CN1013763B - 从气流中除去二氧化硫的方法 - Google Patents
从气流中除去二氧化硫的方法Info
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
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Abstract
一种在填充塔中吸收气体中SO2的方法,该方法采用2.0~41升/分·平方米塔截面,或最好采用4.1~12.2升/·平方米的低亚硫酸盐水溶液流量。由于与常规方法相比,更低的塔设备、更低的压强降、减少的硫酸盐的氧化和省掉泵循环,使得它的投资费和操作费较低,还公开了改进的液体分布。
Description
本发明涉及在液-气接触装置及其工艺方面的改进,在该工艺过程中用液体吸收二氧化硫或与其反应。一个特殊的应用是Wellman-Lord工艺过程中的吸收器。它用亚硫酸盐水溶液从废气,特别是从火力发电厂的烟道气中除去二氧化硫。不过,它还适用于来自冶炼厂,硫酸工厂的废气流或任何含二氧化硫的气流。
Wellman-Lord工艺过程是采用含水液体-气体接触装置的工艺方法中的一个例子,即使用碱性亚硫酸盐水溶液(通常为亚硫酸钠),从烟气中除去二氧化硫,该溶液在吸收塔中通过形成亚硫酸盐与二氧化硫化学结合。这种方法包括一个独立的再生装置,以便使亚硫酸氢盐转化为亚硫酸盐并回收二氧化硫气体,然后,将二氧化硫气体压缩装瓶,或将其转化成硫酸或元素硫。在处理燃煤工厂的烟道气的情况下,还包括一个用来除去飞灰和氯化物的独立装置。
由于在可再生的Wellman-Lord方法中,为了克服吸收器中的压强降需要大量投资费用和需要高的能耗,过去广泛地选择非再生的烟道气脱硫方法,尽管这些方法产生的固体废物的处理是个主要问题。
本发明为吸收装置及其操作的改进,具体地说,本发明的方法涉及Wellman-Lord方法的吸收器,因而降低了投资费和需要的能耗,这样使这种可再产生法更经济,并且还避免了非再生方法中的固体废物处理问题。
图1为吸收塔10的示意图,它标出了液体分布器11、可选择的填料挡板12,填料支座13、传统气体分布器和如果有必要的话,
液体吸集14的位置,并标出了它的液体和气体的进出口。
图2为具有供给槽20、间隔组件21和流体导板22的优选液体分布器的局部的部件分解图。在流体导板22上装有滴液指状物或棒23,其端部在接进填料(24)(如图所示)处。
图3为图2所示的优选分布器部件侧视图。
图4与图2相似结构的部件分解侧视图,但在该结构中,间隔组件21被隔片25所代替。
图5为部分间隔组件21放大的横截面示意图。
通过利用在板低的液体流量下的液体分布和高效率的不规则填料,本发明可以在相当矮的低压降的单个填料塔中实现吸收步骤,并且在再生前,吸收剂溶液不需要循环。
液体进入塔顶的流量为2.0~41升/分·平方米或更好是8.2~12.2升/分·平方米。只使用新鲜的吸收剂溶液,而不进行循环使用。当使用这种低液体流量时,应选择这样的塔填料,以使塔的操作与低的液体流量相适应。一种运用的填料类型是这样一种类型。其中的操作主要是液滴的结合和分离,而不是通过在润湿填料的大量表面喷洒溶体来实现的。这种类型的一种适用填料为Hsia的4,511,519号美国专利中所示的高孔隙填料。将此专利的公开内容结合在此供参考。这种填料具有大量的滴液点,相当低的表面积,但非成行的相互作用的边缘有相当长的总长度。
由于本发明的低液体流量,只是Wellman~Lord方法使用的板式塔或具有捕集板的大多数填充塔中,常规操作的液体滞留时间的一半到十分之一,使亚硫酸盐到硫酸盐的氧化问题降低50%到90%。这一点是十分重要的,因为硫酸盐会降低液体的吸收效率,因此必须在再生过程中除去,它还会增加工艺过程的投资和操作费用。另外,这种硫酸盐为固体废料,必须以对环境安全的方式处理这
些废料。
为了将液体分布到填料上,以便利用低流量的优点,可以采用一种滴液式分布器,该分布器提供至少30个,最好至少60~90个均匀布置在每平方米上的供液点。适用于这种目的的最初打算用于非极性液体的适宜液体分布器示于4,264,538号美国专利中。虽然,在该专利中公开的这种类型的分布器是设计用于有机液体的,如后面所述,通过使用亲水涂层,它可以用于本发明。可以采用其它类型的液体分布器,例如在较大直径的塔中,适当地为低液体流量设计的喷雾型分布器可能是十分合适的,因为它的成本较低。还可以使用适合于传送所要求的低液体流量的任何其它类型的分布器。如果分布器的效率较低,必须增加填料床的长度。因此,也许可以采用效率较低的分布方法,但承受的后果是成本较高和深度床层固有的较高压降。
当使用金属(不锈钢)槽型的或滴液型分布器时,分布器的表面、传递液体供槽的外侧应涂以亲水微孔涂层。这样当液体在重力作用下流过这些表面时,该涂层使液体在表面上形成一层液体膜。经涂敷的滴液指状物也应全部延伸到接近或与填料(或填料挡板,如果使用的话)的表面接触。这一距离不应明显大于进入的液滴的直径,以便避免对流流动气体夹带液体。这种方案产生最大的效率,并可以避免在吸收器出口处使用除雾器。
在下面实施例中,采用在4,511,519号美国专利的附图7~10中所示的填料,该填料直径为8.9厘米,轴向高度为3.2厘米。填充高度为2.3米。采用3,937,769号美国专利中叙述的液体分布器,该分布器每平方米上具有97个滴液指状物。将这种分布器的工作表面用如4,467,070号美国专利中所述的,Hydromer,Inc,Whitehous,N.J.出售的树脂胶乳抗阻剂亲水涂层涂敷。这种分布器还包括一个图2、3和5中
21所示的波浪式多孔板。波浪交替地面向相反的方向。在2mm的钢板上,图5中的波浪50在这种情况下有4.8mm的开缝,以帮助分布液体。这种塔直径为76.2厘米。液体混合物组成如下:
