[go: up one dir, main page]

CN102456903A - Method for preparing hydrogen by utilizing formic acid electrolysis - Google Patents

Method for preparing hydrogen by utilizing formic acid electrolysis Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN102456903A
CN102456903A CN2010105229057A CN201010522905A CN102456903A CN 102456903 A CN102456903 A CN 102456903A CN 2010105229057 A CN2010105229057 A CN 2010105229057A CN 201010522905 A CN201010522905 A CN 201010522905A CN 102456903 A CN102456903 A CN 102456903A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
electrolysis
formic acid
anode
hydrogen
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN2010105229057A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
孙公权
姜黔
杨少华
赵钢
陈利康
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
Original Assignee
Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS filed Critical Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
Priority to CN2010105229057A priority Critical patent/CN102456903A/en
Publication of CN102456903A publication Critical patent/CN102456903A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Landscapes

  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种利用甲酸电解制取氢气的方法:以甲酸水溶液为燃料,以聚合物电解质膜电解器来电解制取氢气。将阳极、电解质膜和阴极依次叠放在一起,经热压后,构成电解电极,并将其夹紧于双极板之间构成聚合物电解质膜电解器。在电解器的阳极侧通入甲酸水溶液,于阴、阳两极间施加电压,使甲酸在阳极发生电催化氧化反应,在阴极侧产生氢气。本发明是一种便捷、快速及灵活的小规模现场制氢方法,具有电解电压低、能耗小、制氢效率高等优点。

Figure 201010522905

The invention provides a method for producing hydrogen by using formic acid electrolysis: using formic acid aqueous solution as fuel and using a polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer to electrolyze and produce hydrogen. The anode, the electrolyte membrane and the cathode are stacked together in turn, and after hot pressing, the electrolysis electrode is formed, and it is clamped between the bipolar plates to form the polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer. The formic acid aqueous solution is fed into the anode side of the electrolyzer, and a voltage is applied between the cathode and the anode, so that the formic acid undergoes an electrocatalytic oxidation reaction at the anode, and hydrogen gas is generated at the cathode side. The invention is a convenient, fast and flexible small-scale on-site hydrogen production method, which has the advantages of low electrolysis voltage, low energy consumption, high hydrogen production efficiency and the like.

