CN100432879C - 运行至运行控制与故障检测的集成 - Google Patents
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Abstract
结合使用运行至运行控制器和故障检测系统制造执行系统加工半导体晶片。由运行至运行控制器从制造执行系统接收菜单用于控制工具。该菜单包括用于获得一个或多个目标晶片特性的设定点。通过使用故障检测系统和一个或多个传感器测量加工属性来监视晶片的加工,其中加工属性包括故障状况和晶片特性。可以根据加工属性在运行至运行控制器修改菜单的设定点以保持目标晶片特性,除了由故障检测系统检测到故障状况的情况下之外。这样,在存在工具或晶片故障状况时获得的数据不能用于反馈目的。此外,可使用故障检测模型确定表示故障状况的条件范围。在这些情况下,可以修改故障检测模型,以便作为参数并入被运行至运行控制器修改的菜单的设定点。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求在2002年5月1日的美国申请10/135405和在2001年7月16日的美国申请60/305140的优先权,这些申请以参考的方式并入这里。
发明领域
本发明一般涉及半导体制造。特别是,本发明涉及一种通过集成运行至运行控制(run-to-run control)与故障检测概念(fault detectionconcepts)而制造半导体的技术。
发明背景
在通常的半导体制造工艺(processes)中,半导体晶片或简单的晶片,预先通过多个处理站,这被称为加工站(fab)。在这个组装线状处理中的每个位置上,加工(processing)设备或工具进行加工操作,以便修正晶片。例如,一个工具可以向晶片上添加各种层(例如淀积工具),同时另一个工具可以修正这些层(例如刻蚀工具),由此形成完整的半导体产品。
当它们在组装线(assembly line)上移动通过时,在晶片上进行周期质量检测。质量检测通常包括在晶片上测量微线(microscopic lines)的宽度和膜厚,以确定偏差(aberrations)。利用很多质量检测,只可以在晶片经过产生偏差的那些加工之后再经过处理后进行测量。此外,引入偏差和它们的检测之间需要一定时间周期和大量工艺步骤。这样,即使在已经产生偏差之后,也可以在晶片上进行大量工艺。类似地,即使在已经开始产生偏差,工具也可以连续加工晶片。在任何情况下,大量晶片必定会被弄碎。
常规技术已被用于解决其中部分问题。两个例子包括运行至运行控制和故障检测。
一般来说,运行至运行控制通过利用建模技术(modeling techniques)送出(outgoing)和引入(incoming)晶片以调整工艺参数而解决了工艺结果(process output)偏移(即偏移工艺目标)。这些偏移(drifts)涉及由于正常工具使用而产生的工具制造结果的方式上的轻微变化。例如,利用化学机械抛光(CMP)工艺,用于减小膜厚的抛光垫在一段时间后被磨损。结果是,被磨损的抛光垫比新抛光垫势必需要更多时间来产生预定厚度。通过调整工艺参数如抛光时间以解决如抛光垫上的磨损等问题,运行至运行控制可用于解决这些类型的问题。
运行至运行控制使用在一个或多个工艺步骤上提取的计量数据在运行至运行的基础上调整工艺菜单(recipes)(即,完成加工结果所需要的一组预定工艺参数)。一次运行可构成晶片制造工艺的一个或多个步骤。可以包括一批(batch)晶片组(lot)、单组晶片或者甚至单个晶片,这取决于具体需要与工艺步骤和加工站的能力。通常,运行至运行控制使用在每个工艺或工具上测量的数据,以便通过对每个工具菜单上的设定点(setpoints)做轻微改变或调整而保持晶片特性(例如膜厚,均匀性等)接近于它们的标称值。在典型的情况下,将在特定工具上进行的工艺步骤期间或刚刚完成工艺步骤之后提取的数据反馈以调整用于下一次运行的菜单。同样,数据可以发送给下一工具,以便调整下游菜单。通过这种方式,可使用运行至运行控制解决工艺结果的偏移问题。
当使用运行至运行控制解决工艺偏移问题时,对于在工具不再能制造可接受的产品的情况是不合适的,不管菜单设定点所做的调整。同样,运行至运行控制不能解决晶片包含缺陷的情形。这些情形被称为工具或晶片特性故障。已经经受错误或故障状况的工具使得向晶片中引入偏差或缺陷。同样地,晶片特性缺陷表示不可修复的晶片状况。大量方法可用于检测这些状况。例如,相对于进行给定工艺操作所需的温度的很大的温度下降可以表示为故障。故障状况的另一例子可能是工艺材料的流速尖峰(spike)。在这些例子中,是运行至运行控制器(run-to-run controllers)把这些故障作为偏移,以便通过调整工具菜单来修正这种情形,即使仅仅调整不能解决该问题。这样,代替将工具返回到可接受的操作条件,工具继续在后来的晶片中引入偏差或继续加工有缺陷的晶片,由此导致额外的浪费。
与运行至运行控制相对照,故障检测监视工艺设备参数和晶片属性(attributes),以便检测工具和晶片缺陷或故障状况。故障检测系统在工艺设备操作期间收集工艺数据并分析该数据以确定不正常或故障。如果检测到故障,故障检测系统可以具有各种反应方法。例如,该系统可以通知设备操作者或甚至终止工艺设备的执行。
故障检测适于应付工具或晶片特性有故障的情况,但是对解决工艺偏移不起任何作用。这样,直到工具或工艺失败,故障检测系统保持沉默并允许工具偏移最佳操作条件。
这样,显然需要一种用于工艺晶片的显著有效的技术。更具体地说,需要一种能解决工艺偏移和故障状况的系统。
发明内容
本发明通过集成运行至运行控制和故障检测技术而解决了上述问题。具体而言,可以使用运行至运行控制器和故障检测系统和制造执行系统相结合以处理工艺半导体晶片和其它对象。首先,根据本发明的一个以上的实施例,运行至运行控制器从制造执行系统接收一个菜单以控制一个工具。这个菜单包括用于获得一个或多个目标晶片特性的设定点。这样,通过使用故障检测系统和/或传感器测量包括故障状况的加工属性,监视晶片加工。这些加工属性从故障检测系统传送到运行至运行控制器。结果是,可以根据加工属性由运行至运行控制器修改菜单的设定点,以便保持目标晶片特性,除了被故障检测系统检测到故障状况的情况之外。
在另一(或平行的)实施例中,也可以根据菜单加工晶片。这个菜单包括用于获得一个或多个目标晶片特性的至少一个设定点。该技术还包括测量晶片特性和检测表示故障状况(例如晶片或设备故障)的状况。如果没检测到故障状况,则根据被测晶片特性修改菜单的设定点,以便保持目标晶片特性。在某些实施例中,如果检测到故障状况,则终止工艺。