重量百分比
Na2SO317.4
Na2S2O52.9
Na2SO46.0
H2O 73.7
实验结果示于表1中。
表2示出了每次实验的压强降和计算传质系数。当气体流量的大小使得塔处于负载区操作时,得到最高的传质系数。也就是说,气体流量足够高,使得塔内的液体存液量增加。因为填充空间被液体占据而导致压力降和气液接触的增加。
表Ⅰ
实验 液体流量 气体流量 SO2气体 份数/百分
编号 升/分/米2Kg/hr/m2进入量 (ppm)
流出量
1 5.91 8852 717.2 160
2 5.78 16470 711.7 220
3 6.40 17210 944.5 510
4 12.7 17730 1402.1 400
5 6.40 9589 1065.7 600
6 13.20 16996 676.0 80
表Ⅱ
实验 压强降水柱高 传质系数Ka G
编号 Cm/m 克-摩尔/小时-m3-ATM
1 0.820 214
2 3.26 353
3 3.60 248
4 3.60 450
5 0.949 109
6 3.67 630
与Wellman-Lord工厂中使用现行设计情况相比较,采用单个填充床大大地降低了吸收器的投资费用。这种单个填充床还大大地降低了操作费用,主要表现在送入吸收器的气体所需的鼓风机功率,还取消了当前所需的液体循环泵。为了实现节能,填充床最好使用高效率填料,该填料可以在最小长度的床内达到所需的传质接触效率,并具有足够低的压强降,以使尽可能地节约能量。
通过使用小于本发明的最佳安排,能获得节约部分投资费和能量的效益。也就是说,不是用单个填充床代替原来的吸收过程中所有的泵送循环工段,而是有可能将一些泵送循环工段结合成二个或三个工段。这些工段仍然可以采用液体循环,达到高液体流量操作,但仍使
压强降减小一些。能量的节约是由于取消了一些捕集板。取消这些捕集板还节约了大量投资费;由于捕集板用不锈钢制成的,因此是非常贵的。
一种进一步部分简化结构是可能的。这种结构使用两个床。上面一段可以是填充段,经再生的吸收溶液以低液体流量一次通过床层,由于这种再生的溶液中的SO2蒸气压低,有可能使排出气体中SO2含量最低。床层的下面一段为液体循环的,这样流量较高利于液体的分布,就会避免在干燥区域引起的潜在的盐沉淀问题。
由此,这种无泵送循环的、采用低液体流量的单个填充床可以用于吸收直接来自SO2源的气体流中的SO2,或作为最终阶段吸收来自需要烧煤的发电厂中包括除飞灰和除氯化物的任何中间污染控制装置的SO2。
在正常操作中,以亚硫酸盐的浓度和液体以及气体的进料流量为基础,向塔中加入一般超过10~20%化学计量的吸收剂亚硫酸盐溶液。但是,在某些情况下,为了有效地再生也许更希望使吸收剂液体充分反应,而不是除去气体中全部SO2。在这种情况下,吸收剂液体进料量可以稍微小于以化学计量为基础的量。
Claims (9)
1、一种从气流中除去SO2的方法,该方法包括将上述气流通入填充塔的底部,同时将亚硫酸盐水溶液加入塔的顶部,其特征在于所说的亚硫酸盐水溶液是通过适合传送液体流量的液体分布器(滴液式分布器和喷雾式分布器)加到塔顶部,其通入量为2.0~41升/分·平方米,将脱除SO2后的气体从塔顶排出,将亚硫酸氢盐水溶液从塔的底部排出。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中亚硫酸盐含量超过加入气体中二氧化硫含量的化学计量10-20%。
3、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中的含水亚硫酸盐为碱性亚硫酸盐。
4、如上述任一权利要求中所述的方法,其中的亚硫酸盐水溶液经喷雾式分布器分布。
5、如权利要求1~3中的任一个中所述的方法,其中的亚硫酸盐溶液用槽式分布器分布。
6、如权利要求5中所述的方法,其中的分布器具有一个亲水表面,液体从该表面流到填料。
7、如权利要求6中所述的方法,其中的液体经具有上述亲水表面的滴液指状物分布。
8、如权利要求1~3中的任一权项所述的方法,其中的溶体流量为8.2~12.2升/分·平方米。
9、如权利要求7所述的方法,其中的滴液指状物上面有有机亲水涂层的不锈钢构成。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US83584286A | 1986-03-03 | 1986-03-03 | |
| US835342 | 1986-03-03 | ||
| US835842 | 1986-03-03 | ||
| US06/899,706 US4708856A (en) | 1986-03-03 | 1986-08-22 | Liquid-gas absorption process |
| US899706 | 1997-07-24 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN87100724A CN87100724A (zh) | 1987-10-14 |
| CN1013763B true CN1013763B (zh) | 1991-09-04 |
Family
ID=27125825
