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CN101815851A - 用于将还原剂引入到内燃发动机的排气系统的排气管中的组件和方法 - Google Patents

用于将还原剂引入到内燃发动机的排气系统的排气管中的组件和方法 Download PDF

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CN101815851A
CN101815851A CN200880100299A CN200880100299A CN101815851A CN 101815851 A CN101815851 A CN 101815851A CN 200880100299 A CN200880100299 A CN 200880100299A CN 200880100299 A CN200880100299 A CN 200880100299A CN 101815851 A CN101815851 A CN 101815851A
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supply connection
reducing agent
gas flow
exhaust pipe
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CN101815851B (zh
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克劳斯·鲁施
罗尔夫·凯泽尔
埃里希·福斯特
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Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies Germany GmbH
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Emcon Technologies Germany Augsburg GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F01N3/206Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/08Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F01N3/206Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/20Reductants
    • B01D2251/206Ammonium compounds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/20Reductants
    • B01D2251/206Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2062Ammonia
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/12Methods and means for introducing reactants
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F01N2260/02Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for cooling the device
    • F01N2260/022Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for cooling the device using air
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00Structure or shape of exhaust gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/08Adding substances to exhaust gases with prior mixing of the substances with a gas, e.g. air
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于将还原剂引入到尤其是机动车辆的内燃发动机的排气系统的排气管(12)中的组件(10),包括:开口至排气管(12)中且具有壁(16)的供给连接件(14);开口至供给连接件(14)中的用于还原剂的供给设备(20);和用于产生气流(G)的设备(22),所述气流(G)是还原剂流(R)的附加气流,并且覆盖所述供给连接件(14)的壁(16)的里层。本发明还涉及一种将用于还原剂引入到尤其是机动车辆的内燃发动机的排气系统的排气管(12)中的方法。