在其它(或平行)实施例中,可以在进行加工之前测量晶片特性。在又一(或平行)实施例中,修改菜单的两个或两个以上的设定点,这些设定点可包括温度、压力、功率、加工时间、和升高位置和材料的流速。
在另一(或平行)实施例中,可以使用故障检测模型确定表示故障状况的条件范围。在这些实施例中,可以修改故障检测模型以便作为参数,由运行至运行控制器修改的菜单的设定点并入。
附图简述
当与附图结合考虑时,参照下面本发明的详细说明能更好地理解本发明的各个目的、特征和优点,其中:
图1是表示可用于执行本发明的至少一部分概念的一部分半导体制造系统的至少一个例子的硬件方框图;
图2表示通过用于制造半导体晶片的图1的半导体制造系统可执行的控制系统的至少一个例子;
图3表示可用于控制根据本发明一个或多个实施例的制造工艺的至少一个工艺例子;
图4是可用于执行本发明的一个或多个实施例的运行至运行控制过程的至少一个工艺例子;
图5表示可用于执行本发明的一个或多个实施例的故障检测控制过程的至少一个工艺例子;
图6是表示作为本发明的一个或多个实施例的一部分并与其一起使用的计算装置的高级方框图;和
图7表示可用于储存本发明的一个或多个实施例的计算机执行程序的存储介质的一个例子。
具体实施例
根据本发明的一个或多个实施例,提供一种技术,其使用运行至运行控制器和故障检测系统并结合制造执行系统用于工艺半导体晶片。更具体地说,该制造执行系统将菜单传送给运行至运行控制器,用于控制工具。这个菜单包括用于获得一个或多个目标晶片特性的设定点。此外,故障检测系统通过测量加工属性来监视晶片加工,其中加工属性包括故障状况和晶片特性。运行至运行控制器根据加工属性(从故障检测系统以及例如其它信息收集源接收到的)修改菜单的设定点,以便保持目标晶片特性,除了由故障检测系统检测到故障状况的情况之外。
图1示出了表示可用于执行本发明的至少一个或多个发明的半导体制造系统100的一部分的硬件方框图的至少一个例子。如图1所示,除了其它组件之外,半导体制造系统100包括故障检测系统110、运行至运行控制器120和一件或多件工艺设备或工具150、这些组件的都通过网络130互连。如上所述,故障检测系统110用于监视一个或多个工具150和晶片,目的是为了检测故障状况。运行至运行控制器120用于修改工具菜单,目的是为了提高制造效率。尽管图1示出了作为分离的或独立的组件的故障检测系统110和运行至运行控制器120,但是本发明的一个或多个实施例企图在单个计算节点(computing node)执行故障检测系统110和运行至运行控制器120。
除了运行至运行控制器120和故障检测系统110之外,本发明的一个或多个实施例期望在由一个或多个工具150刚刚加工之前或之后,任何数量的计量工具或传感器190可设置在用于测量晶片特性的一个或多个工具150的每个的上游或下游。如果使用的话,计量工具190可经过网络130连接到系统100的其余部件上。同样,还可从上游或馈送工具(例如设置在另一工具上游的工具)接收输入晶片特性。这样,可以在先前制造步骤结束时或期间通过在其它工具上的传感器测量这些特性并传送,以便在当前工具中使用。这种计量工具190的例子包括由加利福尼亚的San Jose的KLA-Tencor提供的RS-75TM。
一个或多个工具150可以是可用于加工晶片以便产生预定输出的任何数量的不同类型的工具。例子包括CMP、光刻、淀积、或刻蚀工具,等等。在本发明的一个或多个实施例中,一个或多个工具可包括控制器152、任何数量的工艺腔室154、和晶片测量子系统156。如下面的更详细的说明,控制器152利用来自故障检测系统110和运行至运行控制器120的信息加工晶片。在操作中,输入晶片160首先移动到工艺腔室154中。在那里,加工晶片,然后移出该工具。这些加工腔室的例子包括双等离子体刻蚀腔室和CMP抛光腔室。
在晶片加工之前、期间和/或之后,使用晶片测量子系统156测量晶片特性。这些特性取决于待讨论的工具(一个或多个)的类型,并且可包括膜厚、均匀性等。晶片测量子系统156可包括能够在加工期间实时测量晶片参数的原位传感器。同样,晶片测量子系统156可包括位于加工腔室154内或附近的集成的在线的(inline)传感器,用于近似实时测量。原位传感器的例子包括由加利福尼亚的Santa Clara的应用材料股份有限公司提供的原位可移去监视器(In Situ RemovalMonitor)。集成或在线式传感器的例子包括与计量技术集成一体的工具(例如,由Rehovot的Nova测量仪器有限公司提供的Nova 2020TM,由加利福尼亚的Santa Clara的Nanomertric提供的Israel或Nano9000TM)。
一般来说,一个或多个工具160根据工艺菜单或者换言之,根据执行加工结果所需要的一组预定工艺参数在输入晶片160上进行操作。例如,典型的菜单可表示用于实现预定输出所需的任何数量的一个或多个设定点。这样,菜单可识别所需的温度、压力、功率、加工时间、升高位置和产生特殊晶片结果所需要的材料的流速。此外,其它特性也可包含在内。根据本发明的一个或多个实施例,当需要时,控制器152利用从例如上游计量工具接收的信息和一个或多个工具150的先前操作或运行修改这些菜单。这样,可以沿着在加工之前的先前运行的结果将输入晶片的测量膜厚提供给控制器152。然后,可由控制器152使用这个信息修改工艺菜单的一个或多个设定点,以便提高制造效率。
在加工期间,晶片测量子系统156可用于测量任何数量的晶片特性。此外,还可以在刚刚加工之前或之后测量晶片特性。在本发明的一个或多个实施例中,可以使用子系统156检测加工的完成(例如经过结束点检测等)。一旦加工完成,将晶片从工艺室154移出到例如下游工具。由晶片测量子系统156或其它计量工具通过完成工艺收集的任何晶片特性可以输送给下游工具。同样,测量的特性可以输送给控制器152、故障检测系统110和/或运行至运行控制器120,用于修改将来的运行。如下面所讨论的,可以分析输送给故障检测系统110和运行至运行控制器120的数据,用于检测任何故障状况和用于修改后来的工艺菜单。
参照图2,其中示出了可由半导体制造系统100执行的控制系统200的一个例子。如图2所示,控制系统200包括控制工艺210、故障检测工艺220、运行至运行工艺230和晶片测量工艺240。控制工艺210使用例如控制算法等控制一个或多个工具150的操作。例如,控制工艺210可用于选择用于加工晶片的工具或工艺菜单。这个工艺菜单可以由工艺工程师输入或下载到系统200中。该菜单部分地识别所需输出或要制造的最终产品,如由任何数量的目标特性所规定的。这些目标特性可包括例如将要由CMP工具制造的最终所需膜厚。此外,控制工艺210还从例如上游计量工具接收任何数量的晶片预测量值(pre wafermeasurements)214。对于控制工艺210这些测量值描述输入晶片的特性,并用于确定菜单设定点,如下所述。