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN87100724A Expired CN1013763B (zh) | 1986-03-03 | 1987-02-26 | 从气流中除去二氧化硫的方法 |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4708856A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0235713B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPH0616812B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR950006515B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1013763B (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU591756B2 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR8700924A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA1274376A (zh) |
| CZ (1) | CZ283158B6 (zh) |
| DE (2) | DE235713T1 (zh) |
| FI (1) | FI85655C (zh) |
| HU (1) | HU208509B (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO167496C (zh) |
| NZ (1) | NZ219329A (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL162815B1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4740334A (en) * | 1987-05-29 | 1988-04-26 | Norton Company | Tower packing element with embossed surfaces |
| FI98496C (fi) * | 1995-08-22 | 1997-07-10 | Hadwaco Ltd Oy | Haihduttimen nesteenjakaja |
| GB2355212A (en) * | 1999-10-12 | 2001-04-18 | Eta Process Plant Ltd | Fluid contact apparatus |
| US6722639B2 (en) | 2001-04-10 | 2004-04-20 | Koch-Glitsch, Lp | Liquid distributor in mass transfer column and method of installation and use |
| US8364342B2 (en) * | 2001-07-31 | 2013-01-29 | Immersion Corporation | Control wheel with haptic feedback |
| US20100095845A1 (en) * | 2003-03-04 | 2010-04-22 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | VENT GAS ABSORPTION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR RECOVERY VOCs |
| KR100635283B1 (ko) * | 2003-03-04 | 2006-10-17 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 배출가스 흡착 시스템 및 휘발성유기화합물 회수 방법 |
| US9463397B2 (en) * | 2008-04-04 | 2016-10-11 | Gtc Technology Us Llc | System and method for liquid distribution |
| CN101444699B (zh) * | 2008-12-16 | 2011-04-13 | 刘存宝 | 用亚硫酸钠脱除烟气中二氧化硫的工艺方法及设备 |
| CA2842795C (en) * | 2011-07-28 | 2016-01-19 | Ihi Corporation | Gas separation apparatus and packing |
| CN103708427A (zh) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-04-09 | 中国平煤神马集团开封兴化精细化工有限公司 | 一种糖精生产过程中二氧化硫尾气的回收方法 |
| US9504957B2 (en) * | 2014-01-06 | 2016-11-29 | University Of Kentucky Research Foundation | Flue gas desulfurization apparatus |
| CN109107323B (zh) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-10-22 | 鲁西化工集团股份有限公司 | 一种高效的组合式气液分离装置及工艺 |
Family Cites Families (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3485581A (en) * | 1966-11-15 | 1969-12-23 | Wellman Lord Inc | Process for recovering sulfur dioxide from gases containing same |
