CN1021469C - Semi-rotor type multifunctional internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Semi-rotor type multifunctional internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN1021469C CN1021469C CN88109112A CN88109112A CN1021469C CN 1021469 C CN1021469 C CN 1021469C CN 88109112 A CN88109112 A CN 88109112A CN 88109112 A CN88109112 A CN 88109112A CN 1021469 C CN1021469 C CN 1021469C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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Abstract
A semi-rotor internal combustion engine with aerating and pneumatic functions can use various liquid fuels and is suitable for use as the engine of automobile, ship and low-speed airplane.
The internal combustion engine comprises a flame thrower [3] which is similar to a rocket in working principle, a pneumatic machine [1] with a variable space volume of a sealing surface formed by a rotor and a stator when a uniform speed surface rotates singly, a reciprocating piston type air compressor [4] and a gas turbine, wherein fuel continuously explodes during working, generated gas successively applies work for three times, a rotor of the pneumatic machine rotates at a high torque and 10000 rpm, the internal combustion engine has high heat engine efficiency, and when the internal combustion engine is used as an automobile engine, the kinetic energy of braking and downhill can be recycled.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of improved internal-combustion engine, particularly a kind of efficiency of heat engine is the multi-functional internal-combustion engine of highland semi-rotor very, and it can use multiple liquid fuel, is fit to do the motor of car, ship and dopey.
Existing internal-combustion engine mainly is made up of bent axle, connecting rod, cylindric piston and cylinder, and the to-and-fro motion by piston during work changes the volume of firing chamber and finish that four strokes in turn in same cylinder.Because of this structural reason makes this internal-combustion engine be difficult to ultra high speed running and very high efficiency of heat engine is arranged, be also not to be to store and again with the function of providing convenience, therefore inconvenience is further energy-conservation when making the motor of automobile again with the kinetic energy in descending and the brake with it.Also have a kind of triangle piston formula internal-combustion engine, rotation and the revolution in corresponding cylinder done work by piston, but because of the rib of triangular shape piston gets too serious to the internal surface scraping of cylinder and can't solve, so also cannot apply so far.The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of multipotency internal-combustion engine of semi-rotor and finish as follows:
A) it is mainly by the pneumatic motor [1] of rotator type, the gas compressor [4] of the flame projector of rocket type [3] reciprocating piston type, if the control panel of air circuit breaker and oil circuit switch and instrument [9], gas-turbine [11], gas receiver and high pressure oil pump and little inflator formations such as (1-4), the correlation of these critical pieces is: the output terminal of gas compressor by the series connection of the preheating chamber (2-a-6) in tracheae and the pneumatic motor stator case after again road tracheae told of the gas-filled switching tube on control panel be connected with the suction tude of flame projector, the high-pressure oil pipe of high pressure oil pump connects behind the switch of changing oil on the control panel again oil outlet tube by this switch and connects oil nozzle and lighter on the flame projector respectively, the mouth of the suction port of pneumatic motor and discharging waste gas connects the spit tube of flame projector and the suction port of gas-turbine again respectively, be again pneumatic motor countershaft by axle and gear respectively and gas compressor, other need the gear engagement of the parts of power on inflator and this machine, simultaneously also with the gear engagement of gas-turbine, the main shaft of pneumatic motor and the gear engagement of clutch, after mutually combining like this, flame projector changes into the pressurized air and the fuel of input high temperature and high pressure gas and sends into pneumatic motor by spit tube by lighting, the rotor of pneumatic motor just runs up under the promotion of this gas and provides power for this machine, running is carried out and smoothly by the main shaft outputting power, pneumatic motor is mainly by stator, rotor and make the synchronous operated axle of all rotors and the gear formation, all rotors that bear high temperature run through with the main shaft of a level and claim that these are high-temperature rotor, each axial region that bears the rotor of low temperature is vertically arranged and is meshed by umbrella gear above it and the umbrella gear on this low temperature rotor shaft by the countershaft of a level, this main shaft and countershaft are parallel to each other and are meshed by top synchromesh gear, it is orthogonal but not in one plane that rotor all is that each high-temperature rotor and low temperature rotor are formed one group and rotor shaft, the all single at the uniform velocity running synchronously of all rotors in the work, this just is separated into stator interior the confined space-chamber of just doing work of a plurality of variable volume, stator is provided with gas port, rotor is provided with piston and does valve by the group of piston, so just the strong point with piston and impeller rolls into one, could pass through after making gas have only the acting of the rotor of promotion, flame projector is an airtight container, its front and back is provided with a device, main fuel spray nozzle, secondary oil nozzle, spark plug, thermorelay and suction tude, both sides and bottom are provided with spit tube and lighter, the firing chamber is in central inner, the lower end set up one with tracheae that secondary gas receiver is connected on valve, be with gasoline and plug ignition during startup, be again by main fuel spray nozzle spray gasoline after the igniter elder generation flame, equitemperature is put on the back and is just closed these oil nozzles automatically and make secondary oil nozzle and lighter work, use diesel oil, kerosene, gasoline and other liquid fuels all can, the effect of lighter is to resemble the hot flame that a branch of steady weighing apparatus is provided for the firing chamber the blowtorch, make the working principle and the blowtorch of rapid and continuous this lighter of burning of the fuel that sprays into the firing chamber approaching, it comprises that shower nozzle is approaching with the working principle and the electronic lighter of the thermalization device igniter of oil, and it comprises shell, ignitron, spark lever and electric heating apparatus.
B) internal-combustion engine is set up switch and the corresponding parts of control system that change function, gas-filled switching tube [6] is in gas compressor, between flame projector and the secondary gas receiver on three prongs of gas circuit, it also is provided with valve and piston by tracheae control, respectively in flame projector lower end and change oil switch tooth bar one end nearby, jettron [7] is on the gas circuit that secondary gas receiver and flame projector lower end valve join, it also establishes valve and piston by tracheae control, respectively in flame projector lower end and change oil the switch tooth bar the other end nearby, these two switches comprise its driving lever, pedal and a plurality of valves of having an effect, set up a little inflator (1-4) in the gas circuit, main gas receiver and inflation regulator, effect is for the power of control usefulness is provided away from driving lever and the valve band cylinder piston, driving lever just makes gas compressor inflate and cut out oil circuit in secondary gas receiver depress the pedal of gas-filled switching tube when descending and the brake with the vehicle of this internal-combustion engine after, secondary gas receiver is just emitted the spit tube promotion pneumatic motor drive vehicle driving of pressurized air through flame projector after depressing jettron during vehicle start, unclamping this pedal internal-combustion engine after the starting starts working again automatically, the switch [8] of changing oil is in high pressure oil pump to the oil circuit between the flame projector, it is by three oil circuit switches of the control of the gear under the handle, and inflated and these two switches of exitting add the gear engagement of tooth bar with the switch of the common control of thermorelay on the flame projector again, make this switch can be three automatic conversion of gear, this switch of changing oil comprises the piston of push-and-pull tooth bar, electromagnet, and the gear on the switch, rotor comprises rotor wheel
C) efficiency of heat engine table (η) is by the magnetoelectric gauge outfit, the generator (E) of the electrical quantity of rotating speed is provided, the pressure intensity parameter of acting gas and two potentiometers (W-P) that the fuel feeding parameter also all is transformed into electrical quantity (W-Q) and with the circuit that this parameter is handled are formed, the baroceptor that communicates with flame projector (P) and with the responsive bar of the fuel delivery of high pressure oil pump (L-Q) respectively with the jockey mechanical connection of these two potentiometers, the numeral of dial scale mark efficiency of heat engine, wattmeter (N) has only lacked the device that the fuel feeding parameter is provided than (η) table, these two tables and inflation and pneumatic these three switches of changing oil in addition all are located on the control panel [9], so that improve the utilization ratio and the kinetic energy that makes full use of vehicle of fuel.
After internal-combustion engine so fundamentally improves, fuel is continuous outburst during work, the high temperature and high pressure gas that produces successively does work three times, rotor under the promotion of gas with the rotation speed operation of very big torque and 10000 rev/mins, because this internal-combustion engine itself power consumption seldom and will cool off and heat that waste gas is taken away is recycled, so very high efficiency of heat engine is arranged.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done description further:
Fig. 1: be profile of the present invention (from the left back).
Fig. 2: the exteranl gear mechanism that is pneumatic motor [1] and gas-turbine [11].
Fig. 2-a: the structural drawing that is high-temperature rotor and high temperature stator chamber.
Fig. 2-b: the structural drawing that is low temperature rotor and low temperature stator chamber.
Fig. 2-c: the schematic representation that is lubricant separator (2-c).
Fig. 2-d: the profile that is pneumatic motor and gas-turbine stator.
Fig. 3: be space coordinates and the bus of describing rotor and stator chamber.
Fig. 4: be stator chamber group schematic representation.
Fig. 5: be pneumatic motor working procedure schematic representation.
Fig. 6: the structural drawing that is flame projector [3].
Fig. 7: the schematic representation that is gas compressor [4], inflator (1-4) and gas cleaner [5].
Fig. 8: be the principle schematic of switch [8], enable switch (8-e) and gas-filled switching tube and jettron of changing oil.