使用这些输入(即菜单212和测量值214),控制工艺210产生用于实现所需产量的特殊设定点。如本领域普通技术人员公知的,控制工艺210在某些输入基础上使用例如用于预报所需输出的模型分析目标特性和测量值214。在这种情况下,输入目标特性(例如膜厚)和晶片预测量值(例如实际厚度)。然后,在模型基础上,可以预报获得所需目标特性所需的设定点。在本发明的一个或多个实施例中,可以通过例如工艺工程师等在系统初始化阶段输入或执行模型。一般来说,可以使用任何合适的半导体晶片制造模型。
在使用时,在工艺之前、期间和/或之后由晶片测量系统240收集任何数量晶片特性的测量值。然后将这些特性输送给运行至运行工艺230。运行至运行工艺230分析由晶片测量系统240测量的晶片特性并确定对工具的工艺菜单是否做任何修改(例如经过控制工艺210),以便提高效率。为了说明,如上所述,在CMP抛光操作中,使用时抛光垫很容易磨损。结果是,磨损的抛光垫比新抛光垫需要更多的抛光时间来获得特定膜厚。当需要时(例如当抛光垫已经磨损),运行至运行程序230可以用于识别需要更多时间和指示抛光工具,由此增加其抛光时间。这样,运行至运行工艺分析的结果可以输送给控制工艺210,用于访问后来操作中的工艺偏移。
根据本发明的一个或多个实施例,故障检测工艺220被系统200使用以便检测故障状况。如下面更详细的说明,在工艺期间故障检测工艺220使用被例如原位或集成传感器收集的数据。一个或多个实施例预见到为了这些目的而产生故障检测标记。具体而言,这个标记可以由控制工艺210利用以便确定是否对工艺菜单进行调整。例如,故障检测标记和由运行至运行工艺230所产生的分析结果输送给控制工艺210并分析以确定是否改变工艺菜单,其中故障检测标记和由运行至运行程序230所产生的分析结果一起构成由本发明使用的至少一些加工属性。例如,运行至运行控制工艺230产生对菜单的修改和故障检测工艺220识别是否应该或不应该执行修改的情况。相应地,只有在适当的时候(即,当工具菜单以修复可解决的问题或无效性的方式调整时),控制程序210可以修改菜单。这样,系统200能够在“故障”条件下制止执行根据运行至运行技术产生的修改。
图3表示可用于控制本发明的制造工艺的工艺的至少一个例子。参见图3(结合图1),至少在本例中,加工开始于测量晶片特性的步骤(步骤304)。具体而言,可以在它们到达工具(例如一个或多个工具150)之前测量预加工晶片特性。如上所述,可使用位于上游工具中的任何后测量传感器,原位传感器、集成或在线式传感器、或者其它类似装置。此时可以测量任何数量的晶片特性,包括例如膜厚、均匀性、临界尺寸、颗粒数量等。测量这些晶片特性之后,将数据输送给运行至运行控制器120(步骤308)。
结合测量数据向运行至运行控制器120的传输,相应晶片被输送给具有任何相关工艺信息的一个或多个工具150(步骤312)。此外,制造执行系统(MES)输送涉及和识别特定菜单的信息,用于加工晶片,其中这些特定菜单将被一个或多个工具150使用。如本领域普通技术人员公知的,MES可识别将要使用的特定室、任何工艺序列、该工具中的传送信息、设置等。同样,MES通常用于自动化、集成和谐调执行或产生输出产品所需要的每个工艺和资源。
接下来,一个或多个工具150执行其制造工艺(步骤316)。更具体地说,一个或多个工具150根据从MES接收的信息并结合由运行至运行控制器120和/或故障检测系统110提供的信息加工晶片。如下所述,在没有故障时可使用从运行至运行控制器120接收的信息修改或调整由MES提供的菜单。
在进行工艺期间,如下面将要描述的,故障检测系统110监视工具的工具故障或工具缺陷和晶片的晶片特性故障(步骤320)。由故障检测系统进行的分析,或者换言之,是否检测到故障,输送给运行至运行控制器120(步骤324)。例如,故障检测标记可传输到控制器120(从故障检测系统110),用于识别是否存在故障。根据本发明的一个或多个实施例,然后使用这个信息确定根据运行至运行技术应修改(和不修改)菜单的那些情况。
在已经完成执行工具工艺之后,在后工艺测量步骤中测量晶片(步骤328)。在本发明的一个或多个实施例中,使用工具上的集成传感器进行测量。同样,其它类型的传感器也可以使用。然后用这个信息修改随后的菜单,如这里所述的。
根据本发明的一个或多个实施例,并如上所述,运行至运行控制器120使用后工艺测量值并结合故障检测信息修改工具菜单。具体而言,首先确定工艺是否已经经历工具或晶片特性故障(步骤332)。例如,如下面更详细说明的,将由故障检测系统如110产生的故障检测标记(例如表示存在于晶片和/或工具上的一个或多个状况的一个或多个数字标识)与由例如运行至运行控制器120可接受的值范围相比较。如果该标记是不可接受的,则发生故障。如果故障已经发生,则从发生工具故障的运行收集到的运行后工艺测量值不能用于修改随后的菜单(步骤336)。此外,工艺可以完全终止。另一方面,如果程序确定没有发生故障,则在本发明的运行至运行技术下修改菜单(步骤340)。通过这种方式,在没有发生工具故障的情况下修改菜单。
图4表示可用于根据本发明的一个或多个概念用于进行运行至运行控制过程的工艺的至少一个例子。首先,测量来自先前工艺或工具的后工艺晶片特性并将其输送给将要在其中进行本发明的运行至运行和故障检测技术的工具(步骤404)。这些测量值可从上游工具或从位于上游工艺之后但在当前工具之前的计量工具提取。同样,可以在当前工具本身或在任何其它模拟装置或加工前的位置上提取测量值。
在某些情况下,上游测量是无效的。例如,在一些工具或工艺中测量每个晶片需要太多时间。在这些情况下,不可测量每个晶片或运行操作。例如,可以在每个第二或第三运行上进行测量。因此来自这些晶片的后加工测量在该工艺中是无效的或不考虑的。这样,检测上游测量值以确定它们是否是有效的测量(步骤408)。如果不是,运行至运行控制器120忽略被测量的上游测量值并使用先前运行的设定点继续加工(步骤432)。如果有效,可以在修改工具的加工菜单上使用这些测量值。
