CN102218044A - 托吡酯的增强的立即释放制剂 - Google Patents
托吡酯的增强的立即释放制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102218044A CN102218044A CN2011100970555A CN201110097055A CN102218044A CN 102218044 A CN102218044 A CN 102218044A CN 2011100970555 A CN2011100970555 A CN 2011100970555A CN 201110097055 A CN201110097055 A CN 201110097055A CN 102218044 A CN102218044 A CN 102218044A
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Abstract
本发明提供托吡酯的增强的立即释放制剂,其中80%的活性成分在不超过30分钟的时间段内释放。这些制剂可以有利地用于治疗急性神经学病况例如偏头痛。
Description
本发明申请是国际申请号为PCT/US2007/086391、国际申请日为2007年12月4日、发明名称为“托吡酯的增强的立即释放制剂”的分案申请。
相关专利申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2006年12月4日提交的美国临时申请No.60/872,497的优先权,所述公开被全文并入本文作为参考。
发明背景
托吡酯是商品名称为(Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical,Inc.,Raritan,NJ,U.S.A.)的氨基磺酸酯取代的单糖,其已经被批准用作抗癫痫药、用作部分发作性癫痫(partial onset seizures)或原发性全身性强直-阵挛发作性癫痫(primary generalizedtonic-clonic seizures)患者的辅助治疗、以及用于预防偏头痛。主要参见Physician′s Desk Reference,60th ed.,2538-2447(2006);还参见美国专利No.4,513,006。
对于癫痫的治疗,的推荐剂量为400mg/天,以一个剂量或多个剂量给药(Physician′s Desk Reference,60th ed.,2538-2447(2006))。对于治疗成人的癫痫,治疗是以25-50mg/天的剂量开始,并以每周的间隔为25-50mg的增量将剂量逐步增加到推荐剂量或有效剂量。是立即释放制剂。与给药有关的副作用包括但不限于瞌睡、眩晕、共济失调、语言失常和相关的语言问题、精神运动缓慢、视力异常、记忆困难、感觉异常、复视、肾结石、肝衰竭、胰腺炎、肾小管酸中毒、急性近视和继发性闭角型青光眼(Physician′s Desk Reference,10th ed.,2538-2447(2006))。
托吡酯是白色结晶粉末,可溶于包含氢氧化钠或磷酸钠的碱性溶液,可溶于丙酮、二甲亚砜和乙醇。然而,在室温下托吡酯在水中的溶解度只有约9.8mg/ml。
已经研究了将托吡酯用作抗肥胖药、降血压药、和情绪稳定剂,包括用作抗躁狂剂、抗抑郁药,和用于治疗创伤后精神紧张性障碍、偏头痛(Rev Neurol.2006Aug 16-31;43(4):193-6)、集束性头痛和神经性疼痛。参见例如美国专利6,191,117、6,201,010、5,753,693、5,998,380、6,319,903、5,935,933、和5,760,007。然而,托吡酯达到峰血浆水平所需要的时间(即,约二小时)对于其有效用于治疗某些病况(例如神经性疼痛或偏头痛)来说可能是过于缓慢了。此外,化合物的相对低水溶性使其难以提供这样的剂型,所述剂型可能是有效治疗许多病况所需的并且可以减少与药物的峰血浆水平有关的副作用。因此,需要新的高度可溶的和生物可利用形式的托吡酯,以便提高化合物的安全性和有效性。
发明内容
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供用于对哺乳动物受试者口服给药的托吡酯的新的增强的立即释放制剂,其中至少80%的活性化合物在不超过30分钟的时间段内溶出。所述制剂包括作为活性成分的托吡酯和至少一种选自复合剂、增强剂及其组合的试剂。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述制剂包括托吡酯和至少一种复合剂。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,所述制剂包括托吡酯和至少一种增强剂,所述增强剂选自溶解度增强剂、溶出增强剂、吸收增强剂、渗透增强剂、表面活性剂、稳定剂、酶抑制剂、p-糖蛋白抑制剂、多药耐药性蛋白抑制剂及其组合。