Figure 201010522905

Description

A kind of method of utilizing the formic acid electrolysis to produce hydrogen
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of hydrogen method of producing based on the solid polymer dielectric film electrolyzer.With the aqueous formic acid is anode electrolysis fuel, applies certain voltage in the cathode and anode both sides, makes formic acid generation electrocatalysis oxidation reaction; The proton that anode-side produces conducts to cathode side through film, and combines to generate hydrogen again in electronics.
Background technology
It is abundant that Hydrogen Energy has the source, and the characteristics of clean and effective are might be at the secondary energy sources of the very important effect of performance on the 21 century world energy sources stage.And be that Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) technology of fuel has obtained significant progress in recent years with hydrogen.Fuel cell might solve " energy " and " environmental protection " this two big worlds difficult problem, and will be significant for human social.Yet, how to realize economy, to produce hydrogen efficiently most important to the Hydrogen Energy expanding economy.
At present, the method for small-scale hydrogen manufacturing commonly used mainly contains methyl alcohol/gas renormalizing hydrogen manufacturing and water electrolysis hydrogen producing dual mode.Wherein, the course of reaction of reformation hydrogen production is complicated, and system is huge, and is poor to equipment requirements height and mobility; And electrolytic hydrogen production has that device is simple, equipment moulding, the characteristics that are easy to use, is highly suitable for on-the-spot hydrogen manufacturing and application on a small scale.
The electrolysis unit that is used for electrolytic hydrogen production mainly contains two types.A kind of is the alkaline electrolysis device, promptly in electrolytic cell, adds a certain amount of alkali or salt to strengthen conductivity, obtains hydrogen and oxygen respectively in anode and cathode, utilizes this electrolysis unit brine electrolysis to produce hydrogen and still has high, the less economical problem of energy consumption; The another kind of electrolyzer (Solid-PEM electrolyzer) that just is based on the solid electrolyte film type.This device has simple to operate, and anode and cathode separately and can keep certain partial pressure avoids the use of advantage such as alkali lye and in industry, is used widely.
Because water electrolysis hydrogen production, its theoretical decomposition voltage is 1.23V, and in the actual electrolytic hydrogen production process, owing to there is certain loss, its decomposition voltage is up to more than the 1.4-1.5V; And high energy consumption is to realize the very big obstacle of extensive water electrolysis hydrogen producing.Formic acid is as liquid fuel and hydrogen source, have to be easy to carry, hydrogen content high (4.3%), advantages of environment protection, and the most important thing is its theoretical decomposition voltage low (have only-0.02V).These characteristics make formic acid electrolytic hydrogen production required voltage be significantly less than the water electrolysis hydrogen producing required voltage, save the consumption of electric energy greatly, also for the on-the-spot hydrogen manufacturing of small-scale new approaches are provided.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of energy-conservation, efficiently, the on-the-spot method of producing hydrogen easily.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:
With the aqueous formic acid is fuel, adopts the electrolyzer of solid polymer dielectric film to produce hydrogen;
Specifically may further comprise the steps: between electrolysis electrode anode and negative electrode, apply decomposition voltage, and, make formic acid at anode generation electrocatalysis oxidation reaction in the aqueous formic acid of the anode-side feeding>=2M of electrolysis electrode, the electric current that produces electrolysis, current density is 50-350mA/cm 2, produce hydrogen at cathode side; The electrolyzer temperature is controlled between 20-70 ℃.
The solid polymer dielectric film electrolyzer comprises plate, cathode plate and places the electrolysis electrode between pole plate; Electrolysis electrode is clamped in formation polymer dielectric film electrolyzer between two pole plates, and pole plate is provided with the flow field near electrolysis electrode one side.
The preparation of electrolysis electrode: after electrolysis electrode was superimposed together by cathode diffusion layer, cathode catalysis layer, dielectric film, anode catalyst layer, anode diffusion layer successively, hot pressing 1-5min under 1000-2000 pound pressure formed electrolysis electrode.
On cathode diffusion layer, scribble Pt/C or Pd/C catalyst, form cathode catalysis layer, and constitute the negative electrode of electrolysis electrode with cathode diffusion layer; Cathode catalysis layer noble metal carrying capacity is 1-2mg/cm 2
On anode diffusion layer, scribble Pd/C, PdAu/C, PdSn/C, a kind of catalyst among the PdIr/C or two or more catalyst combination form anode catalyst layer, and constitute the anode of electrolysis electrode with anode diffusion layer.Anode catalyst layer noble metal carrying capacity is 2-5mg/cm 2
Electrolyte membrane
Figure BSA00000322489900021
Series film or
Figure BSA00000322489900022
in a modified membrane.
The cathode and anode diffusion layer of electrode is carbon paper, carbon cloth or the carbon felt that adopts the PTFE hydrophobic to handle, and wherein PTFE quality percentage composition is 10-30%.
During electrolysis, negative electrode can feed the N of 20-40sccm 2, hydrogen is taken out of, or is not fed gas (the hydrogen self-diffusion goes out negative electrode).The charging flow velocity of electrolyte formic acid is 1-5ml/min.
The concentration optimum of electrolyte formic acid is 6-10M.The decomposition voltage that applies between the anode of electrolysis electrode and negative electrode is generally 0.3-1V.
Its hydrogen that is produced by negative electrode adopts drainage to collect or the use that directly acts as a fuel;