根据本发明的至少一些实施例,和如下面更详细说明的,对菜单的修改可以作为各种变型分为故障检测模型的因子。在这些实施例中,由运行至运行控制器120进行的任何菜单设定点变化被输送给故障检测系统110,该故障检测系统110利用这菜单修改识别新的故障状况范围。通过这种方式,即使由运行至运行控制器120改变了菜单,故障检测系统110也可用灵敏的方式操作(即调整故障状况的范围,以便适应任何修改的菜单设定点)。
应该理解,前面已经借助例子介绍了实施例的具体步骤及其顺序,本发明还考虑了其它的附加、省略和配置。例如,可以想象由运行至运行控制器接收到的所有加工属性首先通过(或开始于)故障检测系统。在这些实施例中,如果检测到故障,则不是接收任何加工属性,而是运行至运行控制器只接收例如故障警报。
根据本发明的一个或多个方面,并如上所述,在用于后来运行的运行至运行工艺中不考虑被已经经历工具故障或已经经历晶片特性故障的工具加工的晶片或运行。这样,在继续执行之前考虑关于加工工具的故障检测信息(步骤416)。具体而言,如果在先前运行中检测到缺陷或故障状况,则不修改工具的菜单(步骤412)。此外,可以显示错误信息,并完全暂停加工。
如果在先前运行中没有检测到故障,执行对数据的任何所需转换(步骤420)。例如,由传感器所读取的原始数据可以转换成更有意义的形式。作为一个例子,不均匀参数可要求大量测量值之间的比。这样,在本例中,计算每个测量值的比。同样,膜厚的平均值将要求转换以平均所有的测量厚度。而且,对某些测量值完全可以不必进行转换。
进行任何转换(如果需要的话)之后,执行控制工艺算法,用于估计下一个预报输出(步骤424)。通常来说,该算法利用各种模拟技术、工具菜单和涉及输入晶片和先前工艺运行的信息,用于建立将要由该工具预定产生的输出。例如,通过利用模型,可以在对应参数如压力、功率、气流等的设定点基础上预报特定输出膜厚。
一旦已经由控制算法预报了下一输出,则该输出与规格限(specification limits)相比较(步骤428)。规格限指示出晶片特性的可接受极限。如果输出在规格限内(即如果预报的输出处于可接受范围内),不必修改,并在先前运行中使用的相同设定点可再次使用(步骤432)。另一方面,如果预报的输出超过了规格限,则预报输出与工具的可接受范围相比较(步骤436)。工具的范围描述了工具可实现的能力。如果由于工具范围不够而使预报的输出不能处于规格限内,则将不能获得所需结果。在这种情况下,工艺忽略该结果,显示错误信息,并例如终止加工(步骤440)。
如果预报的输出处于规格限之外但处于工具范围内,则可对工具菜单进行修改(步骤444)。尤其是,根据标准模拟技术修改菜单的一个或多个设定点。在很多情况下,如本领域普通技术人员公知的,这些模型是通过工艺工程师设计的并在设备的初始阶段下载到系统100上。一旦已经估计了为获得所需产品所需要的调整,执行该工艺(步骤448)。通过这种方式,在本发明的一个或多个实施例中,控制算法利用一个或多个目标晶片特性(即所需输出)、测量的输入晶片特性和对工具菜单的修改,如由运行至运行和故障检测技术确定的,以便有效地制造半导体晶片。
图5表示了可用于执行根据本发明的各一个或多个实施例的故障检测控制工艺的工艺的至少一个例子。首先,故障检测系统110识别出在工具或工艺上执行的菜单(步骤504)。根据正在使用的菜单,建立或选择一个故障检测模型(步骤508)。如本领域普通技术人员所公知的,故障检测模型可用于确定表示故障状况的条件范围。这样,使用了具体涉及该菜单的模型。
选择故障检测模型之后,制造工艺开始执行,在这个期间内,传感器实时收集晶片特性如膜厚、均匀性等。作为选择,可以在程序之前或之后收集晶片特性。这些特性与故障检测模型相比较,产生故障检测标记或故障事件(即触发器)。如本领域普通技术人员公知的,任何数量的方法都可用于产生故障检测标记。例如,可以利用任何统计学工艺控制、神经网络、或以分析技术为基础的模型等。该标记表示由该工具产生的晶片的最优化。这样,该标记可以与预定值相比较以便表示工具故障或工具缺陷。如上所述,在最优化晶片制造中这个标记构成由本发明使用的晶片工艺属性的至少一部分。例如,也如上所述,运行至运行控制器120可忽略来自于运行中,由已经经历故障状况的工具制造的被测晶片的特性。
如上所述,本发明的至少一些实施例考虑对由运行至运行控制器120所做的菜单的修改分解成故障检测模型因子,作为独立参数。通过这种方式,故障检测系统110可重新确定故障状况的范围,以便容纳菜单改变,由此提高系统灵敏度。
更具体地说,可以根据并考虑菜单设定点的改变或修改重新确定故障状况边界。特别是,通过根据菜单设定点的修改调整故障状况范围,可以在故障检测模型中实施更窄的故障状况范围。在本发明的至少一些实施例中,故障状况范围可根据到菜单设定点的固定距离来设置。这样,在这些实施例中,对设定点的修改导致对故障状况范围的相应修改。
作为例子,在单维情况下,用于获得特定目标特性的固定菜单设定点设置在初始值(例如五十个单位)。根据涉及这个菜单的故障检测模型,故障状况边界可以初始地设置在给定范围(例如四十八和五十二个单位)。这样,在给定范围(例如五十二以上和四十八个单位以下)以外的实际晶片特性测量值导致故障状况。在这些故障状况下,如上所述,加工例如可以终止。
在加工期间,对菜单设定点的修改可以由运行至运行控制器120来实施,以便解决工艺输出偏移。这样,在上述例子中,运行至运行控制器120可增加菜单设定点(例如从五十增加到五十三个单位),由此必然导致故障状况。为解释正常运行至运行修改,一种解决方案是增加故障状况的范围(例如增加到四十三和五十七个单位)。但是,这种解决方案使故障检测能力不敏感。为了解决这个问题,本发明的实施例考虑将修改的设定点合并到故障检测模型中,以便在到设定点的距离的基础上产生故障状况边界。通过各种方式,通过集成运行至运行技术与故障检测概念不会危及系统灵敏度。这样,在本例中,故障状况的范围将再设置在五十一到五十五。
集成的多维情况是相同的。在这些情况下,非故障状况区域可以视为到多维设定点的坐标的距离。当由运行至运行控制器120修改确定菜单中的设定点的一个或多个坐标时,故障状况边界的范围可以重新定义为操作菜单参数的函数。
此外,在多个输入、多输出情况的至少一些实施例中,预报的输出值和实际测量的输出值之间的距离可用作故障检测的度量标准(metric)。这样,预报值和实际值之间的差别可用于确定故障状况边界。
