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CN102124077A - α-Sialon磷光体 - Google Patents

α-Sialon磷光体 Download PDF

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CN102124077A
CN102124077A CN2009801318451A CN200980131845A CN102124077A CN 102124077 A CN102124077 A CN 102124077A CN 2009801318451 A CN2009801318451 A CN 2009801318451A CN 200980131845 A CN200980131845 A CN 200980131845A CN 102124077 A CN102124077 A CN 102124077A
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比安卡·波尔
弗兰克·耶尔曼
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PATRA PATENT TREUHAND
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种新型的α-Sialon-磷光体，其特征在于，其含金属M2和Mn组合的掺杂剂。该M2特别是Eu和/或Yb。

Description

α-Sialon磷光体
技术领域
本发明涉及权利要求1前序部分的α-Sialon类的磷光体。这类磷光体特别适于在光源例如LED中应用。
背景技术
EP 1498466中公开了一种用Yb掺杂的α-Sialon。其中也提及其它的掺杂剂如Eu、Dy和Tb。这类磷光体适合主要在暖白光源中应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于α-Sialon的磷光体，其也可用于较高的色温。
该目的通过权利要求1的特征部分实现。
特别有利的方案列于从属权利要求中。
基于α-Sialon的新型磷光体的特征在于共掺杂，其除已知的掺杂剂外还使用Mn。由此可得到可通过蓝光或UV-光激发的高效光源。这种磷光体是温度稳定性的，并在黄色光谱范围呈宽带发射。主波长λdom通常为575～578nm。由此特别可制备色位稳定的冷白至日光白光源如基于转换LED的LED。
用Eu掺杂的α-Sialon通常归于温度稳定的磷光体。但可惜的是至今该发射波长不适合上述要求。特别是至今未能制备出满足上述要求的白色LED。
至今已知的α-Sialon具有通常的经验式M1xM2y(Si，Al)12(O，N)16。其中M1通常是选自Li、Mg、Ca、Y和除Ce和La外的镧系元素的一种或多种元素，M2是选自Ce、Pr、Eu、Tb、Yb和Er的一种或多种元素，其起激活剂作用，其中0.3≤x+y≤1.5以及0＜y＜0.7。但这类α-Sialon由于其光学特性仅适合少数应用领域。例如Yb-掺杂的Ca-α-Sialon(M2＝Yb)以较少的量子产率在绿色光谱范围以极短波长发射，而Eu-掺杂的方案(M2＝Eu)的发射过多偏移到橙红色的长波光谱范围。
有竞争力的磷光体体系如原硅酸盐在发射稳定性方面有很大的不足，如当其温度在许多应用中如所预计的高于100℃时会产生高温猝灭。此外，该发射呈非常窄的带宽，由此不适用于许多照明目的。该窄带发射体(Sr，Ba)Si2O2N2:Eu虽有非常好的温度稳定性，但在其它方面却类似于黄光的原硅酸盐的发射特性。
本发明提出一种基本通式为M1p/2Si12-p-qAlp+qOqN16-q:D的α-Sialon。其中M1如上所述是选自Li、Mg、Ca、Y和除Ce和La外的镧系元素的一种或多种元素。但该掺杂剂是如上述的已知激活剂M2组成的共掺杂剂。M2是选自Ce、Pr、Eu、Tb、Yb和Er的一种或多种元素。在该情况下，D是由已知激活剂的一种或两种所组成的共掺杂剂，但与Mn掺杂剂相组合。形式上其可表示为D＝(M2，Mn)。最后选用q＝0～2.5和p＝0.5～4。
在该情况下，M2优选是Eu或Yb或两者混合。在D中的Mn的原子比例总是小于M2的原子比例。D中的Mn的比例优选为M2的1～50％。
制备含Mn共掺杂剂的α-Sialon磷光体的方法在原理上按类似于文献中对已知的α-Sialon磷光体所描述的制备方法进行。
附图说明
下面参照多个实施例详述本发明。附图如下：
图1示出Ca-α-Sialon的波长偏移与掺杂剂的关系图；