Directly act as a fuel when using; With formic acid is fuel; Hydrogen that the polymer dielectric film electrolyzer is produced and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells coupling; The hydrogen that makes collects and directly feeds the anode of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) through self-diffusion, as anode reaction fuel, produce electric energy.
The formic acid that utilizes according to the invention is electrolysis fuel, comes electrolysis to produce the method for hydrogen with the polymer dielectric film electrolyzer.Comparing with traditional reformation hydrogen production is a kind of simple, convenient, hydrogen production process fast and flexibly; Compare with other electrolysis fuel electrolytic hydrogen productions such as utilizing water or methyl alcohol, have the advantage that decomposition voltage is low, energy consumption is little, hydrogen production efficiency is high.This method of producing hydrogen can combine with primary energy such as solar energy, wind energies; Utilize primary energy cheap and easy to get that electric power is provided; With formic acid is fuel, and hydrogen is produced in on-the-spot electrolysis, and small-sized removable power-supply device such as fueling battery car uses or stores.The present invention also for the on-the-spot hydrogen manufacturing of small-scale provides new approaches and approach, helps further promoting the Hydrogen Energy expanding economy to realize with final when reducing the electrolytic hydrogen production energy consumption.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 formic acid electrolysis hydrogen production device sketch map.
Wherein, a is the anode-side of electrolyzer; B is the cathode side of electrolyzer; C is a dielectric film; D is a DC power supply.
Fig. 2 is 60 ℃, under the 1V decomposition voltage, and during different aqueous formic acid concentration charging, the variation relation of Faradaic current and hydrogen-producing speed.
Fig. 3 is 60 ℃, during the charging of 6M aqueous formic acid, and the variation tendency of the Faradaic current under the different decomposition voltages.
Fig. 4 is for to produce hydrogen and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) coupling sketch map with formic acid for the fuel electrolysis.
Wherein, 1 is No. 5 batteries of a joint, rated voltage 1.5V; 2 is the anode of electrolyzer; 3 is the negative electrode of electrolyzer; 4 is dielectric film; 5 is the anode of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells; 6 is the negative electrode of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells; 7 is small fan; 8 is hydrogen pipeline; Circuit connection is represented with single solid line.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Assemble the polymer dielectric film electrolyzer by Fig. 1, the carbon paper (Toray-060) that its cathode and anode diffusion layer adopts the PTFE hydrophobic to handle, wherein anode PTFE quality percentage composition is 15%, negative electrode PTFE quality percentage composition is 30%.Anode catalyst is Pd/C, is sprayed on the anode diffusion layer, and loading is 2mg/cm 2Cathod catalyst is Pt/C, is sprayed on the cathode diffusion layer, and carrying capacity is 1mg/cm 2Dielectric film does
Figure BSA00000322489900031
-115 films, electrode effective area are 4cm 2The formic acid solution of 2-10M is fed the anode of electrolyzer with the flow velocity of 1ml/min, and negative electrode feeds nitrogen, and its flow velocity is 20sccm.Use PAR273A electrochemical workstation (potentiostat/galvanostat; The Princeton application study) as DC power supply; Apply 0.3-1V voltage at the electrolytic cell two ends; The electrolytic cell temperature is controlled at makes formic acid generation electrocatalysis oxidation reaction under 60 ℃, negative electrode adopts drainage to collect hydrogen, and calculates hydrogen-producing speed.
Fig. 2 is 60 ℃, under the 1V decomposition voltage, and during different aqueous formic acid concentration charging, the variation relation of Faradaic current and hydrogen-producing speed.Can find out that Faradaic current and hydrogen-producing speed are the trend that raises and reduce earlier with formic acid concn; Wherein when aqueous formic acid concentration was 8M, current density reached 314mA/cm 2, hydrogen-producing speed is 9.5ml/min.
Fig. 3 is 60 ℃, during the charging of 6M formic acid, and the variation tendency of the Faradaic current under the different decomposition voltages.Raise with decomposition voltage, electrolysis performance (electric current) also increases.When 0.6V, current density reaches 110mA/cm 2
Embodiment 2:
Fig. 4 produces hydrogen and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) coupling instance for being fuel with the aqueous formic acid with the electrolysis of polymer dielectric film electrolyzer.
Electrolysis power is joint No. 5 batteries (rated voltage 1.5V) among the figure; Electrolyzer is that two electrolysis electrodes are in series, and constitutes with bipolar plates.Owing to there is ohmic loss, the voltage of surveying two series connection electrolysis electrodes is all in the 0.65-0.68V scope.
The anode catalyst of electrolysis electrode is Pd/C, and loading is 3mg/cm 2, cathod catalyst is Pt/C, loading is 1mg/cm 2, electrode area is 16cm altogether 2
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells among the figure (PEMFC) cathode and anode catalyst is Pt/C, and loading is 0.4mg/cm 2, and negative electrode adopts air from breathing pattern, and electrode area is 8cm 2
The anode formic acid feed cavity volume of electrolyzer is 20ml among the figure, and aqueous formic acid concentration is 8M, and the hydrogen that negative electrode produces is through the anode-side of pipeline self-diffusion to Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, as the anode reaction fuel of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.
During test, the whole system circuit is connected, the anode generation formic acid electrocatalysis oxidation reaction of electrolyzer produces hydrogen at cathode side.The hydrogen that produces is accumulative total in the negative electrode cavity of electrolyzer, and diffuse in the anode cavities of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, as its anode reaction fuel.Produce electric energy under the common reaction of the oxygen of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in anode hydrogen gas, cathode air, driven small fan work.