图6,总称为640,表示图2的系统100的潜在任何组件的内部硬件的一个例子的方框图,其例子包括任何数量的不同类型的计算机,如由加利福尼亚的Santa Clara的Intel公司制造的具有奔腾TM基的处理器的计算机。总线656用作互连系统100的其它部件的主信息链路。CPU658是该系统的中央处理单元,进行执行本发明的工艺以及其它程序所需的计算和逻辑操作。只读存储器(ROM)660和随机存取存储器(RAM)662构成该系统的主存储器。磁盘控制器664将一个或多个磁片驱动器连接到该系统总线656。这些磁盘驱动器例如是软盘驱动器670、或CD ROM或DVD(数字视频盘)驱动器666,或者内部或外部硬盘驱动器668。CPU658可以是任何数量的不同类型处理器,包括由Intel公司或Illinois的Schaumberg的摩托罗拉公司制造的处理器。存储器/存储装置可以是任何数量的不同类型存储装置,如DRAM和SRAM以及各种类型的存储装置,包括磁性和光学介质。此外,存储器/存储装置还可采用传输的形式。
显示接口672连接显示器648和允许来自总线656的信息显示在显示器648上。显示器648也可以是任选的附件。与外部装置如上述该系统的其它部件的通信是例如利用通信端口674实现的。例如,端口674可以与连接到计量工具190的总线/网络连接。光纤和/或电缆和/或导体和/或光学通信(例如红外等)和/或无线通信(例如射频(RF)等)可以用作外部装置和通信端口674之间的传输介质。外围接口654连接键盘650和鼠标652,允许输入数据传输到总线656。除了这些部件之外,控制系统还可以任选地包括红外发射器678和/或红外接收器676。在计算机系统结合通过红外信号传输发送/接收数据的一个或多个加工组件/站使用时,可选用红外发射器。代替利用红外发射器或红外接收器,控制系统也可选用低功率无线电通信发射机680和/或低功率无线电通信接收机682。低功率无线电通信发射机传输由制造工艺的组件接收到的信号,并经过低功率无线电通信接收机接收来自这些部件的信号。
图7是表示可用于存储计算机可读编码或指令的示意计算机可读存储介质784,其中计算机可读编码或指令包括模型、菜单等。作为一个例子,介质784可由图6中所示的磁盘驱动器使用。通常,存储介质如软盘,或CDROM,或者数字视频盘将包含例如用于单字节语言的多字节场所(locale)和用于控制上述系统的程序信息以使计算机执行这里所述的功能。或者,ROM 660和/或RAM662还可用于存储程序信息,这些程序信息用于命令中央处理单元658执行与当前工艺相关的操作。用于存储信息的合适的计算机可读介质的其它例子包括磁性、电子、或光学(包括全息照相)存储器、它们的一些组合等。此外,本发明的至少一些实施例考虑计算机可读介质可以是传输型的。
本发明的实施例考虑用于执行如前面所说明的本发明的不同方面的软件的不同部分,可以位于存储器/存储装置中。
通常,应该强调的是本发明实施例的各个组件可以在硬件、软件、或其组合中实施。在这种实施例中,不同组件和步骤将在硬件和/后软件中执行,以便实施本发明的功能。任何目前可得到或将来开发的计算机软件语言和/或硬件部件都可以用在本发明的这些实施例中。例如,上述功能的至少一些功能可以使用BASIC、C、C++或其它编程或脚本(scripting)语言(例如TCL、Pearl、Java或SQL)。
还显然和能够理解这里所述的本发明的具体实施例只是用于表示本发明的一般原理。本领域普通技术人员可以做各种符合前述原理的修改。
Claims (81)
1、一种使用带有故障检测系统的运行至运行控制器在制造执行系统中加工晶片的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
1)将用于控制工具的菜单接收到所述运行至运行控制器中,其中所述菜单包括至少一个设定点,用于获得一个或多个目标晶片特性;
2)通过测量加工属性监视所述晶片的加工,其中所述加工属性包括由所述故障检测系统识别的晶片特性和故障状况;
3)将所述加工属性输送给所述运行至运行控制器;和
4)除了所述故障检测系统检测到故障状况时之外,根据所述测量的加工属性修改在所述运行至运行控制器上的所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点,以便除了由所述故障检测系统检测到故障状况之外保持所述目标晶片特性,而在所述故障检测系统检测到故障状况的情况下,并不根据所述测量的加工属性来修改所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点;和
5)将所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点作为参数并入到所述故障检测系统中。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,还包括在进行加工之前测量晶片特性。
3、根据权利要求1的方法,还包括由所述测量的加工属性生成故障检测标记,并将所述标记传输到所述运行至运行控制器,目的是为了修改所述至少一个设定点。
4、根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述修改包括比较预报输出与可接受的工具规格限。
5、根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述修改包括比较预报输出与可接受的工具范围。
6、根据权利要求1的方法,还包括在检测到故障状况时终止所述加工。
7、根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述至少一个设定点包括两个或多个设定点。
8、根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述至少一个设定点包括温度、压力、功率、加工时间、升高位置和材料的流速中的至少一个。
9、根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述故障状况包括工具故障。
10、根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述故障状况包括晶片特性故障。
11、根据权利要求1的方法,其中步骤5)包括将所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点合并到一个或多个用于确定表示故障状况的条件范围的故障检测模型中。
12、根据权利要求1的方法,其中当检测到晶片故障时,所述测量的晶片特性不能用于修改所述菜单。
13、一种用于加工晶片的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
1)根据菜单加工所述晶片,其中所述菜单包括用于获得一个或多个目标晶片特性的至少一个设定点;
