration when the impurity concentration of the p type island region 42-1/ of first area, top equals to make the N type impurity concentration of same horizontal level to reach optimum balance; P type impurity concentration when the impurity concentration of the p type island region in 42-2/ territory, second district, top equals to make the N type impurity concentration of same horizontal level to reach optimum balance.
Described P type silicon can be monocrystalline silicon, polysilicon or indefinite form silicon.The growth temperature of p type single crystal silicon can be 650 ℃ to 1200 ℃, and the growth temperature of P type polysilicon can be 580 ℃ to 650 ℃, and the growth temperature of P type indefinite form silicon can be 510 ℃ to 579 ℃.In the present embodiment, what fill in the groove 41 all is P type silicon, utilizes cmp or returns the P type silicon removal of carving groove 41 surfaces; And, the P type of arrangement and the structure of N type semiconductor thin layer have just been obtained replacing with silicon oxide film 31 removals;
In conjunction with shown in Figure 6, afterwards, utilize ripe VDMOS processing technology to obtain corresponding super junction NMOS (N NMOS N-channel MOS N) device unit construction; Comprise: the gate oxidation films 5 and polysilicon electrode 6 that are positioned at N-epitaxial loayer 2 upper ends; Be positioned at the P trap 7 on N-extension and P type thin layer top, be arranged in the N+ source 8 of P trap 7, coat the inter-level dielectric film 9 of said polysilicon electrode 6; Be arranged in the source metal electrode 12 of contact hole 10 and inter-level dielectric film 9 tops; In the middle of the contact hole and be positioned at the P+ contact implanted layer 11 on P type thin layer top,, be positioned at the drain electrode 14 (back metal) of N+ silicon substrate 1 lower surface with the polycrystalline electrodes (not shown) that polycrystalline grid 6 are drawn.
Among Fig. 3 and 6, A representes that the position of tying between the N type semiconductor in P trap 7 and N-epitaxial loayer 2 zones, B represent the position of tying between the P type semiconductor and N type semiconductor in the P type semiconductor coating region.
Fig. 7 is the impurities concentration distribution sketch map in the P/N thin layer that obtains of the above-mentioned two kinds of embodiment of above-mentioned employing; Wherein, Impurity concentration is evenly constant in N type thin layer; Impurity concentration is the highest approaching the device front in the P type thin layer, the p type impurity concentration when reaching best charge balance greater than the N type impurity that makes same horizontal level; Be minimum near the zone of N+ silicon substrate 1, the p type impurity concentration when reaching best charge balance less than the N type impurity that makes same horizontal level; And, near the variable gradient of the p type island region impurity concentration in the positive zone of device less than zone near N+ silicon substrate 1.
For implementing two; Through after the thermal process of back; P type impurity concentration is as shown in Figure 8 perpendicular to the distribution on N+ silicon substrate 1 direction; The thickness of total here N-epitaxial loayer 2 is 45 microns, and the degree of depth of groove 41 is 40 microns, and the distance between the top of the bottom of groove 41 and N+ silicon substrate 1 is 5 microns.Coordinate 0 place is the top of N+ silicon substrate 1 among Fig. 8, and-45 microns places are N-epitaxial loayer 2 tops in the front of device.
Is equally distributed situation to the p type island region impurity concentration in vertical direction, to different p type impurity concentration (1.3E15/CM3; 1.7E15/CM3; 2.1E15/CM3; 2.5E15/CM3; 2.9E15/CM3; 3.3E15/CM3) situation carried out TCAD (Computer-aided Design Technology) simulation; Maximum field point when the puncture that obtains takes place in p type island region and N type district, from this some edge perpendicular to the size of total electric field of the direction of N+ silicon substrate 1 shown in Fig. 8 (the N district) and Fig. 9 (in the P district).From figure, see,, puncture and occur in the position that device approaches upper surface when p type impurity concentration during less than 2.1E15/CM3; When p type impurity concentration greater than or etc. during 2.5E15/CM3, puncture and occur in the position that device approaches N+ silicon substrate 1.