Fig. 9: the schematic representation that is the important gas circuit of gas-filled switching tube [6], jettron [7] and entire internal combustion engine.
Figure 10: the horizontal position distribution map that is vitals of the present invention.
Figure 10-a: the signal schematic diagram that is efficiency of heat engine table (η) wattmeter (N) and tachometer.
With reference to the figure I in conjunction with Fig. 2-d: one by pneumatic motor [1], gear-box [2], flame projector [3], gas compressor [4], gas cleaner [5], be provided with gas-filled switching tube [6] jettron [7] switch [8] of changing oil and start electricity and turn round the internal-combustion engine that control panel [9], gas-turbine [11] and the gas receiver of (8-e) and efficiency of heat engine table and other instrument are formed, its pneumatic motor [1] is a rotator type, gas compressor [4] is cylindric piston type, and flame projector [3] is a rocket type.These three critical pieces can indiscriminately ad. as one wishes allow its conversion among this three machine of single inflator, pneumatic motor and internal-combustion engine under the effect of gas-filled switching tube [6], jettron [7] and the switch of changing oil [8], under the demonstration of efficiency of heat engine table and relevant instrument, can further improve efficiency of heat engine by adjusting the relevant controlling device.(1-1) is high pressure oil pump and magnetogenerator successively (1-2) among this figure, and (1-3) (1-9) is the transmission shaft of rocking handle and special and the connecting tube, the line that are located at gas receiver, fuel tank and storage battery outside the machine of this internal-combustion engine.(1-7) (1-10) is power output wheel and chimney.
With reference to Fig. 2: by two use the high-temperature rotor (2-1) of same horizontal axis and (2-3), two all have the low temperature rotor (2-2) of vertical shaft and gear and (2-4), synchromesh gear (2-5-1) (2-6-2) (2-6-4) (2-6-6), the exteranl gear mechanism that forms such as the impeller of main shaft (2-5) and countershaft (2-6) and gas-turbine [13], the axle of its high-temperature rotor and low temperature rotor is orthogonal and is orientation rotation synchronously strictly.All there is smooth surface of revolution curved surface the both sides of each rotor wheel, are called air supporting (D).The piston that is arcuation hexahedron (θ) on the circumference is fixed on the rotor wheel.In these rotors, each high-temperature rotor and a low temperature rotor are formed one group, and per two group rotors are formed a unit, and a powerful pneumatic motor can have a plurality of unit, and this internal-combustion engine has been used one.These rotors are when rotating, must be that high-temperature rotor is initiatively, for the purpose of problem analysis is convenient, below mainly with (2-1) (2-2) this group rotor describe: piston all is to be fixed on the rotor wheel, its cross section and longitudinal section all are the fan annular, and its top and bottom all is the inclined plane shape of distortion.It is recessed that rotor wheel and piston all are away from the face of rotor shaft that the middle part has, and therefore claims that it is rotor ditch (G) and piston ditch (g), and this group rotor is when rotation synchronously, and top piston is that alternately passes through two point of intersection between the rotor.Near the point of intersection, all keep the line style gap of " worker " word shape between the rotor ditch of this rotor and the piston ditch of another rotor at any time.When (2-2-6) is by the point of intersection at the bottom of the piston head (2-1-5) of rotor (2-1) and the piston, form a minimum gap between the top and bottom of two pistons.This gap is along with the wearing and tearing of gear reduce.
When also meet in this point of intersection in other two ends of these two pistons, form an interspace again, but this gap is to increase along with the wearing and tearing of gear, because the location-appropriate of the intake valve on the stator chamber, so minimum to the influence of acting chamber.The basic reason that inverse variation takes place in these two gaps is: the required power great majority of internal-combustion engine itself are to transmit by countershaft (2-6).Along with the wearing and tearing of gear, the phase place of low temperature rotor progressively lags behind.In order to make the gap that progressively reduces can seal and can not hinder the motion of piston well, during fabrication with the piston (2-2-4) of low temperature rotor with soft and the light and resistant to elevated temperatures material of matter.On high-temperature rotor (2-1), (g-1) (G-1) is followed successively by piston ditch and rotor ditch, and (R-1) (R '-1) is piston group, and (2-1-5) (2-1-3) is at the bottom of the piston and the top successively, (D-1) is air supporting, a side of rotor wheel that Here it is.Aperture on the piston ditch (6) all with hollow the communicating of main shaft (2-5).On low temperature rotor (2-2), its title of the position identical with high-temperature rotor is also corresponding identical, and the axis hole in the middle of the rotor shaft upper end communicates with the space in the piston.
With reference to Fig. 2-a: with two high-temperature rotors that resistant to elevated temperatures high-strength material is made, its internal piston is provided with some spaces (ψ), and some spaces are also arranged under the position that rotor wheel and piston join, and this is convenient to rotary balance and heat insulation very much.The axle of high-temperature rotor is exactly main shaft (2-5), and it is hollow, and bearing is provided in a side of two ends.Be provided with sleeve shape sealer (2-5-3) between bearing and rotor subject, the sealing device is the sleeve of band annulus and a pin, can slide vertically among a small circle during work but can not relatively rotate with axle.The right-hand member of main shaft has a tracheae (2-9-1) that communicates with inflator (1-4), it is the sealing by the joint of the hollow and tracheae of sliding friction retainer shaft, the pressurized air that inflator is sent here can (6-5) flow in the stator chamber by the pore (6-3) in the piston, and the effect of these gases is that rotor is cooled off.Some gas flows into stator chamber from the aperture between the rotor (δ-4).A preheating chamber (2-a-6) is arranged in the shell on the top of high temperature stator, and the fresh air of being sent here by gas compressor [4] enters from two ends and flows into flame projector [3] from the outlet (2-a-9) of neutralization, can realize heat exchange like this.The skin of stator is the thermal insulation layer of making of thermal-protective material, stops distributing of heat energy according to this.With the shell at the close stator position of the air supporting (D) of rotor in be provided with air cushion (S), it is to be made of the right pore of an air chamber that communicates with inflator and some and air supporting standard, and the rotor that runs up is not rubbed at this with stator.Flow into stator chamber with the gas of crossing and help acting.The joint of sealer (2-5-3) and bearing (2-a-12) and main shaft and tracheae (2-a-1), all the machine oil of being sent here by oil pump is lubricated and cools off.Handle by lubricant separator with the machine oil of crossing.
With reference to Fig. 2-b with in conjunction with Fig. 2-c and Fig. 2: the axle (2-6-3) of low temperature rotor is hollow entirely, the space that has some to be communicated with in the piston with rotor wheel, the high-pressure air of sending here by inflator (1-4) enter from the two ends of axle and through behind the piston again the aperture from the piston ditch flow out, so air-flow can pass piston.For the air cushion among this figure.Air supporting and sealer, the structure with working principle on all with high-temperature rotor on corresponding identical.The identical parts of letter all are of the same name before the numbering.The skin of low temperature stator also is a thermal insulation layer, and the machine oil of using is handled by another lubricant separator.
Numbering among Fig. 2 is done following explanation again: (2-1-5) (2-1-3) is at the bottom of the piston of high-temperature rotor and piston head, and (2-1-6) (2-1-4) is followed successively by at the bottom of the piston head and piston of low temperature rotor.Band " R ", " g ", " G's " is followed successively by piston group, piston ditch, rotor ditch before the numbering.
Another group rotor among Fig. 2 and this group rotor are that their piston all is in that mirror image is corresponding in shape, and be just in time opposite on phase place.A bit be to be provided with the scale of measuring this internal-combustion engine residual life above the gear (2-2-1) on the low temperature rotor shaft in addition.
The power that the impeller of gas-turbine (a-11) is reclaimed among Fig. 2 is passed to larry transmission shaft (1-3) by the axle of itself and the transmission shaft (2-7) and the gear in band larry hole.The power that the low temperature rotor reclaims (2-5-c) passes to the gear (a-4) of gas compressor [4] by the free gear (2-5-b) on countershaft (2-6) fixed gear (2-6-a) main shaft.
Literary composition is seen below in explanation about Fig. 2-c and Fig. 2-d.
Above-mentioned only is the shape of having described rotor substantially, for some important curved surfaces, carries out theoretic description with mathematical analysis method again in the explanation of Fig. 3.
With reference to Fig. 3 in conjunction with Fig. 2: two rectangular coordinate system OXYZ and O ' X ' Y ' Z ' axis of abscissas OY overlap with OY, and upright coordinate axes OZ is parallel with O ' Z ', and the distance between two coordinate axes initial point OO ' is b.Respectively get the both sides of C, C ', the initial point O ' on O ' X ' axle in the both sides of initial point O on the OZ axle at 1 and respectively get A, A ' at 1, and make line segment OC=OC '=O ' A=O ' A, between C ', A, do a line segment at 2 then and find out its mid point G.Get E, F again at 2 in equidistant place, G point both sides, line segment EF is exactly the common bus of high-temperature rotor (2-1) and low temperature rotor (2-2) so, in like manner, and tries to achieve another corresponding bus lines E ' F ' therewith.