2)测量晶片特性;
3)利用一个故障检测系统检测表示故障状况的条件;和
4)在没有故障状况的情况下,根据所述测量的晶片特性修改所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点,以保持所述目标晶片特性,在有故障状况的情况下,并不根据所述测量的晶片特性来修改所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点;
5)将所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点作为参数并入到所述故障检测系统中。
14、根据权利要求13的方法,其中如果检测到故障状况则终止加工。
15、根据权利要求13的方法,所述测量步骤在加工期间进行。
16、根据权利要求13的方法,其中所述测量步骤在加工之后进行。
17、根据权利要求13的方法,其中将所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点作为参数并入到用于确定表示故障状况的条件范围的故障检测模型中。
18、一种在制造执行系统中加工晶片的系统,所述系统包括:
运行至运行控制器,用于根据从所述制造执行系统接收来的菜单控制工具,其中所述菜单包括用于获得一个或多个目标晶片特性的至少一个设定点;
用于测量包括晶片特性的加工属性的传感器;
故障检测器,用于监视所述晶片特性以检测表示故障状况的条件和将所述条件输送给所述运行至运行控制器;
其中除了所述故障检测器检测到故障状况时之外,根据所述加工属性修改所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点,以保持所述目标晶片特性,而在所述故障检测器检测到故障状况的情况下,并不根据所述加工属性来修改所述至少一个设定点;且
其中将所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点作为参数并入到所述故障检测器中。
19、根据权利要求18的系统,还包括用于在进行加工之前测量晶片特性的传感器。
20、根据权利要求18的系统,其中所述故障检测器从所述测量的加工属性生成故障检测标记,并将所述标记传送给所述运行至运行控制器,以便修改所述至少一个设定点。
21、根据权利要求18的系统,其中所述运行至运行控制器通过比较预报的输出与可接受的工具规格限而修改所述至少一个设定点。
22、根据权利要求18的系统,其中所述运行至运行控制器通过比较预报的输出与可接受的工具范围而修改所述至少一个设定点。
23、根据权利要求18的系统,其中在检测到故障状况时所述运行至运行控制器终止加工。
24、根据权利要求18的系统,其中所述至少一个设定点包括两个或两个以上的设定点。
25、根据权利要求18的系统,其中所述至少一个设定点包括温度、压力、功率、处理时间、升高位置和材料的流速中的至少一个。
26、根据权利要求18的系统,其中所述故障状况包括工具故障。
27、根据权利要求18的系统,其中所述故障状况包括晶片特性故障。
28、根据权利要求18的系统,其中故障检测模型用于确定表示故障状况的条件范围,其中所述故障检测模型被修改以便在所述运行至运行控制器中将所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点作为参数并入。
29、一种用于加工晶片的系统,所述系统包括:
运行至运行控制器,用于根据菜单加工所述晶片,其中所述菜单包括用于获得一个或多个目标晶片特性的至少一个设定点;
用于测量包括晶片特性的传感器;
故障检测器,用于检测表示故障状况的条件,而且所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点被作为参数并入到所述故障检测器中;和
其中在所述故障检测器没有检测到故障状况的情况下,所述运行至运行控制器根据所述晶片特性修改所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点,以保持所述目标晶片特性,而当所述故障检测器检测到故障状况时,所述运行至运行控制器并不根据所述晶片特性修改所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点。
30、根据权利要求29的系统,其中如果检测到故障状况,则所述运行至运行控制器不修改所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点。
31、根据权利要求29的系统,其中在加工期间所述传感器测量晶片特性。
32、根据权利要求29的系统,其中在加工之后所述传感器测量晶片特性。
33、根据权利要求29的系统,其中修改用于确定表示故障状况的条件范围的故障检测模型,以便在所述运行至运行控制器中并入作为参数的所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点。
34、一种使用带有故障检测系统的运行至运行控制器在制造执行系统中加工晶片的系统,所述系统包括:
用于将控制工具的菜单接收到所述运行至运行控制器中的装置,其中所述菜单包括用于获得一个或多个目标晶片特性的至少一个设定点;
用于通过测量加工属性监视所述晶片加工的装置,其中所述加工属性包括由所述故障检测系统识别的晶片特性和故障状况;
用于将所述加工属性输送给所述运行至运行控制器的装置;和
用于修改的装置,其在除了所述故障检测系统检测到故障状况时之外,根据所述加工属性修改在所述运行至运行控制器上的所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点,以保持所述目标晶片特性,而在所述故障检测系统检测到故障状况的情况下,并不根据所述加工属性来修改所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点,所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点被作为参数并入到所述故障检测系统中。
35、根据权利要求34的系统,还包括用于在进行加工之前测量晶片特性的装置。
36、根据权利要求34的系统,还包括用于从所述测量的加工属性生成故障检测标记的装置,和用于将所述标记传送给所述运行至运行控制器以便修改所述设定点的装置。
37、根据权利要求34的系统,其中所述用于修改的装置包括用于比较预报输出与可接受的工具规格限的装置。