图2示出蓝光LED和各种Sialon的色位图；
图3示出各种经掺杂的Sialon的量子效率QE；
图4示出用作白光光源(LED)的半导体器件；
图5示出具有本发明的磷光体的照明装置。
具体实施方式
按如下方法制备含Eu和Yb共掺杂剂的Ca-α-Sialon：
按化学计量称重原料CaCO3、Si3N4、AlN、Eu2O3和Yb2O3，并对其匀质化数小时。接着该所得混合物在管式炉中于还原气氛下经灼烧数小时(2～7小时)。温度选为1500～2000℃。然后可进行第二灼烧过程。该第二灼烧过程也是在还原气氛中于1200～2000℃下进行。
按如下方法制备含Eu、Yb、Mn三重掺杂剂的Ca-α-Sialon：
按化学计量称重原料CaCO3、Si3N4、AlN、Eu2O3、Yb2O3和Mn2O3，并对其匀质化数小时。接着该所得混合物在管式炉中于还原气氛下经灼烧数小时(2～7小时)。温度选为1500～2000℃。然后可进行第二灼烧过程。该第二灼烧过程也是在还原气氛中于1200～2000℃下进行。
按激活剂浓度和各个共掺杂剂的相对比例可使Sialon的波长根据所需应用以合适的方式偏移。色位的实例列于表1。
Figure BPA00001310899900031
图1示出纯Eu掺杂、纯Yb掺杂和Yb、Eu共掺杂的Ca-α-Sialon的波长偏移。
图2示出表1中磷光体的色位图。明显，可获得Sialon，其与蓝光LED一起伸展成直线，该直线大致准确地延伸通过白光点E。
表2示出在双重和三重共掺杂情况下各种磷光体的光学特性。激发在460nm处发生。其表明，应选择浓度为M1的0.05～0.3摩尔％的Mn进行共掺杂。
Figure BPA00001310899900041
无Eu的情况下，该量子效率Q.E.和相对亮度均较差。原因在于，无Eu时该新型磷光体的吸收较差。
图3示出所选磷光体的以百分数表示的量子效率Q.E.。掺杂剂也列于其中。由Eu、Yb和Mn组成的三重掺杂剂有最高的Q.E.。
由此总体表明，可通过适用的Eu、Mn共掺杂剂来适宜地调节对许多应用不合适的其它高效和稳定的α-Sialon的发射波长，特别是Ca-Sialon的发射波长。单一的Eu掺杂产生过长的波长，单一的Yb-掺杂又产生过短的波长。Eu和Yb共掺不是特别适用，因为仅产生弱光。但令人意外的是，0.05～0.3mol％的低含量Mn足以改进吸收和由此改进转换效率。已表明，少量Mn可实现短波长的附加偏移。由此可易于以所需的光色发射。该色温为至少4200K。依混合物情况色温也可达6500K和更高。
在白光LED和InGaN-LED组合中使用这类磷光体时，可应用类似于WO 97/50132中所述的结构。例如按上述实施例，将磷光体分散在环氧树脂中，并用该树脂混合物包封其最大发射为约450nm(蓝光)的LED。在此情况下，该蓝光的LED-辐射与黄光的磷光体-发射相混合产生通常是x＝0.359/y＝0.350的色位，其相应于色温相4500K的白光。
上述磷光体通常具有黄的表面色。其在黄色光谱区中发射。加入或单独使用Ga代替Al时，该发射更多偏移到绿光方向，这意味着特别是可实现更高的色温。
这类磷光体可应用于基于BY的转换-LED即蓝光LED和用作转换部分蓝光辐射的黄光转换磷光体。但这类磷光体也可应用于RGB-转换。这种情况下，如所已知的，该发射初级辐射的LED可在UV范围发光或可以是蓝光LED。这类新型磷光体还可很好地适用于BGOR型的更高级4-色转换LED中。
为在白光LED中与GaInN芯片组合使用，例如可用于在US 5998925中所述的类似结构。这类白光光源的结构清楚地示于图4中。该光源是InGaN型的半导体元件(芯片1)，其峰值发射波长为460nm，并且有第一和第二电接线2，3，该半导体元件嵌入在凹槽9的区域中的不透明基壳8中。接线3的一端经连接线14与芯片1相连。该凹槽具有用作该芯片1的蓝光初级辐射的反射体的壁17。该凹槽9中充填有浇注材料，该浇注材料包含作为主组分的环氧浇铸树脂(80～90重量％)和磷光体颜料(小于15重量％)。还包含较少比例的甲醚和高分散度硅胶。该磷光体颜料是α-Sialon颜料。
图5示出作为照明装置的面光源20的截面图。该光源由共用载体21构成，该共用载体上粘合有矩形体外壳22。外壳上面有共用盖板23。该矩形体外壳具有多个凹槽，凹槽中安置有各个半导体元件24。该半导体元件是峰值发射为360nm的UV发射的发光二极管。转变成白光由转换层实现，该转换层如图4所示直接位于各个LED的浇注树脂中或是安装在UV辐射可达的所有面上的层25。包括该外壳内壁、盖板和底部件的内置上表面。该转换层25包括三种磷光体，这些磷光体利用本发明的呈黄光发射的磷光体而在黄光、绿光和蓝光光谱区中发射。