Bus E ' F ', EF are rotated around the OZ axle, formed curved surface is exactly the place face of outside of two groups of two important sides of low temperature stator chamber inside and the inside piston, again with two bus EF, E ' F ' around O ' X ' axle rotation, formed curved surface is exactly the place face of two groups outsides of two important sides of high temperature stator chamber inside and the inside piston.Above-mentioned is the place face of two important curved surfaces of one group of stator and rotor.Because of the projection of bus on ZOY and XOY coordinate plane all is symmetrical in coordinate axes OY, so the round platform curved surface that these four curved surfaces are two pairs of symmetries, the group of piston is exactly the part of these curved surfaces, and the solid between the every pair of round platform curved surface is exactly the rotor mold.
Allow two buses begin and keep relative position between bus, establish E around OZ axle rotation by position among the figure
iAnd F
i(i=0,1,2,3,4) is two end points positions at a time of bus EF, and so, the circular arc that draws at preceding half cycle E point is
, the circular arc that draws at second half F point is
, be connected in turn with the head and the tail of straight line these arcs, just become one by
,
The blockade line that these two pairs of circular arcs and straight line connect into is during the bus EF of the positive benefit of this blockade line rotation on the drawn round platform curved surface.In the same way, bus E ' F ' on the surface of revolution of OZ axle, also draw one by
,
The blockade line that these two pairs of circular arcs and straight line connect into.Allow these two round platform that blockade line cut surfaces be rotated in a clockwise direction around the OZ axle with angular velocity omega for cutter, meanwhile allow rotor mold on the OX axle with onesize angular velocity omega along clockwise direction around the rotation of OX coordinate axes, the solid of being cut out so is exactly the profile of high-temperature rotor main body.Circular arc
That cut out is piston ditch (g-1), circular arc
That cut out is rotor ditch (G-1), line segment
That cut out is (2-1-5) at the bottom of the piston, and that another blockade line cuts that the line segment EF of straight flange on the curved surface-just cuts out is piston head (2-1-3).Remaining that part of round platform curved surface is exactly piston group (B-1) (B '-1) on the rotor base.O ' X ' coordinate axes is exactly the shaft axis of main shaft of rotor shaft-just, and that part that surface of revolution surrounded of the place curved surface of rotor ditch and rotor ditch both sides is exactly a rotor wheel, and air supporting (D-1) is exactly one of them surface of revolution on the rotor wheel.
Be a special grinding tool and allow it serve as axle rotation in the direction of the clock with O ' X ' coordinate axes again with the main body of the high-temperature rotor that has formalized (2-1), allow the above-mentioned rotor base that has cut out the side serve as that axle is in the direction of the clock with onesize rotating speed rotation again with the OZ coordinate axes, in rotation, the place that is contacted with high-temperature rotor all to be ground off, till remaining a minimum gap between the two, this solid that grinds so is exactly the profile of low temperature rotor (2-2) main body.The place that the piston ditch (g-1) of high-temperature rotor and rotor ditch (G-1) were ground is the rotor ditch (G-2) and the piston ditch (g-2) of low temperature rotor; The place that (2-1-5) ground at the bottom of piston head of high-temperature rotor (2-1-3) and the piston is (2-2-4) and a piston head (2-2-6) at the bottom of the piston of low temperature rotor.To this is last, the profile of low temperature rotor (2-2) main body is described basically, from above describing as can be seen: be that piston and rotor ditch, both sides are colyliform solids that smooth surface of revolution and rotor shaft pass from the center around rotor wheel is one, piston is an arcuation hexahedron that is fixed on the rotor wheel circumference, and has only the curved surface at a curved surface and rotor ditch place to overlap.Two parts that group is the round platform curved surface of piston, the arc length of each group are the rotor of the 1/2(of girth for many pistons, with total arc length of lateral wall be girth 1/2); Outline is less than 1/2 girth during fabrication.With remove to cut piston by the plane of shaft axis, its cross section is that a fan annular and its big circular arc of radius of curvature close on rotor shaft; Use perpendicular to the plane of rotor shaft and remove to cut piston, its cross section also is a fan annular, but the centre of curvature of fan annular and the axis coinciding of rotor shaft.
Standard profile about this a pair of rotor subject of this group is described so far, for another group rotor in this unit, and only at mirror image each other in shape, respective opposite on the phase place of piston.
Curved surface about stator chamber all is a surface of revolution, no matter high temperature stator chamber or low temperature stator chamber, piston ditch of piston of its inside and piston group when rotated inswept face be exactly the standard curved surface of stator chamber.
With reference to Fig. 4 in conjunction with Fig. 2: by high temperature stator chamber (4-1) and low temperature stator chamber (4-2) crosses one another and vertical fixing is constituted stator chamber group together, it is the space at center with point " Ω " that their connecting part forms one, therefore locating is the traffic main artery of this group rotor, be that wall by stator chamber constitutes, for the purpose of problem analysis is convenient, claim it be " intersection " (4-1-2).Describe with one group stator below: the principal part of stator chamber all is the automobile tire shape.Rotor can inside rotate synchronously.High temperature stator chamber (4-1) is provided with air vent (4-1-3) that a suction port (4-1-1) that is connected with flame projector [3], one communicate by the suction port (4-2-2) of a solar term pipe and low temperature stator chamber (4-2), also has a relief opening (4-1-5).
Low temperature stator chamber (4-2) has a suction port (4-2-2) and an air vent (4-2-4) and a relief opening (4-2-5).No matter high temperature stator chamber or low temperature stator chamber, their suction port and arc length between the air vent separately all are slightly larger than 1/2 of girth, and relief opening is all near " intersection ".For another group stator chamber in this unit, organize mirror image each other with this.
Among the figure 4-a be under the XOY coordinate plane the stator schematic representation cut open figure.
4-b is the plan view of a group rotor main body among the figure.
4-c is the schematic representation that " intersection " located among the figure.
Can further find out mutual alignment between rotor and the stator chamber by above-mentioned three components.Complicated because of the structure of stator, have to express and describe out its significant points with schematic representation and some components.After rotor mechanism was installed in this total stator the inside, its mutual alignment just kept a very little gap between rotor and the stator chamber shown in the middle part among Figure 10.During work, epitrochanterian piston is the point of intersection by two stator chambers just in turn and exactly.For continue for the purpose of problem analysis is convenient with (4-1) and (4-2) the stator chamber group of these two stator chambers compositions be described: the infall of two stator chambers is mutually perpendicular traffic main arteries, because of the arc length of piston extremely near half cycle, so this traffic main artery-just intersection (4-1-2) is all captured by piston at any time, under the effect of the rotor set that this high-temperature rotor (2-1) and low temperature rotor (2-2) are formed, inside of this group stator chamber is separated into the space-chamber of promptly doing work of three variable volume and good seal.By the change of certain rule rate, and its variable cycle-cycle of just doing work just in time is 1.5 times of rotation period of rotor along with the rotation of rotor in the position of these acting chambers.In the course of the work, the Driving force of the gas that high-temperature rotor (2-1) has been accepted to break out, low temperature rotor (2-2) reclaims the dump energy in the waste gas, and the waste gas after the acting flows out from the mouth of two exhausting air more equably.For the working condition of another group, only be the phase difference that half cycle is arranged.
The surface energy of the outside of stator chamber and piston reaches very high temperature at work, but owing to neither need to lubricate between piston and stator chamber, direct friction does not take place again, so these high temperature positions on the stator chamber are optimum by preheating chamber (2-a-6) cooling.For the low temperature rotor: the cool air of inflow is with regard to the cooling problem of the bearing that is enough to solve piston hollow in its axle; For high-temperature rotor: go back the cooling of organic oil to the bearing outside except that the air-flow cooling, their acting in conjunction can at high temperature be worked high-temperature rotor for a long time.
Above-mentioned said stator is meant the non-motion parts of pneumatic motor, and the stator chamber main body refers to piston can form that part of of gap.
With reference to Fig. 5 and in conjunction with Fig. 4: a pneumatic motor of forming by 4 rotors and stator chamber, because of being difficult to express its working principle more all sidedly with a figure, so this paper adopts isoboles and illustrates that accordingly the working procedure to pneumatic motor is described: one group of stator chamber is represented with the annulus of two band mouths, epitrochanterian piston and axle are represented that with circular arc and point its isoboles is shown in (5-1) among the figure so.In order to give expression to the situation of piston at intersection, with the vertical bar on rotor and the stator chamber generate plane, its another isoboles is shown in (5-2) among the figure again.The situation that intersection (4-1-2) is located is for the center that stands in low temperature rotor (2-2).Two of level parallel lines are represented the low temperature rotor chamber among the figure, and two parallel lines of vertical therewith that are represented the high temperature stator chamber, and the parallelogram between the parallel lines is just represented piston.In these two kinds of isoboleses, the breach on straight line and the circular arc is represented gas port, and the arrow of the two tails of band refers to the gas flow direction among the figure, and the outer arrow of figure refers to the direction of piston motion.In addition, use (one) and (two) expression high-temperature rotor (2-1) and piston (2-2) again.Allow the rear and front end of piston be its top and bottom.Working procedure about pneumatic motor is summarized as follows:
The end of the top of piston (two) and piston (), is when intersection meets, because of the wearing and tearing of synchromesh gear make these two piston spaces that a wide slightly gap be arranged, because at this moment the volume of the acting chamber of intersection top is slightly to open evening in increase and its suction port, so high temperature and high pressure gas can not flow to the external world from the gap, as (5-1) among the figure with (5-2).