| US3627464A (en) * | 1967-11-09 | 1971-12-14 | Wellman Lord Inc | Process for recovering so2 from waste gases |
| US3505788A (en) * | 1968-05-23 | 1970-04-14 | Wellman Lord Inc | Gas scrubber apparatus and process |
| US3607037A (en) * | 1968-12-20 | 1971-09-21 | Wellman Lord Inc | Separation of sulfur dioxide from gases |
| US3607038A (en) * | 1968-12-24 | 1971-09-21 | Wellman Lord Inc | Process for recovering sulfur dioxide |
| US3607039A (en) * | 1968-12-24 | 1971-09-21 | Wellman Lord Inc | Process for recovering sulfur dioxide from an sulfur dioxide-containing gas |
| US3615198A (en) * | 1969-05-15 | 1971-10-26 | Wellman Lord Inc | Process employing potassium sulfite for recovering sulfur dioxide from gases containing same |
| US3653812A (en) * | 1969-07-18 | 1972-04-04 | Wellman Lord Inc | Process for removal of sulfur dioxide from gas streams |
| US3687623A (en) * | 1970-09-11 | 1972-08-29 | Wellman Lord Inc | Process for recovering sulfur dioxide from a gas containing same |
| US3687624A (en) * | 1970-09-11 | 1972-08-29 | Wellman Lord Inc | Process for recovering sulfur dioxide from a gas containing same |
| US3687625A (en) * | 1970-09-14 | 1972-08-29 | Wellman Lord Inc | Recovery of sulfur dioxide from waste gas |
| US3725531A (en) * | 1971-02-22 | 1973-04-03 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Catalytic conversion of organic sulfur components of industrial off-gases |
| US3733777A (en) * | 1971-06-10 | 1973-05-22 | R Huntington | Flue gas recovery method and apparatus |
| CA988679A (en) * | 1972-02-02 | 1976-05-11 | Consolidation Coal Company | Treatment of gases containing sulfur dioxide |
| US3937769A (en) * | 1973-12-27 | 1976-02-10 | Norton Company | Liquid distributor |
| US3971844A (en) * | 1974-02-19 | 1976-07-27 | Davy Powergas Inc. | Method for removing sodium sulfate from aqueous solutions |
| GB1528454A (en) * | 1974-12-13 | 1978-10-11 | Davy Powergas Ltd | Sulphur dioxide removal or recovery |
| ZA766140B (en) * | 1975-11-10 | 1978-05-30 | Davy Powergas Inc | Process for removing sulfur dioxide from a gas stream |
| GB1557295A (en) * | 1977-07-19 | 1979-12-05 | Davy Powergas Ltd | Removal of sulphur dioxide from gas |
| US4264538A (en) * | 1980-05-14 | 1981-04-28 | Norton Company | Liquid distributor |
| US4467073A (en) * | 1982-10-20 | 1984-08-21 | Hydromer, Inc. | Transparent anti-fog coating compositions |