在又一个实施方案中,本发明提供增强的立即释放制剂,其包括作为活性成分的托吡酯、至少一种复合剂和至少一种增强剂。
本发明的另一个目的是提供包含托吡酯的增强的立即释放制剂的剂型。在一个实施方案中,所述剂型是口服剂型,选自片剂、丸剂、胶囊、胶囊型片剂(caplet)、锭剂(troche)、药囊(sachet)、扁囊剂(cachet)、小袋(pouch)、粉剂、小珠(bead)、溶液、胶剂(gum)、散剂(sprinkles)和口服崩解剂型。
本发明的另一个目的是提供通过对哺乳动物受试者给予增强的立即释放托吡酯制剂来治疗所述受试者的病理学病况的方法。在一个实施方案中,所述病况为急性病况。在另一个实施方案中,所述病况是偏头痛。
附图说明
图2表示立即释放制剂的平均(n=16)药代动力学特征。
图3表示含环糊精的增强的托吡酯制剂的溶出特征。
图4表示未复合的增强的托吡酯制剂的溶出特征。
具体实施方式
对于本申请的目的,术语“托吡酯”包括托吡酯或其任何药学可接受的盐或衍生物,术语“环糊精”包括环糊精衍生物。
“立即释放制剂”是指在小于或等于约1小时内释放大于或等于约80%药物的制剂。
对于本申请的目的,“增强剂”定义为改善制剂的效力和治疗能力的任何非药学活性成分。
本文中使用的术语“增强的立即释放制剂”(EIR)是指在效力和治疗能力方面得到改进的立即释放制剂。
除非另作说明,如本文中使用的,药物的“释放速率”或“释放速度”是指每单位时间从剂型释放的药物的量,即,每小时释放的药物毫克数(mg/hr)或每小时释放的总药物剂量的百分比。剂型的药物释放速率典型地测量为体外的药物释放速率,即,在适当的条件下和在适合的液体中测量的每单位时间从剂型释放的药物量。剂型内的指定百分比的药物从所述剂型释放的时间称为“Tx”值,其中“x”是已经释放的药物百分比。
此处所称的释放速率是通过将待试验的剂型置于适当的溶出浴中的介质中来测定的。然后将在预定间隔收集的介质的等分试样注射到装备有适当检测器的色谱系统中,以便量化在试验间隔过程中释放的药物的量。
“C”表示受试者的血浆、或血清中的药物浓度,通常表示为每单位体积的质量,典型地为每毫升的纳克数。为了方便起见,这个浓度在此处可称为“药物血浆浓度”、“血浆药物浓度”或“血浆浓度”,其意在包括在任何适当的体液或组织中测量的药物浓度。在给药之后任何时间的血浆药物浓度称为C时间,如C9小时或C4小时等。
在给药期间的最大血浆药物浓度称为Cmax,而Cmin是指在给药间隔结束时的最小的血浆药物浓度;和C平均是指在给药间隔过程中的平均浓度。
本领域技术人员应该理解,在个体受试者中得到的血浆药物浓度会由于患者间在影响药物吸收、分布、代谢和排泄的许多参数方面的可变性而有所不同。因此,除非另有陈述,在描述药物血浆浓度时,所述的数值是基于试验的受试者组得到的数值的计算平均值。
术语“生物利用度”是指活性物质(药物或代谢物)进入系统循环从而接近作用位置的程度,有时是指活性物质进入系统循环从而接近作用位置的比例。
副作用在本文中定义为药物的继发的并且通常是不利的作用。
如本文中使用的术语“小珠”包括任何粒子、球体、小珠、颗粒、小球、微粒或可以被并入到口服剂型中的任何结构单元,而对其性质、药物分布模式、和大小没有任何限制。
本文中使用的术语“胶囊”是指用于包含至少一种药学活性成分的药学非活性的壳体。
本发明提供用于对哺乳动物受试者口服给药的托吡酯的增强的立即释放制剂,其中至少80%的活性化合物在不超过30分钟的时间段内溶出。优选地,至少50%的活性化合物在不超过10分钟的时间段内释放,至少25%的活性化合物在口服给药后在不超过5分钟的时间段内溶出。在本发明最优选的实施方案中,至少30%的活性化合物在不超过5分钟的时间段内释放。所述制剂包括作为活性成分的托吡酯和至少一种选自复合剂、增强剂及其组合的试剂。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述制剂包括托吡酯和至少一种复合剂(complexing agent)。所述复合剂可以选自苯甲酸酯类、羟基苯甲酸酯类、胺类、酰胺或多胺类,例如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮类、盐酸吡哆醇、尼克酰胺、多胺类,例如聚乙烯胺和聚烯丙基胺、聚乙烯亚胺、聚乙烯吡啶、和多聚赖氨酸,低聚糖和聚糖例如环糊精及其衍生物,氨基多糖例如脱乙酰壳多糖,聚阴离子例如氧冠醚和硫冠醚、聚氧化烯、或聚硅氧烷。但不限于此。