38、根据权利要求34的系统,其中所述用于修改的装置包括用于比较预报输出与可接受的工具范围的装置。
39、根据权利要求34的系统,还包括用于在检测到故障状况时终止所述加工的装置。
40、根据权利要求34的系统,其中所述故障状况包括工具故障。
41、根据权利要求34的系统,其中所述故障状况包括晶片特性故障。
42、根据权利要求34的系统,其中修改用于确定表示故障状况的条件范围的故障检测模型,以便在所述运行至运行控制器中并入作为参数的所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点。
43、一种用于加工晶片的系统,所述系统包括:
用于根据菜单加工所述晶片的装置,其中所述菜单包括用于获得一个或多个目标晶片特性的至少一个设定点;
用于测量晶片特性的装置;
用于检测表示故障状况的条件的装置;和
用于修改的装置,其在没有故障状况的情况下根据所述测量的晶片特性修改所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点,以保持所述目标晶片特性,而在有故障状况的情况下并不根据所述测量的晶片特性来修改所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点,其中所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点被作为参数并入到所述用于检测表示故障状况的条件的装置中。
44、根据权利要求43的系统,其中如果检测到故障状况则终止加工。
45、根据权利要求43的系统,其中修改用于确定表示故障状况的条件范围的故障检测模型,以便在所述运行至运行控制器中并入作为参数的所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点。
46、一种使用带有故障检测系统的运行至运行控制器在制造执行系统中用于加工物品的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
1)将用于控制工具的菜单接收到所述运行至运行控制器中,其中所述菜单包括用于获得一个或多个目标物品特性的至少一个设定点;
2)通过测量加工属性监视所述物品的加工,其中所述加工属性包括由所述故障检测系统识别的物品特性和故障状况;
3)将所述加工属性输送给所述运行至运行控制器;和
4)除了所述故障检测系统检测到故障状况时之外,根据所述测量的加工属性修改在所述运行至运行控制器上的所述菜单的至少一个设定点,以保持所述目标物品特性,而在所述故障检测系统检测到故障状况的情况下,并不根据所述测量的加工属性来修改所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点,其中所述至少一个设定点被作为参数并入到所述故障检测系统中。
47、根据权利要求46的方法,还包括在进行加工之前测量物品特性。
48、根据权利要求46的方法,还包括从所述测量的加工属性生成故障检测标记,并将所述标记传输到所述运行至运行控制器,目的是为了修改所述至少一个设定点。
49、根据权利要求46的方法,还包括在检测到故障状况时终止所述加工。
50、根据权利要求46的方法,其中所述至少一个设定点包括两个或两个以上设定点。
51、一种用于加工物品的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
1)根据菜单处理所述物品,其中所述菜单包括用于获得一个或多个目标物品特性的至少一个设定点;
2)测量物品特性;
3)利用一个故障检测系统来检测表示故障状况的条件;和
4)在没有故障状况的情况下,根据所述测量的物品特性修改所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点,以保持所述目标物品特性,而在有故障状况的情况下,并不根据所述测量的物品特性来修改所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点,其中所述至少一个设定点被作为参数并入到所述故障检测系统中。
52、根据权利要求51的方法,其中如果检测到故障状况则终止加工。
53、一种在制造执行系统中加工物品的系统,所述系统包括:
运行至运行控制器,用于根据从所述制造执行系统接收来的菜单控制工具,其中所述菜单包括用于获得一个或多个目标物品特性的至少一个设定点;
用于测量包括物品特性的加工属性的传感器;
故障检测器,用于监视所述物品特性以检测表示故障状况的条件和将所述条件输送给所述运行至运行控制器,所述至少一个设定点被作为参数并入到所述故障检测器中;和
其中除了所述故障检测器检测到故障状况时之外,根据所述加工属性修改所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点,以保持所述目标物品特性,而在所述故障检测器检测到故障状况的情况下,并不根据所述加工属性来修改所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点。
54、根据权利要求53的系统,还包括用于在进行加工之前测量物品特性的传感器。
55、根据权利要求53的系统,其中所述故障检测器从所述测量的加工属性生成故障检测标记,并将所述标记传送给所述运行至运行控制器,目的是为了修改所述至少一个设定点。
56、根据权利要求53的系统,其中在检测到故障状况时所述运行至运行控制器终止加工。
57、根据权利要求53的系统,其中所述至少一个设定点包括两个或两个以上的设定点。
58、一种用于加工物品的系统,所述系统包括:
运行至运行控制器,用于根据菜单处理所述物品,其中所述菜单包括用于获得一个或多个目标物品特性的至少一个设定点;
用于测量物品特性的传感器;
故障检测器,用于检测表示故障状况的条件,其中所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点被作为参数并入到所述故障检测器中;和
其中在所述故障检测器没有检测到故障状况的情况下,所述运行至运行控制器根据所述物品特性修改所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点,以保持所述目标物品特性,且其中在所述故障检测器检测到故障状况的情况下,所述运行至运行控制器并不根据所述物品特性来修改所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点。
