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CN1022038C - 4-脱甲氧基-4-氨基蒽环化合物的制备方法 - Google Patents

4-脱甲氧基-4-氨基蒽环化合物的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1022038C
CN1022038C CN88102182A CN88102182A CN1022038C CN 1022038 C CN1022038 C CN 1022038C CN 88102182 A CN88102182 A CN 88102182A CN 88102182 A CN88102182 A CN 88102182A CN 1022038 C CN1022038 C CN 1022038C
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米歇尔·卡鲁索
安东尼诺·萨拉托
弗朗西斯科·安吉卢西
费德里科·阿卡莫尼
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Abstract

制备式(I)蒽环苷的相似方法,其中R1为氢。起始物是新的式(II)正定霉素酮衍生物,其以N-保护的形式与适宜的糖衍生物偶联。
新的苷是抗肿瘤剂。

Description

本发明是关于蒽环苷(anthracycline    glycoside)和其制备方法。
本发明提供具有通式(Ⅰ)的蒽环苷类及其可作药用的与酸形成的盐,
Figure 881021822_IMG3
其中R1代表氢原子或羟基;R2和R3中的一个代表氢原子,另一个代表氢原子或羟基。较好的盐为盐酸盐。
式(Ⅰ)的苷类及其可作药用的与酸形成的盐可以用下述方法制备,该方法包括:
(ⅰ)使正定霉素酮(daunomycionone)衍生物(式Ⅱ)的受保护衍生物与受保护的卤代糖(式Ⅲ)反应,并且从所得产物中脱去保护基,得到例如其中R1为氢的式(Ⅰ)蒽环苷,
Figure 881021822_IMG4
式Ⅱ中,4-氨基被保护,
Figure 881021822_IMG5
式Ⅲ中,Hal为卤原子,优选氯原子。
(ⅱ)如果需要,可以将上述式(Ⅰ)苷转变成它的可作药用的盐;
(ⅲ)如果需要,可以使上述式(Ⅰ)苷或其可作药用的盐溴化,并将所得14-溴衍生物水解,以便生成相应的式(Ⅰ)苷(其中R1为羟基);
(ⅳ)如果需要,可以将上述式(Ⅰ)苷(其中R1为羟基)转变成它的可作药用的盐。
4-脱甲氧基-4-N-三氟乙酰氨基正定霉素酮与受保护的卤代糖(Ⅳ)的缩合反应可以在三氟甲磺酸银存在下进行。可以应用US-A-4107423中所述的方法,得到(7S,9S)-O-三氟乙酰基保护的α-苷衍生物。将4-脱甲氧基-4-N-三氟乙酰氨基正定霉素酮溶于无水二氯甲烷中,并于5~10℃进行反应。用弱碱处理,可以除去N-保护的三氟乙酰基。
R1为氢的式(Ⅰ)蒽环苷可以按步骤(ⅱ)以其盐酸盐形式分离出。接着按US-A-4067969所述方法处理生成的4-脱甲氧基-4-氨基正定霉素衍生物,得到步骤(ⅲ)所述相应的4-脱甲氧基-4-氨基阿霉素。可用甲酸钠进行水解。在步骤(ⅳ)中,生成的R1为羟基的式(Ⅰ)蒽环苷最好以其盐酸盐的形式把它分离出来。
4-N-保护的正定霉素酮衍生物可以按下述方法制备,该方法包括:
(a)通过氢解除去式(Ⅴ)洋红霉素酮(Carminomycinone)的7α-羟基;
Figure 881021822_IMG6
(b)在N,N-二异丙基乙胺和催化量的4-二甲氨基吡啶存在下,使生成的4-脱甲氧基-7-脱氧正定霉素酮(式Ⅵ)与4-氟苯磺酰氯反应;
Figure 881021822_IMG7