在示例性的实施方案中,本发明包括托吡酯与环糊精的高度可溶性复合物(complex),所述环糊精选自羟丙基-β-环糊精、β-环糊精、γ-环糊精、和α-环糊精、或其衍生物。环糊精已经被用于改善药物的溶解度,是因为它们具有强烈的与药物相互作用并且形成包合复合物(inclusion complex)的倾向(US 4727064)。
在新的增强的立即释放制剂中的环糊精与托吡酯的比例优选为小于20∶1,更优选为小于5∶1。
这个实施方案优选的复合剂是羟丙基-β-环糊精(HPBCD)。HPBCD具有“闭合”的圆形分子结构。在环糊精的腔内部的相邻的葡萄糖单体和氢原子之间形成键的配糖的氧赋予所述腔以电子密度和疏水性特征。有机化合物与腔壁相互作用以形成包合复合物。羟基和羟丙基存在于分子的外部,并且与水相互作用以便为由HPBCD制成的复合物提供增加的水溶性。
包括托吡酯在内的药学活性剂与环糊精的高度可溶性复合物的制备方法在现有技术中描述,并且典型地包括在水和/或有机溶剂的存在下将药物和环糊精一起混合或捏合,或者将过量的药物加入到环糊精的溶液中(例如US专利4727064和5707975、和USPTO公布No.20060105045)。因此,可以通过在水和任选的有机溶剂的存在下将托吡酯和环糊精混合来制备托吡酯和环糊精的高度可溶性复合物。优选高的环糊精的浓度,以便促进托吡酯-增强剂复合物的形成。在复合剂是羟丙基-β-环糊精的情况中,将托吡酯和HPBCD混合,使得在复合步骤过程中HPBCD的浓度大于2%,优选大于20%,更优选大于至少约40%,而托吡酯的量由HPBCD与托吡酯的期望比例来决定。对于托吡酯的部分复合,所述重量比优选为小于20∶1,更优选小于5∶1。对于托吡酯的完全复合,所述比例需要更高。复合物溶液的搅拌时间为约1小时-约48小时,优选为约5小时-约24小时。
可选的制备方法包括增量添加托吡酯和环糊精到饱和的托吡酯分散体中。将羟丙基-β-环糊精粉末的最初量加入到饱和的托吡酯分散体中。HPBCD的加入引起分散体的粘度减小。一旦分散体变为显著地粘性更低,加入更多的托吡酯,随后泼洒更多的羟丙基-β-环糊精。重复药物和羟丙基-β-环糊精的添加步骤并将溶液/分散体混合12-18小时。溶液可以在这个工艺过程中的任一点通过本发明所述的方法干燥,从而生产具有预定比例的复合/未复合的托吡酯的制剂。需要指出的是,由于所述工艺的性质,不溶解的托吡酯为非常细小的粒子形式,取决于所述工艺的阶段,所述粒子的大小为小于50微米、小于10微米、甚至小于5微米。不溶性粒子的这种减小的尺寸提供了更大的表面面积,并且由此不仅提供由形成复合物引起的溶出和溶解度增强、还有增强的溶出。如果期望托吡酯的完全复合,则通过适当的分离方法例如过滤和离心从未溶解的托吡酯分离饱和的托吡酯-HPBCD复合物溶液,并且随后的干燥提供完全复合的托吡酯。然而,对于本发明的目的,优选HPBCD/托吡酯的重量比为3∶2的制剂。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,所述新的制剂包括托吡酯和至少一种增强剂,所述增强剂选自溶解度增强剂、溶出增强剂、吸收增强剂、渗透增强剂、表面活性剂、稳定剂、酶抑制剂、p-糖蛋白抑制剂、多药耐药性蛋白抑制剂及其组合。这些化合物的代表性的但非限制性的实例尤其是维生素E TPGS、氨基酸例如谷氨酸和甘氨酸、山梨糖醇、甘露糖、直链淀粉、麦芽糖、甘露醇、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、木糖醇(xylitose)、糊精例如麦芽糖糊精、聚氧乙烯醚(40)氢化蓖麻油(甘油-聚乙二醇氧基硬脂酸酯,glycerol-polyethylene glycoloxystearate)、Gelucire 50/13(PEG-32硬脂酸棕榈酸甘油酯)、十二烷基硫酸钠、吐温80(聚氧化乙烯单油酸山梨醇酐酯)、苯甲醇、斯潘20(单月桂酸山梨醇酐酯)、泊洛沙姆(poloxamer)407、聚乙二醇例如PEG 3350;聚乙烯吡咯烷酮例如PVP K25、聚乙烯醇、多元醇、油酸、Capmul GMO(甘油基单油酸酯)、苯甲酸钠、鲸蜡醇、蔗糖硬脂酸酯、交聚维酮、淀粉羟基乙酸钠、交联羧甲纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素、淀粉、预胶化淀粉、HPMC、取代的羟丙基纤维素、微晶纤维素、碳酸氢钠、柠檬酸钙、多库酯钠、和薄荷醇。可以将增强剂组合以实现多重的增强作用,例如溶解度增强与渗透性增强和p-糖蛋白抑制相结合,或者用以提供协同作用来实现更大和更有效的增强。例如,可以将聚二醇化的甘油酯(不同等级的Gelucire)与十二烷基硫酸钠组合用以实现托吡酯的更高的溶解度增强以及更快的溶出。