| US4511519A (en) * | 1984-04-30 | 1985-04-16 | Norton Company | Tower packing elements |
-
1986
- 1986-08-22 US US06/899,706 patent/US4708856A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1987
- 1987-02-11 CA CA000529462A patent/CA1274376A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-02-18 NZ NZ219329A patent/NZ219329A/xx unknown
- 1987-02-19 AU AU69037/87A patent/AU591756B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-02-23 EP EP87102504A patent/EP0235713B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-02-23 DE DE198787102504T patent/DE235713T1/de active Pending
- 1987-02-23 DE DE87102504T patent/DE3787740T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-02-25 FI FI870815A patent/FI85655C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-02-25 NO NO870777A patent/NO167496C/no unknown
- 1987-02-26 CN CN87100724A patent/CN1013763B/zh not_active Expired
- 1987-02-26 BR BR8700924A patent/BR8700924A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-02-26 CZ CS871287A patent/CZ283158B6/cs unknown
- 1987-02-26 HU HU87751A patent/HU208509B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-02-26 PL PL26436587A patent/PL162815B1/pl unknown
- 1987-02-26 KR KR1019870001658A patent/KR950006515B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-03-02 JP JP62045382A patent/JPH0616812B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL162815B1 (en) | 1994-01-31 |
| CA1274376A (en) | 1990-09-25 |
| KR950006515B1 (ko) | 1995-06-16 |
| HUT46592A (en) | 1988-11-28 |
| DE3787740T2 (de) | 1994-03-10 |
| AU6903787A (en) | 1987-09-10 |
| AU591756B2 (en) | 1989-12-14 |
| CZ283158B6 (cs) | 1998-01-14 |
| NO167496C (no) | 1991-11-13 |
| FI85655C (fi) | 1992-05-25 |
| EP0235713B1 (en) | 1993-10-13 |
| NO167496B (no) | 1991-08-05 |
| CZ128787A3 (en) | 1997-10-15 |
| JPS62234526A (ja) | 1987-10-14 |
| NO870777L (no) | 1987-09-04 |
| FI870815A0 (fi) | 1987-02-25 |
| PL264365A1 (en) | 1988-03-17 |
| US4708856A (en) | 1987-11-24 |
| JPH0616812B2 (ja) | 1994-03-09 |
| BR8700924A (pt) | 1987-12-22 |
| DE235713T1 (de) | 1988-04-28 |
| CN87100724A (zh) | 1987-10-14 |
| EP0235713A2 (en) | 1987-09-09 |
| KR880002566A (ko) | 1988-05-09 |
| HU208509B (en) | 1993-11-29 |
| FI870815L (fi) | 1987-09-04 |
| NZ219329A (en) | 1989-09-27 |
| EP0235713A3 (en) | 1990-05-23 |
| NO870777D0 (no) | 1987-02-25 |
| DE3787740D1 (de) | 1993-11-18 |
| FI85655B (fi) | 1992-02-14 |
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