When the end of piston (), passed through before by suction port, suction port (4-1-1) just is opened, high temperature and high pressure gas in the outburst sprays into the acting chamber with very big speed, because the rear end of the acting chamber of this arcuation is piston (twos') a group, the side is the inwall of stator chamber, these faces all can not move along the direction of gas pressure, have only end passage along it under the promotion of gas pressure of piston () to travel forward, shown in (5-3), (5-4) among the figure.Cause high-temperature gas at this moment is in the outburst situation, so claim that this acting process is the outburst process.In operation process, because of forming by minimum and face that curvature is identical at interval in formed gap between piston and the stator, gap between rotor is made up of with the approaching curved surface of curvature minimum at interval, so there is very big inhibition in these gaps to high-temperature gas, under situation about running up, good sealing effect is arranged.
When the end of piston () turned over half cycle, the outburst process also just finished, and the two ends of the chamber of at this moment doing work are made up of the top and bottom of piston () itself, and until the end in this week, the volume of this acting chamber remains unchanged always since then.At this moment the air vent (4-1-3) of chamber of doing work is opened, and the gas after the acting can enter a new acting chamber through the suction port (4-2-2) of low temperature stator chamber along tracheae and promote piston (two) acting.The rear end of new acting chamber is exactly piston (one's) a group, the power that promotes piston (two) is exactly the expansive force of gas, because indoor mobile of the indoor acting to the low temperature stator chamber of the acting of gas from the high temperature stator chamber after the acting is fully by the abundant expansion of gas, and these two acting chambers are that mutual UNICOM and volume sum are to increase gradually, so, gas flow neither consumes the mechanical energy of high-temperature rotor, remaining energy can be discharged again again and do merit one time.So claim that this process is an inflation process.Shown in (5-5), (5-8) among the figure.
When high-temperature rotor (2-1) has changeed a week, carrying out the waste gas of the inside, acting chamber of outburst process has emitted much, remaining waste gas, discharge by relief opening (4-1-5) by withstanding in the motion of piston (), and gas just in time is one week half of rotor rotation by entering into the used time of discharge.So claim that last that half week is an exhaust process.
The on-stream end when it of piston (two), is during through the air vent (4-2-4) on the low temperature stator chamber, waste gas after the expansion just flows out thus, when passing through relief opening (4-2-5) again at the end of piston (two), waste gas is outflow stator chamber from here just, as (5-5) among the figure (5-4).When the top of piston (two) turned over air vent (4-2-4), venting finished, and the indoor remaining gas that does work is discharged by relief opening by piston, as (5-5) among the figure (5-6) shown in.
When describing process, some figure has successively used twice, here to illustrate a bit be after when once using the figure that had used, the gas of piston head front is the indoor gas of acting when just having begun to describe, and only is to utilize the residing position of piston with former figure once more.
The above-mentioned outburst of describing pneumatic motor, venting, exhaust and expansion, these six processes of taking a breath, calm the anger singlely, and finish in the acting chamber of first three process in high temperature divides stator, back three processes are finished in the acting chamber in low temperature divides stator.Owing to have three acting chambers in each stator chamber group,, all carrying out this six processes at any time so have six acting chambers in the whole stator that constitutes by these two branch stator pack.Continuously outburst has guaranteed even piston stress and has made rotor drive load with very big moment to run up; Continuously discharging waste gas has just reduced the loss and the exhaust noise of mechanical energy significantly; The abundant expansion of gas and the utilization ratio of heat energy is increased substantially the insulation effect of stator and exhaust emission pollution significantly reduces.Air cushion playing one's part to the full on this internal-combustion engine alleviated wearing and tearing, helped cooling and burning, makes rotor be convenient to run up.
With reference to Fig. 6: a flame projector of forming by metal shell (6-1) and inner casing (6-2) and oil nozzle, spark plug, suction tude, igniter etc., its appearance is a thermal insulation layer, it between inner casing and the shell heat exchanger (6-1-2), be herein the gas flow firing chamber must be through part, a pair of spit tube (6-3), (6-4) are in positive both sides.In the firing chamber of flame projector (6-5), be provided with a lighter (6-6), its center is the oily vapour shower nozzle (6-6-1) of a porous, this shower nozzle communicates with a circular-arc fuel thermalization device (6-6-3) of being made by metal tube, and the top of this thermalization device and fuel injector (6-6-5) join, and can become the steam of oil after the fuel of specializing in the usefulness of igniting penetrates from the aperture that needle-valve is arranged in the thermalization device.The interlayer of lighter (6-6) is hot gas shower nozzle (6-6-2), and it is communicated by the heat exchanger (6-1-2) that the material of high temperature high voltage resistant constitutes, and the bottom of the upper end of heat exchanger and spit tube and main suction tude (6-7) are joined.The air that enters thus can reach very high temperature in heat exchanger.Secondary oil nozzle (6-8) is in the left side (referring to watch in the face of bocca (6-4)) of bottom, firing chamber (6-5), and it passes the shell and the shunt (6-9) of flame projector.Shunt (6-9) is a concave face plate of taking back burner (6-11) porous, and it is in the below of firing chamber, and effect is the flame of safeguarding in the firing chamber.Main fuel spray nozzle (6-10) is in the top of the ignitron (6-12) of igniter (6-D), and the gasoline of ejection can directly enter the firing chamber.Igniter top one side has the suction tude of (6-c), and its top and main suction tude (6-7) are joined, and is provided with three barometric dampers (P) (Q) (M) in the connecting part of these tracheaes.Electric heating apparatus (6-D-1) is made up of the ceramic skeleton and the electric furnace heating wire of sleeve shape porous, can be to gas heating during startup.Spark plug (6-13) and thermorelay (6-14) are on the front of flame projector, the structure of these two parts is with commonly used the same substantially, what difference was bigger a bit is: the shell of thermorelay is to make with resistant to elevated temperatures material, and contact and the gap between the fixed contact on the inner bimetallic strip can externally be adjusted.
During startup, gas compressor and electric heating apparatus (6-D-1) provide the fresh air of heating.Igniting oil nozzle (6-D-2) injected petrol in the air of these preheatings, under the effect of spark lever (6-D-3), just these mixed gass are lighted, just be full of the high temperature and high pressure gas of flame-just in ignitron and the firing chamber immediately, because of oil nozzle is continuously an injected petrol, gas compressor continuously provides high-pressure air, so the ground fire just continues to exist-outburst continuously just in the firing chamber.After mixed gas was lighted, electric heating apparatus (6-D-1) just quit work, produce the ground high temperature and high pressure gas and just pour the acting chamber with speed greatly.Prolongation along with working application time, the temperature of flame projector inwall also constantly raises, when reaching uniform temperature, thermorelay (6-1) is just connected circuit, the switch of changing oil is connected with the oil circuit cut-out of main fuel spray nozzle (6-10) and igniting oil nozzle (6-D-2) and with the oil circuit of secondary oil nozzle (6-8), meanwhile also the oil circuit of fuel injector (6-6-5) is connected.This is to finish under the effect of the switch of changing oil.
After oil circuit and circuit change like this, after being heated, the liquid fuel of injecting thermalization device (6-6-3) from injector (6-6-5) becomes the steam of oil soon, it sprays into the firing chamber along the pipeline of thermalization device again with after the hot air that comes from interlayer (6-6) stream mixes after the oily vapour shower nozzle in the lighter (6-6) sprays, will light at once after running into the flame in the firing chamber, because these mixed gass are continuous generations,, lighter (6-6) keeps a vigorous flame all the time the blowtorch so resembling.Even the truce phenomenon occurs, under the effect of spark plug, also can rekindle soon.
Secondary oil nozzle (6-8) is when just commencement of fuel injection, main fuel spray nozzle also continues seldom a period of time under the effect of voltage stabilizer, the fuel that is sprayed burns after meeting fire at once, the air of sending here from main suction tude (6-7) by shunt (6-9) enter carry out behind the firing chamber combustion-supporting, make fuel that good combustion condition be arranged, the high-temperature gas that is produced pours the acting chamber with very high speed and pressure, makes rotor have powerful ability to drive load and runs up.Because of the fuel of secondary oil nozzle ejection is lighted by the former flame and the flame of lighter, very high temperature is arranged again in the firing chamber, so the requirement to fuel is very wide, need with the gasoline during except startup, all the other times are all right with liquid fuels such as diesel oil, gasoline, kerosene and alcohol, because flame projector high pressure oil pump and gas compressor at work continuously provides incendiary agent and oxygenant, the high temperature and high pressure gas that is produced continuously sprays from its bocca, so it exports very big power as rocket.The gas of its ejection promotes pneumatic motor with very big pressure and runs up.