在又一个实施方案中,本发明提供增强的立即释放制剂,其包括作为活性成分的托吡酯、至少一种复合剂和至少一种增强剂。制剂中的托吡酯的复合程度可以从0.1%直到100%而显著不同。
由复合剂和增强剂引起托吡酯溶解度增强的对比数据表示在表1中。
表1.托吡酯溶解度增强
| 增强剂/复合剂 | 增强比例 |
| 4%HPBCD | 1.72 |
| 2%HPBCD | 1.54 |
| 4%维生素E TPGS | 1.51 |
| 4%HPBCD+0.48%葡甲胺 | 1.46 |
| 2%维生素E TPGS | 1.41 |
| 2%聚氧乙烯醚(40)氢化蓖麻油(Cremophor RH40) | 1.33 |
| 2%Gelucire 50/13 | 1.3 |
| 0.5%SLS | 1.3 |
| 2%维生素E TPGS+0.2%SLS | 1.28 |
| 1%土温80 | 1.26 |
| 1%Gelucire 50/13 | 1.22 |
| 0.15%苯甲醇 | 1.17 |
| 2%(Cremophor RH)+0.2%斯潘20 | 1.16 |
| 1%泊洛沙姆407 | 1.16 |
| 1%PEG3350 | 1.16 |
| 0.6%PVP K25 | 1.16 |
| 0.5%油酸 | 1.15 |
| 1%SLS | 1.14 |
| 1%Capmul GMO+0.2%SLS | 1.14 |
| 0.6%苯甲酸钠 | 1.14 |
| 0.6%鲸蜡醇 | 1.14 |
| 0.5%蔗糖硬脂酸酯 | 1.14 |
| 1%Gelucire 50/13 | 1.12 |
| 1%Capmul MCM+0.2%SLS | 1.11 |
| 0.2%HPMC | 1.08 |
| 2%NaHCO3 | 1.06 |
| 0.24%多库酯钠 | 1.06 |
| 2%PEG3350 | 1.05 |
| 0.24%薄荷醇 | 1.04 |
| 对照 | 1 |
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,至少一部分(即超过0.01%,优选至少几个百分比)的活性成分可以以粒径为1μm-1000μm、优选2μm-约200μm、更优选2μm-约100μm的微粒化粒子的形式存在于制剂中。例如,制剂可以制备为使得大部分微粒化粒子的粒径小于50μtm,或者小于10μm,或者小于5μm。另外,可以在这个实施方案所涵盖的制剂中存在有一种或多种的复合剂、增强剂或其组合。所述增强剂选自溶解度增强剂、溶出增强剂、吸收增强剂、渗透增强剂、表面活性剂(例如非离子型表面活性剂、离子型表面活性剂或其组合);包括抗氧化剂、防腐剂、缓冲剂、基质和本领域中已知的其它试剂在内的稳定剂;酶抑制剂、p-糖蛋白抑制剂、多药耐药性蛋白抑制剂、或其任何组合。优选地,所述增强剂是溶解度增强剂或溶出增强剂。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,至少一部分EIR托吡酯制剂包含在至少一组小珠中。
在另一个实施方案中,活性成分本身包含在至少一组小珠中。如上所述,包含在小珠中的托吡酯可以与环糊精复合。
包含托吡酯的小珠可以另外包括至少一种增强剂,所述增强剂选自溶解度增强剂、溶出增强剂、吸收增强剂、渗透增强剂、表面活性剂、稳定剂、酶抑制剂、p-糖蛋白抑制剂、多药耐药性蛋白抑制剂及其组合。
在备选实施方案中,可以在至少一组小珠中包含至少一种增强剂而不含活性化合物。这种情况在增强剂(即,渗透性增强剂)不表现出最佳的溶出性能并且可能消极地影响托吡酯溶出的情况中特别有利。在这一实施方案中,托吡酯及其与复合剂的复合物可以被包含在单独的小珠组中,或者其可以为粉末形式。
增强的立即释放托吡酯小珠可以使用适合于小珠生产的方法来制备,例如将托吡酯悬浮液、分散体或溶液涂覆在惰性载体上,或者通过碾压、造粒、挤出/滚圆、或粉末涂敷,并且不受本文中所引用的实施例的限制。可用于本发明的惰性载体可以选自但不限于包括纤维素球体、二氧化硅、淀粉和糖球的组。惰性载体以约5重量%-约99重量%的量、优选为约20重量%-约98重量%的量存在。