Description

用于将还原剂引入到内燃发动机的排气系统的排气管中的组件和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于将还原剂引入到尤其是机动车辆的内燃发动机的排气系统的排气管中的组件。本发明还涉及一种将还原剂引入到尤其是机动车辆的内燃发动机的排气系统的排气管中的方法。
背景技术
为了符合与环境法相关的规定,诸如由内燃发动机驱动的机动车辆的废气需要接受净化。特别地,对于氮氧化物的还原,所谓的SCR催化转化器(也称为脱氮催化器)越来越多地被使用,其借助于以中间产物形式存储在SCR催化转化器中的氨(NH3)来选择性地还原燃烧期间在发动机中产生的氮氧化物(NOx),从而形成水和氮。通过通常以溶解形式添加到废气中的尿素的水解来提供选择性催化还原所需的氨。
根据现有技术的系统利用喷射阀,例如低压燃料喷射阀,将尿素水溶液引入到SCR催化转化器上游的排气管中。这种阀在阀门末端的区域中产生尿素细雾,该尿素细雾可能会沉积在排气管的壁上。这在内燃发动机低负荷、低温工作时尤其成问题,其中沉积物不会再次汽化并且可能会由此而完全堵塞排气管。
发明内容
本发明提供了用于将还原剂引入到内燃发动机的排气系统的排气管中的组件和方法,其可以避免或者至少大大地减少尿素沉积。
根据本发明,这是由开头所述类型的组件来实现的,该组件具有:开口至排气管中且包括壁的供给连接件;开口至供给连接件中的用于还原剂的供给设备;和用于产生气流的设备,所述气流是还原剂流的附加气流,并且覆盖所述供给连接件的壁的里层。该附加气流(其也不同于排气管中的主废气流)至少很大程度地不含还原剂并且防止在喷射还原剂时产生的任何气雾沉积在供给连接件和排气管的壁上。
附加气流可以是新鲜空气,尤其是压缩空气。为此,优选为利用车辆中可用的压缩空气管以对该设备进行供应。
可替代地或者附加地,附加空气流可以是优选地在涡轮增压器上游从主废气流分出的废气,因此,在废气中可获得期望的增压压力。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,设备包括用于气流的进口,该进口与例如新鲜空气导管或与排气管流体连通。
进口可以设置在供给连接件的壁中。
进口还可以形成在供给连接件的、通至排气管中的孔口的区域中。优选地,开口因此位于孔口的、相对于废气流处在上游的一侧,也就是说,来自排气管的一部分废气流经过进口而流入供给连接件的孔口的区域中。根据本发明的改进方案,设备包括设置在供给连接件中的引导构件以控制附加气流的期望方向。
优选地,引导构件从供给设备至少部分地沿着供给连接件的壁延伸。在供给设备或者用于供给设备的安装件的区域中,引导构件更尤其是直接顶靠着壁。这防止了任何还原剂到达引导构件和壁之间的区域。
引导构件可以装衬在供给连接件的壁上,在壁和引导构件之间的至少一些部分中形成空隙。优选地,壁和引导构件均为圆锥形,所述壁具有更大的朝向孔口的开口角度。由此,朝向供给连接件的孔口产生逐渐变得更大的空隙;附加气流通过该空隙而被导引。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,引导构件至少部分地伸入排气管中。这里,引导构件制成为特别长,并且还用作由气流加热的、且造成任何沉积物汽化的壁。作为可替代方案,引导构件也可以构造成非常短并且专门用于引导气流。
有利的是,在孔口的、相对于废气流处在上游的一侧,引导构件的部分延伸至排气管中。如上文已经描述,如此形成进口,使得将一部分废气流导引至供给连接件中以形成附加气流。可替代地或者附加地,引导构件的部分当然也可以在孔口的、相对于废气流处在下游的一侧延伸至排气管中。
引导构件可以包括连续环绕的周壁。同样可以设想,相对于供给连接件的周边,引导构件仅装衬在供给连接件的局部区域上,比如,特别容易沉积的区域。
此外,引导构件可以包括一个或多个位于其周壁中的开口,气流通过所述开口而被引导至供给连接件的、相对于引导构件处在内部的区域中。这里,也可以设想使用多孔材料。引导构件当然也可以设计为没有任何开口,也就是封闭的,尤其是当其被制成为相当短时。
优选地,设备构造成使得气流在供给连接件中形成为涡旋流动,这在一定程度上会加强供给连接件中的混合。供给连接件中的气流的这种涡旋可以通过适当构造和设置的引导构件和/或倾斜的进口而获得。
更特别地,供给连接件以相对于排气管成20°至70°的角度被设置,这使得所供应的还原剂能够以非常有利的方式进行分配。
为了使所供应的还原剂与废气流更好地混合,用于使废气流产生涡旋的混合元件被有利地设置在供给连接件下游的排气管中。
排气管可以在供给连接件的区域中成约为20°至70°的弯曲。优选地,排气管的弯曲大致对应于排气管和供给连接件之间的角度。还可以将供给连接件以沿直线延伸的方式设置在排气管的一部分上。
如开头已经描述,更具体地,还原剂是尿素水溶液或者是释放氨的其他物质的溶液。然而,当燃料用作还原剂时,也能够有利地应用本发明。
因供给设备为喷射阀-尤其是低压燃料喷射阀,所以获得成本非常低的构型。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供了将还原剂引入到尤其是机动车辆的内燃发动机的排气系统的排气管中的方法。根据本发明的方法包括以下步骤:
产生气流,该气流是还原剂流的附加气流,并且至少很大程度地不含还原剂且覆盖开口至排气管中的供给连接件的壁的里层;
借助于设置在供给连接件上的供给设备来喷射还原剂。
如针对本发明的组件已经讨论的,通过根据本发明的方法同样有效地防止现有技术中所发生的还原剂沉积。
附图说明
通过以下参照附图而对若干优选实施方式的描述,本发明的其它特征和优点将显而易见,其中:
图1示出根据本发明的第一实施方式的、用于实施根据本发明的方法的组件的示意性剖视图;
图2示出根据本发明的第二实施方式的组件的剖视图;
图3示出根据本发明的第三实施方式的组件的剖视图;
图4示出根据本发明的第四实施方式的组件的剖视图;