Claims (10)

1. a method of utilizing the formic acid electrolysis to produce hydrogen is characterized in that, is fuel with the aqueous formic acid, adopts the electrolyzer of solid polymer dielectric film to produce hydrogen;
Specifically may further comprise the steps: between electrolysis electrode anode and negative electrode, apply decomposition voltage, and in the aqueous formic acid of the anode-side feeding >=2M of electrolysis electrode, make formic acid at anode generation electrocatalysis oxidation reaction, the electric current that produces electrolysis produces hydrogen at cathode side; The electrolyzer temperature is controlled between 20-70 ℃.
2. utilize the formic acid electrolysis to produce the method for hydrogen according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
The solid polymer dielectric film electrolyzer comprises plate, cathode plate and places the electrolysis electrode between pole plate; Electrolysis electrode is clamped in formation polymer dielectric film electrolyzer between two pole plates, and pole plate is provided with the flow field near electrolysis electrode one side.
3. like the said method of utilizing the formic acid electrolysis to produce hydrogen of claim 2, it is characterized in that:
The preparation of electrolysis electrode: after electrolysis electrode was superimposed together by cathode diffusion layer, cathode catalysis layer, dielectric film, anode catalyst layer, anode diffusion layer successively, hot pressing 1-5min under 1000-2000 pound pressure formed electrolysis electrode.
4. like the said method of utilizing the formic acid electrolysis to produce hydrogen of claim 3, it is characterized in that: on cathode diffusion layer, scribble Pt/C or Pd/C catalyst, form cathode catalysis layer, and constitute the negative electrode of electrolysis electrode with cathode diffusion layer; Cathode catalysis layer noble metal carrying capacity is 1-2mg/cm 2On anode diffusion layer, scribble Pd/C, PdAu/C, PdSn/C, a kind of catalyst among the PdIr/C or two or more catalyst combination form anode catalyst layer, and constitute the anode of electrolysis electrode with anode diffusion layer.Anode catalyst layer noble metal carrying capacity is 2-5mg/cm 2
Electrolyte membrane
Figure FSA00000322489800011
series film or modified membrane in one.
5. like claim 3 or the 4 said methods of utilizing the formic acid electrolysis to produce hydrogen, it is characterized in that: the cathode and anode diffusion layer of electrode is carbon paper, carbon cloth or the carbon felt that adopts the PTFE hydrophobic to handle, and wherein PTFE quality percentage composition is 10-30%.
6. utilize the preparation method of formic acid electrolysis hydrogen according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: during electrolysis, negative electrode feeds the N of 20-40sccm 2
7. utilize the formic acid electrolysis to produce the method for hydrogen according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the charging flow velocity of electrolyte formic acid is 1-5ml/min.
8. utilize the formic acid electrolysis to produce the method for hydrogen according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the optimum 6-10M of being of the concentration of electrolyte formic acid.
9. utilize the formic acid electrolysis to produce the method for hydrogen according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the decomposition voltage that applies between electrolysis electrode anode and negative electrode is 0.3-1V.
10. utilize the formic acid electrolysis to produce the method for hydrogen according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: its hydrogen that is produced by negative electrode adopts drainage to collect or the use that directly acts as a fuel;
Directly act as a fuel when using; With formic acid is fuel, hydrogen that the polymer dielectric film electrolyzer is produced and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells coupling, and the hydrogen that makes collects and directly feeds the anode of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells PEMFC through self-diffusion; As anode reaction fuel, produce electric energy.
CN2010105229057A 2010-10-27 2010-10-27 Method for preparing hydrogen by utilizing formic acid electrolysis Pending CN102456903A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2010105229057A CN102456903A (en) 2010-10-27 2010-10-27 Method for preparing hydrogen by utilizing formic acid electrolysis

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2010105229057A CN102456903A (en) 2010-10-27 2010-10-27 Method for preparing hydrogen by utilizing formic acid electrolysis

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN102456903A true CN102456903A (en) 2012-05-16

Family

ID=46039765

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN2010105229057A Pending CN102456903A (en) 2010-10-27 2010-10-27 Method for preparing hydrogen by utilizing formic acid electrolysis

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN102456903A (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014045049A1 (en) * 2012-09-21 2014-03-27 Ucl Business Plc Electrolysis electrocatalyst
JP2021130600A (en) * 2020-02-21 2021-09-09 株式会社カレントダイナミックス High-pressure hydrogen production method
CN114481164A (en) * 2021-02-25 2022-05-13 四川大学 Non-pure aqueous solution electrolytic hydrogen production device, system and method based on liquid phase moisture absorption
CN116121788A (en) * 2023-02-24 2023-05-16 兰州大学 A device for preparing formic acid and hydrogen
CN118343675A (en) * 2024-05-15 2024-07-16 北京理工大学 A flat tube type methane steam catalytic reforming hydrogen production device based on proton membrane reactor