作为非限制性实例,包含托吡酯的增强的立即释放小珠是通过将托吡酯分散体涂覆在惰性载体例如糖球上来制备的。除了包含微粒化形式或非微粒化形式的托吡酯之外,托吡酯分散体可以包含一种或多种复合剂或增强剂、水和任选的粘合剂例如羟丙基纤维素、羟丙甲基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和聚乙烯醇。
在制剂用复合剂增强时,如上所述,可以使所述试剂首先与托吡酯和适合的溶剂例如水混合来形成复合物。然后使包含托吡酯的复合物与单独制备的粘合剂溶液混合以提供包衣分散体。然后使用流化床处理器将包衣分散体喷雾在惰性载体例如糖球上。任选地,本发明的小珠可以另外涂有外层包衣(over-coat)。所述外层包衣可以是防潮包衣、保护性包衣、密封包衣、掩味包衣、调味剂包衣、光亮包衣、彩色包衣、或不干扰活性化合物或增强剂的释放的任何其它装饰性包衣。用于这种外层包衣的适合的包衣材料是本领域已知的,包括但不限于纤维素聚合物例如羟丙甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素和微晶纤维素、或其组合(例如,各种包衣材料)。
本发明的托吡酯的EIR制剂可以制备为口服剂型,或者为由气雾剂、喷雾剂、注射剂、栓剂、或贴剂的非限制性实例代表的任何其它剂型。口服剂型可以选自片剂、丸剂、胶囊、胶囊型片剂、锭剂、药囊、扁囊剂、小袋、粉剂、小珠、溶液、胶剂(gum)、散剂(sprinkles)。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述剂型是口服崩解剂型(ODDF)。这些剂型,例如快速崩解、快速溶解或快速熔融的片剂或小珠,可以在任何情况中方便地服用并且提供对于某些病况(例如偏头痛)所期望的作用的快速起效。将本发明的增强的立即释放制剂结合到口服崩解剂型中可以实现快速起作用、药物溶出更快和吸收更好的组合利益。
口服崩解剂型可以通过多种方法制备,例如成型、冷冻干燥、挤出、直接压缩、喷雾干燥、和升华。方法的选择取决于期望的性能和最终剂型单位的大小。通常,由较小单位组成的剂型由于表面面积增加实现活性成分的更快崩解和溶出。
本发明的ODDF可以包含本领域公知的典型的赋形剂,包括但不限于高度可溶性材料、填充剂、润湿剂、防粘剂、掩味剂、缓冲剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、助流剂、调味剂、甜味剂、和着色剂。可用于本发明的高度可溶性材料包括但不限于氨基酸例如谷氨酸和甘氨酸;碳水化合物,例如甘露糖、直链淀粉、麦芽糖、甘露醇、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、木糖醇、糊精例如麦芽糖糊精;聚乙二醇、多元醇、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、和盐例如碳酸氢钠和柠檬酸钙。
可用于实践本发明的崩解剂包括但不限于交聚维酮、淀粉羟基乙酸钠、交联羧甲纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素、淀粉、预胶化淀粉、取代的羟丙基纤维素、微晶纤维素、和复合的崩解剂(compounded disintegrants)。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,所述剂型是胶囊。增强的立即释放制剂可以以粉末的形式、至少一组小珠的形式、或其二者混合的形式被包含在胶囊中。除了托吡酯的EIR制剂之外,胶囊可以包含被配制用于立即释放或持续(延长)释放的另外的药物成分。在一个实施方案中,这种另外的药物成分可以是托吡酯的延长释放制剂。在另一个实施方案中,所述另外的药学活性剂可以是但不限于止痛和抗炎的化合物例如COX-2抑制剂、非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)、麻醉药例如阿片剂和吗啡(morphino)模拟药、具有麻醉性能的合成药物例如曲马多;抗惊厥剂例如丙戊酸或其衍生物、卡马西平、奥卡西平、加巴喷丁、和拉莫三嗪;减食欲剂或抗肥胖药例如西布曲明等、奥利司他或其它胰脂肪酶抑制剂、安非拉酮、氟西汀、安非他酮、安非他明、甲基苯丙胺、舍曲林、唑尼沙胺、和二甲双胍、以及与体重增加有关的药物例如磺酰脲类衍生物、胰岛素、和体重增加作用受托吡酯调节的噻唑啉二酮类;抗高血压药例如利尿药、抗肾上腺素能药物、钙通道阻断剂、ACE抑制剂、血管紧张素I I受体拮抗剂、醛固酮拮抗剂、血管扩张剂、在中枢起作用的肾上腺素能药物、和肾上腺素能神经元阻断剂;情绪稳定剂例如锂的各种形式/盐、ω-3脂肪酸和本领域中已知的其它情绪稳定剂,用于治疗或预防偏头痛的药物例如麦角衍生物或曲坦类、或可以安全地和有利地与托吡酯组合的任何其它药学或营养学成分。
