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CN102227300B - 挤出机和挤出机操作方法 - Google Patents

挤出机和挤出机操作方法 Download PDF

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CN102227300B
CN102227300B CN200880132061.6A CN200880132061A CN102227300B CN 102227300 B CN102227300 B CN 102227300B CN 200880132061 A CN200880132061 A CN 200880132061A CN 102227300 B CN102227300 B CN 102227300B
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extruder
screw
feed
cylinder
torque
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CN102227300A (zh
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巴布·帕德马纳班
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Steer Engineering Pvt Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/484—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws with two shafts provided with screws, e.g. one screw being shorter than the other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/488—Parts, e.g. casings, sealings; Accessories, e.g. flow controlling or throttling devices
    • B29B7/489—Screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/60—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for feeding, e.g. end guides for the incoming material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/256—Exchangeable extruder parts
    • B29C48/2564—Screw parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/297—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder at several locations, e.g. using several hoppers or using a separate additive feeding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/402—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders the screws having intermeshing parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/405—Intermeshing co-rotating screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/501—Extruder feed section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/54—Screws with additional forward-feeding elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/59—Screws characterised by details of the thread, i.e. the shape of a single thread of the material-feeding screw
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种挤出机的操作方法；该挤出机包括一个具有至少两个圆柱形缸孔的缸体，每一个缸孔具有一根与另一轴线相平行的轴线，该第一和第二轴线之间的距离为a；至少一根第一螺旋轴和一根第二螺旋轴被置于该第一和第二缸孔中；该第一和第二螺旋轴分别设置有第一螺杆和第二螺杆；该第一螺杆和第二螺杆各自具有挤出机直径D和螺杆根部直径d；该第一和第二螺旋轴各自具有至少1.4的容积比，其中该容积比被定义为挤出机直径D除以螺杆根部直径d；至少两个进料漏斗，所述进料漏斗被设置在该两个缸孔附近并通向所述的缸孔，且至少一个进料漏斗具有一个进入该缸孔的侧进口；该方法包括：通过该至少两个进料漏斗将待加工的材料供入该缸孔；传送该材料通过从该进料漏斗至该挤出机出料口的挤出机长度；以至少1000rpm的转速及至少8.5Nm/cm3的扭矩密度驱动所述第一和第二螺旋轴的每一根；该扭矩密度被定义为第一和第二轴的每一根上的扭矩除以第一和第二轴线之间的距离a的三次方。

Description

挤出机和挤出机操作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种双螺杆挤出机，具体地涉及一种具有同向转动轴的双螺杆挤出机的运行方法。
背景技术
具有一端进料口和在另一端出料口的双螺杆挤出机已为大家所熟悉并已被广泛用于混合物料的特定用途，包括以持续和受控的方式捏合、分配、均匀化、分送材料，并可伴随或不伴随温度升高和热量输入。材料通过连接在该入料口的漏斗被供给挤出机，而挤出机通常是根据所谓的“饥饿供给(starvefeeding)”的方法进行运行。
材料可以由单组分或单成分或多组分组成，并可以是单相或多相的。某些组分在加工过程中可能需要经历相变。由挤出机所做的工作(work)是施加多种作用力从而在不同平面上产生剪切、压缩、拉伸和折叠作用。仅在一个特定时段将这些力均匀地作用于每个微粒或分子上以便限制所实行的工作是有利的，因为过度的工作将会使脆弱的分子产生分解，从而导致次品的产生。所做的工作的程度取决于多种因素，包括被加工材料的性质、挤出机可以承受的在不同端口上输入的材料数量、在任何给定的速度下可用的扭矩大小、挤出机的长度、以及挤出机加工区域的元件和部件的结构。
据信，虽然剪切速率的提高会导致比能(specific energy)要求和温度的提高，但剪切速率的提高可改善混合和均匀化的质量。为了平衡在比能要求和温度的提高，有必要减少在挤出机内的停留时间和增加通过量(through put)。一种途径是提高挤出机的容积比并通过显著提高最小比扭矩要求。挤出机的容积比(volumetric ratio)被定义为挤出机直径[D]除以螺杆根部直径[d]的比率。容积比的提高虽然不利地影响扭矩传送能力，但提高了挤出机的注满容量(fill capacity)。挤出机的比扭矩(specific torque)[T/a3]是指在扭矩[T]与双螺杆挤出机的两轴线之间的中心距[a]的三次方之比。为了提高比扭矩要求，就需要一个更大功率的马达，这就要求相应地加强在变速箱和扭矩传送系统内的其他零部件。容积比和比扭矩的提高会要求进行各种改进，其中涉及设计、材料、处理和更高的安全水平的综合改进。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种挤出机的操作方法；该挤出机包括：一个具有至少两个圆柱形缸孔的缸体，每个缸孔具有一根与另一根轴线相平行的轴线，而该第一轴线和该第二轴线之间的距离为“a”；被置于该第一和第二缸孔中的至少一根第一螺旋轴和一根第二螺旋轴；该第一和第二螺旋轴分别设置有第一和第二螺杆；该第一螺杆和第二螺杆各自具有挤出机直径D和螺杆根部直径d；该第一和第二螺旋轴各自具有至少1.4的容积比，其中该容积比被定义为挤出机直径D除以螺杆根部直径d；至少两个进料漏斗，所述进料漏斗被设置在该两个缸孔附近并通向所述的缸孔，而至少一个进料漏斗具有一个进入该缸孔的侧进口；该方法包括：通过该至少两个进料漏斗将待加工的材料供入该缸孔；传送该材料通过从该进料漏斗至该挤出机出口的挤出机长度；以至少1000rpm的转速及至少8.5Nm/cm3的扭矩密度驱动所述第一和第二螺旋轴的每一根；该扭矩密度被定义为第一和第二轴的每一根上的扭矩除以第一和第二轴线之间的距离’a’的三次方。