Form gas cleaner [5] with reference to one of Fig. 7 by helical blower (7-1) and sealed type air-strainer (7-2), the impeller of blower (7-1-1) is to be fixed on the countershaft of pneumatic motor, one wire netting (7-1-3) is arranged before its shell, an adjustable air door (7-1-2) is arranged on the intake grill.Blade on the blower wheel is to be fixed on the disk, and the width of blade is to reduce along with the increase radially of disk, so that strengthen the compressed capability of air and reduce sound.Air-strainer (7-2) is made up of the filter (7-2-1) that a cylindrical shell and center have straight tube (7-2-3) and curved iron wire to make, there are output tube (7-2-2) and oil filling pipe in the upper end of shell, there is the oil pipe of rushing down the lower end, whole filter cleaner is directly not communicate with the external world, the inside is added with proper amount of machine oil, by the high speed flow energy of gas and the gas washing effect scavenging air of machine oil and filter, the air that blower is pressed into along straight tube obtains cleaning the back and (L-b) sends into the inside of inflator (1-4) and gas compressor [4] successively along the arm on the output tube (L-a) during work.Gas compressor [4] is the same substantially with reciprocating piston type inflator commonly used, and it is that its intake valve is opened by cam that some differences are only arranged.For easily manufactured, pair of cams (Q-1) (Q-2) all is located on the bent axle.Drive link (I-1) (I-2) is located at above the cam.Pressurized air is sent into flame projector from the relevant pneumatic tube on pneumatic tube (a-4-2) and the control panel, sends into secondary gas receiver (9-2) when inflation.
The structure of inflator (1-4) and gas compressor [4] are very approaching, only 2 not same be that power is little, two is that the air of two cylinders compression is independent output.By stomach tube output send into main gas receiver (9-1), by the output of second pipe send all air cushions on this internal-combustion engine and the piston of rotor, when stepping on the pedal of gas-filled switching tube, this strand air-flow is sent into igniter (6-D) by the relevant trachea and bronchus on the control panel little.
With reference to Fig. 8 in conjunction with Fig. 6: the central gear (8-1) of the switch of changing oil [3] of band handle (8-1-1) and positioning device (3-1-2), meshing the gear of ignition switch (8-2), gasoline shut-off (8-3) and his oil switch (8-4) on every side, also meshing with tooth bar (8-5) in the bottom.These three fuel line cocks all are the stem stem and the compositions such as column sleeve and gear of band oil guiding hole, oil inlet pipe at any time all with stem stem on oil guiding hole communicate, and the oil outlet on the column sleeve have only with stem stem on oil guiding hole when alignment fuel could pass through thus, the top of the oil inlet pipe of these three switches joins with corresponding high pressure oil pump respectively, the end of return tube communicates with fuel tank separately, and oil outlet tube joins with corresponding oil nozzle on the flame projector, for evenly reaching, fuel feeding prolongs the moderate oil supply time, in the connecting part of oil inlet pipe and switch nearby, all add a hollow cylindrical shape voltage stabilizer (a), be provided with a bigger voltage stabilizer (c) at the top of the oil outlet tube (8-3-b) of gasoline shut-off (8-3).These voltage stabilizers all are the open circles fore-set bodies that communicates with oil pipe, put into an amount of air in its inside during use, lean on the elasticity of air to make the oil outlet tube fuel feeding even.Output tube (8-2-b) by separately of ignition switch (8-2), gasoline shut-off (8-3) and his oil switch (8-4), (8-3-b) and (8-4-b) respectively with flame projector on injector (6-6-5), main fuel spray nozzle (6-10), secondary oil nozzle (6-8) and igniting oil nozzle (6-D-2) join.In addition, also all add an adjustable pressure regulator valve (e) in these three switches and return tube (8-2-d) separately, the connecting part that (8-3-d) reaches (8-4-d), make and keep certain air pressure in the voltage stabilizer, above-mentioned these three switches have constituted the main body of the switch of changing oil [8], and each switch is all unified control by gear and handle (8-1-1).When handle is dialled at " gasoline " gear, have only main fuel spray nozzle (6-10) and igniting oil nozzle (6-D-2) fuel feeding of gasoline shut-off (8-3) on flame projector, at this moment belong to and start and just begin.The stage of running: when handle being dialled to his oily gear, the return tube of gasoline shut-off (8-3) is connected, meanwhile its oil outlet tube also is cut off, but because there is a voltage stabilizer (c) at the top of its oil outlet tube, so main fuel spray nozzle (6-10) also can continue oil spout in the very short time after cutting off oil circuit.When cutting off the gasoline vent line, the fuel-displaced oil pipe (8-2-b) of ignition switch (8-2) and his oil switch (8-4) and (8-4-b) connect, other fuel can be delivered to the injector (6-6-5) and the secondary oil nozzle (6-8) of flame projector by these two switches under the effect of high pressure oil pump.At this moment it is the normal operation stage of internal-combustion engine; Handle is dialled when " stopping working " gear, and all fuel-displaced oil circuits all are cut off, all ons of all oil return circuits, and flame projector does not quit work because of there being oil.
Be provided with the iron prop (8-5-1) of two handstand and (8-5-2) below the tooth bar under the central gear (8-1), on the guide rail of this tooth bar (8-5), be provided with a bistable circuit switch of spring (8-5-3), the electromagnetic relay that switch electrically connects therewith also has thermorelay (6-14) on pull in winding (8-6), the flame projector, be made up of coil (8-5-4) and electrical contact (8-5-5), power supply, lead etc.This circuit reaches uniform temperature and the switch of changing oil and is in that " gasoline " gear-just gasoline shut-off (8-3) just is switched on when opening in flame projector, pull in winding (8-6) is just inhaled tooth bar and is moved high order end to, the gear that the switch change-over of changing oil all is switched on to the oil outlet tube of his oil switch (8-4) of " his oil " gear-just and ignition switch (8-2).
Left end at tooth bar (8-5) guide rail has a cylinder (8-7), there is the piston (8-7-1) of a band pressure spring (8-7-2) its inside, the stroke of this piston is bigger, and it can push tooth bar to low order end, makes the switch of changing oil forward " stopping working " gear immediately to.
Right-hand member at tooth bar (8-5) guide rail has a cylinder (8-8) of being with leakage hole, and there is a less leakage hole (8-8-2) on its right side, but this hole is just blocked by piston when piston is in right-hand member.Left end at cylinder (8-8) has a leakage hole (8-8-1) that arc length is bigger, but this hole only just can be in the right side of piston when the piston arrives high order end.The plane, place of the arc of this leakage hole is vertical with the shaft axis of cylinder.Under the very high situation of air pressure during work in cylinder, piston (8-8-3) just pushed to left end by gas and make gas by in this hole (8-8-1) to leaking outside; After most of gas flowed out, the pressure spring that links to each other with piston (8-8-4) pushed back right-hand member with piston again, and in pushing course, remaining gas flows out from the aperture (8-8-2) on right side.Piston is to left movement the time, and it just promotes tooth bar, make the switch of changing oil by " stopping working " transforming gear to " gasoline " gear, because the stroke of this piston is less, so can only make the switch of changing oil turn over a gear.
As shown in the above description: the both available hand of the gear of the switch of changing oil [8] comes conversion, also can be controlled automatically by Pneumatic actuator and Electric actuator.
With reference to Fig. 9 in conjunction with Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 and Fig. 8.Connection between the Pneumatic component of this internal-combustion engine and structure, its principle is shown in the figure.The residing situation ， Jun of each parts is the stage that runs well at internal-combustion engine among the figure.For narrate with problem analysis convenient for the purpose of, some symbols and numbering among the figure are illustrated: (9-a), the air valve that (a-c) all represents this figure internal fixation piston rod front end in cylinder in the outer upper left corner of figure, there is the expression poppet-valve of " T " shape symbol at the middle part, and the expression guiding valve of rectangular symbol is arranged.Roundlet in the figure symbol external (9-b) is represented bead, and top many broken lines are represented pressure spring, and these two parts constitute one-way valve, and this all expressions one-way cock to the part symbol is arranged among this figure.(9-b) piston and pressure spring, air are arranged is that a end from cylinder flows into and flows out in expression cylinder the inside.When the cylinder internal air pressure was higher, the elastic force that piston just overcomes spring was protruding with the push rod of itself, otherwise is just pushed back by spring.During use, to fix a poppet-valve or guiding valve on the push rod of piston.For the numbering of these valves, poppet-valve and one-way valve be number before add a letter " t "; Cylinder is to add a letter " Q " before numbering.
The gas circuit of internal-combustion engine is mainly by pneumatic motor [1], compositions such as gas compressor [4], gas-filled switching tube [6], jettron [7], inflator (1-4) and gas cleaner and some tracheaes, valve, the required power of gas compressor [4] is transmitted by countershaft (2-6), and its rotating speed is between the 1/2-1/3 of main shaft.It is to lean on the big volume of cylinder and the air that enters to be provided sufficient high-pressure air by these two characteristics of precompressed to flame projector; There are these two characteristics of very big thrust to stop the refluence of gases by the unidirectional vent ability of drain tap and piston during near the cylinder two ends.Gas compressor [4] box indicating of here only drawing, schematic representation is seen Fig. 7.The required power of inflator (1-4) is by the gear transmission of gas compressor [4], and rotating speed and gas compressor [4] equate, the box indicating of here only drawing, and its schematic representation is seen Fig. 7.