在本发明的又一个实施方案中,胶囊包括包封在所述胶囊内部的第一量的EI R托吡酯制剂,和作为胶囊外表面上的层被涂覆的第二量的EI R托吡酯制剂。这种剂型还可以在期望作用快速起效的情况中提供这种快速起效。然而,在这种快速起效之后释放制剂的其余部分。本发明的EIR包衣胶囊可以通过在适当的包衣机例如流化床或包衣锅中用包含托吡酯的制剂和包含复合剂和/或增强剂的溶液或分散体涂覆胶囊来制备。在分散体的情况中,至少一部分的未溶解的托吡酯可以为粒径为小于10μm-小于100μm的微粒化形式。
可以将上述的“复合”剂型用于除托吡酯以外的药物成分而没有限制。通常,其由在其中包封第一药物制剂的胶囊以及涂覆在所述胶囊外表面上的第二药物制剂层组成。在一个实施方案中,所述第一药物制剂和第二药物制剂包括相同的活性成分。优选地,第二药物制剂是提供活性成分立即起作用的立即释放制剂。包含在胶囊内部的所述第一药物制剂可以是立即释放制剂、延迟释放制剂、持续释放制剂、延长释放制剂、或其组合,这取决于期望的释放参数和该剂型的治疗学适应症。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,EIR托吡酯制剂作为粉末给药。粉末的粒径可以通过本领域公知的方法来控制,例如喷雾冷冻干燥、喷雾干燥、冷冻干燥、超临界流体干燥、等等。增强的立即释放托吡酯制剂可以通过适当的方法例如喷雾冷冻干燥生产为非常细的粒子,例如小于10微米或小于5微米。增强的立即释放托吡酯的细粒子适合于喷雾递送到肺中,其具有由复合剂和/或增强剂提供的增强的托吡酯溶解度和生物利用度。所述粉末可以被重构以形成可用于通过多种给药途径递送托吡酯的剂量的溶液,例如通过经鼻、经口、非经肠或通过肺喷雾递送。
本发明的另一个目的是提供通过对哺乳动物受试者给予增强的立即释放托吡酯制剂来治疗或预防所述受试者的病理学病况的方法。可以通过本发明的方法治疗的病理学病况包括神经学病况、精神病学病况、糖尿病和相关病症、心血管病况、肥胖症、和可以通过给药托吡酯治疗或预防的任何其它病况或病症。
可以通过本发明的制剂治疗或预防的神经病症包括但不限于癫痫、偏头痛、特发性震颤、肢不宁综合征、集束性头痛、神经痛、神经性疼痛、图雷特综合症、婴儿痉挛症、围产期缺氧缺血和相关损害、慢性神经变性病症、急性神经变性、和ALS。
可以通过本发明的制剂治疗或预防的精神病学病症包括但不限于双相性精神障碍、痴呆、抑郁症、精神病、躁狂症、焦虑症、精神分裂症、强迫症、创伤后精神紧张性障碍、ADHD、冲动控制紊乱、边缘人格障碍、成瘾、和孤独症。
本发明的制剂还可以用于治疗和预防糖尿病和相关病症,例如I I型糖尿病、糖尿病性视网膜病、口服葡萄糖耐量受损、糖尿病性皮肤损害、糖尿病性神经病变、X综合症和血糖水平升高;眼科病征,包括但不限于青光眼和黄斑变性;心血管病症,例如但不限于血压升高和脂质升高;肥胖症;哮喘;自身免疫病症;睡眠呼吸暂停和睡眠障碍。所述制剂还可以用于诱导体重减轻或促进伤口愈合,或者用于其中需要使用托吡酯的上述未指出的任何其它病况。
本发明的方法有利地独立使用或者作为其中需要作用快速起效的病况的辅助治疗。这些病况的代表性实例尤其是疼痛发作、急性闭角型青光眼、急性神经变性、睡眠呼吸暂停和睡眠障碍、涉及胰岛素治疗的血糖水平升高、高血压急症、哮喘发作、与成瘾治疗或戒烟有关的突然渴望。在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述病况是偏头痛。可以给予所述增强的立即释放托吡酯制剂作为偏头痛急性发作的独立治疗、作为接受偏头痛预防性药物长期治疗的受试者的偏头痛突破性急性发作的辅助治疗。所述偏头痛预防性药物优选为托吡酯的延长释放制剂。
实施例
实施例1.与羟丙基-β-环糊精复合的托吡酯的制备方法
在恒速的混合下将托吡酯总预定量的大约一半加入到水中,随后将羟丙基-β-环糊精泼洒在该分散体中。一旦分散体变得显著地粘性更低,加入更多的药物,随后泼洒更多的羟丙基-β-环糊精。重复药物和羟丙基-β-环糊精的添加步骤并将分散体混合12-18小时。单独地,将例如羟丙甲基纤维素的粘合剂溶解于水中。将上述的托吡酯-羟丙基-β-环糊精分散体和羟丙甲基纤维素溶液混合在一起15-30分钟,并使混合物过筛80目筛。
实施例2.托吡酯-羟丙基-β-环糊精复合物小珠
使用流化床处理器将实施例1的分散体喷雾在糖球上,得到增强的立即释放小珠。不同的托吡酯增强制剂的溶出特征可以如图3中所示。小珠的组成表示在表2中。