(c)使生成的4-脱甲氧基-4-O-[4-氟苯磺酰基]-7-脱氧正定霉素酮(式Ⅶ)与苄胺反应;
Figure 881021822_IMG8
(d)通过催化氢化,从生成的4-脱甲氧基-4-苄氨基-7-脱氧正定霉素酮(式Ⅷ)中脱去苄基;
Figure 881021822_IMG9
(e)将得到的4-脱甲氧基-4-氨基-7-脱氧正定霉素酮(式Ⅸ)的4-氨基加以保护,
Figure 881021822_IMG10
(f)重新把7α-羟基引入到生成的式(Ⅹ)化合物中,得正定霉素酮衍生物(式Ⅱ)的受保护衍生物(式Ⅺ);
Figure 881021822_IMG11
式Ⅹ中,Ⅹ′代表氨基保护基,
Figure 881021822_IMG12
式Ⅺ中,Ⅹ′的定义同上;
图示Ⅰ
Figure 881021822_IMG13
上述方法用上面的图示Ⅰ详细说明。该方法的起始化合物为天然的洋红霉素酮(Carminomycinone)式(Ⅴ)。步骤(b)的磺酰化反应仅生成取代的C-4-O-磺酰基衍生物(Ⅶ),其余的C-6-OH和C-11-OH均不受影响。应该强调指出,仅在所述条件下,获得了未曾预料到的选择性。
反应(c)在蒽环化学中是新的反应,反应(c)可能是由于醌基团和C-4位置上的4-氟苯磺酰基拉电子作用的结果。该反应最好在四氢呋喃中于室温下进行。步骤(e)最好用三氟乙酸酐进行。因此在式(Ⅹ)和(Ⅺ)中,Ⅹ′最好代表三氟乙酰基。步骤(f)可以按照C.M.Wong等所述方法[Can.J.Chem.,51,446(J973)]进行。用乙二醇处理,可以有效地保护4-脱甲氧基-4-(受保护的氨基)-7-脱氧正定霉素酮(式Ⅻ)的13-酮基;将生成的化合物7-位溴化;水解7-溴和13-缩酮基,得到4-脱甲氧基-4-N-三氟乙酰氨基正定霉素酮(式ⅩⅢ),
Figure 881021822_IMG14
Figure 881021822_IMG15
该类苷是抗肿瘤剂。通过将有代表性的一个式(Ⅰ)化合物-4-脱甲氧基-4-氨基正定霉素(Ⅰa)与正定霉素(DNR)两者在体外对于对阿霉素敏感的人结肠癌细胞[记为(Lo    Vo]或对于对阿霉素有抗性的人结肠腺癌细胞(记为Lo    Vo/DX)的细胞毒性进行比较,评价该化合物(Ⅰa)的活性。结果列于表1。
表1    给药4小时后抑制癌细胞试验
化合物    Lo    Vo    Lo    Vo/DX
ID50(微克/毫升) ID50(微克/毫升)
Ⅰa    0.7    99
正定霉素    50.3    1805
还测定了(Ⅰa)和正定霉(DNR)素在体内抗扩散的Gross白血病的活性。结果见表2。
表2    静脉给药+1小时
化合物    毫克/公斤    T/C%    TOX
正定霉素    10    133    0/10
15    167    0/10
22.5    200    1/10
Ⅰa    1.6    183    0/10
1.9    192    0/10
2.29    200    1/10
T/C%表示(经治疗小鼠存活时间平均值/对照组小鼠存活时间平均值)×100
TOX表示中毒致死
用以下实例详细说明本发明
实例1
4-脱甲基-7-脱氧正定霉素酮(Ⅵ)
将1.5克4-脱甲基正定霉素酮(Ⅴ)溶于100毫升二噁烷和100毫升乙醇的混合液中,并于室温,在0.3克5%钯-硫酸钡存在下进行氢化3小时。过滤后减压除去溶剂,得到接近定量产率的4-脱甲基-7-脱氧正定霉素酮(Ⅵ)。
经硅胶F254(Merck)薄层层析,用甲苯和丙酮(9∶1,按体积计)的混合液为展开剂,Rf=0.30。
实例2
4-脱甲基-4-O-(4-氟苯磺酰基)-7-脱氧正定霉素酮(Ⅶ)