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1896317A (en) * 2006-06-22 2007-01-17 上海交通大学 Hydrogen maker for electrolyzing organic solution with polymer electrolyte film
CN101239277A (en) * 2007-11-27 2008-08-13 江苏雷石新能源科技有限公司 Electrochemical treatment method and special device for direct liquid fuel cell exhaust gas

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1896317A (en) * 2006-06-22 2007-01-17 上海交通大学 Hydrogen maker for electrolyzing organic solution with polymer electrolyte film
CN101239277A (en) * 2007-11-27 2008-08-13 江苏雷石新能源科技有限公司 Electrochemical treatment method and special device for direct liquid fuel cell exhaust gas

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014045049A1 (en) * 2012-09-21 2014-03-27 Ucl Business Plc Electrolysis electrocatalyst
CN104797742A (en) * 2012-09-21 2015-07-22 Ucl商业有限公司 electrolytic electrocatalyst
JP2021130600A (en) * 2020-02-21 2021-09-09 株式会社カレントダイナミックス High-pressure hydrogen production method
JP7435953B2 (en) 2020-02-21 2024-02-21 株式会社カレントダイナミックス High pressure hydrogen generation method
CN114481164A (en) * 2021-02-25 2022-05-13 四川大学 Non-pure aqueous solution electrolytic hydrogen production device, system and method based on liquid phase moisture absorption
CN116121788A (en) * 2023-02-24 2023-05-16 兰州大学 A device for preparing formic acid and hydrogen
CN116121788B (en) * 2023-02-24 2023-08-18 兰州大学 A device for preparing formic acid and hydrogen
CN118343675A (en) * 2024-05-15 2024-07-16 北京理工大学 A flat tube type methane steam catalytic reforming hydrogen production device based on proton membrane reactor

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Palanisamy et al. A comprehensive review on microbial fuel cell technologies: Processes, utilization, and advanced developments in electrodes and membranes
Sapountzi et al. Electrocatalysts for the generation of hydrogen, oxygen and synthesis gas
Ahn et al. Development of a membrane electrode assembly for alkaline water electrolysis by direct electrodeposition of nickel on carbon papers
CN103160851B (en) Membrane reactor
CN103160849B (en) The method of Carbon dioxide electrochemical reduction trans-utilization
CN101306302B (en) Hydrogen containing industrial waste gas separation and purification method
CN108950596A (en) The methods and applications of the cheap efficient elctro-catalyst of ferronickel nano-chip arrays are synthesized under a kind of normal temperature and pressure
Ong et al. Applications of graphene nano-sheets as anode diffusion layers in passive direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC)
CN103160850B (en) Membrane reactor
Sung et al. A novel micro protective layer applied on a simplified PEM water electrolyser
CN103178283A (en) Hydrogen-bromine energy storage battery structure
CN1966777B (en) Water electrolysis device with proton exchange membrane
WO2021126073A1 (en) Membrane electrolysis cell and method of use
CN102456903A (en) Method for preparing hydrogen by utilizing formic acid electrolysis
CN105304910A (en) Electrode of hydrocarbon produced by carbon dioxide through electrochemical reduction and preparation and application of electrode
Ayers et al. Fueling vehicles with sun and water
CN114457351A (en) A method and device for producing hydrogen by step-by-step electrolysis of water based on a single-electrolyte cell and two-electrode two-step method
KR102260935B1 (en) High efficiency unitized regenerative fuel cell based on polymer electrolyte membrane, method of operating the same, and method of manufacturing the same
CN108878931A (en) A kind of high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
CN110034319A (en) A kind of zinc-water fuel cell and its application in power generation production hydrogen
CN210736904U (en) An electrolysis ammonia hydrogen production system
JP2003308869A (en) Fuel cell
Sun et al. A cation-ion conducting direct alcohol fuel cell: Establishing pH-asymmetric to simultaneous generate electricity and hydrogen
CN117661021A (en) Preparation method and application of amorphous nickel foam self-supporting Ni(OH)2-Ni3S2/NF composite electrode
CN201956423U (en) Spraying heating vacuum sucker for membrane electrodes of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C02 Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001)
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication

Application publication date: 20120516