Main gas receiver (9-1) is less than secondary gas receiver (9-2).Inflation regulator (9-9) is provided with a tympanites that communicates with main gas receiver (9-9-1), its upper base can be along with the rising of air pressure to outer lug, two fixed drawing-rods (9-9-3) are arranged (9-9-4) in the both sides of this upper base, spring seat (9-9-2) and pressure spring (9-9-5).The valve (t-7) that is located in the tympanites can be opened automatically by pull bar (9-9-3) when air pressure reaches certain numerical value; Be located at the outer valve (t-8) of tympanites but opened by pull bar (9-9-4) during to certain value in that air pressure is low, because of the pipeline of these two valves connects together, so the valve (Q-5-1) that cylinder (Q-5) and this cylinder of this pipe downstream promoted has good control action.A valve (t-6) that communicates with inflator (1-4) and a valve that communicates with secondary gas receiver (t-11) in addition on tympanites and pipeline that main gas receiver links, these two valves are exclusively used in inflator and secondary gas receiver is inflated in main gas receiver.In the work, inflator (1-4) was directly inflated inwards when main gas receiver internal air pressure was low, when air pressure acquired a certain degree, inflation regulator (9-9) just made the valve (Q-5-1) open, and allowed the air that compressed (L-2) flow into the preheating chamber that communicates with flame projector along pipeline (L-7).Inflation regulator (9-9) also has effect well to secondary gas receiver; when the air pressure height of its inside arrives to a certain degree; can in main gas receiver, inflate by valve (t-11); the air pressure that waits its inside is when being raised to a certain degree; the safety valve (9-a-t) that communicates with main gas receiver is just opened automatically, and main gas receiver (9-1) and secondary gas receiver are protected.
The driving lever (9-6-1) of gas-filled switching tube (6) directly control valve (t-1) (t-2) and the valve (t-3) that connects together by an axle system (t-4).The required gas of gas-filled switching tube is that main gas receiver is carried by tracheae (L-6), delivers to the external world with the gas of crossing by valve (t-2).The executive component of gas-filled switching tube is that the cylinder (8-7) and public bistable state triple valve (9-3), the suction port that makes pneumatic motor (1) and the relief opening of jettron of changing oil on the switch can be at the cylinders (Q-3) of the external valve that communicates (Q-3-1).And the cylinder (Q-1) that also has flame projector (3) lower end that controlled by triple valve (9-3).Under the effect of above-mentioned pneumatic element, when promoting the driving lever (9-6-1) of gas-filled switching tube, just make the pipeline obstruction between gas compressor (4) and the flame projector (3) and to secondary gas receiver (9-2) in, inflate and allow the oil circuit of switch (8) cut-out flame projector of changing oil.Meanwhile, the suction port of pneumatic motor is communicated through flame projector and outlet pipe (9-5), allow pneumatic motor dally when being convenient to inflate like this.When unclamping driving lever, above-mentioned valve restores to the original state again, and internal-combustion engine is combined again.
Triple valve (9-3) is formed with the cylinder (9-3-3) of four valves and a spring housing and the strip guiding valve (9-3-1) of a band pressure spring (9-3-2) by one, guiding valve can only be in a certain end of cylinder under the effect of pressure spring, and remaining valve just can be opened wherein a pair of when having only guiding valve to be in end points, so in use can carry out the instruction that gas-filled switching tube and jettron are sent here sequentially.The driving lever (9-7-1) of jettron (7) is control valve (t-9) and (t-10) directly, and the cylinder (Q-1) of the valve (Q-1-1) under triple valve (9-3) and the flame projector communicates with above-mentioned valve, in addition, also and the cylinder (8-8) of the cylinder (Q-4) of valve (Q-4-1) and the switch of changing oil communicate, power when increasing superledge, by secondary gas receiver (9-2) to using the bigger tracheae of bore the pneumatic motor (1).Above-mentioned these valves relevant with jettron (7) are except cylinder (8-8), and remaining valve is just being connected the gas circuit between secondary gas receiver (9-2) and the pneumatic motor (1) under the effect of main gas receiver effluent air in driving lever (9-7-1) back that promotes jettron.The rotor banding dynamic load that makes the interior gas of secondary gas receiver directly promote pneumatic motor runs up.When unclamping this driving lever, with the gas of crossing itself pressure and the effect of the pressure spring of cylinder under the piston that just promotes to change oil in the cylinder (8-8) on the switch reach high order end and from the arcuation hole of cylinder left end, flow to the external world, when waiting these gases to have flowed, this piston is return original position again under the effect of pressure spring own, remaining a small amount of gas flows to the external world from the little leakage hole of right part in the return course of piston, piston switch of will having changed oil in this motion pushes " gasoline " gear.
This figure is the situation of internal-combustion engine when proper functioning, after further the air of compression is discharged from exhaust valve with very high air pressure by gas compressor, enter flame projector (3) along pipeline (L-9), (L-8), (L-2) and by (t-3) this valve and preheating chamber, spray into pneumatic motor and promote the rotor running by suction port again after these high-pressure airs and fuel mix and the outburst with very big pressure, gas after the acting can combine in pipeline (9-5) by bronchus again and flow to gas-turbine (11) after being flowed out by relief opening and air vent.By the structure of gas circuit as can be seen, the working method of internal-combustion engine is decided by gas circuit fully, by gas-filled switching tube (6) and jettron (7), makes it can possess the function of single inflator and pneumatic motor.
With reference to Figure 10 and Figure 10-a Fig. 2-c Fig. 2-d in conjunction with above accompanying drawing: by pneumatic motor (1), gear-box (2), flame projector (3), gas compressor (4), gas cleaner (5), be provided with the control panel (9) that gas-filled switching tube (6) and jettron (7) also have instrument and the switch of changing oil (8), clutch (10), gas-turbine (11) and be placed on the outside gas receiver, fuel tank, the multifunctional semi-rotor internal combustion engine that storage battery etc. are formed, the horizontal position of its critical piece and transmission device are as shown in the figure, for structure and the working principle of describing it definitely, each parts all uses suitable schematic representation or sectional view and outline drawing.Pneumatic motor (1) is in the middle part, its high-temperature rotor (2-1) (2-3) (2-4) is linked together by the gear (2-5-1) of main shaft (2-5) and the gear (2-6-2) of countershaft (2-6) with low temperature rotor (2-2), and they can strictly be rotated synchronously.The inflator (1-4) of gas compressor (4) and band high pressure oil pump (1-1) connects together and provides power by the gear on the countershaft, and these two parts are in the place ahead.Have the gas cleaner (5) of vane type blower (7-1) to be in the front portion: the power take-off of clutch (10) is in the rear.Above-mentioned these parts are except that clutch (10), the required power of remaining part mainly transmits the magnetogenerator (1-2) that is close together with generator by countershaft (2-6) and is driven by the small gear on the countershaft (2-6), and the high-tension electricity of generation is delivered to the flame projector (3) that is in the pneumatic motor middle part by lead.Be in be provided with gas-filled switching tube (6), jettron (7), the switch of changing oil (8) in the control panel (9) of left back, only be that their pedal and handle is exposed.In addition, all instrument, tutorial light, speed-regulating handle, air door regulating handle and electric switch etc. also are located on this control panel.
Contact is nearly all arranged between above-mentioned all parts, but in order to make drawing clean and tidy, tracheae oil pipe and circuit between each parts all do not draw, the trifle of locating to have drawn of (1-9) in the right back only, and these pipes and lead are to be connected with machine fuel tank, gas receiver, storage battery outward from here.Heat exchanger is the usefulness that allows machine oil and the cool air that enters gas cleaner carry out heat exchange, and it is rectangle, and is made up of many upright copper pipes, and its front is square.
The base of this internal-combustion engine is located at the below, and the space that stores machine oil is arranged above.Fuel tank, gas receiver and storage battery are located at outside the body.
Starter motor is located in the power take-off.
During with this internal-combustion engine assembling car and boat, suitable change can be done in the position of control panel, be the use condition that example is described it now with the motor of making dolly: the pedal of gas-filled switching tube be in dolly braking pedal the top and surplusly go out certain distance, foot throttle is all done suitable being connected with this internal-combustion engine with clutch pedal.During starting, the pedal car that depresses jettron just can be steadily and voiceless sound ground moves, cross and moments later unclamp this pedal, internal-combustion engine just automatically starts up, automatically use the low fuel of price again instead after a period of time internal-combustion engine, and in this whole starting process, the driver neither need to step on clutch do not need again gear shift position and starting very steadily.If do not leave gas in the secondary gas receiver, available starter motor or rocking handle start.When running into descending on the road surface in mountain area, little pedal car of stepping on gas-filled switching tube can slow down and stored energy, and at this moment internal-combustion engine stops working and becomes single inflator; Car is come and is unclamped this pedal behind the level road again and change the pedal of stepping on jettron and moments later unclamp again, and car is motion stretch journey and again with internal combustion engine start under the effect of depositing energy just.When stopping, need depress the pedal of gas-filled switching tube in advance, when reaching stop this pedal is stepped on earth, car just slows down earlier and stored energy, under the effect of braking device car is stopped at last, because contradiction is not strong on the contrary for inflation and car, so use safety and reliability.Car is in operation, because of the high-speed rotating component sound many and that send of internal-combustion engine is little, thereby make the motroist feel comfortable deeply.After internal-combustion engine uses a very long time, can extrapolate also remaining actual life according to size of exerting oneself and the angle that turns over, so that safe handling by the idle running situation of the epitrochanterian gear of low temperature (2-2-1) and the scale mark on the wheel.