图5示出根据现有技术的组件的剖视图,图中示出了本发明所要解决的问题;
图6示出根据本发明的第五实施方式的组件的剖视图;
图7示出根据图6中的VII-VII线剖开的供给连接件的剖视图;以及
图8示出根据第五实施方式的组件的放大侧视图,其中供给连接件被局部剖开。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出根据本发明的用于将还原剂引入到内燃发动机的排气系统的排气管12中的组件10。特别地,涉及机动车辆的排气系统。排气管12中的废气流标为S。组件10包括呈基本圆锥构型且开口于排气管12的供给连接件14,优选地,开口的角度α在20°至70°之间,这里约为55°。供给连接件14的(内)壁以参考标号16标示。
安装件18设在供给连接件14的与排气管12相对的端部处,而设置在安装件18中的是用于还原剂的供给设备20,该供给设备20开口于供给连接件14中并且是喷射阀,在本示例中为低压燃料喷射阀。还原剂优选为尿素水溶液,其被引入到图1中未示出的SCR催化转化器上游的排气管12中。与示出的构型不同的是,不是绝对需要为供给设备20提供安装件;例如,所述供给设备20也可以焊接于供给连接件。为了在引入尿素溶液时避免尿素沉积物D,如发生在根据现有技术的供给设备20中并且在图5中示意性地示出的一样,根据本发明的组件10(图1)包括用于产生作为还原剂流R的附加气流的气流G的设备22,所述气流G覆盖供给连接件14的壁16的里层。
设备22包括至少一个,在本示例中为多个,设置在壁16中的进24,该进口用于气流G,该气流G涉及新鲜空气-更具体地是压缩空气,或者涉及从图中未示出的涡轮增压器上游处或从供给连接件14的紧上游处分出的废气。设备22还包括设置在供给连接件14中的引导构件26。
为了将氮氧化物还原所需的氨供给至连接在组件10下游的SCR催化转化器,根据本发明,在供给连接件14的区域中产生作为还原剂流R的附加气流的气流G,附加气流G至少很大程度地不含还原剂并且环状地覆盖供给连接件的壁16的里层。为此,气流G通过开24进入供给连接件14并且经由引导构件26而偏转,使得气流G沿着供给连接件14的壁16流动并且几乎完全使壁16免于接触还原剂流R。同时,还原剂借助于供给设备20被喷入供给连接件14中并且因此而被喷入排气管12中,其中引导构件26如此引导气流G,使得还原剂流R宛如被包围一样,并且由此而防止在供给设备20末端处形成的尿素细雾N能够沉积在壁16或者排气管12的壁上。
图2至4示出根据本发明的组件10的其它实施方式,其与图1相比做了更改。以下相同的或者功能相同的部件将用相同的参考标号标示,并且仅仅讨论与已述的组件10的差别。
在根据图2的实施方式中,仅提供一个进口24,该进口24也设置在供给连接件14的壁16中并且与车辆的压缩空气管或者与涡轮增压器上游或还原剂喷射的上游的排气管流体连通。气流G流过进口24并且到达形成在壁16和引导构件26之间的空隙28。在示出的实施方式中,引导构件26从用于供给设备20(未示出)的安装件18沿着供给连接件14的壁16延伸并且装衬在壁16上。正如供给连接件14一样,引导构件26具有圆锥形形状,但是,与供给连接件14接近于安装件18的区域相比,引导构件26具有更小的朝向通至排气管12中的孔口的开口角度。在示出的实施方式中,引导构件26在供给连接件14的整个长度上延伸,而在甚至部分地进入到排气管12中的-这里为到达设置在供给连接件14下游的静态混合元件30的-更低的下游区域,引导构件26充当有利于任何沉积物汽化的受热壁(除引导气流G之外)。
在供给连接件14的区域,排气管12弯曲,其角度β同样在20°至70°之间,这里为55°。由于排气管的弯曲以及供给连接件14相对于排气管12的倾斜设置,还原剂流R大致垂直地流向混合元件30。供给连接件14当然也可以以沿直线延伸的方式设置在排气管12的一部分上(未示出)。
图3示出根据本发明的组件10的又一种实施方式,其中引导构件26(如在图1示出的实施方式中)为相对比较短的构型并且(至少在更低的下游区域中)仅部分地沿着供给连接件14的壁16延伸。在通至排气管12中的供给连接件14的孔口的、相对于废气流S处在上游的一侧,引导构件26的弯曲部分32延伸至排气管12中并且因此而限定进口24,该进口24将一部分废气流S导引至供给连接件14中或者导引至引导构件26和壁16之间的空隙28中。这里,进口24因此形成在通至排气管12中的供给连接件14的孔口的区域中。不需要单独的用于气流G的进口24,因此,获得非常简单的设计。如同已示出的其它实施方式,引导构件26具有封闭的周壁34。
如在图4中示出,引导构件26还可以具有多个位于其周壁34中的开口36,以将气流G引导至供给连接件14的、相对于引导构件26处在内部的区域中。还可以设想,使用多孔材料来制造引导构件26。
根据图6至8示出的实施方式,设备如此构造,使得气流G在供给连接件14中成涡旋流动,这在一定程度上会加强还原剂R混合在已早先处在供给连接件14中的气流G中。供给连接件14中的气流G的这种涡旋可以通过适当构造和设置的引导构件26和/或倾斜的进口而获得。在示出的实施方式中,通至空隙28中的进口24为偏心定位(见图7),使得在空隙28中先形成涡旋,所述涡旋然后经由引导构件26的起点和连接件14的起点之间的环形开口38而以此方式侵入到还原剂R中。如图8所示,螺旋状弯曲的、短的偏转部件27附连于引导构件26,该偏转部件27位于引导构件26和供给连接件14之间,以环绕圆锥形引导构件26而将气体导向环形开口38。偏转部件27被视为是引导构件26的一部分。所述气体一方面与还原剂R混合,而另一方面同样以涡旋的形式贴靠着管状引导构件26的内侧。在本实施方式中,引导构件26与供给连接件14在一些位点处连接(未示出)。
根据本发明的组件提供了一种制造简单且因此而成本低的方案,以便当还原剂被引入到排气系统的排气管中时避免任何不期望的还原剂沉积。
此外,本领域的技术人员可以根据判断以个别的和相互组合的形式应用上述的所有特征以实现本发明的目的。