本发明还涉及一种挤出机的操作方法；该挤出机包括一个至少具有两个圆柱形缸孔的缸体，每个缸孔具有一根与另一根轴线相平行的轴线，而第一和第二轴线之间的距离为“a”；置于该第一和第二缸孔中的至少一根第一螺旋轴和一根第二螺旋轴；该第一和第二螺旋轴分别设置有第一和第二螺杆，各螺杆包括至少一个元件；该第一和第二螺杆各具有挤出机直径D和螺杆根部直径d；该第一和第二螺旋轴各具有至少1.4的容积比，其中该容积比被定义为挤出机直径D除以螺杆根部直径d；一个连接于第一轴并包括一个第一台阶的第一进料口元件(intake element)，一个连接于与第一进料口元件相邻的第二轴并包括一个第二台阶的第二进料口元件，其中该第一台阶和第二台阶适合于当该第一料口元件和该第二进料口元件以同方向转动时，共同工作从而产生正向的传送作用以传输材料；至少两个进料漏斗，所述进料漏斗设置在该两个缸孔附近并通向所述的缸孔，而至少一个进料漏斗具有一个进入该缸孔的侧进口；该方法包括：通过该至少两个进料漏斗将待加工的材料供入该缸孔；传送该材料通过从该进料漏斗至该挤出机出口的挤出机长度；以至少1000rpm的转速及至少8.5Nm/cm3的扭矩密度驱动所述第一和第二螺旋轴的每一根；该扭矩密度被定义为第一和第二轴的每一根上的扭矩除以第一和第二轴线之间的距离’a’的三次方。
附图简述
附图示出本发明的优选例，并且结合附图的详细描述被用于阐述本发明的原理。
图1显示了两根轴同向转动的双螺杆挤出机的几何结构的示意图。
图2显示了本发明一个实施例的双螺杆挤出机的平面视图。
图3显示了本发明的一个实施例的双螺杆挤出机的侧视图。
图4显示了一个实施例中可提供更大的进料量的双螺杆元件的剖视图。
图5显示了一个实施例中螺杆元件的台阶形成的底切部(undercut)的示意图。
具体实施方式
在下面的描述中，为了说明清楚起见，给出了许多具体的细节情况，以便理解各种不同实施例。然而，对本领域的技术人员而言，显然各种不同实施例可以在没有这些具体细节的情况下进行实施。应理解，在此被讨论的各种实施例可以是相同的或不同的实施例，并且可以被结合进本文未明示的其他各种不同实施例中。
本领域的技术人员可以理解到，上述的总体说明和以下的详细说明只是对本发明的示范和解释，而不是用于限制本发明。在整篇专利说明书中约定，在附图中相同的标号表示相同的零部件。
公开了一种用于双螺杆挤出机的操作方法。参照图1，图中示出该挤出机的横截面，如图所示，该挤出机具有缸体(5)，该缸体包括两个分别具有平行的轴线(3，4)的圆柱形的缸孔(1，2)。每个孔安置一个螺旋轴，该螺旋轴支撑一个由加工元件形成的螺杆(6，7)。该两根轴被设置成相互平行并在两根轴线之间的中心距为“a”。在一根轴上的各元件不仅与同轴上的相邻元件保持连续，而且在另一根轴上具有相应的共轭元件(conjugate element)。
根据本发明的一方面，挤出机具有至少两个用于将材料供给挤出机的漏斗。设置至少一个侧漏斗以便将额外的材料供给挤出机。参照图2，图中示出本发明一个实施例的挤出机的进料口，它具有多个用于将材料供给挤出机的漏斗(10，11和12)。在图示的实施例中，在该进料口处除了直立地安装于挤出机上方的现有漏斗(11)之外，增设两个侧漏斗(10，12)。根据另一个实施例，该至少两个漏斗可包含均设置在挤出机侧面的漏斗(10，12)。
图3示出根据一个实施例的挤出机，其具有带强制供料装置(forcefeeding means)(13)的侧漏斗(14)，该强制供料装置用于增补漏斗(15)的进入量，以便将材料供给挤出机。
根据一个实施例，一个漏斗可以是强制供料，而一个漏斗可以借助重力供料。或者，两个漏斗都可以是强制供料以实现所需的挤出机进料速率。在图2所示的实施例中，侧漏斗(10，12)是将材料强制供给挤出机。设置该附加漏斗和侧进口可以使同样尺寸的挤出机具有更大的进料量。
该挤出机操作方法至少在挤出机的进料口端提供挤出机的侧供给(进料)。在进料口处进行挤出机的侧进料，允许挤出机以在挤出机上可用的扭矩所确定的进料速率进行运行。按本文所述的方式对挤出机实行侧供给的方法，可以完全调控在更小直径比和更小比扭矩水平下挤出机所能接受的材料量。
所述的挤出机操作方法要求该挤出机具有至少1.4的容积比，其中该容积比被定义为挤出机直径D除以螺杆根部直径d。该挤出机包括至少两个进料漏斗，它们被设置在缸孔的附近并通向所述的缸孔，而至少一个进料漏斗具有一个进入缸孔的侧进口。材料通过这些漏斗(其中至少一个侧漏斗)被供给挤出机。该方法还要求，所述的第一和第二螺旋轴中的每一根是以至少1000rpm的转速和以至少8.5Nm/cm3的扭矩密度被驱动。