To the p type island region impurity concentration is the situation of uneven distribution in vertical direction; Get the impurity concentration C1=C*85%*D2/D1 of bottom the one 1/4 caliper zones (like the 42-1 among Fig. 5); The impurity concentration C2=C*105%*D2/D1 of bottom the 2 1/4 caliper zones (like the 42-2 among Fig. 5); The impurity concentration C2 '=C*115% * D2/D1 of top the one 1/4 caliper zones (like the 42/-1 among Fig. 5), impurity concentration the C1 '=C*D2/D1 of top the 2 1/4 caliper zones (like the 42/-2 among Fig. 5); To several kinds of different impurity concentration C (1.3E15/CM3; 1.7E15/CM3; 2.1E15/CM3; 2.5E15/CM3; 2.9E15/CM3; 3.3E15/CM3) situation, shown in figure 10 through the p type impurity concentration distribution vertically after the thermal process of arts demand, coordinate 0 place is the top of N+ silicon substrate 1 among the figure ,-45 microns places are N-epitaxial loayer 2 tops in the front of device.Situation to different p type impurity concentration has been carried out the TCAD simulation; Maximum field point when the puncture that obtains takes place in p type island region and N type district, from this some edge perpendicular to the size of total electric field of the direction of N+ silicon substrate 1 shown in Figure 11 (the N district) and Figure 12 (in the P district); The centre concentration of the p type impurity here is meant that the value with C1 ' is displaced to the value shown in the figure from best C*D2/D1; From figure, see,, puncture and occur in the position that device approaches upper surface when p type impurity concentration during less than 2.1E15/CM3; When p type impurity concentration greater than or etc. during 2.5E15/CM3, puncture and occur in the position that device approaches the n+ substrate.
Data to the maximum field under top two kinds of situation compare; Obtain the data of following table 1, from table 1, see, with respect to the electric field maximum basically identical in the N type thin layer under the situation in two; In P type thin layer; Maximum field under non-homogeneous situation occurs in the P type thin layer owing to puncture less than evenly dividing the maximum field that plants, the current handling capability and the reliability that improves device that reduce to improve device of this electric field.
Table 1
Further; In order to improve the current handling capability of device; The occurrence positions that preferably makes puncture is not only in P type thin layer; And being in position near N+ silicon substrate 1, the electronics that punctures the secondary electron-hole centering that produces when taking place is that N+ silicon substrate 1 (high positive voltage) absorbs very soon, to the not influence of puncture voltage of device; During move toward the P+ contact hole of top device in the hole that produces; Because its top that will arrive is that the fixed charge quantity born is greater than desirable quantity puncturing when just taking place; The arrival in this hole has reduced this species diversity improves the puncture voltage of device; Formed the negative feedback of puncture voltage and number of cavities, it is right to help reducing follow-up secondary electron-hole, has improved the current handling capability of device; So hope the centre concentration of P type thin layer is used greater than 2.1E15/CM3;
Utilize TCAD to simulate, obtain under the situation of even and non-uniform doping, the relation that the puncture voltage of device and impurity concentration central value change, shown in figure 13; Can see that from figure under the situation of non-homogeneous CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION, for same p type impurity concentration change scope, the excursion of puncture voltage little when even promptly improved the stability of device electric breakdown strength.
In theory, uneven impurities concentration distribution also can have the foregoing description similar effects in the N type thin layer, but the requirement of N impurities concentration distribution is different with the foregoing description.
Owing to can make the impurity concentration in P type and the N type semiconductor thin layer have a kind of impurity concentration at least, can improve the uniformity of device reverse breakdown voltage and the reliability of device along being uneven perpendicular to the distribution on the direction of N+ silicon substrate.
More than through specific embodiment the present invention has been carried out detailed explanation, but these are not to be construed as limiting the invention.Under the situation that does not break away from the principle of the invention, those skilled in the art also can make many distortion and improvement, and these also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.