表2.用羟丙基-β-环糊精增强的立即释放托吡酯小珠组合物
*HPBCD:药物-羟丙基-β-环糊精与药物的比例
实施例3.EIR托吡酯粉末
在使用或不使用粘合剂或其它药学可接受的赋形剂的情况下制备EIR托吡酯的溶液/分散体/悬浮液。控制工艺参数(例如,托吡酯与复合剂和/或增强剂的比例、托吡酯与介质和溶剂的比例、和起始的托吡酯粒径)使得分散体/悬浮液中的未溶解的托吡酯粒子的粒径为小于10μm到小于100μm。然后通过适当的干燥方法(例如,喷雾干燥、冷冻干燥、喷雾冷冻干燥、喷雾在载体粉末上并且干燥、蒸发、简单的干燥例如转鼓式干燥、高频干燥例如射频或微波干燥、或超临界流体干燥)将EIR托吡酯溶液/分散体/悬浮液转化为粉末形式。
(a)喷雾干燥
喷雾干燥可以在适合的喷雾干燥器例如流化喷雾干燥器或多级喷雾干燥器中进行。具体地,将EIR托吡酯溶液/分散体/悬浮液喷雾到流化床中并且用已受热的空气干燥。然后收集粉末。任选地,可以将粉末过筛以除去大的团块。
(b)冷冻干燥
冷冻干燥可以在适合的冷冻干燥器中进行。具体地,将EIR托吡酯溶液/分散体/悬浮液冻结并且减压干燥。
(c)喷雾到载体粉末上
可以将EIR托吡酯溶液/分散体/悬浮液喷雾到载体粉末(例如糖粉)或其它药学可接受的赋形剂粉末上并且干燥。具体地,将EIR托吡酯溶液/分散体/悬浮液喷雾到在流化床中的粉末上并且用已受热的空气干燥,所述粉末例如甘露糖或甘露糖与十二烷基硫酸钠的混合物以及任选的其它药学可接受的赋形剂。在喷雾完成之后,将造粒混合物进一步干燥,以除去残余的溶剂。然后将造粒粉末过筛以除去大的团块。
或者,将EIR托吡酯溶液/分散体/悬浮液喷雾在制粒机中的载体粉末上,所述载体粉末例如甘露糖或甘露糖与十二烷基硫酸钠的混合物以及任选的其它药学可接受的赋形剂。在喷雾之后,通过适当的干燥方法例如流化床干燥或烘箱干燥将所述颗粒干燥。将干燥的颗粒过筛以除去大的粒子。
实施例4.包含非复合增强剂的EIR托吡酯小珠
将托吡酯分散在粘合剂溶液中诸如羟丙甲基纤维素溶液中,该溶液包含适当量的一种或多种增强剂如d-α-生育酚基聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯(维生素E TPGS)和十二烷基硫酸钠的组合,聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油(不同等级的Cremophor RH),聚二醇化的甘油酯(不同等级的Gelucire),聚二醇化的甘油酯与十二烷基硫酸钠的组合,或其组合。使用流化床处理器将得到的分散体喷雾在惰性载体例如糖球上,以实现期望的药物载荷(表3)。这些制剂的溶出特征表示在图4中。
表3.增强的立即释放托吡酯小珠组合物
实施例5.包含微粒化粒子的托吡酯EIR小珠
在加热或非加热的条件下,将微粒化或非微粒化的托吡酯分散在溶液中,该溶液任选包含溶出增强剂如甘露糖,麦芽糖,甘露醇,乳糖,麦芽糖糊精和淀粉羟基乙酸钠和任选包含一种或多种另外的增强剂例如PEG 3350,十二烷基硫酸钠,多库酯钠,聚氧化乙烯山梨醇酐单油酸酯和泊洛沙姆,在这些工艺参数下,保持为不溶解的托吡酯粒子具有约1微米到约30微米的粒子大小。还可使用粒子粉碎装置如均化器来减小不溶解的托吡酯的粒子大小(表4)。
表4.托吡酯粒子大小
| EIR-9 | EIR-14 | |
| 在分散体中不溶解的托吡酯的粒子大小(D90) | 3微米 | 6微米 |
在包衣处理器如流化床处理器中,所得的托吡酯分散体然后被喷雾到惰性载体如糖球上。获得的制剂组成如表5所示。
表5包含微粒化粒子的托吡酯EIR小珠
实施例6.口服崩解的增强的立即释放托吡酯片剂和丸剂
在上述实施例中描述的EI R托吡酯粉剂或颗粒与另外的赋形剂混合,并使用压片机被制成片剂,或者使用滚压机被制成丸剂,所述另外的赋形剂为诸如高度可溶性材料、崩解剂、填充剂、粘合剂、润湿剂、润滑剂、防粘剂、掩味剂、调味剂、着色剂、缓冲剂和另外的增强剂。一些赋形剂如高度可溶性赋形剂可以在与组合物中的其余组分混合之前与另外的赋形剂进行预造粒。所得片剂的组成如表6所示。
表6.口服崩解的增强的立即释放托吡酯片剂的组成
*作为预形成的复合物
**作为预成形的颗粒或喷雾干燥的混合物
实施例7.快速起效的托吡酯胶囊
增强的立即释放托吡酯制剂被施用于胶囊的外表面上,该胶囊可以另外包含托吡酯的立即释放制剂或延长释放制剂,或这些托吡酯制剂的组合。具体而言,包含托吡酯的粉末或小珠被填充在胶囊中。任选地,胶囊用控制释放的包衣如甲基丙烯酸类聚合物(EudragitL30D-55或Eudragit FS 30D)或外层包衣如纤维素类聚合物(Opadry)或二者进行包衣。适当量的托吡酯复合物的溶液或分散体或悬浮液例如相当于25毫克的托吡酯然后被包衣到所得胶囊的表面上。