在室温和搅拌下,向1.0克4-脱甲基-7-脱氧正定霉素酮(Ⅵ)在200毫升无水二氯甲烷的溶液(含0.52毫升N,N-二异丙基乙胺和催化量的4-二甲基氨基吡啶)中加入0.52克4-氟苯磺酰氯。30分钟后完成反应,反应混合物依次用0.1N盐酸水溶液和水洗涤。有机溶液用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在减压下除去溶剂。粗产品用少量甲苯溶解并结晶,得0.6克纯的式Ⅵ4-脱甲基-4-O-磺酸酯衍生物。母液经柱层析纯化,用甲苯和丙酮的混合液为洗脱剂,得到另外的0.3克产品。产率为80%。
经硅胶F254(Merck)薄层层析,用甲苯和丙酮(9∶1,按体积计)的混合液展开,Rf=0.26。
场解吸质谱[M+]526
紫外光谱λ最大(甲醇):524,490nm
1H核磁共振谱(200MHz,CDCl3)δ:
13.43,13.36(s,2H,11-OH,6-OH)
8.38(dd,J=1.3,7.9Hz,1H,1-H)
8.02(m,2H,
Figure 881021822_IMG16
7.80(dd,J=7.9,8.1Hz,1H    2-H)
7.62(dd,J=1.3,8.1Hz,1H,3-H)
7.23(m,2H,
Figure 881021822_IMG17
3.77(s,1H,9-OH)
3.1-2.8(m,4H,7-CH2,10-CH2
2.38(s,3H,COCH3
2.0-1.9(m,2H,8-CH2
实例3
4-脱甲氧基-4-苄氨基-7-脱氧正定霉素酮(Ⅷ)
将0.8克化合物Ⅶ溶于100毫升四氢呋喃中,向其中加入0.5毫升苄胺。混合物在搅拌下于40℃保持36小时,然后加入50毫升1N盐酸水溶液和100毫升二氯甲烷。有机相用水洗涤二次,并用无水硫酸钠干燥。减压除去溶剂。粗产品经快速层析法层析,以甲苯和丙酮的混合液作为洗脱剂,得0.48克4-脱甲氧基-4-苄氨基-7-脱氧正定霉素酮(Ⅷ),产率为69%。
经硅胶F254(Merck)薄层层析,用甲苯和丙酮(9∶1,按体积计)的混合液展开,Rf=0.28。
场解吸质谱[M+]457
紫外光谱λ最大(甲醇):548nm
1H核磁共振谱(200MHz,CDCl3)δ:
13.58(s,2H,6-OH,11-OH)
9.86(t,J=5.7Hz,1H,NH-CH2Ph)
7.64(d,J=7.3Hz,1H,1-H)
7.49(dd,J=7.3,8.3Hz,1H,2-H)
7.4-7.2(m,5H,NHCH2Ph)
7.00(d,J=8.3Hz,1H,3-H)
4.60(d,J=5.7Hz,2H,NHCH2Ph)
3.1-2.9(m,4H,10-CH2,7-CH2
2.37(s,3H,COCH3
2.0-1.9(m,2H,8-CH2
实例4
4-脱甲氧基-4-氨基-7-脱氧正定霉素酮(Ⅸ)
将0.45克4-脱甲氧基-4-苄氨基-7-脱氧正定霉素酮(Ⅷ)溶于40毫升乙醇、20毫升乙酸和0.4毫升37%盐酸水溶液的混合液中。向其中加入0.2克5%钯/硫酸钡催化剂,混合物在室温和1个大气压下氢化1小时。随后滤去催化剂,减压蒸去溶剂。粗产品经快速层析法层析,用甲苯和丙酮的混合液作为洗脱剂,得0.2克4-脱甲氧基-4-氨基-7-脱氧正定霉素酮(Ⅸ),产率为75%。
经硅胶F254(Merck)薄层层析,用甲苯和丙酮(9∶1,按体积计)的混合液展开,Rf=0.17。
场解吸质谱[M+]367
紫外λ最大(甲醇):536,508nm
1H核磁共振谱(200MHz,CDCl3)δ:
13.62,13.55(s,2H,11-OH,6-OH)
7.64(d,J=7.7Hz,1-H)
7.46(dd,J=7.7,8.3Hz,1H,2-H)
6.93(d,J=8.3Hz,1H,3-H)
6.8-7.0(宽峰,2H,NH2
3.83(s,1H,9-OH)
3.1-2.8(m,4H,7-CH2,10-CH2