Foregoing description by two the group rotors just pneumatic motor of a unit and the multifunctional semi-rotor internal combustion engine that a cover plunger formula gas compressor constitutes, also have a kind of multiple-unit and a kind of full rotor internal-combustion engine also to do simple description: to increase epitrochanterian piston number or increase rotor set and make the main shaft both sides all establish the low temperature rotor in conjunction with this figure, can make very powerful multiple-unit internal-combustion engine: delete column type gas compressor, inflator and jettron and gas-filled switching tube, oil supplying device is done suitably improvement, can make two kinds of full rotor formula internal-combustion engines.A kind of is to do pneumatic motor by high-temperature rotor and stator chamber, makees gas compressor and adds a high frequency one-way valve at output tube with low temperature rotor and stator chamber, and the structure after improving like this is simpler and be fit to run up; Another kind is with the rotor of a unit and stator chamber and adds the high frequency one-way valve and make gas compressor, does pneumatic motor with the rotor and the stator chamber of a unit.These two kinds of full rotor formula internal-combustion engines all adapt to and run up.Horsepower/kilogram number can increase significantly.
With reference to Figure 10-a: by a phase winding rectification circuit (D) of permanent magnet threephase alternator (E), filter element (C) (R), potentiometer (W-P) (W-Q), the efficiency of heat engine table (η) formed such as baroceptor (P), the responsive bar (L-Q) of fuel delivery and magnetoelectric gauge outfit (V-η) is shown in (10-a-5) among the figure.Baroceptor (P) is a string and extraneous not direct pie can of ventilation, and the top of its breathing pipe is stretched among the tracheae (L-8) that joins with pneumatic motor, the slide head mechanical connection of the end points of baroceptor and potentiometer (W-P).The responsive bar of fuel delivery (L-Q) passes through controlling rod (L-1) mechanical connection with the tooth bar (K) of high pressure oil pump.The structure of magnetoelectric gauge outfit (V-η) is the same with needle dc voltmeter, only is the dial scale difference.Potentiometer all is to be made of by many leads and a contact made from the copper sheet group (R-M) of multilayer mutually insulated the bigger carbon film of a slice resistance (R-c), and its jockey (R-L) can slide along contact under the drive of sensing element.As (10-a-6) among the figure at work, be added in gauge outfit (V-η) voltage at two ends and be directly proportional, be directly proportional, be directly proportional with the fuel delivery of high pressure oil pump with the air pressure of firing chamber with the rotating speed of internal-combustion engine.Dial scale institute target is exactly the number of efficiency of heat engine.This device deletes the parts relevant with fuel delivery and changes only is that scale is the gauge outfit (V-И) of power number, is wattmeter (И), as (10-a-4) among the figure.The device that has only a phase winding and current rectifying and wave filtering circuit and gauge outfit (V-ω) to form is tachometer (ω), as (10-a-3) among the figure.(10-a-1) (10-a-2) is exactly the schematic diagram of two kinds of permanent magnet threephase alternators.After this internal-combustion engine is mixed efficiency of heat engine table and wattmeter, can come damper and fuel delivery etc., further improve efficiency of heat engine according to this according to environment and load.
(1-3) among Fig. 1 is exclusively used in people when transmitting larry to be added in the active force that obtains with gas-turbine on the internal-combustion engine.These power drive main shaft by this and the preceding deceleration gear of clutch.
Fig. 2-c is the schematic representation of lubricant separator (2-c), lubricant separator is made up of the tubbiness shell (2-c-1) and a float (2-c-2) of a sealing, filler opening (c-3) and rush down hydraulic fluid port (c-4) and be in shell upper one side and center, upper end respectively, after the machine oil that is mixed with gas flows to the inside, naturally separate because of proportion is different, the air on top can return stator chamber along the upside of oil inlet pipe, the machine oil of bottom is just levitating float and opened by the axle of float and to rush down hydraulic fluid port to a certain degree the time nearly, and machine oil just flows into sump thus.The axle head of float lower end is exactly the valve of filler opening.Two lubricant separators of this internal-combustion engine.
Fig. 2-d is the profile of pneumatic motor and gas-turbine stator, and (2-d-2) (2-d-3) is the outside of two high temperature stator chambers, and (2-d-2) (2-d-4) is the outside of two low temperature stator chambers.(d-5) (d-6) (d-4) is the axis hole of main shaft (2-5), countershaft (2-6) and gas compressor (4) successively.(d-7) (d-3) being transmission shaft (2-7) axis hole (1-3) successively, (2-d-8) being the flame projector seat, (2-d-12) be conduit bundles, is side by side tracheae, oil pipe and lead.(b-11) be the shell of gas-turbine (11), (2-d-13) (2-d-14) is the fixed connection place of three bulk foundry goods of stator, and (2-d-13) outside is a thermal insulation layer.
Injector among Fig. 6 (6-6-5) is the oil nozzle of the adjustable burner oil of the oilhole of a needle-valve and the shell composition of being with oilhole, and internal structure is seen upper left corner enlarged view.Spark lever (6-D-3) is exactly a separable spark plug, the electrode that is connected with casing turns round the screw rod of handle by band and the needle-like electrodes of band adjustment nut is formed, its effect be run into big cold day and gas, electricity when all not enough can on the spark lever around on the cloth lighted carry out manpower and start, start at the ordinary circumstance manpower and also need not light a fire.
(Q-3) (Q-3-1) be to be in the cylinder of flame projector lower end and the poppet-valve on the piston, the valve that this poppet-valve and gas port constituted is on the tracheae (L-9-2) from secondary gas receiver (9-2) to flame projector (3), during startup, the pressurized air in the secondary gas receiver can enter pneumatic motor acting chamber through the spit tube of above-mentioned valve, tracheae and gas port (6-t) and flame projector.
(6-c) among Fig. 8 is the pedal of gas-filled switching tube (6), the driving lever (9-6-1) that it passes to it by the pressure spring on the drive link (6-c-1) with power reaches (9-6-2), this drive link is also passed to power the wheel (6-c-2) and the attached switch (8-q) that helps of oil circuit of a charged contact, effects of its a little device are: little when stepping on this pedal, and pressure rod 4 is separated with pneumatic motor (1) and in secondary gas receiver, inflate.Can make again to have very little flame in the igniter on the flame projector, so that then start; When gently stepping on this pedal, be single inflation; During this pedal of stomp, with right still inflation, but pedal can promote braking device inflation and brake are carried out side by side, this is more conducive to brake.
(6-f) be the pedal of jettron (7), the driving lever (9-7-1) of its drive link (6-f-1) and jettron is fixedlyed connected, and helps switch (8-P) and starts electricity and turn round (8-e) and also be connected with this pedal through drive wheel (6-f-2) and oil circuit is attached.The effect of said apparatus is: just make igniter produce very little flame when depressing the pedal of jettron, internal-combustion engine is capable of being combined and start when unclamping pedal.