Claims (11)
1.一种药物剂型,其包含在胶囊中包封第一药物制剂的胶囊以及涂覆在所述胶囊外表面上的第二药物制剂层。
2.权利要求1的剂型,其中所述第一药物制剂和第二药物制剂包括相同的活性成分。
3.权利要求2的剂型,其中所述第二药物制剂是立即释放的制剂。
4.权利要求1的剂型,其中所述第一药物制剂是立即释放制剂、延迟释放制剂、持续释放制剂、延长释放制剂、或其组合。
5.权利要求1的剂型,其中至少所述第二药物制剂包括托吡酯作为活性成分。
6.治疗或预防哺乳动物受试者的病理学病况的方法,包括对所述受试者给予治疗有效量的增强的立即释放(EIR)托吡酯制剂,所述制剂包括托吡酯和选自复合剂、增强剂及其组合的至少一种试剂,其中至少80%的托吡酯在不超过30分钟的时间段内溶出,其中至少一部分的所述活性成分为微粒化的粒子形式。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中所述粒子的平均粒径为约1μm-约100μm。
8.包括治疗有效量的增强的立即释放托吡酯制剂的药物剂型,所述增强的立即释放托吡酯制剂包括托吡酯和选自复合剂、增强剂及其组合的至少一种试剂,其中至少80%的托吡酯在不超过30分钟的时间段内溶出,其中至少一部分的所述活性成分为微粒化的粒子形式。
9.权利要求8的剂型,其中所述粒子的平均粒径为约1μm-约100μm。
10.权利要求4的剂型,其中至少一部分的所述活性成分为微粒化的粒子形式。
11.权利要求10的剂型,其中所述粒子的平均粒径为约1μm-约100μm。
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- 2007-12-04 US US11/987,806 patent/US20080131501A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2015
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| US20150024055A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 |
| ES2645719T3 (es) | 2017-12-07 |
| EP2061431B1 (en) | 2013-04-24 |
| ES2422655T3 (es) | 2013-09-12 |
| US20080131501A1 (en) | 2008-06-05 |
| EP2363113B1 (en) | 2017-08-02 |
| MX2009003911A (es) | 2009-05-28 |
| CA2658521A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
| CA2658521C (en) | 2015-06-09 |
| CN102114002A (zh) | 2011-07-06 |
| EP2363113A1 (en) | 2011-09-07 |
| CN101553204B (zh) | 2013-10-30 |
| JP2015120716A (ja) | 2015-07-02 |
| JP2010511633A (ja) | 2010-04-15 |
| EP2061431A2 (en) | 2009-05-27 |
| JP5721326B2 (ja) | 2015-05-20 |
| CN101553204A (zh) | 2009-10-07 |
| WO2008070670A3 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
| WO2008070670A2 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
| AU2007329373B2 (en) | 2013-06-20 |
| CN102114002B (zh) | 2016-05-11 |
| JP5974122B2 (ja) | 2016-08-23 |
| AU2007329373A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
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