59、一种使用带有故障检测系统的运行至运行控制器在制造执行系统中加工晶片的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
1)将用于控制工具的菜单接收到所述运行至运行控制器中,其中所述菜单包括至少一个设定点,用于获得一个或多个目标晶片特性;
2)通过测量加工属性监视所述晶片的加工,其中所述加工属性包括由所述故障检测系统识别的晶片特性和故障状况;
3)将所述加工属性输送给所述运行至运行控制器;
4)当所述故障检测系统未检测到故障状况时,根据所述测量的加工属性修改在所述运行至运行控制器上的所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点,以保持所述目标晶片特性;和
5)当所述故障检测系统检测到一个不需要终止所述加工的故障状况时,并不根据所述测量的加工属性来修改在所述运行至运行控制器上的所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点。
60、根据权利要求59的方法,还包括在进行加工之前测量晶片特性。
61、根据权利要求59的方法,还包括根据所述测量的加工属性生成故障检测标记,并将所述标记传输到所述运行至运行控制器,以便修改所述至少一个设定点。
62、根据权利要求59的方法,其中所述修改包括比较预报输出与可接受的工具规格限。
63、根据权利要求59的方法,其中所述修改包括比较预报输出与可接受的工具范围。
64、根据权利要求59的方法,还包括在检测到故障状况时终止所述加工。
65、根据权利要求59的方法,其中所述至少一个设定点包括两个或多个设定点。
66、根据权利要求59的方法,其中所述至少一个设定点包括温度、压力、功率、加工时间、升高位置和材料流速中的至少一个。
67、根据权利要求59的方法,其中所述故障状况包括工具故障。
68、根据权利要求59的方法,其中所述故障状况包括晶片特性故障。
69、根据权利要求59的方法,其中修改用于确定表示故障状况的条件范围的故障检测模型,以便在所述运行至运行控制器中将所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点作为参数并入。
70、根据权利要求59的方法,其中当检测到晶片故障时,所述测量的晶片特性不能用于修改所述菜单。
71、一种在制造执行系统中加工晶片的系统,所述系统包括:
运行至运行控制器,用于根据从所述制造执行系统接收的菜单来控制工具,其中所述菜单包括用于获得一个或多个目标晶片特性的至少一个设定点;
用于测量包括晶片特性的加工属性的传感器;
故障检测器,用于监视所述晶片特性以检测表示故障状况的条件和将所述条件输送给所述运行至运行控制器;且
其中当所述故障检测器未检测到故障状况时,根据所述加工属性修改所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点,以保持所述目标晶片特性,且其中在所述故障检测器检测到一个不需要终止所述加工的故障状况的情况下,并不根据所述加工属性来修改所述至少一个设定点。
72、根据权利要求71的系统,还包括用于在进行加工之前测量晶片特性的传感器。
73、根据权利要求71的系统,其中所述故障检测器根据所述测量的加工属性生成故障检测标记,并将所述标记传送给所述运行至运行控制器,以便修改所述至少一个设定点。
74、根据权利要求71的系统,其中所述运行至运行控制器通过比较预报的输出与可接受的工具规格限来修改所述至少一个设定点。
75、根据权利要求71的系统,其中所述运行至运行控制器通过比较预报的输出与可接受的工具范围来修改所述至少一个设定点。
76、根据权利要求71的系统,其中在检测到故障状况时所述运行至运行控制器终止加工。
77、根据权利要求71的系统,其中所述至少一个设定点包括两个或两个以上的设定点。
78、根据权利要求71的系统,其中所述至少一个设定点包括温度、压力、功率、处理时间、升高位置和材料的流速中的至少一个。
79、根据权利要求71的系统,其中所述故障状况包括工具故障。
80、根据权利要求71的系统,其中所述故障状况包括晶片特性故障。
81、根据权利要求71的系统,其中用于确定表示故障状况的条件范围的故障检测模型被修改,以便在所述运行至运行控制器中将所述菜单的所述至少一个设定点作为参数并入。
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| US10/135,405 US7337019B2 (en) | 2001-07-16 | 2002-05-01 | Integration of fault detection with run-to-run control |
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| AU2002316650A1 (en) | 2003-03-03 |
| JP4377224B2 (ja) | 2009-12-02 |
| DE60220063T2 (de) | 2008-01-10 |
| WO2003009345A3 (en) | 2004-01-08 |
| DE60220063D1 (de) | 2007-06-21 |
| EP1412827B1 (en) | 2007-05-09 |
| ATE362127T1 (de) | 2007-06-15 |
| US7337019B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 |
| US20030014145A1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
| CN1564970A (zh) | 2005-01-12 |
| WO2003009345A9 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
| EP1412827A2 (en) | 2004-04-28 |
| JP2005522018A (ja) | 2005-07-21 |
| KR100916190B1 (ko) | 2009-09-08 |
| KR20040015813A (ko) | 2004-02-19 |
| WO2003009345A2 (en) | 2003-01-30 |
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