2.37(s,3H,COCH3
2.0-1.9(m,2H,8-CH2
实例5
4-脱甲氧基-4-N-三氟乙酰氨基-7-脱氧正定霉素酮(Ⅻ)
将0.2克4-脱甲氧基-4-氨基-7-脱氧正定霉素酮(Ⅸ)溶于20毫升无水二氯甲烷中,于0℃冷却,向其中加入0.3毫升三氟乙酸酐。10分钟后再加入碳酸氢钠水溶液。有机相用水洗涤二次,分出,用无水硫酸钠干燥。减压除去溶剂,得定量的化合物Ⅻ。
经硅胶F254(Merck)薄层层析,用甲苯和丙酮(9∶1,按体积计)的混合液展开,Rf=0.32。
实例6
4-脱甲氧基-4-N-三氟乙酰氨基正定霉素酮(ⅩⅢ)
在0.015克对甲苯碘酸存在下,用迪安-斯达克装置,将0.2克化合物Ⅻ、15毫升苯和0.5毫升乙二醇组成的悬浮液回流4小时。混合物冷却后,用碳酸氢钠水溶液和水依次洗涤,然后蒸发至干,得0.2克所需的缩酮。
后者于40℃溶于125毫升二氯甲烷中,并在0.25克2,2′-偶氮二异丁腈存在下用溴(1.7毫升0.6M二氯甲烷溶液)处理。
3小时后使混合物冷却,并用碳酸氢钠水溶液萃取,然后用二氯甲烷洗涤二次,减压除去溶剂。残留物于0℃溶于3毫升三氟乙酸和0.3毫升水中并搅拌1小时,再用二氯甲烷萃取。
有机相依次用碳酸氢钠水溶液和水洗涤。分出有机相,经无水硫酸钠干燥并减压蒸发,得0.1克4-脱甲氧基-4-N-三氟乙酰氨基正定霉素酮(ⅩⅢ),产率为48%。
经硅胶F254(Merck)薄层层析,用二氯甲烷和丙酮(95∶5,按体积计)的混合液展开,Rf=0.23。
场解吸质谱[M+]479
实例7
4-脱甲氧基-4-氨基正定霉素酮(Ⅰa)
将0.08克按实例6所述方法制备的4-脱甲氧基-4-N-三氟乙酰氨基正定霉素酮(ⅩⅢ)溶于无水二氯甲烷中,溶液冷却至5~10℃。于剧烈搅拌下,将0.024克按“Cancer    Chemotherapy    Reports,part3,Vol.6,№.2,p.123”所述方法制备的1-氯-N,O-二-三氟乙酰基-正定胺(1-chloro-N,O-ditrifluoroacetyl-daunosamine)的乙醚溶液和0.150克三氟甲磺酸银的二氯甲烷溶液同时迅速地加到上述溶液中。5分钟后,再加入0.070克三氟甲磺酸银,5分钟后加入可力丁终止反应。过滤混合物,依次用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液和水洗涤,干燥并于减压下浓缩。残留物经硅胶柱层析,用二氯甲烷洗脱,得4-脱甲氧基-4-N-三氟乙酰氨 基-N-三氟乙酰基-正定霉素(Ⅰa)。将该化合物溶于10毫升丙酮中,并于0℃与30毫升0.1N氢氧化钠水溶液反应3小时。随后用0.1N盐酸水溶液将该溶液PH调至4.5,糖苷配基用二氯甲烷萃取除去。再将水溶液PH调至8.6并用二氯甲烷萃取,经无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩至小体积,用0.1N盐酸甲醇溶液酸化至PH4.5,得标题化合物的盐酸盐。

Claims (1)

1、制备通式(Ⅰ)蒽环苷或盐酸盐的方法
Figure 881021822_IMG2
其中R1为氢,该方法包括:将于5-10℃溶于无水二氯甲烷的4-脱甲氧-4-N-三氟乙酰氨基-正定霉素酮,在三氟甲磺酸银的存在下,与1-氯-N,O-二-三氟乙酰基-柔毛胺的乙醚溶液反应,于硅胶柱子上纯化,得到的N-三氟乙酰保护的正定霉素衍生物用二氯甲烷洗脱,于0℃,丙酮中,将保护的衍生物用0.1N氢氧化钠水溶液进行温和的碱水解3小时,随后用0.1N甲醇氯化氢处理浓缩的溶液,得到所要的4-脱甲氧-4-氨基-正定霉素的盐酸盐。
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