根据本发明的另一方面，对于双螺杆挤出机，采用可提供正向传送作用的元件。
参照图4，图中示出根据一个实施例的挤出机，它具有两个圆柱形的缸孔(1，2)。该挤出机包括一根第一轴(16)和一根第二轴(18)，分别具有一个连接于该第一轴并包括一第一台阶(flight)(17)的第一进料口元件和一个连接于该第二轴并包括一第二台阶(19)的第二进料口元件。
如图5所示，底切部(32)是由第一和第二元件的台阶(f)所限定。该第一台阶和第二台阶两者限定了一个底切部。该底切部允许进料口元件推动材料前进通过该挤出机系统并在处于或超过特定转速运行时产生正向(positive)传送作用。该进料口元件较佳地具有单台阶，但也具有一个以上的台阶。在该台阶的一个轴向剖视图中，该底切部的尺寸和形状较佳地是相对于进料口元件的轴线构成一个锐角。典型地，常规的挤出机系统的单台阶进料口元件，具有在进料口元件的台阶之下的一个90度或90度以上的角度。然而，该较佳实施例的进料口元件，宜具有一个小于85度的角度且更佳地75度的角度，以便构成该底切部。
根据本发明一方面的挤压方法，要求上述元件被用在以至少1000rpm转速运行的挤出机上。此外，挤出机的容积比至少是1.4，并且挤出机由至少一个侧进料口供料。这种操作方法显著降低了运行成本，并且提供了所需的剪切速率和通过量(through put)。
已对一种21.1mm中心距并具有从1.27至1.89范围内多个D/d比值的挤出机，研究了其容积容量及在规定的比扭矩时的最大可能功率，其研究的结果在表1中列示。基于所述信息，计算了在50％注满程度时的平均滞留时间，计算结果在表2中列示。通常，应用受到扭矩的限制，对D/d＝1.4和1.49计算了滞留时间并与D/d＝1.55和1.71相比较。随着平均剪切强度D/f的增大，在更低的比扭下就可获得相当的滞留时间。
如表3中所示，对D/d＞1.4的挤出机，通过使用如上一节中所阐述的特定元件，并通过克服进料限制和采用更高的扭矩限值输出(远超D/d＞1.5挤出机的扭矩限值输出)，可实现对挤出作业的更好控制。
工业实用性
本发明的方法为较大吞吐量或通过量(through put)的机器提供了更大扭矩传送能力。该方法不必限制设计并允许更小型机器提供更大生产能力而不影响混合效率，由此降低了对场地空间的要求并提供操作上的方便性。如上所述的这些元件以及附加的侧供给，克服了挤出机的供给限制并可允许更大的通过量，而无需增大容积比或扭矩密度。
本发明的方法还允许使用具有比扭矩≥17Nm/cm3的最高扭矩密度使用挤出机。由此，就可获得更大的输出、更好的产品质量和对资源的更有效利用。

Claims (4)

1.一种挤出机的操作方法；该挤出机包括:
一个具有至少两个圆柱形缸孔的缸体，各缸孔具有一根与另一根轴线相平行的轴线，而该第一轴线和第二轴线之间距离为“a”；
置于该第一和第二缸孔内的至少一根第一螺旋轴和一根第二螺旋轴；该第一和第二螺旋轴分别设置有第一螺杆和第二螺杆，各螺杆包括至少一个元件；该第一和第二螺杆各具有挤出机直径D和螺杆根部直径d；该第一和第二螺旋轴各具有至少1.4的容积比，其中该容积比被定义为挤出机直径D除以螺杆根部直径d；
连接于第一轴并包括一个第一台阶的第一进料口元件，一个连接于与第一进料口元件相邻的第二轴并包括一个第二台阶的第二进料口元件，其中当该第一进料口元件和该第二进料口元件以相同方向转动时，该第一台阶和第二台阶适合于共同工作产生局部真空，起到如同容积泵(appositive displacementpump)作用从而传送材料；
至少两个进料漏斗，所述进料漏斗设置在该两个缸孔附近，并通向所述的缸孔，而至少一个进料漏斗具有一个进入该缸孔的侧进口；
该方法包括：
通过该至少两个进料漏斗将待加工的材料供入该缸孔；
传送该材料通过从该进料漏斗至该挤出机出口的挤出机长度；
以至少1000rpm的转速及至少8.5Nm/cm3的扭矩密度驱动所述第一和第二螺旋轴的每一根；该扭矩密度是由第一和第二轴的每一根上的扭矩除以第一和第二轴线之间的距离’a’的三次方来定义。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，该第一台阶和第二台阶限定一个底切部。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，该底切部小于85度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，该挤出机是以至少17Nm/cm3的扭矩密度运行。
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