Claims (24)

1.一种组件,用于将还原剂引入到尤其是机动车辆的内燃发动机的排气系统的排气管(12)中,所述组件包括:
供给连接件(14),其开口至所述排气管(12)中且包括壁(16);
用于还原剂的供给设备(20),其开口至所述供给连接件(14)中;以及
用于产生气流(G)的设备(22),所述气流(G)是还原剂流(R)的附加气流,并且覆盖所述供给连接件(14)的壁(16)的里层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组件,其特征在于,所述附加气流(G)为新鲜空气,尤其是压缩空气。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的组件,其特征在于,所述附加气流(G)为废气。
4.根据前述权利要求的任一项所述的组件,其特征在于,所述设备(22)包括用于所述气流(G)的进口(24)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的组件,其特征在于,所述进口(24)设置在所述供给连接件(14)的壁(16)中。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的组件,其特征在于,所述进口(24)形成在所述供给连接件(14)的、通至所述排气管(12)中的孔口的区域中。
7.根据前述权利要求的任一项所述的组件,其特征在于,所述设备
(22)构造成使得所述气流(G)在所述供给连接件(14)中形成为涡旋流动。
8.根据前述权利要求的任一项所述的组件,其特征在于,所述设备(22)包括设置在所述供给连接件(14)中的引导构件(26)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的组件,其特征在于,所述引导构件(26)从所述供给设备(20)至少部分地沿着所述供给连接件(14)的壁(16)延伸。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的组件,其特征在于,所述引导构件(26)装衬在所述供给连接件(14)的壁(16)上,在所述壁(16)和所述引导构件(26)之间的至少一些部分中形成空隙(28)。
11.根据权利要求8至10中任一项所述的组件,其特征在于,所述引导构件(26)至少部分地伸入所述排气管(12)中。
12.根据权利要求11所述的组件,其特征在于,在所述孔口的、相对于废气流(S)处在上游的一侧,所述引导构件(26)的部分(32)延伸至所述排气管(12)中。
13.根据权利要求8至12中任一项所述的组件,其特征在于,所述引导构件(26)包括连续环绕的周壁(34)。
14.根据权利要求8至13中任一项所述的组件,其特征在于,所述引导构件(26)包括一个或多个位于其周壁(34)中的开口(36)。
15.根据权利要求8至14中任一项以及根据权利要求7所述的组件,其特征在于,所述引导构件(26)被设置成偏转所述气流(G)以在所述供给连接件(14)中形成涡旋流动。
16.根据前述权利要求的任一项所述的组件,其特征在于,所述供给连接件(14)以相对于所述排气管(12)成20°至70°的角度(α)设置。
17.根据前述权利要求的任一项所述的组件,其特征在于,在所述供给连接件(14)的下游,静态混合元件(30)被设置在所述排气管(12)中。
18.根据前述权利要求的任一项所述的组件,其特征在于,所述排气管(12)在所述供给连接件(14)的区域中成约为20°至70°的弯曲度。
19.根据前述权利要求的任一项所述的组件,其特征在于,所述还原剂为尿素水溶液。
20.根据前述权利要求的任一项所述的组件,其特征在于,所述供给设备(20)为喷射阀,尤其是低压燃料喷射阀。
21.根据前述权利要求的任一项所述的组件,其特征在于,产生作为所述还原剂流(R)的附加气流的气流(G),所述气流(G)至少很大程度地不含还原剂并且覆盖开口至所述排气管(12)中的供给连接件(14)的壁(16)的里层,并且,借助于设置在所述供给连接件(14)上的供给设备(20)来喷射所述还原剂。
22.根据权利要求21所述的组件,其特征在于,所述气流(G)以涡旋的形式被提供在所述供给连接件(14)中。
23.一种将还原剂引入到尤其是机动车辆的内燃发动机的排气系统的排气管(12)中的方法,其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤:
24.产生气流(G),所述气流(G)是还原剂流(R)的附加气流,并且至少很大程度地不含还原剂且覆盖开口至所述排气管(12)中的供给连接件(14)的壁(16)的里层;以及
借助于设置在所述供给连接件(14)上的供给设备(20)来喷射所述还原剂。
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CN101815851B (zh) 2013-09-18
DE112008001962A5 (de) 2010-06-24
US9664081B2 (en) 2017-05-30
DE202008001547U1 (de) 2008-04-10
US20160222854A1 (en) 2016-08-04
US20160222864A1 (en) 2016-08-04
WO2009012859A1 (de) 2009-01-29
US9657624B2 (en) 2017-05-23
US20160312677A1 (en) 2016-10-27

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