The end of a thread among the figure (6-L-1) connects starting motor, (6-D-R) is the resistance wire of igniter, (E) is storage battery, (8-L-2) sending and receiving motor, and the generator of magnetogenerator special use and induction coil (B) are so that the high power low-frequency igniting.(L-8-7) (L-8-8) (8-8) be connected with the cylinder (8-7) of the switch of changing oil successively.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of multifunctional semi-rotor internal combustion engine, its feature comprises:
A) it is mainly by the pneumatic motor [1] of rotator type, the flame projector of rocket type [3], the gas compressor of reciprocating piston type [4], if the control panel of air circuit breaker and oil circuit switch and instrument [9], gas-turbine [11], gas receiver and high pressure oil pump and little inflator formations such as (1-4), the correlation of these critical pieces is: the output terminal of gas compressor by the series connection of the preheating chamber (2-a-6) in tracheae and the pneumatic motor stator case after again road tracheae told of the gas-filled switching tube on control panel be connected with the suction tude of flame projector, the high-pressure oil pipe of high pressure oil pump connects behind the switch of changing oil on the control panel again oil outlet tube by this switch and connects oil nozzle and lighter on the flame projector respectively, the mouth of the suction port of pneumatic motor and discharging waste gas connects the spit tube of flame projector and the suction port of gas-turbine again respectively, be again pneumatic motor countershaft by axle and gear respectively and gas compressor, other need the gear engagement of the parts of power on inflator and this machine, simultaneously also with the gear engagement of gas-turbine, the main shaft of pneumatic motor and the gear engagement of clutch, after mutually combining like this, flame projector changes into the pressurized air and the fuel of input high temperature and high pressure gas and sends into pneumatic motor by spit tube by lighting, the rotor of pneumatic motor just runs up under the promotion of this gas and provides power for this machine, running is carried out and smoothly by the main shaft outputting power, pneumatic motor is mainly by stator, rotor and make the synchronous operated axle of all rotors and the gear formation, all rotors that bear high temperature run through with the main shaft of a level and claim that these are high-temperature rotor, each axle that bears the rotor of low temperature is all vertically arranged and is meshed by umbrella gear above it and the umbrella gear on this low temperature rotor shaft by the countershaft of a level, this main shaft and countershaft are parallel to each other and are meshed by top synchromesh gear, it is orthogonal but not in one plane that rotor all is that each high-temperature rotor and low temperature rotor are formed one group and rotor shaft, the all single at the uniform velocity running synchronously of all rotors in the work, this just is separated into stator interior the confined space-chamber of just doing work of a plurality of variable volume, stator is provided with gas port, rotor is provided with piston and does valve by the group of piston, so just the strong point with piston and impeller rolls into one, could pass through after making gas have only the acting of the rotor of promotion, flame projector is an airtight container, its front and back is provided with igniter, main fuel spray nozzle, secondary oil nozzle, spark plug, thermorelay and suction tude, both sides and bottom are provided with spit tube and lighter, the firing chamber is in central inner, the lower end set up one with tracheae that secondary gas receiver is connected on valve, be with gasoline and plug ignition during startup, be again by main fuel spray nozzle spray gasoline after the igniter elder generation flame, equitemperature is put on the back and is just closed these oil nozzles automatically and make secondary oil nozzle and lighter work, use diesel oil, kerosene, gasoline and other liquid fuels all can, the effect of lighter is to resemble the hot flame that a branch of steady weighing apparatus is provided for the firing chamber the blowtorch, make the rapid and continuous burning of fuel that sprays into the firing chamber, the working principle and the blowtorch of this lighter are approaching, it comprises the thermalization device of shower nozzle and oil, the working principle and the electronic lighter of igniter are approaching, it comprises shell, ignitron, spark lever and electric heating apparatus
B) internal-combustion engine is set up switch and control system and the corresponding parts that change function, gas-filled switching tube [6] is in gas compressor, between flame projector and the secondary gas receiver on three prongs of gas circuit, it also is provided with valve and piston by tracheae control, respectively in flame projector lower end and change oil switch tooth bar one end nearby, jettron [7] is on the gas circuit that secondary gas receiver and flame projector lower end valve join, it also establishes valve and piston by tracheae control, respectively in flame projector lower end and change oil the switch tooth bar the other end nearby, these two switches comprise its driving lever, pedal and a plurality of valves of having an effect, set up a little inflator (1-4) in the gas circuit, main gas receiver and inflation regulator, effect is for the power of control usefulness is provided away from driving lever and the valve band cylinder piston, driving lever just makes gas compressor inflate and cut out oil circuit in secondary gas receiver depress the pedal of gas-filled switching tube when descending and the brake with the vehicle of this internal-combustion engine after, secondary gas receiver is just emitted the spit tube promotion pneumatic motor drive vehicle driving of pressurized air through flame projector after depressing jettron during vehicle start, unclamping this pedal internal-combustion engine after the starting starts working again automatically, the switch [8] of changing oil is in high pressure oil pump to the oil circuit between the flame projector, it is by three oil circuit switches of the control of the gear under the handle, and inflated and these two switches of exitting add the gear engagement of tooth bar with the switch of the common control of thermorelay on the flame projector again, make this switch can be three automatic conversion of gear, this switch of changing oil comprises the piston of push-and-pull tooth bar, electromagnet, and the gear rotor on the switch comprises rotor wheel
C) efficiency of heat engine table (η) is by the magnetoelectric gauge outfit, the generator (E) of the electrical quantity of rotating speed is provided, the pressure intensity parameter of acting gas and two potentiometers (W-P) that the fuel feeding parameter also all is transformed into electrical quantity (W-Q) and with the circuit that this parameter is handled are formed, the baroceptor that communicates with flame projector (P) and with the responsive bar of the fuel delivery of high pressure oil pump (L-Q) respectively with the jockey mechanical connection of these two potentiometers, the numeral of dial scale mark efficiency of heat engine, wattmeter (N) has only lacked the device that the fuel feeding parameter is provided than (η) table, these two tables and inflation and pneumatic these three switches of changing oil in addition all are located on the control panel [9], so that improve the utilization ratio and the kinetic energy that makes full use of vehicle of fuel.
2, as the internal-combustion engine of claim 1 regulation, it is characterized in that:
A) axle of each rotor all is fixed on it on the center of circle of rotor wheel on the pneumatic motor, and the piston of curved hexahedron shape is fixed on the edge of rotor wheel, and the cross section of this piston and longitudinal section all are the fan annulars.
Half of the girth that (fan annular be angled two the one section annulus that ray cut out that send from the center of circle) piston length is justified near this hydrogen place,
B) rotor is at the uniform velocity to turn round at work, and two epitrochanterian pistons of every group are middle parts of passing through beeline place between these two rotor shafts in turn.
3, as claim 1 or 2 internal-combustion engines of stipulating, it is characterized in that: have many to car-wheel cover tire shape and the stator chamber of square crossing place is arranged in the pneumatic motor stator, every group rotor all is in the stator chamber and with it and is separated into the confined space of a plurality of variable volume, and each space all is the acting chamber of gas.
4, as the internal-combustion engine of claim 1 regulation, it is characterized in that:
Flame projector is that an airtight container and its shell divide inside and outside two-layer, the firing chamber is surrounded by inner casing, the shower nozzle of lighter (6-6) just is in the lower end, firing chamber, its center is a porous nozzle that communicates with the thermalization device of oil, a hot gas shower nozzle that communicates with suction tude is being overlapped in the outside, and the thermalization device of oil is one section metal tube that is located in the firing chamber.
B) igniter (6-D) is a courage shape container that communicates with the firing chamber of flame projector, be provided with the pipe of air inlet and the ignitron that jets out flames above, the inside is provided with the spark lever of electric heating apparatus, discharge spark and the igniting oil nozzle of spray gasoline, and the flame of ejection directly enters the firing chamber.
5, the internal-combustion engine of stipulating as claim 1, it is characterized in that: the gear under the handle of the switch of changing oil [8] and the gear of oil circuit switch and one section tooth bar engagement, this tooth bar is provided with the iron prop of stirring circuit switch and the iron core that at one end is provided with electromagnet, be provided with the iron core of electromagnet at tooth bar slide rail and two ends, establish piston rod and tooth bar at tooth bar slide rail and two ends and the effect of power can take place and be subjected to gas-filled switching tube and the cylinder of jettron control, wherein be subjected to establish on the piston rod of gas-filled switching tube control the pull in winding of electromagnet.
6, as claim 1 or 5 internal-combustion engines of stipulating, it is characterized in that: the driving lever of gas-filled switching tube [6] by an axle be in a pair of valve (t-3) that leads on the gas circuit of flame projector and secondary gas receiver by gas compressor and (t-4) link, the driving lever bottom be in control change oil switch cylinder valve (t-1) and control flame projector lower end valve gas valve (t-2) between, just make corresponding valve conversion working state during driving lever deflection.
7, as claim 1 or 5 internal-combustion engines of stipulating, it is characterized in that: the driving lever of jettron [7] be in the valve (t-9) that communicates with main gas receiver (t-10) between, the steam outlet pipe of these two valves leads to the cylinder of valve on the tracheae of flame projector and the cylinder of the switch tooth bar the other end of changing oil communicates again successively and by secondary gas receiver, when the deflection driving lever, corresponding valve just changes working state.
8, the internal-combustion engine of stipulating as claim 1, it is characterized in that: the circuit of efficiency of heat engine table (η) and mechanical device have the output value that makes the voltage that rotary speed parameter and pressure intensity parameter transform and are directly proportional with the product of these two parameters, and the function of following the fuel feeding parameter to be inversely proportional to, wattmeter is only got preceding two parameters.
9, as the internal-combustion engine of claim 1 or 2 or 4 regulations, it is characterized in that: can burn with multiple liquid fuel and under situation about being hedged off from the outer world.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN88109112A CN1021469C (en) | 1988-10-10 | 1988-10-10 | Semi-rotor type multifunctional internal combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN88109112A CN1021469C (en) | 1988-10-10 | 1988-10-10 | Semi-rotor type multifunctional internal combustion engine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1041813A CN1041813A (en) | 1990-05-02 |
| CN1021469C true CN1021469C (en) | 1993-06-30 |
Family
ID=4835341
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN88109112A Expired - Fee Related CN1021469C (en) | 1988-10-10 | 1988-10-10 | Semi-rotor type multifunctional internal combustion engine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1021469C (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101988426A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-03-23 | 靳北彪 | Turbine composite gas compression system |
| CN115681982B (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-03-17 | 新乡市首创环境能源有限公司 | Automatic clear msw incineration device |
-
1988
- 1988-10-10 CN CN88109112A patent/CN1021469C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1041813A (en) | 1990-05-02 |
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