Claims (19)

1.一种α-Sialon型的磷光体，其特征在于，
a)基本通式为M1p/2Si12-p-qAlp+qOqN16-q:D；
b)其中M1是选自Li、Mg、Ca、Y以及除Ce和La外的镧系元素中的一种或多种元素；
c)D是由M2和Mn组成的共掺杂剂，其中M2是选自Ce、Pr、Eu、Tb、Yb和Er的一种或多种元素；
d)其中q为0～2.5和p为0.5～4。
2.权利要求1的磷光体，其特征在于，M1选自Ca、Mg或其混合物。
3.权利要求1的磷光体，其特征在于，M2选自单独的Eu、Yb、或Eu和Yb的混合物。
4.权利要求1的磷光体，其特征在于，Mn的比例为M2的1～50％。
5.权利要求1的磷光体，其特征在于，Mn的比例为M1的0.05～0.3摩尔％。
6.一种具有至少一种光源特别是LED的照明装置，所述光源发射300～485nm的初级辐射，暴露于来自所述光源的初级辐射的磷光体将该辐射部分地或全部转换成更长波长的辐射，其特征在于，所述转换至少利用发射570～580nm的峰值发射波长的黄光并且源自上述权利要求之一的α-Sialon类型的磷光体来进行。
7.权利要求6的照明装置，其特征在于，所述Al由Ga部分地(至多为20摩尔％)取代。
8.权利要求6的照明装置，其特征在于，选用q≤1和/或p＝2～3。
9.权利要求6的照明装置，其特征在于，磷光体粉末的平均粒径为0.5～5μm。
10.权利要求6的照明装置，其特征在于，为了产生白光，发射的初级辐射的波长范围为330～370nm，其中所述发射的初级辐射经受具有蓝光(430～470nm)和黄橙光(特别是545～590nm)最大发射的至少两种磷光体来进行转换。
11.权利要求6的照明装置，其特征在于，所述初级辐射还经受具有绿光(490～525nm)或红光(625～700nm)发射的至少另一种磷光体来进行转换。
12.权利要求6的照明装置，其特征在于，所述另一种磷光体是氯硅酸盐或基于Y的石榴石或基于Tb的石榴石。
13.权利要求6的照明装置，其特征在于，为了产生白光，所述发射的初级辐射位于430～470nm的蓝色波长范围，其中所述发射的蓝光初级辐射经受根据前述权利要求之一的具有黄光(570～580nm)和绿光(490～525nm)最大发射的两种磷光体来进行转换。
14.权利要求6的照明装置，其特征在于，为了产生彩色光，所述发射的初级辐射位于430～485nm的蓝色波长范围，其中所述发射的蓝光初级辐射经受根据前述权利要求之一的具有黄光(570～580nm)最大发射的单一磷光体来进行转换。
15.权利要求14的照明装置，其特征在于，所述黄光磷光体在混合物中的比例约为0.5～15％。
16.权利要求6的照明装置，其特征在于，使用在短波范围发射的发光二极管特别是基于Ga(In)N的发光二极管作为初级辐射源。
17.权利要求6的照明装置，其特征在于，所述照明装置是发光转换LED，其中所述磷光体直接或间接与芯片接触。
18.权利要求6的照明装置，其特征在于，所述照明装置是LED的阵列。
19.权利要求18的照明装置，其特征在于，所述磷光体的至少之一设置在装配于所述LED阵列之前的光学装置上。
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